Korea & the World (8)Nuclear Power for Alternate

Energy 2011. 5. 3

bkkim9@gmail.com김 병 구

This Week in Brief

• 한 . 중 . 일 , FTA 영토전쟁 치열– 주력 수출상품 유사 : 가전 , 자동차 , 선박 , 철강등– 기존 한 : 8 건 45 개국 , 일 : 22 개국 , 중 : 19 개국– 한 .EU, 한 . 미 FTA 비준 지연

• 원전 방사선 위험도 국민인식 과잉반응– 자연 , 의료 방사능 보다 미소– 사고 시 사망확률 자동차의 1/100, 화재 1/40– 수명단축 효과 : 흡연 , 과체중 보다 미소

Energy Alternatives

• Positive Negative

Wind Carbon free, fuel Low density, unsteadyTide Carbon free, fuel Site, economySolar Carbon free, fuel Low density, economyNuclearCarbon free, economy Radwaste,proliferation

Mega scale

Understanding Nuclear

• Double faces of the atom– Military: Hiroshima/Nagasaki, NK– Peaceful: nuclear power, medical, agriculture, etc.

• Electricity from nuclear power plants– Single largest peaceful application– 440 NPPs in operation worldwide today– Only 30 countries with high-tech infrastructure– Delivering ~ 17% of world’s electricity

Brief History

• 1895 X-ray invention by Roentgen• 1932 Einstein, Theory of Relativity E=mC*2• 1942 First nuclear fission by Fermi CP-1• 1945 Hiroshima/Nagasaki atomic bombs• 1953 Eisenhawer, Atoms for Peace • 1956 First NPP Calder Hall (UK)• 1957 International Atomic Energy Agency

(IAEA) created

Brief History (2)

• 1958 Korea, first Atomic Energy Law• 1970 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty• 1978 Korea, first NPP Kori-1 operation• 1980 Korea, NPP technical self-reliance• 1986 Chernobyl accident (USSR)• 2005 IAEA Nobel Peace Prize• 2009 Korean NPP export to UAE

What is Nuclear Power?

• Turbine/generator by heat from uranium • Burn uranium fuel instead of fossil fuel

– Energy density 1,000,000 times higher than fossil– Fuel cost only 20% of total generation cost

• Nuclear fuel fabrication: high-tech, precision• Reactor manufacture: high pressure/temp• Safety philosophy: multiple redundancy• Waste disposal : small volume, toxic, long-

term storage

Nuclear Power Generation                                                             

  

Nuclear Fuel Cycle?

• Uranium ore refined – yellow cake• Uranium conversion, enrichment– 2% ~ 4%

low enriched uranium (LEU)• Nuclear fuel burns in reactor (~ 3 years)• Spent nuclear fuel contains plutonium • Radwaste treatment and disposal• Named after the new solar stars Uranus (천왕성 ), Pluto ( 명왕성 )

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Closed Mining

Conversion

Enrichment

Fuelfabrication

Nuclear Power Plant

Reprocessing

Waste

Uranium Plutonium

Nuclear Power World Status

• 30 countries operate 439 NPPs (2010)– 1. USA 104 units (20%)– 2. FRA 58 units (75%)– 3. JPN 54 units (29%)– 4. RUS 32 units (18%)– 5. ROK 20 units (35%)Nuclear electricity 14% of world total

• New NPP constructions mainly in Asia– INA(24), RUS(12), CPR(63), ROK(11)

Nuclear Power World Prospects

• Nuclear renaissance in 40 years– Proven record of economy and safety– Climate change, low carbon green growth– Energy security from oil, natural gas

• Double the NPP capacity by 2030– Existing: life extension, new NPPs– New comers: UAE Gulf Countries, TUR, BYE, KAZ,

VIE, etc.

Nuclear Power Status in Korea• 21 units in operation, 7 units under construction

– Kori, Wolsung, Ulchin, Yonggwang– Localization rate 85% in design, manufacturing, const.– Long term supply contract for uranium fuel

• Base load production, nuclear share 35%– Midnight electricity rate– Radwaste disposal site (Gyeongju)

• National infrastructure well developed– High quality, low cost electricity (2% of GDP)– Essential element of the high-tech economy

Nuclear map ofKOREA

Yonggwang

Kori

Ulchin

Wolsung

Punggye

Kumho

Yongbyon KEDO LWR site

Daejeon

Daedeok InnopolisNuclear R&D, safety,f uel

Nuclear test site

Nuclear R&D center

Uranium mine

Yonggwang NPP (Y)

Changwon

Nuclear heavy industry

Pyongsan

Kori NPP (K)

Wolsong NPP (W)Radwaste repository

Ulchin NPP (U)

3.3 Utility’s project management/operation

Radioactive WasteDisposal Facility

(Under construction)

Younggwang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 Kori 1, 2, 3 & 4

Shin-Kori 1- 4(UnderConstruction)

Ulchin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 Shin-Ulchin 1&2 (Under construction)

Wolsong 1, 2, 3 & 4Shin-Wolsong 1 & 2(Under Construction)

20 units(17,716MW)In Operation8 units

(6,800MW)Under Construction

Status of nuclear power construction

Shin Ulchin 1&2

Shin Kori 1&2 Shin Wolsong 1&2

Shin Kori 3&4

Great Nuclear Dilemma

• Risk of nuclear power overwhelming– Anti-nuclear sentiment– Nuclear renaissance ??, higher cost

• No viable alternate source of energy• Economy, carbon-free, 준국산에너지

- 2011: 21 NPPs, 34% electricity- 2030: 40 NPPs, 59%

• Korean PWR technology, proven safety- Emerging export market after UAE

맺는 말• 일본 원전 사고

– accident anyplace, accident everyplace

• 한국형 경수로 기술자립의 의미– 준국산 에너지 , 고부가가치 수출산업– UAE BNPP 건설로 국제경쟁력 실증 – 先 기술 , 後 협력 / 경쟁 - Nuclear Silk Road

• 안전성 강화 국제협력 방안– 중국 원자력 안전문화 정착 기회– 한중일 3 국 원자력 협력체제 구상 (NGO)

• ‘ 그래도 원자력이다’ - 긍지와 반성 , 위기는 기회