,d ,slh ckrµ,d ,slk tqeyk1µeq>ls dg fn;k x;k Fkk fdeSa ftl gkyr esa Fkk] mlh gkyr esa vkSj tks oqQN ik¡p&lkr #i;s esjs ikl Fks] mUghadks ysdj fnYyh osQ fy, igyh gh cl tks eq>s feyrh Fkh] pqipki mlh ij p<+kvkSj py fn;kA

r; dj fy;k fd gk¡] vc eq>s tks Hkh dke djuk gS] djuk 'kq: dj nsukpkfg,! fny esa] fnekx esa] ;gh lek;k gqvk Fkk fd og dkeµisa¯Vx gS_ blh dhf'k{kk vc eq>s ysuh gS vkSj I+kQkSjuA mdhy vkVZ LowQy dk uke Hkj eSaus lqu j[kkFkk_ fnYyh esa dgk¡ gS] ;g irk u Fkk---[kSj] fdLlk eq[rlj2 fd esjk bfErgkuysdj vkSj esjk 'kkSd ns[kdj eq>s fcyk&I+kQhl osQ HkrhZ dj fy;k x;kA

eSaus nks&rhu txgksa osQ ckn djksy ckx esa ycs&lM+d3 ,d dejk fy;kvkSj jks”kkuk ogk¡ ls dukV Iysl dks lqcg dh Dykl esa igq¡pus yxkA

1- okD; 2- laf{kIr] lkj:i 3- lM+d osQ fdukjs

fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eS a fganh esa vk;k

5

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'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg

]

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50 Ñfrdk

'ke'ksj dh ,d dykÑfr

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fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh esa vk;k 51

jkLrs esa dHkh&dHkh pyrs&pyrs Mªkbax Hkh cukrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh ;k lkFk&lkFkdfork,¡ Hkh fy[krkA bldk ”kjk Hkh [k;ky ;k ogeks&xqeku u Fkk fd ;s dfork,¡dHkh izdkf'kr gksaxhA cl] eu dh ekSt ;k rjax ;k dksbZ Vhl&lh FkhA pquk¡ps1

vaxzs”kh esaµtSlh Hkh oqQN vkSj mnwZ esa (x”ky2 osQ 'ksj3) fy[krkA vkSj gj ph”kvkSj gj psgjs dks cxkSj ns[krk fd mlesa viuh Mªkbax osQ fy, D;k rRo [kkstldrk gw¡ ;k ik ldrk g¡w ;k ik low¡QxkA vk¡[ksa Fkd tkrh Fkha] cgqr Fkd tkrh Fkha]exj ml [kkst dk] gj ph”k vkSj psgjs vkSj n`'; ;k fLFkfr vkSj xfr dk] viukfof'k"V vkd"kZ.k de u gksrk FkkA cl vk¡[kksa dh gh etcwjh FkhA dHkh&dHkhrst cgknqj (esjs HkkbZ) oqQN #i;s Hkst nsrs Fks ;k lkbucksMZ isaV djosQ oqQN lgkjkdj ysrk FkkA esjs lkFk ,d i=kdkj egksn; Hkh vkdj jgus yxs Fks_ egkjk"Vªh_csdkj Fks] rhl&pkyhl osQ chp esa_ og bykgkckn ;wfuoflZVh osQ gksLVyksa dkdHkh&dHkh f”kØ djrsA ^bykgkckn] ekbZ ohdusl!*

vanj ls esjk ân; cgqr mf}Xu jgrkA ;|fi vius dks n`';ksa vkSj fp=kksa esa[kks nsus dh eq>esa 'kfDr Fkh_ exj vanj ls nq[kh FkkA iRuh dk nsgkar] Vh-ch- ls]gks pqdk FkkA fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij vosQykA ,dne vosQykA vkSj cl]?kwerk&?kwerk] dfork,¡ ?klhVrk ;k LosQp_ vkSj viuh [kksyh esa vkdj---viukvosQykiu [kksdj cksj gksrkA

esjs dfo fe=k vkSj ch-,- osQ lgikBh ujsanz 'kekZ ,e-,- dj pqosQ Fks vkSjfnYyh esa ,d ckj muls eqdkyr Hkh gqbZ FkhA irk ugha og dkaxzsl dh jktuhfresa layXu Fks ;k dksbZ i=kdkjh olhyk4 [kkst jgs FksA rHkh ,d ckj cPpu LVwfM;ksesa vk,A Dykl [kRe gks pqdh FkhA eSa tk pqdk FkkA og ,d uksV NksM+ x, esjsfy,A eq>s ugha ;kn fd mlesa D;k fy[kk Fkk_ exj og ,d cgqr eq[rlj&lkvkSj vPNk&lk uksV FkkA eSaus dgha cgqr xgjkbZ ls vius dks ÑrK eglwl fd;kA

1- vr%] blfy,] bl izdkj 2- I+kQkjlh vkSj mnwZ esa eqDrd dkO; dk ,d izdkj 3- x”ky osQ nkspj.k 4- ”kfj;k] lgkjk

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52 Ñfrdk

esjh cgqr gh cqjh vknr gS] i=kksa dk tokc u nsukA pkgs lSdM+ksa tokc ck”k i=kksaosQ eu&gh&eu fy[k&fy[kdj gok esa lk¡l osQ lkFk fc[kjkrk jg¡w dbZ fnuksard---! rks esjs bl ekSu dh ^miyfCèk* esjh ÑrKrk dks O;Dr djrh gqbZ] ,ddfork mHkjh] vaxzs”kh esa (v-iQlksl!)] ,d lkWusV1 (og Hkh vrqdkar eqDrNan2

esa m-iQ!) exj mudks fy[k ysus osQ ckn eSaus viuk tokc mudks xks;k3 Hkst fn;kAdbZ eghus fudy x, vkSj ?kVukpØ ls eSa nsgjknwu vk x;kA viuh llqjky

dh osQfeLV~Lk ,aM MªfxLV~l dh nqdku ij oaQikmaMjh lh[kus yxk vkSj vPNh&[kklhegkjr eq>s Vs<+s&es<+s] vtwck bckjr4 esa fy[ks uqL[kksa dks i<+ ldus dh gks xbZA

mlh o"kZ xq#oj Jh 'kkjnkpj.k th mdhy us nsgjknwu esa gh isa¯Vx Dykl [kksyyh Fkh] esjs lkSHkkX; lsA (;g esjs nsgjknwu ykSVus dk cgkuk Fkk) og can gks xbZrks eSa vdlj lksprk fd dfork vkSj dyk dh nqfu;k esaµtks vc rd esjh ,dkarnqfu;k jgh Fkh] fdlh ls mls xj”k ugha vkSj vc Hkh cgqr oqQN oSlh gh ckrgSµvc eSa dgk¡ gw¡\ esjh vkarfjd fnypfLi;ksa ls fdlh dks fnypLih ugha FkhvkSj eSa eq¡g [kksydj oqQN ugha dg ldrk Fkk fdlh lsA vius ls cM+ksa dk]xq#tuksa dk vnc&fygk”k] muosQ lkeus eq¡g u [kksyuk] 'kk;n esjh ?kq̂ h esa iM+kFkkA viuh cgqr gh vkarfjd ,dkafrdrk5 dk eSa vH;klh rks gks x;k Fkk] exjvanj ls cgqr f[kUu vkSj nq[kh Fkk vkSj ifjfLFkfr osQ lkFk lkeatL; cSBkus dhdksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA drZO;] tgk¡ rd gks ldrk FkkA---,sls esa u tkus D;ksa ,dfnu] ;ksa gh] ogh lkWusV eSaus cPpu dks iksLV dj fn;kA cPpu xfeZ;ksa dh Nqf^;ksaesa (lu~ 37) nsgjknwu vk,] czteksgu xqIr osQ ;gk¡ BgjsA bfÙkI+kQkd6 nsf[k, fd;gh (vc MkWDVj) czteksgu xqIr esjs HkkbZ osQ fe=k vkSj muosQ firk th esjsfirk th osQ iM+kslh vkSj fe=k jg pqosQ Fks] nsgjknwu esa ghA czteksgu osQ lkFkcPpu fMLisaljh esa vkdj eq>ls feys] ,d fnu esgeku Hkh jgsA

1- ;wjksih; dfork dk ,d yksdfiz; Nan ftldk iz;ksx ̄ gnh dfo;ksa us Hkh fd;k gS 2- ijaijkxrNan osQ caèku ls eqDr dfork 3- ekuks] tSls 4- okD; dh cukoV 5- ,dkdhiu 6- la;ksx

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fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh esa vk;k 53

og cPpu dh 'kq: dh /we dk ”kekuk FkkA ^izcy >a>kokr lkFkh!* nsgjknwuosQ mlh lky dh ;knxkj gS] fdl ”kksj dh vk¡/h vkbZ Fkh] mI+kQ! fdruscM+s&cM+s isM+ fcNs iM+s Fks lM+dksa ij] Vhu dh Nrsa dh Nrsa mM+ xbZ FkhaA vkSjcPpu mlh vk¡/h&ckfj'k esa ,d fxjrs gq, isM+ osQ uhps vk tkus ls cky&ckycps Fks! (ge lcdk lkSHkkX;!) vkt eSa Li"V ns[k jgk g¡w fd tks rwI+kQku muosQeu vkSj efLr"d dh nqfu;k esa xq”kj jgk Fkk og blls Hkh dgha izcy FkkAiRuh&fo;ksx gky gh esa gqvk FkkA vkSj oSQlh iRuh dk fo;ksx! tks bl eLr u`R;djrs f'ko dh mek Fkh---vkRek ls v¼k±fxuhA fuEu eè; oxZ osQ lu~*30 osQHkkoqd vkn'kks± vkSj mRlkgksa vkSj la?k"kks± dh ;qok lafxuh! eSa dYiuk gh djldrk gw¡ fd og dfo osQ fy, D;k oqQN u jgh gksxh! ,d fu'Ny dfo]ftlosQ vkj&ikj vki ns[k ldrs gSaA ckr dk/uh] ok.kh dk /uhA ân; eD[ku] ladYi I+kQkSyknA,sls O;fDr dh lkFkhA

,d vkSj cj[kk dh ;kn vk xbZA bl nsgjknwudh&lh ughaA exj Hkjh cjlkr dh >ek>eA cj[kk]bykgkckn dhA xkM+h ij igq¡puk FkkA jkr dk oDrAes”kcku1 bljkj2 dj jgs gSa] ¶HkbZ] bl oDr oqQyhu rk¡xk] oSQls tkvksxs\ lqcg rd #d tkvks!¸ exjughaA cPpu us fcLrj dk¡/s ij j[kk vkSj LVs'ku dhrjI+kQ jokuk gks x,A tgk¡ igq¡puk Fkk oDr ij igq¡psA

bykgkckn eq>s cPpu gh [khapdj yk ldrs FksAdksbZ bl laHkkouk dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrkFkkA eSa Lo;a ughaA vkSj ml ij eSa cPpu dks rc tkurk Hkh fdruk Fkk! cjk; uke3Aexj ml ifjp; osQ ftrus Hkh {k.k Fks lVhd FksA Fks oks ek=k {k.k ghA vktdydh rjg gh] eSa cgqr de dgha vkrk&tkrk ;k fdlh ls feyrk&tqyrk FkkA

1- vkfrF; djus okyk 2- vkxzg 3- uke osQ fy,] fn[kkus dks•

gfjoa'k jk; cPpu

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54 Ñfrdk

eq>s bldh dHkh dksbZ ”k:jr&lh u eglwl gqbZµ'kk;n ,slk oge eq>s Fkk] tksoge gh Fkk fd esjh futh ,dkar dh nqfu;k esa esjs lkFk pyus okyk dksbZ ughagSµvkSj D;ksa gks\ [kSj---

;s*36&*37]*37&*38 osQ lky FksA---th gk¡A rks] cPpu us eq>ls dgk] ¶rqe ;gk¡ jgksxs rks ej tkvksxsA pyks

bykgkckn vkSj ,e-,- djks---¸ bR;kfnA vkSj gekjh nqdku ij cSBus okys nsgjknwuosQ izfl¼ MkDVj eq>ls dg jgs Fks] ¶rqe bykgkckn tk,xk rks ej tk,xk!¸ exjeSa rks ns[k pqdk Fkk fd isQiQM+s osQ ejh”kksa osQ fy,] xjhc&xqjck osQ fy,] og D;kuqL[kk fy[krs Fks% ^oSQfYl;e ySDVsV] Fkzh VkbEl v&MsA* oSQfYl;e ySDVsV mufnuksa nks vkus esa ,d vkmal vkrk FkkA eSa vius fny esa csfI+kQØ FkkA

bykgkckn vk;k] rks cPpu us D;k fd;k\ cPpu osQ firk esjs yksdyxkftZ ;u osQ [kkus esa ntZ gq,A mUgksaus mnwZ&I+kQkjlh dh lwI+kQh u”eksa dk ,d laxzgcM+s Lusg ls eq>s fn;k FkkA og vk'khokZn vlsZ rd esjs lkFk jgk vkSj ,d vFkZesa vc Hkh gSA vkSj cPpu us ,e-,- izhfo;l vkSj I+kQkbuy osQ nksuksa lkyksa dkf”kEek fy;k vkSj dgk] ¶ns[kks tc Hkh rqe bl dkfcy gks tkvks] (;kuh rqEgkjhukSdjh yx tk,)] rc okil dj nsukA ̄ prk er djksA¸ u bl dkfcy gqvk] vkSju eSaus ¯prk dhA

cPpu dk Iyku ;g Fkk fd eSa fdlh rjg ,d dke dk vkneh cu tkm¡QA muosQLo;a vaxzs”kh esa iQkbuy dj ysusµnl lky dh ekLVjh osQ cknµvkSj ch-Vh- dj ysusosQ lkFk&lkFk eSa Hkh ;wfuoflZVh ls fMxzh ysdj I+kQkfjx gks tkm¡Q! rkfd dgha iSj tekdj[kM+k gks lo¡wQA lks dgk¡ gksuk Fkk! dgha u dgha ;g ckr] firk th dh ljdkjh ukSdjhdks ns[kdj] esjs fny es cSB xbZ Fkh fd ukSdjh ugha djuh gSA eSaus dHkh dksbZroZQ&foroZQ vius&vkils ugha fd;kA esjk [k;ky gS vkSj vc eSa lkI+kQ&lkI+kQ ns[krk g¡wvkSj dg ldrk g¡w fd ;g cl] ?kkaspwius dh gn FkhA (vkSj] iyk;u\)

¯gnw cksfM±x gkml osQ dkWeu :e esa ,d lhV eq>s izQh fey xbZ Fkh vkSj iarth dh lgt Ñik ls (eSa dHkh ugha Hkwyw¡xk) bafM;u izsl ls vuqokn dk dkeA

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fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh esa vk;k 55

vxj lpeqp dksbZ ckr esjh le> esa vkrh Fkh rks og ,d ;gh fd vc eq>sdfork---¯gnh dfork xaHkhjrk ls fy[kuh gS] ftlls fd esjk jCr1 fcyoqQy NwVpqdk Fkk] Hkk"kk vkSj mldk f'kYi yxHkx vtuch&ls gks pys FksA (vkf[kj ¯gnhI+kQLVZ I+kQkeZ rks esjh dHkh jgh ugha Fkh] vkSj ?kj esa [kkfyl mnwZ osQ gh okrkoj.kesa iyk FkkA ch-,- esa Hkh mnwZ gh ,d fo"k; fy;k FkkA) x”ky esjh Hkkoqdrk vkSjvkarfjd vHkkoksa dk] vius rkSj ij] Hkyh&cqjh ,d ekSu lkFkh FkhA tSlh Hkh oqQNFkh] viuh FkhA---'kk;n fo"k;karj gks jgk FkkA exj cPpu esjs ftl lkfgfR;deksM+] esjs ¯gnh osQ iqul±Ldkj osQ izeq[k dkj.k cus] eSa mldks ;gk¡ oqQN Li"Vdjuk pkgrk gw¡A ,d ckj igys Hkh lu~*33 esa izhfo;l dk bfErgku fn, fcukgh ;wfuo£lVh NksM+dj tk pqdk Fkk] exj rc rd oqQN jpuk,¡ ^ljLorh* vkSj^pk¡n* esa Ni pqdh Fkha vkSj cPpu us ^vH;qn;* esa izdkf'kr esjs ,d lkWusV dksilan fd;k Fkk vkSj dgk Fkk fd okLro esa ;g [kkfyl lkWusV gS (;|fi eq>smuls erHksn gS)A cgjgkyA---rks] lu~*37 esa Hkk"kk ;kuh ¯gnh eq>ls NwV&lh pqdhFkhA vfHkO;fDr dk ekè;e (ek=k vkSj lnSo ,dkarr% vius fy,) ;k rks vaxzs”kh Fkk(vI+kQlksl) ;k mnwZ x”kyA gk¡] vkt ,d ckr osQ fy, eSa vius iNk¡gh] lh/sss&lknstkV ifjokj vkSj vius cpiu osQ ;qx dks /U;okn nsrk g¡w fd fdlh Hkk"kk dksysdj dHkh dksbZ nhokj esjs pkjksa rjI+kQ [kM+h u gks ldh tks esjs ân; ;k efLr"ddks ?ksj ysrhA vI+kQlksl bruk gh gS fd eSa tedj dksbZ lk/uk Hkk"kk ;k f'kYi dhugha dj ldkA

¯gnh us D;ksa eq>s ml le; viuh vksj [khapk] bldk Li"V dkj.k rks esjhpsruk esa fujkyk vkSj iar Fks] muls izkIr laLdkj vkSj bykgkckn&izokl vkSjbykgkckn osQ ¯gnh lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k esa fe=kksa ls feyus okyk izksRlkguA vkSj¯gnh vkt Hkh viuh vksj [khaprh gS] ckotwn de ls de eq> tSlkas dksnq[kh vkSj fojDr djus okys vius ladh.kZ] lkaiznkf;d okrkoj.k osQA

1- laca/] fj'rk•

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56 Ñfrdk

(cPpu bl okrkoj.k dks vkt enkZukokj >sy gh ugha jgs gSa] viuh dfork esamPp ?kks"k ls ckj&ckj crk Hkh jgs gSa fd ;g okrkoj.k fdlh Hkh tkfr osQlkaLÑfrd bfrgkl esa oSQlh ghu&laoqQfpr eu%fLFkfr dk |ksrd gksrk gS!)

exj lu~*37 esa esjk gky ;g Fkk] tSls eSa fiQj ls rSjuk lh[k jgk gw¡µrhu lkyksaesa cgqr oqQN Hkqyk pqdus osQ cknA esjh var'psruk dk ;gh Loj Fkk fd cPpu 'kk;neq>s blhfy, bykgkckn yk, gSaA og eSnku esa mrj pqosQ gSa---cl ”kjk vkfFkZd :ils fuf'apr gks tkus dh nsj gS] cgqr ls cgqr ,d lkyA---vkSj eq>s Hkh eSnku esamrjuk gS_ vius rkSj ijA---eq>s Hkh dej dl ysuh gSA ;gh Hkkoek=k esjs eu esa Li"VFkk vkSj eq[;A vkSj dksbZ Hkko ughaA

eq>s ;kn gS fd cPpu us ,d u, LVSa”kk1 dk izdkj eq>s crk;k Fkk] 14 iafDr;k¡](lkWusV ugha!) vkSj rqdksa dk izHkkodkjh foU;kl2] chp&chp dh vusd iafDr;k¡vrqdkar! eq>s cgqqr vkd"kZd yxk Fkk og ^izdkj*A eSaus rch;r ij ”kksj Mkydjml ^izdkj* esa ,d jpuk dh FkhA (cPpu dks ugha ekyweA ekywe fdlh dks HkhughaA D;ksafd dHkh Nih ughaA) cPpu osQ fy, rks og dfork dk ,d can Fkk]esjs fy, og ,d can iwjh dfork gks xbZA exj eSaus tks fy[kk og oLrqr% lkWusVls vyx :i u ys ldk! (cPpu us rc rd ml vius uohu I+kQkeZ esa dksbZdfork u jph FkhA) [kSj---

cPpu osQ ^fu'kk&fuea=k.k* dh dforkvksa osQ :i&izdkj us Hkh eq>s vkÑ"Vfd;kA eSaus oqQN dfork,¡ ml izdkj esa fy[kus dh dksf'k'k dh] exj eq>s cgqreqf'dy tku iM+kA ukS iafDr;k¡] rhu LVSa”kkA izk;% lHkh dfo ml Nan esa fy[kjgs FksA eq>ls ugha pykA vxpsZ oqQN iafDr;k¡ bl vH;kl esa 'kk;n cqjh ughamrjhaA ^fu'kk&fuea=k.k osQ dfo osQ izfr* esjh ,d dfork] ftl ij iar th osQoqQN la'kks/u Hkh gSaA (^:ikHk*&dky esa fd, gq,)A esjs ikl vkt Hkh] vizdkf'kr]lqjf{kr gSaA mldk Hkh cPpu dks irk ugha!

1- LFkk;h ;k Vsd dks NksM+dj xhr dk pj.k ;k varjk 2- O;ofLFkr djuk] ltkuk•

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fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh esa vk;k 57

eSa vius dkslZ dh vksj è;ku ugha ns jgk FkkA blls cPpu dks {kksHk1 FkkA vr%esjs eu esa Hkh ,d LFkk;h ladkspA [kSjA---nks lky iwjs djosQ] vkf[kj I+kQkbuy dkbfErgku eSaus fiQj Hkh ugha gh fn;kA cPpu osQ lkFk ,d dfo&lEesyu esa Hkh eSamlh lky x;k FkkA 'kk;n xksj[kiqjA

eSaus ns[kk fd dfork esa esjk u;k vH;kl fujFkZd ugha x;k_ ^ljLorh* esaNih ,d dfork us fujkyk th dk è;ku vkÑ"V fd;k_ oqQN fuca/ Hkh eSausfy[ksA ^:ikHk* vkfI+kQl esa izkjafHkd izf'k{k.k ysdj eSa cukjl ̂ gal* dk;kZy; dh^dgkuh* esa pyk x;kA fu'p; gh ̄ gnh osQ lkfgfR;d izkax.k esa cPpu eq>s ?klhVyk, FksA

vkt eSa Li"V ns[krk gw¡ fd esjs thou osQ bl Hkjiwj vkSj oSQls vkdfLedeksM+ osQ ihNs cPpu dh og ekSu&ltx&izfrHkk jgh gS tks nwljksa dks u;k izkfrHk2

thou nsus dh uSlfxZd3 {kerk j[krh gSA cPpu ls eSa ges'kk gh izk;% nwj gh nwjjgrk vk;k gw¡A ;|fi nwj vkSj u”knhd dh esjh viuh ifjHkk"kk gSA (vkSj ftuosQeSa vdlj cgqr ^u”knhd* jgrk vk;k] D;k muls cgqr nwj ugha jgk\) cgqr&lhvuqifLFkr ph”ksa esjs fy, mifLFkr gh osQ leku gSa vkSj mifLFkr vuqifLFkr osQAvkSj eSa cgqr ^u”knhd vkus*] cgqr feyus&tqyus] fp_h&i=kh vkfn esa fo'okl ughadjrkA cPPku blhfy, esjs dkI+kQh djhc jgs gSa exj csfldyh mlh rjg tSls ,d^dfo* viuh jpuk osQ ekè;e ls vius djhc jgrk gS] vius lkFk jgrk gS]ftlls ge dHkh ugha feyrs ;k fey ldrsµ;qxksa dk O;o/ku gksus osQ dkj.kA ;s;qx ,d gh txg izLrqr Hkh gks ldrs gSaA vr% feyus ;k u feyus dk dksbZ vFkZugha cSBrkA---blh rjg cPpu vius O;fDrRo esa (ftls oqQy feykdj eSa mudhJs"B ls Js"B dfork ls Hkh cM+k vk¡drk gw¡ ) cgqrksa dh rjg] esjs Hkh u”knhd gSavkSj ;g ,d fcyoqQy lgt vkSj lkekU; vkSj LokHkkfod gh ckr gSA bldklgt] LokHkkfod vkSj lkekU; gksuk eq>s vPNk yxrk gSA eq>s cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA

1- valrks"k] O;koqQyrk] nq[k 2- izfrHkk ls ;qDr 3- lgt] LokHkkfod•

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58 Ñfrdk

(D;ksafd og eq>s viuh txg ij eqDr Hkh j[krk gSA) esjk vuqeku gS fd vkSjHkh lSdM+ksa O;fDr;ksa dks ,slk gh vuqHko gqvk gksxkA vuqeku gh D;ksa eq>dks ekywegS fd gqvk gSA eSa vius bl vuqHko dks fof'k"V ;k fo'ks"k ugha ekurkA oLrqr%,slk oqQN fof'k"V ;k fo'ks"k nqfu;k esa ugha gqvk djrkA cPpu tSls yksx Hkhnqfu;k esa gqvk djrs gSa vkSj og ges'kk gh ,sls gksrs gSaA vlk/kj.k dgdj eSamudh e;kZnk de ugha djuk pkgrkA exj ;g lk/kj.k vkSj lgt izk;% nq"izkI;1

Hkh gSA ckr vtc gS] exj lp gSA

iz'u&vH;kl

1- og ,slh dkSu lh ckr jgh gksxh ftlus ys[kd dks fnYyh tkus osQ fy, ckè; dj fn;k\

2- ys[kd dks vaxzs”kh esa dfork fy[kus dk vI+kQlksl D;ksa jgk gksxk\

3- viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k, fd cPpu us ys[kd osQ fy, ^uksV* esa D;k fy[kk gksxk\

4- ys[kd us cPpu osQ O;fDrRo osQ fdu&fdu :iksa dks mHkkjk gS\

5- cPpu osQ vfrfjDr ys[kd dks vU; fdu yksxksa dk rFkk fdl izdkj dk lg;ksx feyk\

6- ys[kd osQ ¯gnh ys[ku esa dne j[kus dk Øekuqlkj o.kZu dhft,A

7- ys[kd us vius thou esa ftu dfBukb;ksa dks >syk gS] muosQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A

1- ftldk feyuk dfBu gks•

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ys[kd&ifjp;

izfl¼ dFkkdkj iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq dk tUexk¡o vkSjkgh ¯gxuk (f”kyk iwf.kZ;k] fcgkj) esagqvk vkSj LowQyh f'k{kk usiky esaA lu~ 1942osQ vk”kknh osQ vkanksyu osQ izeq[k lsukuh jgs

js.kq us usiky dh l'kL=k Økafr vkSj jktuhfr eas Hkh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dhAvkapfyd dFkkdkj osQ :i esa fo[;kr js.kq us xzkeh.k thou dk xgu

jkxkRed vkSj jle; fp=k [khapk gSA viuh fof'k"V Hkk"kk&'kSyh }kjk mUgksaus ¯gnhdFkk&lkfgR; dks u;k vk;ke fn;kA

izeq[k o`Qfr;k¡µeSyk vk¡py] ijrh ifjdFkk] fdrus pkSjkgs (miU;kl)_Bqejh] vkfne jkf=k dh egd] vfxu[kksj (dgkuh&laxzg)_ Í.kty&èkuty]usikyh Økafr dFkk (fjiksrkZt)A

ledkyhu ¯gnh dFkk&lkfgR; dh egÙoiw.kZgLrk{kj e`nqyk xxZ dk tUe dksydkrk esagqvkA mUgksaus fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,-(vFkZ'kkL=k) fd;kA Hkkjr osQ fofHkUu 'kgjksa esa

jgus osQ ckn lu~ 1974 ls fnYyh esa jgdj Lora=k ys[kuA dFkk&lkfgR; osQ vykokmUgksaus vius le; vkSj lekt dh leL;kvksa ij oSpkfjd fucaèk Hkh fy[ks gSaA e`nqykxxZ us dF; vkSj f'kYi nksuksa Lrjksa ij x|&ys[ku dh izpfyr ifjikVh dks rksM+k gSA

iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq(lu~ 1921&1977)

e`nqyk xxZ(tUe lu~ 1938)www.sc

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60 Ñfrdk

izeq[k Ñfr;k¡µmlosQ fgLls dh èkwi] vfuR;] fpÙkdkscjk] dBxqykc(miU;kl)_ laxfr&folaxfr (nks [kaMksa esa laiw.kZ dgkfu;k¡)_ jax&<ax] pqdrsugha loky (fucaèk&laxzg)A

lqifjfpr ukVddkj txnh'k panz ekFkqj dktUe [kqtkZ (mÙkj izns'k) esa gqvk vkSj f'k{kkbykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; lsA cpiu ls ghukVdksa esa #fp gksus osQ dkj.k LowQy] dkWyst

osQ lkaLÑfrd mRloksa esa ukV~; ys[ku] funsZ'ku vkSj vfHku; djrs jgsA vkxspydj ;gh 'kkSd l`tu esas ifjf.kr gks x;kA

txnh'k paæ ekFkqj osQ ukVdksa esa fofoèkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld ukVdksa osQlkFk&lkFk mUgksaus lkekftd leL;kvksa ls tqM+s ,dkadh&ukVd fy[ks gSaA muosQoqQN O;aX; izèkku ,dkadh pfpZr jgs gSaA

izeq[k Ñfr;k¡µdks.kkoZQ] n'kjFk uanu] 'kkjnh;k] igyk jktk (ukVd)_Hkksj dk rkjk] vks esjs lius (,dkadh&laxzg)A

lelkef;d dFkk&ys[kd fo|klkxjukSfV;ky dk tUe ekyh nsoy xk¡o (fVgjhx<+oky] mÙkjkapy) esa gqvk vkSj mPpf'k{kk okjk.klh lsA

igkM+h thou fo'ks"kdj fVgjh x<+oky osQ thou&;FkkFkZ osQ oqQ'ky fprsjsukSfV;ky th dh dFkk&Hkk"kk esa fe^h dh lkSaèkh xaèk jph&clh gSA

txnh'k paæ ekFkqj(lu~ 1917&1978)

fo|klkxj ukSfV;ky(tUe lu~ 1933)www.sc

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fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh esa vk;k 61

izeq[k Ñfr;k¡µfVgjh dh dgkfu;k¡] lqPph Mksj (dgkuh&laxzg)_ my>sfj'rs] che vosQyh] lwjt lcdk gS] mÙkj ck;k¡ gS] >qaM ls fcNqM+k (miU;kl)_eksgu xkrk tk,xk (vkRedF;)A

Lokra=;ksÙkj ¯gnh dfork osQ izeq[k dfo'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg dk tUe nsgjknwu(mÙkjkapy) esa gqvk vkSj f'k{kk nsgjknwu ,oabykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; lsA izfl¼ fp=kdkj

mdhy&caèkqvksa ls mUgksaus dyk&izf'k{k.k fy;kAvuwBs dkO;&¯ccksa dk l`tu djus okys 'ke'ksj osQoy vlkèkkj.k dfo gh

ugha] ,d vuwBs x|&ys[kd Hkh gSaA ̂ nksvkc*] ̂ IykV dk ekspkZ*] tSlh x| jpukvksaosQ ekè;e ls muosQ fof'k"V x|dkj osQ :i dks igpkuk tk ldrk gSA

izeq[k Ñfr;k¡µoqQN dfork,¡] oqQN vkSj dfork,¡] pqdk Hkh ugha gw¡ eSa]brus ikl vius] dky rq>ls gksM+ gS esjh (dkO;&laxzg)_ oqQN x| jpuk,¡]oqQN vkSj x| jpuk,¡ (x|&laxzg)A

'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg(lu~ 1911&1993)

'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg(lu~ 1911&1993)

ys[kd&ifjp;

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