æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

1

:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] b"O{ jif{ k'/f u/L t];|f] jif{ k|j]z ;u} xfd|f] ufpFkflnsfsf]rf}yf] ufpF;efdf h'6L/x]sf 5f} . o; u/Ldfdo ufpF;efdf pk:yLt ;Dk'0f{ hgk|ltgLwL Jofj:yfkLsf;fyLx? , sd{rf/L , kqsf/ /]l8of] dfkm{t k|ToIf k|;f/0f ;'gL/xg' ePsf ;Dk'0f{ cfdfa'jf bfh'efO{ tyflblbjlxgLx? o; rf}yf] ufpF;efdf oxfx? ;j}nfO{ :jfut ug{ kfpbf c;fWo} uf}/j nfuL/x]sf] 5 . :jfutug{ rfxfG5' . o; If0fdf kl/jt{gsf] cfhsf] of] prfO{df k'¥ofpgsf lgDtL cfˆgf] Hofgsf] jnLbfgLlbg'x'g] dxfg zlxbx? k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ug{ rfxfG5' . lj5f]8sf] lk8fn] 56k6Lg' ePsf kl/jf/hgx?df xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5' . ;fy} 3fO{t] ckfË of]4f x?df ;Ddfg ug{ rfxfG5' . tkfOx?sf]PsPs yf]kf /ut / kl;gf sf] pRr d'Nofª\sg ub}{ jnLbfgsf] s[tLn]g} cfhsf] of] /fHo Jofj:yf k/Ljt{tug{ ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o;sf] hudf ltg txsf ;/sf/ kl/rfnLt / sfod ePsf5g .

k/fk'j{ sfnb]vLg} cfˆgf] cnu klxrfg af]s]sf] v;fg If]qsf] cfˆg} dxTj 5 . v;fg If]qdf g]kfnLefiffsf] pTktL ePsf] s'/f huhfx]/g} 5 / clxn]sf] g]kfn ;u l;hfdf /fHo ufljPsf] lyPg v; /fHoef/tsf] u8'jfn s'dfp / xfd|f] b]zsf] kfNkf ;Dd km}nLPsf] Oltxf; 5 . g]kfn Plss/0f sf] j]nfaxfb'/ zfxsf] kfnfdf dfq g]kfndf ;dflxt eof] . ljleGg 36gfqmdn] xfd|f] b]zsf] clxn]sf] ef}uf]nLscj:yf sfod /xg afWo eof] . k5L Plss/0f ePsf] / ef}ufnLs ?kn] ljs6 s]Gb|Lo ;Qfsf] s]Gb|sf7df8f} b]lv 6f9f x'bf ;Qf ;+rfngsf] k|s[ofdf ;f}tLgL Jofjxf/ u/Lof] . cyft{ ;Dkbfsf] vfgL k|fs[tLs;'Gb/tf af]s]sf] of] If]q ljsf; / lzIffsf] lx;fjn] k5f8L kf/Lof] . oxL sf/0f cfh dfgj ;'rfÍsflx;fjn] xfdL sof}+ jif{ k5L g} 5f} . ;fjLssf] s0ff{nL , e]/L /fKtLsf s]xL lhNnf ldnfO{ ag]sf] s0ff{nLk|b]z leq /x]sf] sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf] ;fljs /fDgfsf]6 , gfgLsf]6 / abfnsf]6 uf=lj=;= sf ! / @ g++= j8fjfx]s c? ;j} xfn krfnem/gf jf6 kl/rLt x'g k'Uof] .

h'Dnfsf] l;hf /fHo ;u hf]8LPsf] sflnsf]6 knftf b/fdf kl/rLt of] If]q b]z} e/L sfod ePsf:yfgLo txsf] ;'rLdf cnUu} klxrfg ;lxt krfnem/gf ePsf]5 .

#*! ld6/ cUnf] em/gf -krfnem/gfsf] gfdsjf6 ufpFkflnsfsf] gfdfs/0f x'g' cfkm}df uf}/j /cnUu} klxrfg ;lxtsf] ufpFkflnsf ePsf]5 .

k|fs[tLs ;'Gb/tfn] e/LPsf] of] ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf] # g=kf= / ^ uf=kf= dWosf] PsufpFkflnsf xf] . oxf t/fOdf x'g] ;'Gtnf , s]/f , cfk b]vL lxdfnsf :ofp cf]v/ ;Dd kmN5 . lxdfnsf]kmfk/ lrgf] b]vL t/fO{sf] wfg kmN5 . km/fsLnf n]sfnL kf6g 3f;] d}bfg kfvf kv]/f ufpj:tL s0ff{nLsf]lsgf/} lsgf/df /x]sf ju/] j:tL t/fO{ h:tf] df};d ljrdf ufpFx?df kxf8L pTkfbg / dfyL lz/dfn]sfnL e'dL5 . ;dod} ;+/If0f k|aGwg ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ ;Sof} eg] oxfsf] jg k}bfjf/ , jg h+unh8La'6L cfocfh{gsf] d'Vo >f]t jGg ;S5 . nf]kpGd'v hgfj/ d[u /]8kf08f , ;j}vfnsf d[u r/fr'?ËL8fFkm] s:t'/L cfbLsf] jf;:yfg g} dfGg ;lsG5 . s0ff{nL gbLn] b'O{ lsgf/fdf RoftLosf] of] e'uf]ndfcj:yLt 5f} .

wfdL{s lx;fjn] jx';+Vos ;d'bfo lxGb' wd{df g} cf:yfjfg 5g . cGo wd{df 5'6km'6 ;d'bfo s]xLePkgL clwsf+; b]jL b]ptf dfGg] , lxGb' k|/Dk/f cg';f/df wfdL{s ;+:s[tLs k|/Dk/fdf /x]sf] 5 . x/]s j8f/ ufpdf cf–cfˆgf b]jtfx?sf] k'hf ug]{ / ljZjf; ug]{ rng /x]sf] 5 . wfdL{s ;f+:s[tLs ?kn] /fd|fg/fd|f sfo{ ljjfx , jt{jGw g'jf/0f, sfhls/Lof ?4L k'hf / 5}6L cfbL lxGb' k|rngdf cfwf/Lt 5g .

j;f]jf;sf lx;fjn] jfx'g, 7s'/L , If]qL, blnt j:tLx? Ps cfk;df k/fk'j{ sfnb]vL g} ldn]/j:g'n] of] ufpFkflnsf cToGt} ;'Gb/ dfgj j:tLsf] ?kdf kl/rLt 5 . @#(^ 3/w'/L ePsf] o; ufpFkflndf&^(# dlxnf / &&(% k'?if u/L hDdf !%$** hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 .

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

2

s'n If]qkmn !^^=(@ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ e'–efudf km}nLPsf] of] ufpFkflnsf k'j{df knftf klZrddf/f:sf]6 pQ/df jfh'/f blIf0fdf vf8frqmn] 3]/LPsf] 5 . ;d'Gb|L ;tx jf6 (&) ld6/ prfO{ /x]sf]ufpFkflnsf ef/tsf] ?kl8of g]kfnu+~h ;'v]{t b}n]v sflnsf]6 jfh'/f x'b} ltAjt ;Dd k'Ug s0ff{nL s/L8f]/xfd|f] ufpFkflnsfsf] ljrefudf l5rf]Nb} uPsf] 5 . oxf #*! ld6/ cUnf] krfnem/gf ;fy} cGo y'k|}ko{6sLo :yfgx? 5g .

r'nL, k'u , gf}d'n] , 8ª\;Ln] lqj]0fL j8\8fb'g krfnem/gf , k+u]nLrf}/ sfkmn8f8f ef/kf6f jf8fkfvf pgLsf]6 b/jf/ , j'8fsf]6] b/jf/ 5]8tfn , hns'08 dGbL/ kfu/ kfgL k~rb]jn , bOtsf] t8f]sf6]sf] h:tf bh{gf} ;'Gb/ ko{6sLo :ynx? /x]sfn] of] ufpFkflnsf Ps k|d'v ko{6sLo ufpFkflnsf g} xf]eGg] k|df0fLt ePsf] 5 .

ofjb ;Defjgf / klxrfg af]s]sf] xfd|f] ufpFkflnsf ef}uf]nLs ljs6tf , cUnf gfËf 8f8fsfF8f ,l;rfO{ / vfg]kfgLsf k|z:t d'xfg sf] cefjsf sf/0f ;'Vvf tyf v8]/L u|:t cj:yfdf cfsf; x]/Lls;fgn] wtL{ RofTg' kg]{ 3G6f} nfP/ kfgL lng hfg'kg]{ jfWotf clxn]kgL sfod 5 . s0ff{nL gbLn] of]e'uf]nnfO{ b'O{lt/ RoftLlbg'n] Ps} lt/af6 s]xL Jofj:yLt u/]/ hfp eGg] cj:yf kgL 5}g ofjbr'gf}tLx?sf afjh'b of] ufpFkflnsf sf] ;du| sfo{of]hgf jgfOg] 5 .

cfh :yfgLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] b'O{ jif{ k'/fu/L t];|f] jif{df k|j]z u/]sf 5f} . oxf ;Dd cfpbfy'k|} r'gf}tL / ;Defjgfx?sf] ljrdf cfkm'nfO{ pEofpb} ufpFkfnLsfn] ut;fn jf6 /fvLPsf] # jif]{ nIocg'?k æ ;d[4 krfnem/gf xfd|f] rfxfgf Æ eGg] d'n gf/fdf /x]/ sfo{ ;'?jft u/]sf] of] Ps jif{ uPsf] 5 .of] Ps jif{df eP u/]sf sfd sfjf{xL pknAwL / ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg ;lxt of] jif{sf] ;du| lgtL tyfsfo{Gjog lgdf0f{ u/Losf] 5 .ut jif{sf] ;ldIff

w]/} nfdf] cGt/fn k5L b]zdf 7'nf] ;+3if{ / jlnbfgsf] pknAwLn] cfh b]z ;+l3otf wd{lg/k]Iftf /nf]stfGqLs u0ftGqdf 5 b]zdf ltg txsf ;/sf/x? cf –cfˆgf] sfo{qmd sf] ljsf; u/L cfd ;d'bfosf]uf; , jf; , skf; :jf:Yo lzIff/f]huf/ hghLljsfsf ;jfn nufot eP u/]sf sfd sfjf{xL jf6 ;d:of/ pknAwLx?sf] lzIff lnb} efjL of]hgf jgfpg' kb{5 . ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg ub}{ pknAwLsf] /Iff / efjLof]hgfdf a9\g' kb{5 .pknAwLx?ut ;fn c;f/df ufpF;ef ;DkGg ;u} ;du| sfo{qmdsf] Jofj:yLt sfo{of]hgf df ;do tfnLsf g} lgdf0f{u/L sfo{sf] yfngL eof] . xfdLn] of] jif{jf6 ;'?jft u/]sf] # aif{ sfo{of]hgf cg'?k æ ;d[4 krfnem/gf –xfd|f] rfxfgf Æ eGg] gf/fnfO{ ;fy{s jgfpg of] ;'?jftsf] jif{ x'g'n] x/]s sfo{sf] yfngL ePsf] 5 of] jif{c;fWo} kl/0ffdd'vL / pknAwL k'0f{ g} /Xof] lzIff , :jf:Yo , b]vL cGo ljefuLo sfo{x? ;DkGg ePsf5gef}tLs ljsf; k'jf{wf/ / cGo sfdsf ;fy d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] krfnem/gf nfO{ :yfkLt ug{ /sfod u/fpg] ;jfndf ko{6g dGqfno dfkm{t b]z e/LPsf !)) uGtJof ^$ cf} gDa/df krfnmem/gf kg{;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;j} eGbf 7'nf] / dxTjk'0f{ pknAwL xf] ;fy} cGo sfd sfjf{xLx? klg ;DkGg ePsf 5g. j'bfut ?kdf /fVg rfxG5' .

;j}eGbf r'gf}tLsf ?kdf /x]sf] krfnem/gf nfO{ ko{6g dGqfno dfkm{t ko{6g jf]8{df sfodu/fpg] s'/fn] cf}krf/Lstf k|bfg ePsf] 5 . ko{6g kGqfno dfkm{t b]ze/Lsf;of} uGtJodf ^$ cf} gDa/df kg{ ;kmn krfnem/gf of] klxnf] pknAwL xf] .

of] jif{df x/]s j8f :t/Lo ;fj{hgLs ;'g'jfO{ b'O{k6s ;kGg eP h;n] ljut b]vL of]hgfdfePsf cgLoldttf / of] ljrdf ;]jf ;+~rfngsf ;jfndf j8f :t/sf ;d:of x?sf] klxrfg

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

3

;lxt gof 9Ën] cuf8L a9\g] k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/LPsf] 5 .

;8s lj:tf/ ;DaGwdf /flvPsf nIo x? k'/f ePsf 5g . 6«ofs cf]kg ug]{ sfo{ ;kGg ePsf]5 . cj o;sf] lj:tf/ :t/ pGgtL d'Vo b]vLPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] of] jif{ leqd} ;j} j8fx?df ;8slj:tf/ ;DkGg u/L ;sLg]5 .

:jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ Wofg lbb} ufpFkflnsf e/Lsf ^ j6f j8fdf :jf:Yo sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL ;[hgfu/L ^ j6f :jf:Yo OsfO{ :yfkgf ePsf] 5 eg] hf/sf]6sf] :jf:Yo rf}sL nfO{ !% cf} z}of / @$3G6];]jfdf ;'rf? u/Losf] 5 .

;d'bfodf dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ Wofg lbb}===============ldlt df dlxnf /f]u ljz]if1fnfO{ @lbg :jf:YolzjL/ ;+rfng u/Lof] h:n] kf7]3/ v;]sf !% hgfdlxnfx?sf] ck|];g ;d]t ePsf] 5 .

To;}ul/ =============ldlt df s0ff{nL k|b]z c:ktfn sf 8fS6/ 8Da/ v8\sf / afn /f]u ljz]if1gd/fh s=];L sf] pk:yLltdf @ lbg] j[xt :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;+rfngeof] . h'g lzlj/n] oFxfsf ;d|ulj/fdL / vf; ul/ jfn jRrfx?df b]lvg] /f]usf] klxrfg eof] .

s[lif{sf sfdnfO{ Joj:yLt ub}{ kfnLsfdf =============== lbg] df6f] kl/If0f ;DkGgeof] .

cGonlIftju{n] cfTdlge{/ aGg] p2]Zo ;lxt lznfO—s6fO{ b]lv cGotfnLd ;+rfng eO{/x]sf 5g\.

vfg] kfgLsf] cefjnfO{ dWogh/ u/L kfnLsfjf6 ;+rfnLt cfof]hgf cGtLd r/0fdf k'u]sf5g eg]k|b]z ;/sf/ dGqLkl/ifb n] of] jif{ $ j6f j8fx? k|fljlws d'NofÍg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 jfsL k|ls[ofo;} jif{ cuf8L j9\g] cj:yf 5 .

j[xt vfnsf cfof]hgfx?df k|b]z ;/sf/ dfkm{t / ;fgf cfof]hgfdf kflnsf :y/ jf6} sfdsf/jflx ltj| ?kdf cufl8 j9g'n] sfd sf/jfxLdf ;xhtf k}bf u/LlbPsf] 5 .

oxL jif{sf] ;'?jftd} xfd|f] zflGTf —;'/Iff cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ s >]0fLsf] O{nfsf k|xl/ sfo{fno:yfkgf ePsf] 5 .

z}lIfs If]q of >f]t JolQmsf] lgo'StL ;lxt ;Dk"0f{ sfd cufl8 jl9/x]sf 5g / ;fy} ljifouttfnLd, kfnLsf :y/df ;+rfngx'g] kl/Iffsf] lgoldt lgl/If0f,cg'udg / ;'kl/j]If0f dof{bLt /cg'zf;Lt 9+un] ePsf] n] z}Ifs If]qdf s]xL ;s/fTds ;'wf/sf] cfef; ePsf] 5 .

Gofokflnsf sf] sfdsfjf{xLnfO{ Joj:yLt ug{ $* -* lbg _tfnLd ;+rfng ;DkGg eof] .tfnLdsf] ;kmn sfof{GJog n] x/]s j8f :y/sf d]nldnfk s]Gb|nfO{ cfkm\gf] lhDdfj/L / st{Jojf]wug{ ;xhtf kb}{ eof] .

of] jif{sf] ;'?jftdf / cGtLd r/0fdf lhNnfsf d'Vo /]8Lof]x?sf] pk:yLtLdf kfnLsf e/L;fj{hgLs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg eP h;n] hgk|ltlglw,sd{rf/L nfO{ dfq geO{ cfd ;d'bfox?nfO{OdfGbf/ / st{Jolgi7 aGg / lhDDf]jf/L jf]w u/fO{ lbPsf] 5 .

v]ns'b If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ d'Vo u/L /fi6«ktL /lgª l;N8kfnLsf :t/ jf6 lhNnf ;Ddsf];xeflutfn] krfnem/gf ;j}sf lgDtL rrf{ / 5nkmnsf] d'Vo ljifo jGg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .cGtld tof/Ldf v]nf8L a}gL ;ldk'/f j8] glbdf ju]/ j]kQf x'bf ;Dk"0f{ v]nf8Ldf kg{ uPsf]efjgfnfO{ lk8fsf afjh't kgL ;kmntf xfl;n ePsf] 5 . obL of] 36gf geO{ clu|d hf]; hfu/;fy v]Ng kfPsf] eP cem} pRr ;kmntf xfdLnfO x'g] kSsf lyof] .

x/]s jif{ Ps j8fdf Ps hgfsf] 3/ ljlxgx?sf 3/ lgdf0f{ ug]{ sfo{ cg';f/ gf}=j8fsf !*hgfsf 3/ lgdf0f{ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .

;d:of / r'gf}tL

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

4

klxnf] jif{ l;sfO{ / cg'ej ;dfNg] jif{ lyof] ,of] jif{ ltj| sfo{GJog / ultsf] jif{ jgfpg' kg]{ lyof]. t/ cem} klg s]xL cndn /xL /x] .

s]xL ug{ ;Sg] kfnLsfjf6 ljefuLo hgzStL k/Lk'tL{ u/]kgL ;du|df kfnLsfdf sd{rf/L cefjsfod} /x]sf] 5 / ePsf] zStL kgL bIftf / lgk'0f{tfsf] cefj 5 .

of]hgfx? 3gLe't x'bfx'b}{ ;+3, k|b]z / kflnsfljrsf s]xL ;dGJo / k|s[of cufl8 j9fpg] cefjsfsf/0f s]xLcGof]ontf kb}{ u/fof],h;sf/0f eg] htL sfo{Gjog ug{ ;lsPg .

pkef]Qmf lgdf0f{ k|ls[of lhDd]jf/L lng]df k|lt:kwf{ t/ sfof{Gjog k|ls[ofx?df ultlxg tfsfod}5 .

of]hgf lgdf0f{ / jh]6 ljlgof]hLt ug{ htL ;lqmotf b]lvG5 , sfo{Gjog / cg'udgsf] k|ls[ofpbfzLGgtf cfh ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

ljefuLo ?kn] ;du| sfdx? cuf8L eGbf kflnsfn] lbPsf] cg'bfg jh]6df dfq Wofg lbg] / ;;qcg'bfgsf] jh]6 sfo{Gjogdf Wofg lbg] g;Sg] ;d:o b]vf k¥of] .

kflnsfe/L ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ :yfkLt ePsf] 5 . klxn] p7]sf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ uDeL/tfsf ;fylng] / xn ub}{ cuf8L j9\g] eGbf To; kl5 kxn g} gu/L j]jf/L;] 5f]8\bf jf/Djf/ pxL s'/fbf]xf]l/G5g . stLko j8f :t/af6 u}/lhDjf/ kg b]vfk¥of] h;n] kflnsf klt{ g} cljZjf; u/LlbPsf] 5 .

Kfflnsfdf xfdL k|ltlgwLx? Ps?ktf . of]hgf 5g}f6 / /sd ljlgof]lt ubf{ cfjZostfsf] klxrgfePsf] 5 . t/ klg sltko j]nf cGt{lj/f]w ;[hgf Nofpg] ljvG8g Nofpg] p2]Zo ;lxt j/Lkf/LtndfyL ;fljssf] uf=lj=;=sf efjgf s]Gb|Lt ug]{ / cGt/ lj/f]w ;[hgf u/fpg] cj:yfcfpg]u/]sf] 5 .

efjLsfo{qmd

sfnLsf]6 lhNnfsf] dfqge} s0ff{nLk|b]z / b]zs} uf}/j khfnem/gf Ps cfkm}df of] ufFpkfnLsf Psko{6sLo ufFpkflnsf xf] . oxfF ljsf; ,lgsf; . cfly{s cfo cfh{gsf] ;f]t| eg]s} ko{6g ,h8Lj'6L ,lu§L,jfn'jf,/ 9'ËfnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s] k|r'/ ;Defjgf jf]s]sf] 5 . o;sf] ljsf; lj:tf/ / Joj:yLt ug]{ sof}r'gf}tLx? 5g ef}uf}lns ljs6tf ,;'Vvf,v8]/L u|:t If]q x'bf rfx]/ klg s]xL sfd sf/jfxL ;f]r] hltk|lqmofcuf8L j9fpg ;lsPsf] 5}gf . ;j}lt/sf sfd sf/jfxL rfx]/ klg Ps} rf]6Lug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}gf .ljsf;sf k'jf{wf/x? x/]s j8fdf ljs]lGb|t ?kd} k'/f ug'{ kg}{ hl6ntf 5g . y'k|} ;d:of jfjh't xfd|f]ufpFklnsfn] /flvPsf] # jif{] nIo k'/f ug{{] klxnf] lhDjf/L xf] ;d[4 ktfnem/gf xfd|f] rfdxgf nfO{uGtJo jfgfO{ ;d|u sfd sf/jfxL s]lGb|tug{' kb{5 .r'g}tLx?;+u v]Ng] cefj / ;d:ofx? jf6 ;dfwfgvf]h\g] ljwL cg'?k ;d|u of]hgf lgdf0f{ ug{' kb{5 .

-!_ cfly{s ljsf; ;DjGw

ufpFkflnsf cfly{s ?kn] cfTdlge{/ ge} ;'Gb/ ;d[4 ufpFklnsf x'g ;Sb}g . cfly{s ljsf;sf] a[l4 g}oxfFsf] ;d[4Lxf] . To;sf] nfuL oxfFsf >f]t ;fwgx?sf] vf]hL u/L kl/rfng u/Lg' kb{5 . lzk d'nsnB'pBd h:tf sfo{qmnfO{ cuf8L j9fpb} Joj;flos ?kn] ks]6 If]q s} ?kdf ljsf; u/L kmnkm'n tyft/sf/L v]tL ,kz'kfng,cfw'lgs ?kn] ug{ h?/L 5 . ;+3 ;+:yfsf dfWodjf6 s[lif{ jgjftfj/0f tyfnB'pBdsf sfo{qmd kflnsfsf] lgu/fgL ;DjGo / ;xsfo{ Jofks ug{ h?/L 5 .

klxnf] k|fyfldstf krfnem/gf / ko{6gsf] ljsf;n] g} d"Vo cfo >f]t jgfpg cem} klgJofks

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

5

k|rf/ k|;f/sf ;fy} Joj:yLt k'jf{wf/ ;lxtsf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5

krfnem/gf 5'6} u'?of]hgfjgfO{ Joj:yLt ?kn] ljsf; ul/g] 5 .

s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f s[lifsnfO{ cfTdflge{/ dfq xf]Og >dk|lt ;Ddfg ug]{sfo{qmsf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 .

s[lif jg jftfj/0f nB' pwf]dsf sfo{nfO{ Jofj:yLt ug{ ;+3 ;+:yfsf dfWofd jf6 ;dfh ?kfGt// cfo cfh{g j[4Lsf] sfo{qmdf NofOg]5 .

hUuf hldg hyf efjL x8kL /fVg] / jgkm8fgL u/L cltqmd ug]{ l;:6dnfO{ sfg'gL k|s[ofdf lnO{lg?T;flxt jgfOg] 5 .

k|b]z ;/sf/ 4f/f nfu' ul/Psf] kz'kfng nfO{ Joj:yLt u/L df;'df cfTdlge{/ kflnsf lgdf0f{ug{ nuLg] 5 . e]8fjfv|f kfngnfO{ ljif]z hf]8 lbO{g]5 .

-@_ ;fdflhs ljsf; ;DjGwL

cfhsf] o; @! cf} ztfJbLsf] j}1flgs / sDKo'6/ sf] o'udf dfgjn] l;dLt >f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u /kl/rfng ub}{ ;+;f/sf dfG5]x? ;'ljwf ;DkGg lhjg ofkgsf lgDtL ;+3;{/t 5g . jblnbf] ;do qmd;+u}cfkm'nfO{ jbNg ;Sg' ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ kS8b} ljsf; eg]sf] s]jn ef}lts k'jf{wf/ dfqeGbf ;fdflhsljsf; / r]tgfdf jbNg] s'/f d'Voxf] . eGg] s'/f j'emfpb} xfd|f] h:tf] lk5l8Psf] If]q dfgj ;'rfÍsflx;fjn] / cGolzIff , :jf:Yo ,/f]huf/ nufPtsf lx;fjn] xfd|f] b]zs} zx/L Onfsf eGbf !)) cf} jif{ k5L5f} o;y{ lzIffdf kl/jt{g, hftLo ,If]qLo lnÍLo lje]b lj?4sf] ;r]tgf km}nfpb} lgDgsfof{ cuf8L j9fpgh?/L 5 .

ufpFkflnsf e/L :yfkgf ePsf :jf:Yo OsfO{nfO{ >f]t ;fwg / ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf lx;fjn] dema'em/ ;DkGf jgfpb} nuLg] 5 .

kflnsfdf ;'?jft u/LPsf] !% cf} z}of x:kL6nnfO{ ax'jifL{o ?kn] k|b]z x'b} s]Gb| ;Dd of]hgf;lxt b/jGbL ;[hgf u/L Joj:yfkg ug{ dfu u/Lsf] 5

:j+od ;]jL ?kn] :j+od ;]jf u/L /x]sL :jf:Yo :j+od ;]jLsfnfO{ dfl;s Ps xhf/ eQf k|bfgu/Lg] 5 .

;fy} krf; jif{ pd]/ gfu]sL :j+od ;]jLsfnfO{ ljbfO{ ul/g]5 . pSt :yfgdf SEE kf;nfO{/fvLg]5 .

ufpFkflnsfdf z}lIfs ;'wf/ ug]{ pb]Zo cg'?k of] ljrdfeP u/]sf kxn sbdLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

ljBfnosf] ljBfyL{ ;+Vof / lh/f] b/aGbL ePsf ljBfnonfO{ lzIfs cg'bfg /sd a[4L u/Lut;fnaf6 ;'?ul/Psf] b/jGbL ;[hgf of] jif{ yk ;'wf/ Pj+ Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

ljut b]vL 5nkmn rnfpb} cfPsf] lzIfsx?sf] ;?jf k|ls|of sfo{Gjog u/Lg]5 .

ufpFkflnsf e/L z}lIfs cj:yf / ljBfyL{sf] lub|f] cj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbb} nlIft ju{sf] jh]6dfk|fljlws lzIff df lgZlrt sf]6f cWofkg / nf]s ;]jfcfof]usf] 6\o';gsf lglDt SEE df ;]s]G8l8lehg eGbf dfyL glthf ePsf ljBfyL{ nfO{ k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ 5gf]6 u/Lg]5 . k9g] k9fOg]Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ul/Psf] nufgL adf]lhd lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ g;Sg]n] nufgL lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5.

k|To]s j8fdf ;fd'bfoLs l;sfO{ s]Gb| o;} cf=j= jf6 ;~rfng u/Lg]5 .

o;} jif{df ufpFkflnsf e/L k'0f{ ?kdf ;fIf/tf 3f]if0ff u/Lg]5 .

lgZrt ljBfno nfO{ gd'gf ljBfonosf] ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ c+u|]hL efiffsf] dfWod jf6 k9fO{ ug]{

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

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6

k|]l/t ul/g] 5 .

dof{lbt ;dfh lgdf0f{sf lglDtj8f g+ % sf dlxnfx?n] v]n]sf e'ldsfk|lt{ k|f]T;fx ub}{ ;j} j8fdfsfo{qmd lj:tf/ u/Lg] 5 .

:jf:Yo , lzIff,s[lif,kz', jg jftfj/0f nufPtsf ;Dk'0f{ sfddf ;DjGo ;xsfo{ / gd'gf ?kn]ljsf; ug{' ;+3 ;+:yf ;+u ;xhsfo{ ub} hfg] lgtLnfu' ul/g] 5 .

;f7L jif{ k'u]sf j[4 j4fnfO{ x/]s dlxgfsf] bz ut] 3/d} :jf:Yo sdL{ 4f/f :jf:Yo r]shfr u/Lg]5 .

() jif{ dfyLsf j[4j[4f nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd u/Lg]5 .

ckfË , cgfy afnjfnLsf , zlxb kl/jf/ Psn dlxnf df lgDtL ljif]z sfo{qmddf NofOg]5 .

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ubf{ :jf:Yo sld{sf] ;fydf :jf:Yo r]shfr ;lxt ;/;kmfO{ ePgePsf] x]/ljrf/ u/L ljt/0f u/Lg]5 .

pkef]Qmf ;ldtLsf sfdx?df o'jfx?sf lglZrt l6dx? lgdf{0f u/L kl/rfng u/Lg] lglt jgfO{g]5.

#_ ef}ltsk'jf{wf/

;dfh ?kfGTf/0f / ljsf; lgdf0f{sf] Jojfxf/Ls kf6f] eg]s} ef}ltsk'j{wf/sf] xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] ufFpkflnsfef}uf]lns hl6ntf / ljsf; lgdf0f{sf ;jfnx?df ;fdfGojf6 ;'?jftu/L ;DkGg ug{' kg]{ cj:yfdf 5f} .Ps lsgf/f jf6 ;'?jft ul/Psf] jf6f] csf]{ lsgf/f k'¥ofpg] cj:yf 5}g ;a} j8fx?sf] af6f] 3f6f] , l;rfO{, vfg] kfgL nufotsf sfdx? cGt/ ;DaGwLt / cGo j8f ;+u hf]8LP/ ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . 5'6f 5'6}/ x/]s of]hgfdf s]Gb|Ls[t geO{ ljs]Gb|Ls[t ug'{ kg]{ :yLtLn] ;dod} sfd ;DkGgug{ h6Lntf kb}{ ePsf5g\. o;y{ log} r'gf}lt / hl6ntfx?sf] ljrdf lgDg sfd sfjf{xL ug{ h?/L 5 .

Uffpkflnsf tyf j8f kfnLsfsf] gfddf hUuf gfd;f/L eO;s]sf] :yLtLdf ejg lgdf0f{ sfo{yfngLug{ o;} jif{ jf6kxnul/g] 5 .

:jf:Yo, ljwfno ejg lgdf0f{ lzIffdf zfGTfL dGqfno jf6 lgdf0f{lwg ejgx?sf] cw'/f] sfdnfO{;DkGg u/Lg] 5 .

of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ljut sfo{jLwL lglt tyf sfof{qmd nfu' ub}{ of] jif{jf6 clgjfo{ ?kn] 6]G8/l;:6ddf nuLg]5 .

;fgfltgf kfnLsf eLq 3f]/]6f jf6f lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . ;fy} j[xt jf6f]nfO{ k|b]z ;Dd dfu u/Lg]5 .

ut;fn ;DkGg ;8s x? e'/fju/ x'b} sf]l6nf, e};L;}g , v6tf]nL , nfkmf ,rf}yf, 8f}7] l;s' , n}km',gfgLsf]6 ;Ddsf ;8s :y/ pGgtLsf] k|s[of df cuf8L j9fOg] 5 .

of] jif{sf gofF ;8ssf] ?kdf vo/sf]6 x'b} k0f]Iff s}km'jf6 /fDgfsf]6 / s}km'jf6 afemsf]6 ;8ssf];'?jft u/Lg] 5 .

k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ltvftL{ 7f6L x'b} n}km' hf]8\g] s[lif ;8s sf]6Lnf gfgLsf]6 x'b} n}km' hf]8\g] x'nfuLdfu{ hf/sf]6 jf6 knftf hf]8\g] ;8s lg/Gt/tfsf] dfu u/Lg]5 .

lhDh]8L wdfnL es+ x'b} vfb'{ , bfuf x'b} afFemsf]6 b]vL knftf ;Dd hf]8\g] ;8snfO{ s[lif;8ssf ?kdf j9fO{ lbg k|b]z ;/sf/ ;+u dfu ug]{ .

nfkmf b]vL vfb'{ ;Dd ;'?u/LPsf] ko{6g cGt/utsf] jh]6 jf6 ;8s lgdf{0f k|s[of j9L /x]sfn]o;nfO{ ko{6g dfu{s} ?kdf ljsf; ul/ ef/kf6f x'b} k'u b]vL ltnf u'kmf guf/kflnsfsf] gfUduf8 jhf/ ;Dd hf]8\gsf nfuL k|b]z ;/sf/ dfkm{t dfu u/Lg]5 .

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

7

k+u]nL x'b} a8\8f b'g ;Ddsf] ;8s ko{6g dd{t dfu u/Lg]5 .

k|fljlws cWofog ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf] e};L;}g b]vL do ;Ddsf] lnˆ6 l;rfO{ cfof]hgf / 3f6nfpg]9'Ëf b]vL hf/sf]6sf] ju8 ;Ddsf] lnˆ6 cfof]hgf nfO{ k|s[ofdf n}hfg s]Gb|;/sf/ ;+u dfuul/g]5 .

eft{8L wgLufpF x'b} pafv]t ;Ddsf] lnˆ6 l;rfO{sf] cWofog u/Lg] 5 .

kSsL k"nsf] dfu adf]hLd ;j} k|s[of b]vL cGo sfof{Gjog k|s[ofdf s]xL ;do nfUg] x'gfn]tTsfn @ j6f km]/L ;+rfngsf lgDtL kxn u/Lg]5 .

em'n'Ë] k'nsf] lgdf{0fsf] ;jfndf u/Losf] k|ljwLs cWofog nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] k|s[ofdf olx jif{jf6 Jofjxf/Ls ?kn] ;'?jft ug{ kxn u/Lg]5 .

;+;f/sf] cUnf] k'n krfnem/gfsf] km]bdf aGhL k"n ;lxtsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kxn u/Lg]5 .

laB't jfOl/ªsf lgDtL lhDd]jf/L lnO{ ;s]sf 7]sbf/ dfkm{t jfO{l/ªsf sfd ;DkGg u/L s]Gb|Lok|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgDtL kxn u/Lg]5 .

tNnf] nfkmfuf8 nfO{ l56f] jfGg / dflyNnf]sf] km]/L gof k|s[of ;'? ug{sf nfuL kxn u/Lg]5 .

l;w} eÍ b]lv vfb'{ df nfdf] cUnf] em'n'Ë] k"nsf] ;defJotf cWofog u/Lg]5 .

kSsL k'n lgdf{0f ug{ k|s[of l9nf] x'g] x'gfn] km]/L ;~rfngdf Nofpgsf nfuL cfjZos kxnu/Lg]5 .

-$_ jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Jofj:yfkg jf/]ljr efudf s0ff{nL gbLn] RoftLosf] b'Olt/ s0ff{nL lsgf/ / jf/Lkf/L 8fF8fsf8fn] 3]/Losf] ;'Vvf

v8]/L u|it ufpFkflnsf x'g'n] gfËf 8fF8fsfF8f e'Ifo klx/f] nufotsf y'k|} ljkb hf]vLd ;DaGwL d'Vo;d:of k}bf x'g] u/]sf5g . :jR5 jftfj/0f 3/3/df j[Iff/f]k0f eGg] gf/fsf ;fy kfnLsf e/L jghËnhf]ufO{ cGo ljkb Jofj:yfkgsf] k'j{ tof/L ;lxt cuf8Lj9\g' kb{5 .

jg ljgf; , s6fgL km8fgL / cfunfuL s8fOsf ;fy /f]sLg]5 .

j[Iff /f]k0fnfO{ cgLjfo{ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ?kdf jf]w u/fpb} x/]s j8fn] lglZrt :yfg tf]sL j[Iff /f]k0fltj|?kn] ug'{ k5{

hn pTkGg k|sf]k nufotsf ;jfndf ub}{ cfosf] ljkb Jofj:yfkg dfkm{t sf]ifv8f u/L sfo{Gjogu/Lg]5 .

jf8L klx/f]sf] pRr hf]vLd s0ff{nL lsgf/ hf/sf]6 b]vL eft{8L 3f6;Dd t6jGbsf] nfuL kxnu/Lg]5 ./

vfb'{ v/fk}/f] , rf}sf , vsf]{6 jgRo'/L k}/f] , ;'Ov]t , s'8 k}/f] afemsf]6 ;fNt] klx/f] eP la:v]t l;d, k'5 juf}/f klx/f] , tf]nLle8 klx/f] /f]syfd tyf t6aGw lgdf{0f sf nfuL kxn rfnLg]5 .

jg jftfj/0f df hyfefjL ljgf; k}7f/L /f]Sb} h8Lj'6L nufotsf k|s[ofdf lnP/ dfq lgsf;L k}7f/Lu/Lg] 5 .

xl/of] ufpF lgdf{0f cleofg cGt/ut Ps 3/ Ps lj?jf ufpFdf / x/]s jiff{ l;hgdf kl/jf/df !%lj?jf clgjfo{ ?kdf /f]Kg' kg]{5 . jftfj/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ug{ ;+3 ;+:yf ;u ljif]z ;fem]bf/L tyfsfo{qmd u/Lg]5 .

jftfj/0f ;DaGwL WFP sf] sfo{qmd nfO{ ljif]z 9ª\un] jgjftfj/0f j[Iff /f]k0f / e'If]o ;DaGwLsfsfo{qmd nfO{ ljif]z hf]8 lbOg]5 .

-%_ ;+:yfut ljsf; ;]jf k|jfx M

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

8

xfd|f] lhDd]jf/L cfd ;d'bfosf] zfifs xf]Og ;]js xf] eGg] efjgf nfO{ pRr sfo{Gjog ub}{ lbg/ft;fem ljxfg kfnLsfsf sd{rf/L tyf hgk|ltgLwLsf] ;+o'Q ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf s8fOsf ;fy lhDd]jf/Lk'/f u/Lg]5 . htL ;'s} ef}tLsk'jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/f} t/ ;+:yfut ljsf;nfO{ Jofj:yLt ug{;sLog eg] To;sf] sf]xL cy{ /xb}g . t;y{ lgZjfy{ efjsf ;fy ;]jf k|jfx ub}{ ;Dk'0f{ clen]v;'rgfnfO{ ;ˆ6j]o/df ljsf; u/L ;Dk'0f{ sfo{ u/Lg' kb{5 .

hgk|ltgLwL ;u ePsf] hf]; hfu/ / pT;fxnfO{ sd{rf/L leq ePsf] lg k'0f{tf ;u ldnfg ub}{ Pscsf{nfO{ lng] lbg] l;Sg] / l;sfpg] kl/kf6L{ ljsf; u/Lg'kb{5 .

clxn]sf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txsf clwsf/ nufotsf ;jfndf hgk|ltgLwL / sd{rf/L x?sf]ljrdf tfnLd k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 .

l56f] 5l/tf] ;]jf k|jfxdf Wofg lbb} nuglzn OdfGbf/ / st{Jolgi6 sd{rf/L x?nfO{ ;Ddfg /k|f]T;fxg u/Lg]5 .

x/]s ;/sf/L lgsfodf lbOg] ;/sf/L ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;xh ;]jf k|bfg ug{] u/L Wofg lbOg] 5 .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g nfu' u/Lg]5 .

-^_ ljljw M

of] cjlwdf krfnem/gfsf] Jofj:yLt k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ /]8Lof] , l6eL , kqkqLsf , cgnfOg nfO{;'rgf cfjxfgu/L ;j}eGbf a9L k|rf/ ug]{ b'O{ kqsf/nfO{ ? %)÷%) xhf/ k'/:sf/ k|bfgu/Lg]5 .

hg;'/Iffsf ;jfndf dWogh/ ub}{ ufpF3/ jhf/df x'g] rf]/L , 8s}tL u'G8fubL{ , sfnf]jhf/L ,3';vf]/L hj/h:tL h:tf h3Gg] ck/fw x? lgoGq0f u/Lg] 5 .

v/d'Qm cleofg . l6gsf] 5fgf lbg] . sfo{ nfO{ lg/Gqtfdf j9fO{g] 5 . o;nfO{ ;+3 ;:yf ;fy}k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;DkGg u/Lg]5 .

e]8f jfv|f kfng ug]{nfO{ lbOg] uf]7fn] eQf Jofj:yLt u/Lg]5 .

l;k ljsf; tfnLd j]/f]huf/ x?sf] 3/ klxrfg u/L j]/f]huf/ x?nfO{ l;k k|bfg u/Lg]5 .

hgo'4 sfnLg 3fOt] x?nfO{ lbg ;'? u/Losf] cf};wL pkrf/sf lgDtL ;fdfGo /fxt clxn] kgLlg/Gqtf u/Lg]5 .

lhjg ljdf sfo{qmd cGt/ut hgk|ltgLwLx?sf] lhjg ljdf sfo{qmd nfu' u/Lg]5 .

hgo'4 hgcfGbf]ngsf dxfg zlxbx?sf] ;Demgfdf e'/fju/df jGg nfu]sf] zlxb kfs{ nfO{lg/Gqfdf j9fOg] 5 .

k'0f{ ;/;kmfO{ j8f / dlb/f lgif]lwt j8f lgdf0f{sf lgDtL kxn sbdL lng] j8f / ufpF 6f]nsf;d'bfox?nfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k'?:sf/sf] Jofj:yf u/Lg]5 .

cGtdf dflysf y'k|} r'gf}tL h6Lnsf] x?sf] ljrdf ;Defjgfsf kfOnfx? k5\ofpg] dfu{ sf]/]sf5f} .;lhn} k|fKt s]xL kgL x'b}g . w]/} nfdf] ;dob]vL cefjn] t6\kLosf] o; e'dLdf ;of]un] lhDd]jf/L k|fKtePsf] 5 . ;j}sf ;f]rfO{ a'emfO{x? s]Gb|Ls[t u/L s]xL u/f} l;:6dsf] ljsf; geP ;Dd , yfngLsf] hugj;fo ;Dd htL ;'s} nIo /fv]kgL s]xL x'g] 5}g . t;{y xfdLn] /fv]sf] nIo æ ;d[4 krfnem/gf xfd|f]

æ;d[4 krfn em/gf — xfd|f] rfxfgfÆ

krfn em/gf ufpFkflnsf sflnsf]6lgtL tyf sfo{qmd

@)&^

9

rfxfgfÆ sf] nIo nfO{ Jofjxf/ tx sfo{Gjog ug{ ltj| OR5f zStLsf ;fy s]Gb|Ls[t – Plss[t eP/ dfq;Dej 5 .

æwGofjfb Æ

k|:tf]tfv8\u /fh ;]h'jfn

cWoIf