kristijan krkač, krava na mjesecu, filozofija znanstveno-fantastičnih horor filmova, 2013

7/22/2019 Kristijan Krka, Krava na Mjesecu, Filozofija znanstveno-fantastinih horor filmova, 2013.

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Jrdvd nd Kefsf`uHblozohbed zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnbm moror hblkovd5

Fstftbjd, hblozohbed fko`bed, ontoloibed, fpbstfkoloibed b ftbjd

Jrbstbedn Jrjd

Lbllf/Udirfc, 3747.-3740.


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fstftbjd, hblozohbed fko`bed, ontoloibed, fpbstfkoloibed b ftbjd

Jrbstbedn Jrjd

Sf`fnzfntb Efronbk Cdn, KHD

Nbnd Xuebb, kdi. pmbl.

Wrfaiovor Ao`. ar. s`. Adkbr Kldab

Hotoirdhbef Dzrd Jovdb (nd ndslovnb`b b nd jon`u zdjleujd)

flejd Wonirdb (uz Cblefju o dutoru)

Ildvnb urfanbj Adrjo tduabnifr, kdi. pmbl.

Ndjldanbj Varuid zd prokb`dnef hblozohbef Hblozohbed.ori

Ud ndjldanbjd Kdrjo Corb, kdi pmbl.

Lfjturd Bior Culedn

Sfadjturd Lbabed Uozolb

@opyrbimt 3740 Hblozohbed.oriPvd prdvd prbardnd. Nbef aoputfno nbtb efadn abo ovf jnebif rfproau`brdtb blb abstrbcubrdtb u

cblo joefk oclbju cfz prftmoanoi pbskfnoi oaocrfned ndjldanbjd.

Wbtdned, jokfntdrf, pojuaf b pomvdlf sldtb nd Hd`fcooj dutord.

Jnebid ef aosptupnd nd bntfrnftsjoe strdnb`b P`rbca.

Jontdjt dutord jrbstbdn.jrjd`Gikdbl.`ok

BPCN 29=-260-68718-3-1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Fstftbjd, hblozohbed fko`bed, ontoloibed, fpbstfkoloibed b ftbjd

Jrbstbedn Jrjd

Hblozohbed.ori,Udirfc, 3740.


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z rbtbjoi prfaiovorDjo bkdtf sldco sr`f, nfkoetf btdtb ovu jnebiu. Avd su rdzloid. Wrvb ef tde to

ef ovd jnebid o mororu (zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnok). Aruib ef tde to eu ef

ndpbsdo Jrbstbedn Jrjd. Lbcfrd tf tutfkft fx bnhfrbs.

ao`. ar. s`. Adkbr Kldab

z rf fnzbeQdnjd ef lbnbed joed abeflb bnhorkd`bef o ukeftnbjok aeflu joef ndk pokdu

ad colef smvdtbko to aeflo oa ucbedned drolbef,ubvdned u ukeftnbjok aeflu

zcoi vbjd bnhorkd`bed. btdtflef ovf jnebif flbko oakdm ukbrbtb b zdedkbtbbk ad bk Jrjd nf flb b nff ucbtb drolbeu. Vcbednef drolbef, bronbno, ndeff

sf aoidd nd hblksjbk djdafkbedkd nd joebkd cb stuafntb trfcdlb usvoebtb svd

nund zndned b veftbnf zd stvdrdnef uprdvo toi kdibnoi svbeftd u joeb svb

leucbtfleb hblkd flf ub.

Efronbk Cdn, KHD

Jrjd uspbefvd ndvfstb svoef btdtflef nd to ad zdstdnu b pokbslf5 Vm, nfjf oa

tbm hblkovd nbsko ilfadlb ioabndkd, cd cb bm koilb ponovo poilfadtb. B

svdjdjo to ubnbtf. Woft ftf bm prokdtrdtb bz eo nfjolbjo novbm dspfjdtd zd

joef nbstf nb zndlb ad u nebkd postoef.

Nbnd Xuebb, kdi. pmbl.

(@eflovbtb tfjstovb rf`fnzbed aostupnb su nd jrdeu jnebif.)


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Nd potporb zdmvdleuefko5


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Pdarde

Jrbtbjb prfaiovor5 V strdmu ef vflbjo ojo ... puno zvbefzad (Adkbr Kldab)................... =Wrfaiovor ................................................................................................................................ 44Vvoanfndpokfnf .................................................................................................................. 464. Wrbclbdvd sf hblk ............................................................................................................... 074.4. Hblksjb dnrovb b poa-dnrovb (Bron sjy, Q. Xourfnsold, 3743.) ....................................... 074.3. Undnstvfnd hdntdstbjd b strdvd b uds................................................................................. 094.0. Hblkovb zndnstvfnf hdntdstbjf ........................................................................................... 144.1. Hblkovb strdvf b udsd ........................................................................................................ 163. ufnef, prfaosefde b bfjbvdnef hblozohbed hblkd....................................................... 643.4. Wopuldrnd hblozohbed ........................................................................................................... 643.3. Hblozohbed hblkd b hblksjbm dnrovd .................................................................................... 663.0. Hblozohbed zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnbm hblkovd (Ptdr Qrfj5 Hbrst @ontd`t, E. Hrdjfs, 4228.) . 623.1. Hblozohbed hblkovd strdvf b udsd (Qmf Pmbnbni, P. Jucrb`j, 42=7.) .................................. 830. Bstrdbvdnef, strdm, pdnbjd b sujoc hblkovb b hblozohbed UH/PV dnrd.......................... 890.4. Hblkovb zndnstvfnf hdntdstbjf/strdvf b udsd jdo dnr...................................................... 890.3. Hblozohbed hblkovd zndnstvfnf hdntdstbjf/strdvf b udsd.................................................... 910.0. Opus Advbad @ronfncfrid b Qmf Crooa(4292.) jdo prototbp ........................................... 980.1. Opus Eomnd @drpfntfrd b Qmf Qmbni(42=3.) jdo prototbp ................................................. =31. Wrfbvledvdnef blb unbtfnef sludefvb hblozohbef hblkovd UH/PV dnrd......................... ==1.4. Hblksjb slude B5WrokftfebDlbfn(S. P`ott, 3743. / 4292.) .............................................. 271.3. Hblksjb slude BB5Dlbfn, WrfadtorbDlbfn vs. Wrfadtor hrdnbzf(4292. - 3743.) ............. 4441.0. Hblksjb slude BBB5Fvfnt Morbzon(W. Y. P. Dnafrson, 4229.) ........................................ 4371.1. Hblksjb slude BX5Wdnaoruk(@. Dlvdrt, 3772.) ............................................................. 4381.6. Hblksjb slude X5Adrj @bty(D. Wroyds, 422=.) .............................................................. 4071.8. Hblksjb slude XB5 Qmf Mdppfnbni(K. Nbimt Pmydkdldn, 377=.) .................................. 4081.9. Jrdtjf ndpokfnf uz eo nfjf UH-PV hblkovf (4264. - 3740.) ....................................... 411Udjleunf ndpokfnf ............................................................................................................ 464Cbclboirdhbed b hblkoirdhbed ..................................................................................................... 484Cblefjd o dutoru ..................................................................................................................... 482

Sf`fnzbef ................................................................................................................................ 497


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Bn tmf cfibnnbni tmf Vnbvfrsf wds `rfdtfa. Qmbskdaf d lot oh pfoplf vfry dniry dna mds cffn

wbafly rfidrafa ds d cda kovf. (Aouilds Dadks)

Dll pfrsons, lbvbni dna afda, drf purfly`obn`bafntdl. (Jurt Xonnfiut)

Dlonf. Rfs, tmdt's tmf jfy wora, tmf kost dwhulwora bn tmf Fnilbsm toniuf. Kurafr aofsn't mola d

`dnalf to bt dna mfll bs only d poor synonyk.(Ptfpmfn Jbni)

Affp bnto tmdt adrjnfss pffrbni, loni B stooa tmfrf,wonafrbni, hfdrbni, aouctbni, arfdkbni arfdks no

kortdl fvfr adrfa to arfdk cfhorf. (Faidr DlldnWof)

B mdvf sffn tmf adrj unbvfrsf ydwnbni wmfrf tmfcld`j pldnfts roll wbtmout dbk. Ymfrf tmfy roll bn

tmfbr morror unmffafa, wbtmout jnowlfaif, or lustrf,

or ndkf.(Mowdra Wmbllbps Lovf`rdht)

P`bfn`f hb`tbon plu`js hrok wbtmbn us our affpfsthfdrs dna mopfs tmfn smows tmfk to us bn rouim

absiubsf5 tmf konstfr dna tmf ro`jft. (YystdnMuim Duafn)


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Jrbtbjb prfaiovor5 V strdmu ef vflbjo ojo ... puno zvbefzad (Adkbr Kldab)

Djo bkdtf sldco sr`f, nfkoetf btdtb ovu jnebiu. Avd su rdzloid. Wrvb ef tde to ef ovd jnebid omororu (zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnok). Aruib ef tde to eu ef ndpbsdo Jrbstbedn Jrjd. Lbcfrd tftutfkft fx bnhfrbs.

Woedvd nffi ovdjvoi (hblozohsjf jnebif o zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnok moror hblku), nffiu bsto vrbefkf b uanovdtoi b uaovbnoi, abf josu nd ildvb (dj b sdko zdkblefnf josf u

cfstfbnsjok stdneu) b otbkd nfuenb jrbj u nbefkok svfkbru. Nfto ovdjvo vdk sfprbclbdvd, ndjon nfjoi vrfkfnd dj b prbeftfb prbclbdvd, tf vds vrfcd, ovde put nf s polb`fpunbm jnebid, nfio bz `ycfrsvfkbrd beb stf portdl bz aruif abkfnzbef u bsjufneu otvorbtb svdjbput jda ujleubtf rdundlo. Efand sbtnd poirfjd nd poftju kof aovfstb ao jrded leuasjf vrstfjdjvu pozndefko, blb kutd`beok, blb aocrbk stdrbk dpojdlbptbnbk bstrfclefnefk svfid to efaovoleno ndlbj ovefju.

to ovo aefl`f (oa joebm 467 strdnb`d tfjstd cfz prorfad) nbef? Djo stf ofjbvdlb eoefanu u nbzu jnebid joed ndstoeb populdrbzbrdtb hblozohbeu jorbstfb kotbvf bzhblkovd blb djo stfofjbvdlb strunu jnebiu bz hblkoirdhbef, nfkoetf nb pobnedtb btdtb ovu jnebiu. Ond nbef nb

cfsjrdeno ndjldpdnef o aftdlebkd vdkd ndeardbm hblkovd, nbtb cblo jdjdv voab u zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnf moror hblkovf (bdjo cb sf u trdiovbkdjrvb koad b koilo ndb aostd tdjvbm jorbsnbmuputd zd onf joeb su zdbntfrfsbrdnb zd tde dnr, d nfjb f dj b cbtb zdmvdlnb nd spozndeb ad uopf

postoeb efadn tdjdv dnr).to ef onad ovo aefl`f? Nfkdk poekd4. Dlb koad bkdk aoedk. Koe ndecoleb

oaiovor cb cbo ad ef to nfjd vrstd ndiovord nd hblozohbeu zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnoi moror hblkd.Dutorov okblefnb bzrdz ef dltfrndtbvnd hblozohbed, beb ef `ble potdjnutb b stvorbtb prfauveftfzd dltfrndtbvno tukdfnef UH (zndnstvfno hdntdstbnbm)/PV hblkovd (hblkovd strdvf b udsd).Dutor, jdo b uvbefj, ocodvd jorbstbtb iokblu jrdtb`d u svoebk tfjstovbkd (zduueuf kdloovde put). B puno slbjd b tdclb`d.

V prvok abeflu jnebif dutor rdzildcd o dnrovbkd b poa-dnrovbkd jorbstfb prbtokprbkefr hblkd Bron Pjy. B to tdjo ad sf opbsueu b tukdf rdznb abeflovb hblkd, aoj sf nd jrdeubnb jdo ad dutor flb skefstbtb tde hblk u nfjb dnr. Dlb nf! Nefiovd ef podntd ad ef ...

cfskbslfno ef hblkovf skeftdtb u dnrovf! (str. 07). Ndjon svbm ndedvd o vflbdneu dnrdzndnstvfno-hdntdstbbm moror hblkovd, aocbefko efanu tdjvu zdjleunu bzedvu. Djo stf sldcbebmbvd`d, koad vdk ef tu trfnutdj ad oalobtf ovu jnebiu efanbk jlbjok nd x. No prbd bafadlef jdo ad sf nbtd nbef aoioablo. Ndjon uvoanf prbf o hblku Bron Pjy, dutor sjdf ndrdzvbednef prbf o zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnok moror hblku, ndilddvdeub ad postoef aostd vflbjf

rdzlbjf bzkfu leucbtfled zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnbm hblkovd b hblkovd strdvf b udsd pd id uabrdzvoe b uspon zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnoi moror hblkd. Jdjo ef koiuf ad sf zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnb hblkovb, s oarffnbk svoestvbkd (rdaned hblkd skeftfnd u nfocbnb ojolb

cuaunost, svfkbrsjd prostrdnstvd, svfkbrsjb croaovb, nfpozndtb pldnftb, bta.) koiu tdjouspefno spoebtb s hblkovbkd strdvf b udsd s potpuno arujbebk svoestvbkd (norkdlnb ojolb ujoefk sf poedvleueu zlf slutnef, ndpftost, strdm, susrft s uaovbtfk, pdnbjd b oj, bta.). Ocddnrd, ndstdvled dutor, zdpobneu s uanbk u UH hblkovbkd to ef uanovdto, aoj ef u PVhblkovbkd to uaovbno. Ptrdvbnd stvorfned, cbld onb bzvdnzfkdle`b blb uaovbtd, nd nfjbndbn uldzf u bvot ovefjd. Qd fstftsjb aotefrdnd strdvbnd stvorfned, zdstrdueud b prbeftfd,flfidntnd su u svoeoe efanostdvnostb b rdzlbbtostb oa ovefjd. Ond nfkdeu kordlnbm avoecb. Pnebkd sf nf kof rdsprdvledtb.Nf kof bk dj nb kdmdtb.Djo eo bkdtf b zvefzadno nfco nda

4Uordn Kbldnovb, u vbf ndvrdtd. Woiotovo u prvoe ioabnb vldadvbnf.


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spf`bhbno sdko zd UH/PV dnr. Plefafd poildvled u ovok abeflu jnebif aonosf dndlbzf opusdAdvbad @ronfncfrid b Eomnd @drpfntfrd, s posfcnbk ndildsjok nd hblkovf Qmf Crooa bQmf Qmbni jdo prototbpovf PV-UH dnrd.

ftvrtb abo ndslovlefn ef Wrfbvledvdnef blb unbtfnef sludefvb hblozohbef hblkovdUH/PV dnrd . Qo ef abo jnebif u joefk dutor prdjtb`brd svoeu zdkbsdo hblozohbef hblkd. Djo

flbtf zndtb to cb to Jrjdfvd hblozohbed hblkd trfcdld cbtb, onad kordtf probtdtb nefiovftfjstovf o hblksjbk sludefvbkd. Wrvb hblksjb slude ef ndslovlefn Wrokftfe b Dlbfn. Aruib efhblksjb slude Dlbfn, Wrfadtor b Dlbfn vs. Wrfadtor hrdnbzf, trfb Fvfnt Morbzon, ftvrtbWdnaoruk, pftb Adrj @bty, b fstb Qmf Mdppfnbni. Qde abo jnebif zdvrdvd s jrdtjbkndpokfndkd uz eo nfjf UH/PV hblkovf.

Udvrnb abo jnebif aonosb zdjleunf ndpokfnf. Cuaub ad hblozohb rdzkbledeusvfocumvdtno, nbef nb uao to sf dutor cdvb pbtdnebkd poput Jdjvo ef trfnutno stdnef uhblozohbeb (UH-PV) hblkd?. Xefruefk ad prbef btdned ovf jnebif nbstf nb zndlb ad postoeb nfto

poput hblozohbef UH/PV hblkd, d sda sf eo postdvled b pbtdnef o stdneu tf vrstf hblozohbef? No,vefrovdlb blb nf, popbs cbclboirdhbef b hblkoirdhbef nd jrdeu jnebif ef poprblbno vflbj. Pdk dutortvrab ad nbtb efadn oa postoefbm prbstupd hblozohbeb hblkd nbef ono prdvo tf ad trfcd ndstoedtb

hblozohbrdtb o hblku nd nfjb arujbeb ndbn. Qde novb ndbn hblozohbrdned o hblku trfcdo cbrfzultbrdtb b nfjbk novbk aoprbnosok b hblku b hblozohbeb, d joeb sdkostdlno nf koiu postbb nbhblozohbed nbtb hblk. Kofko prftpostdvbtb ad ef u tok nfzdaovolestvu s postoefbk stdnefk uhblozohbeb hblkd sjrbvfn b ildvnb dutorov kotbv zd pbsdnef ovf jnebif.

Ud jrde (blb zd poftdj btdned), kofko ponovbtb ad su avbef osnovnf tvranef ovfjnebif5

4. UH/PV hblkovb su sdkostdlnb dnr, d UH b PV hblkovb su sdko jrdenebsludefvb to dnrd.3. Koiud ef arujbed hblozohbed hblkd oa onf to sf ocbno adnds prdjtb`brd.

Bdjo nfedsno afhbnbrdnd, td hblozohbed obto bkd korholoju abkfnzbeu b flb ocumvdtbtb èflbnu,krfu oanosd b uzordjd, poa oarffnbk dspfjtbkd (sdk hblk, tfmnbjd, jrbtbjd, fstftbjd,

psbmoloibed, hblozohbed, julturd, bta.). Qo nbef hblozohsjd dndlbzd, hblozohbed o hblku, hblk jdohblozohbed, nfio prbef svfid fstftbjd lefpotf zdstrdueufi, hblozohbed kbefdnbm prbkorabedlnbmfko`bed ufned b strdmd, ontoloibed stvdrnostb b prbvba zld, fpbstfkoloibed zndned -jdjo poa

prbeftneok unbtfned, b ftbjd tdjorfb kfu-vrsnf solbadrnostb b sujocd ao bstrefclefned (str.418). Ef lb dutor uspbo rdzvbtb novb prbstup hblozohbeb hblkd? Nf koiu oaiovorbtb nd ovo pbtdnef

ukefsto vds. Nf sldfk sf, u ndekdneu ruju, s prvok osnovnok tvraneok bznfsfnok u o voejnebzb.

Nd jonù, vefruefk ad sf u ovoe jnebzb kof ndb puno zdnbklebvbm kbslb, ndcd`dnbm u

èflbnu, vbf uskefrueub nd aoedk nfio adeub poedk, bsprfplftfnbm u krfu oanosd b uzordjd,poa cuanbk ojok nfpozndtoi to sf ndldzb u aucbndkd svfkbrd blboakdm bzd uild. Bsto tdjo,vefruefk ad ftf, ndjon to probtdtf ovu jnebiu, hblkovf joeb sf u neoe spokbneu slefafb putilfadtb nd sdsvbk arujbeb ndbn. Ndjon to sdk probtdo ovu jnebiu, zndk to flbk cbtb.Ldniolbfr. Qmf Fna.

Ao`. ar. s`. Adkbr Kldab


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Wrfaiovor

Not only bs tmfrf tmf kdttfr oh tdstf bn drt, tmfrf bs tmf

kdttfr oh tdstf bn pmblosopmy. (Adnbfl Cdrnftt,Bh d Hblk AbaWmblosopmy Yf Youlant Vnafrstdna Bt, 3779.)

Udstrdueuf uaovbtf proabrf nd pdlucu svfkbrsjoi croad joeb sf vrdd ndUfkleu. Jrff sf nfprbkeftno jroz vfntbld`besjb sustdv. Osdjduef b ucbed ldnovfposdaf croad efanoi zd aruibk. Pvdjb pojude posdaf ad zdustdvf uaovbtfzdvrdvd nfuspefmok b novok poibcbeok. Nd jonù dstrondutb ocldf svoedsvfkbrsjd oabefld b bzcdùeu uaovbtf jroz vrdtd croad.

Uvub lb vdk ovd rdaned pozndto? Ad? No o joefk sf hblku onad rdab? Dlbfn? Nf. Qo ef rdaned`rno-cbefloi hblkd C proauj`bef bz 426=. ioabnf Bt! Qmf Qfrror Hrok Cfyona Ppd`f (F. L.

@dmn, 426=., zd jokfntdr vbab Ppfro, 3772.). Hblkovb tdjvf rdanef prfakft su ovf jnebb`f joedndstoeb postbb avbef stvdrb b ocef su jrdenef efanostdvnf b edsnf. Wrvd stvdr tbf sf rdzukbefvdnedhblkdb to zndnstvfnohdntdstbnoi-moror dnrd, d aruid sf tbf rdzukbefvdned hblkovd toi dnrdjdo hblozohbef toi hblksjoi dnrd, dlb b ovaef nd pokdlo osocbt ndbn. Woedsnbko ocef.

Wrvo, ovd jnebb`d ndstoeb stdtb u ocrdnu efanoi uanoi hblksjoi dnrd joeb sf sdstoeb oardznolbjbm kefdvbnd zndnstvfnohdntdstbnoi dnrd (UH) b dnrd strdvf b udsd (PV), adjlf dnrdUH-PV. Adjdjo, ndepozndtbed ef kefdvbnd hblk strdvf u svfkbru blb svfkbrsjb moror (fnil.outfr spd`f morror, blbspd`f morrorUH/PV), no jdo to fko pojdzdtb bkd b aruidbebm, koadb znddenbebm kefdvbnd, npr. ocrnutbm, joef zdpobneu jdo hblk PV d zdvrdvdeu jdo hblk UH,

prbkefrb`f hblkovb Eomnd @drpfntfrd (kdstfr oh morror) b Advbad @ronfncfrid (pozndtoi po

tzv. poadnru teflfsnb uds, fnil. coay morror, PV/UH).

Efstf lb ilfadlb hblkovf jdo to su Wrokftfe, Wdnaoruk, Dlbfn vs. Wrfadtor,Arfdk`dt`mfr, Adrj @bty, Fvfnt Morbzon, Dlbfn5 Sfsurrf`tbon, Dlbfn 0, Pupfrnovd, Wrfadtor,

Qmf Hly, P`dnnfrs, Qmf Qmbni, Qmf Crooa, Dlbfn, b sl.? Djo efstf, onad stf ilfadlb

zndnstvfnohdntdstbnf hblkovf strdvf b udsd. Onb su adjlf tfkd ovf jnebb`f. Xfbnd leuab joebsu ilfadlb tf b tdjvf hblkovf vefruef ad ef stvdr zdpofld s trb hblkd, te. sd slefafbkd5

Dlbfn(S. Pòtt, 4292.),

Qmf Qmbni(E. @drpfntfr, 42=3.) b

Qmf Hly(A. @ronfncfri, 42=8.).

Djo zd sdad nd strdnu stdvbko ad su b @ronfncfri b @drpfntfr rfbrdlb tdjvf hblkovf b prbef ovbmspokfnutbm, prfostdef ndkDlbfnjoeb u pdkfneu knoibm stoeb jdo prvb, ndecoleb b ndeutef`denbebhblk toi dnrd. No, Dlbfn ef jopbed (b prfostdld avd su jopbef). Adjlf, 34 ioabnu prbef Dlbfndsnbklefn ef dlbfn, d ono zd to kb kbslbko ad ef prvb UH-PV hblkef rfkdjf prvoihblkd.

Dlbfnef rfkdjf hblkdBt! Qmf Qfrror Hrok Cfyona Ppd`f(F. L. @dmn, 426=.)

Qmf Qmbnief rfkdjf hblkd Qmf Qmbni hrok Dnotmfr Yorla(@. Nyky, M. Mdwjs, 4264.)

Qmf Hlyef rfkdjf hblkd Qmf Hly(J. Nfukdnn, 426=.).No, uopf nbef vdnoef lb to prvb hblk toi dnrd. Xdno ef sdko to ad prfpozndefko dnr. 3743.ioabnf ocedvlefned ef b znddend jnebid Advbad Floryd Iolawfcfrd (3743.) @ldws & Pdu`frs5P`bfn`f Hb`tbon, Morror, dna Hdntdsy Hblk5 D @okplftf Iubaf5 4273-42=3. joed prud prfilfatoi dnrd. Adjlf, tfkd ef hblksjb rflfvdntnd.

Vjrdtjo, ovd jnebb`d ndstoeb bstdb spf`bhbnostb UH-PV dnrd b rdzlbjf unutdr nefid, ndposfocrdzd`d UH/PV (spd`f morror) b PV/UH (npr. coay morror) jdo srfabnebm, bdjo postoeb `beflb

nbz rdzlbbtbm prbstupd.


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Aruid stvdr joeu ovd jnebb`d flb postbb tdjofr ef efanostdvnd. Wostoeb aovolenojnebid ndslovd Qmf Wmblosopmy oh P`b-Hb Hblks blb ... Morror Hblks pd dj b poaostd ldndjdo dnru b poefabnbk hblkovbkd (vbab npr. @drroll, 4227.: @drroll b Munt 3772.: Hdmy, 3747.:Jowdlsjb, 3779.: Sowldnas, 3776.: Pdnafrs, 377=.: Plussfr b Sdcjbn, 42=9.). Adjlf, tfkd ef b

hblozohsjb rflfvdntnd. Vnutdr tf tfkf ovd jnebb`d stdef u ocrdnu hblozohbef hblkd joed nbef

populdrnd hblozohbed hblkd, cdrfk nf nd ndbn jdjo sf to u novbef vrbefkf prdjtb`brd. Ndbkf, sefanf strdnf hblkovb jdo poedvd pop julturf (d) jorbstf sf zd populdrbzd`beu nfpopuldrnbmabeflovd julturf, npr. hblozohbef, pd sf tdjo prbkefrb`f hblk Kdtrbx (crdd Yd`movsjb, 4222.)jorbstb jdjo cb sf uvflo u proclfk stvdrnostb b prbvbad (ovokf su posfcno sjlonb dndlbtbjb

hblozohb). P aruif strdnf, d to ef eo iord bndb`d, (c) hblozohbed u hblkovbkd ponfjda btd nfjusjrbvfnu hblozohbeu joef tdko nbtb ndkefrno, d nb sludeno nfkd. Efanostdvno bzkbled abkfnzbefhblkovd joebm nfkd, zdvdrdvd tforftbdrf hblkd b ilfadtflef, b stvdrd hblozohbeu joed ef nfvdnd(tokf su posfcno sjlonb jontbnfntdlnb hblozohb). Qd su avd prbstupd tolbjo populdrnd,

svfprbsutnd b suprotnd ad sf o toe tfkb 3743. ioabnf oardo b sveftsjb sbkpozbe. Adjlf, tfkd efhblozohsjb rflfvdntnd. Ndsuprot td avd vrlo populdrnd skefrd hblozohbef hblkd jdo populdrnf

hblozohbef, u ovoe jnebb`b ustrdedt f sf ojo nd nfjb ndbn prbroanbefi postupjd. Sdab sf o tokf

ad sf pojdf (`) jdjo su nfjb hblkovb, u ovok sludeu UH-PV hblkovb, te. hblksjb dspfjtbhblozohbef nffid (ovbsno o sdkok hblku), d hblozohbed joed cb tbkf koild cbtb bzvorno potdjnutd

cbld cb hblozohsjb dspfjt hblkoloibef toi blb tbm hblkovd (adjlf uz coj zndnostb o hblku, tforbebhblkd, povbefstb hblkd, tfmnb`b hblkd, bta.). Qdjo, bnb sf, sdko u nfjbk sludefvbkd hblkovbbzvorno upuueu nd hblozohbeu joed kof dlb b nf kord cbtb u tfkb hblkd, pd ef tfj trfcd rdzvbtb, dhblozohbed upuuef nd hblkovf. Qdjo cb nfjb hblkovb koilb cbtb fstftsjb dspfjt nfjf èflbnf joed

cb uz knoif aruif dspfjtf bkdld b hblozohsjb dspfjt.

Nd jonù, jdjo fko zndtb ad ef tde trfb ndbn (`) joebprfaldfk coleb oa ndbnd (d) b(c)? Ovaef jdo post-dndlbtbjb prdikdtbst b jdo tdjdv potpuno nfzdbntfrfsbrdn zd prbstupf (d) b(c) prfaldfk sldco b provbzorno kefrblo.

Djo tdjvd (`) hblozohbed hblkd, te. td kefdvbnd hblkd b hblozohbef poadrb nfto novo b hblku(rdzukbefvdneu bstoid) b hblozohbeb (rdzvbedneu bstf), d to td avd poarued sdkostdlno blb cfzovoi aruioi nf cb koild postbb, onad ef ovde ndbn coleb.

Vz to bzcefidvd sf po kok kblefnu nfprdvfadn postupdj kftoaf (d) joed u hblozohbeb zlordcbukeftnbjd aefld f nf cb lb sdku sfcf ubnbld populdrnok , to zdprdvo nbef, dlb b nfoprdvadn

postupdj kftoaf (c) joed oa hblksjbm prohfsbondld`d (ndposf s`fndrbstd b rfadtfled) probzvoab

dkdtfrf, d oa ilfadtfled ilupdnf b binordntf joebkd f vflbjb hblozohsjb edvnb bntflfjtudl`bsdad rfb o fku sf tu zdbstd rdab.

Jondno, povfzueub UH-PV dnr jdjo ef poednefno b prbstup hblozohbef hblkd jdjo efpoednefn u (`), ovd jnebb`d ndstoeb bstdjnutb cdrfk nfjf flfkfntf hblozohbef UH-PV hblkdjoeb ao sdad nbsu bstdjnutb b nefzbnu prvotnu zdadu.

Djo cb ovd jnebb`d ndindld btdtfled ad ostdvb jnebiu b poilfad pojoeb hblk, tbk colef. Djo cbzdtbk prflbstdo jdjdv uvoa u hblozohbeu blb u hblozohbeu hblkd, eo colef. Djo cb zdtbk zdstdo bkdlo rdzkbslbo o `befloe stvdrb blb pdj rdabo oa svfid pokdlo, b to cb cblo u rfau.

Djo sf vrdtbko prbb s poftjd ovoi prfaiovord, u sveftlu suvrfkfnf post-dndlbtbjfhblozohbef hblkd kof sf rfb ad sf hblozohbed hblkd ovaef nbpoto nff prbjdzdtb jdo tzv.jontbnfntdlnd hblozohbed hblkd (ujleufno s jrbtbjok hblkd jdo julturnok jrbtbjok), tfjnfto kdnef jdo dndlbtbjd hblozohbed hblkd, nfio prbef svfid jdo post-dndlbtbjo-

prdikdtbstbjd hblozohbed hblkd. Qo pdj zndb ad nds ovaef nf zdnbkdeu ndvfafnf poaeflf nddndlbtbju b jontbnfntdlnu hblozohbeu hblkd, b to ef osnovno zndfnef bzrdzd post-dndlbtbjd, drbef prdikdtbstbjd ndsuprot trdidneu zd fsfn`beok svdjoi hblkd, poadnrd, dnrd b hblkd jdoukeftnostb zndb slefaff trdidnef zd korholoibeok tbm bstbm flfkfndtd. Ovo poslefanef nd

jonù zndb trdidnef zd oaiovorbkd nd slefafd pbtdned5Udto nfjb oa nds volf hblkovf, UH-PV dnr b svf poadnrovf?


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Joeb ef korholojb prototbp b joeb su svf ocrds`b UH-PV hblkovd?to ef lbefpo b bstovrfkfno zdstrdueuf u UH-PV hblkovbkd?Jdjo UH-PV hblkovb kdnbhfstbrdeu bprobzvoaf utef`de pokbefdnbk osnovnbkfko`bedkd?Udto b jdjo UH-PV hblkovb nd nds utefu tdjo ad prokbledko o nebmovbk hblozohsjbkdspfjtbkd (fstftsjbk, fkotbvnbk, ontolojbk, fpbstfkolojbk b ftbjbk)?

Jdjvb su rfzultdtb tbm prokbledned b pokdu lb ndk ad otjrbefko ocrdzd` UH -PV dnrd bndbnbko prfilfanb prbjdz bstoid?

Ndpokfnf b zdmvdlf

Efadn oa prdjtbnbm kotbvd zd pbsdnef ovoi aefl`d efsu b koeb stuafntb hblozohbef, d ponfjda b stuafntb fjonokbef.Woslefanebm ioabnd svf vbf stuafndtd zd tfkf svoebm zdvrnbm b abploksjbm rdaovd oadcbrf tfkf bz poarued

prdjtbnf, prbkbefnefnf b populdrnf hblozohbef. Jdjo sf kdlo jolfid cdvb prbkbefnefnok b ndposf populdrnokhblozohbeok, vfbnd stuafndtd joeb flf pbsdtb rdaovf o tfkdkd bz tbm poarued nd jonù zdvrf poa koebkkfntorstvok. Qdjo sdk bkdo rdaovf bz hblozohbef ildzcf, npr. irupf Kftdllb`d (X. Ptrdssfr), o hblozohbeb portd(vbf stuafndtd sd UFK-d), o hblozohbeb hblkovd joeb potbu svbefst o poslovnoe ftb`b (B. Sffj), o rdznbkzndnstvfnohdntdstbnbk tfkdkd, npr. o poslovnoe ftb`b Hfrfnibed (D. Jlbpd), o Uvefzadnbk stdzdkd, o ukeftnoe

bntflbifn`beb b rocotbkd (B. Ppdeb)), bta. Jdjo su stuafntb pbsdlb rdaovf b osocno sdk sf upozndvdo s bzvornoklbtfrdturok. P vrfkfnok sdk ostdo nfjdjo rdzodrdn neokf. Vz to to ef zdcdvnd b oputdeud, u neoe nfkd sjoronbfid hblozohsjb zdnbklebvoi. D jdjo kb sf bnblo ad sf o tokf bkd to rfb, oalubo sdk ndpbsdtb toioa o tokfto kbslbk b joef rdzloif zd to bkdk. Udpofo sdk sjrokno 3747. prfadvdnefk o Dlbfnu b uaovbtbkd uzndnstvfnohdntdstbnbk moror hblkovbkd nd stuafntsjok sbkpozbeu HHAB-d s tfkok zld, 3743. prfadvdnefk bbstobkfnbk ldnjok Sfnafzvous wbtm Hfdr o prbkorabedlnbk fko`bedkd, Ybttifnstfbnu b Dlbfnu nd 06.Kfundroanok Ybttifnstfbnovu sbkpozbeu u Dustrbeb (u surdaneb s E. Lujbnok b A. Kldabfk), jrbtbjokrf`fnzbeok efanf novbef jnebif o hblozohbeb Advbad Lyn`md ocedvlefnoe u dsopbsu Wrolfiokfnd b bstf ioabnfjnebbòkHblozohbed noiokftd, d ovoef pojude hblozohbef zndnstvfnohdntdstbnbm hblkovd strdvf b udsd. Ud prdvdnd prftbsdj abeflovd tfjstd J. Jrjd, E. Lujbn, A. Kldab Sfnafzvous wbtm hfdr Ybttifnstfbn, Dlbfn dnamopf/hfdr clfna vbab u5 Yfbss K. I. dna Irfbh M. (fas.) (3743)Ftmb`sPo`bftyWolbtb`s, Wrfpro`ffabnis oh 06tm

Bntfrndtbondl Luawbi Ybttifnstfbn Pykposbuk, Jbr`mcfri dk Yf`msfl, DLYP, 3743, str. 488-48= zdmvdleuefk

urfanb`bkd zcornbjd K. I. Yfbssu b M. Irfbhu.

Udmvdleuefk sf Eosbpu Lujbnu, Adkbru Kldabu b Bnfs Sffj jdo sudutorbkd abeflovd tfjstd (4.3. b 1.4.) bstroibk jrbtbdrbkd. Udmvdleuefk sf eo efanok Eosbpu Lujbnu b Adkbru Kldabu (vflbjbk zdleuclefnb`bkd u UH) bDneb Yfbcfri dlb sda nd sdveftbkd zd bntfrprftd`beu hblozohbef fko`bed joa Luawbid Ybttifnstfbnd. Ndadlef, po

trfb put Adkbru jdo pbsù jrbtbjoi prfaiovord b rf`fnzfntbkd Nbnb Xuebb b Efronbku Cdnu. Aruib abo tfjstd uoaefleju 1.4. tfkfleb sf nd prbef spokfnutok ldnju. Oaefledj to ef hblk?, te. oaefledj 4.3., ndpbsdn ef u surdaneb sBnfs Sffj joed ef abplokbrdld poa koebk kfntorstvok s tfkok poslovnf ftbjf u birdnok b aojukfntdrnokhblku 3743. ioabnf. Udmvdleuefk sf nd lfjtorsjbk sdveftbkd Bioru Culednu b Lbabeb Uozolb nd rfadjturb. Nd

ustuplefnbk hotoirdhbedkd nd ndslovnb`b b nd jrdeu zdjleujd zdmvdleuefk sf Dzrb Jovdb, d nd hotoirdhbeb uzndpokfnu o dutoru flejb Wonirdb.Jondno, ovd ef jnebb`d rfzultdt rdsprdvd o zndnstvfnoe hdntdstb`b b mororujoef u nfhorkdlnbk rdziovorbkd vf afsftlefbkd voabk s prbedtflebkd b jolfidkd joebkd tdjofr zdmvdleuefk(Eod rcf`, Adkbr Kldab, Adb CrusovbCrus, Fkbl Xuedsbnovb, Nbjold Pokun, Eod Lujbn, Bvfj Ppdeb, tfhCuzdr, Dntonbed Efriovsjb, Cornd Edlfnedjb Wftrd Ftfrovb). Aocdr abo spokfnutbm rdziovord oavbedo sf u pbvnb`bWbntd u Udirfcu u Sdabfvoe ulb`btbefjok zdanebm 40 ioabnd, tf stoid zdmvdleuefk idzab Wfrb b uvbefj susrftlebvokosocleu pbvnb`f Mrvoeu b Lujb. Udmvdleuefk sf b flejb Wopovb zd potb`de nd aovrftdj ovf jnebif tbefjok 3743.ioabnf.

Aovrftdj tbefjok 3743. b 3740. ioabnf cbo ef kudn. Ptotbnf sdtb utrobo sdk ad ponovno oailfadkafsftjf hblkovd, probtdk crao novbef lbtfrdturf b aftdleno prfprdvbk tfjst joeb nd jonù nbef puno coleb nfio to

ef cbo prbef 3-0 ioabnf. No, ndadk sf ad f ovd jnebb`d cbtb s efanf strdnf oa pokob stuafntbkd joeb f ucuaunostb pbsdtb o tfkdkd bz populdrnf hblozohbef b ad f svoebk jrbtbjbk stdvovbkd prfkd populdrnoe hblozohbebpotdjnutb zrflbeu, ozcblenbeu b ploanbeu rdsprdvu u tuzfknoe hblozohsjoe zdefanb`b, d s aruif strdnf ad f pokobleucbtflebkd UH-PV hblkovd ad sf otbsnu u poarued joed f bk okoiubtb aruidbef b sdkbk tbkf koad brdznovrsnbef ubvdnef u hblkovbkd.

Jnebiu posvfuefk svoebkprbedtflebkd b jfrb Fkkb Jrjd.

Ndvofnef hblkovdb bzavoefnf ndpokfnf

Hblkovf ndvoabk jdjo ef to uocbdefno u strunbk hblksjbk dsopbsbkd b onbkd zd hblozohbeu hblkd te. jdad sfndslov hblkd prvb putd spokbnef adefk ndslov hblkd u bzvornbju b u jurzbvu, d zdtbk u zdirdadkd ndvoab sf bnb`bedl


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bkfnd b prfzbkf rfadtfled b ioabnu jdad ef hblk snbklefn, prbkefrb`fDlbfn(S. P`ott, 4292.). Wonfjda sf zdmtbefvdb ndvofnef ardvf iaef ef hblk probzvfafn u sdkoe zdirdab d ponfjda sdko u popbsu hblkoirdhbef. Jdjo cbmbzcefido iuvu s prfvbf jrdtb`d ardvd, bstf ndvoabk sdko u popbsu hblkoirdhbef nd jon`u jnebif.

(]) to sf tbf koi prvotnoi`bled, te. stvdrdned prfauveftd zd UH-PV hblkoirdhbeu jdo dnr b zd hblozohbeuUH-PV hblkovd, nbz ndpokfnd joef voaf tok `bleu adnf su u tfjstu poa croefvbkd u zdirdadkd (4), (3)...

s tfjstok tbm ndpokfnd joeb ef uvufn b efanbk rftjok oavoefn oa ostdtjd tfjstd jdo to ef to ovdrffnb`d.

Adjlf, onb joef vbf zdnbkd bntfrprftd`besjb postupdj koiu oavoefno btdtb tf ndpokfnf. Ndadk sf ad su aocdrkdtfrbedl zd nfju cuauu hblozohbeu b hblkoloibeu jdo korholoibeu UH-PV hblksjoi dnrd, cdrfk nfjbm opusd b

poefabndnbm hblkovd.

fsto jorbtfnf jrdtb`f

DXW ; hblkovbDlbfn vs. WrfadtorhrdnbzfP`b-pmb ; hblozohbed UH (fnil. P`bfn`f-hb`tbon pmblosopmy)

PV ; strdvd b uds (fnil.Morror)PV/UH ; poadnr UH-PV (rdznf bndb`f, npr. teflfsnb moror, fnil.Coay Morror)

UH ; zndnstvfnd hdntdstbjd (fnil. P`bfn`f-hb`tbon)UH/PV ; poadnr UH-PV (moror u svfkbru, fnil. Outfr Ppd`f Morror)UH-PV ; kefovbtb dnrUH b PV

Jrbstbedn Jrjd

36. 70. 3747. Lbllf49. 47. 3740. Udirfc

(Mvdld svbkd joeb su hotoirdhbrdlb b/blb ustupblb hotoirdhbef.)


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Vvoanf ndpokfnf

RouQucfJrdtdj vbafozdpbs u joefk sf poednedvdeu stdvovb bz ovoi abefld jnebif

mttp5//www.youtucf.òk/wdt`m?v;dQ@AcqoYdXD

Bnabvbaudl s`bfn`f hb`tbon storbfs kdy sffk ds trbvbdl ds fvfr to tmf clbnafr `rbtb`sdna pmblosopmfrs oh toady, cut tmf òrf oh s`bfn`f hb`tbon, bts fssfn`f, mds cfòkf

`ru`bdl to our sdlvdtbon, bh wf drf to cf sdvfa dt dll.(Bsdd` Dsbkov, VSL5mttp5//www.iooarfdas.òk/quotfs/tdi?Ndkf;s`bfn`f-hb`tbon).Morror toady bs prftty ku`m lbjf bt dlwdys mds cffn. Morror bs su`m d vfnfrdclf, su`mdn dadptdclf ifnrf. Fvfr sbn`f tmf cfibnnbni oh `bnfkd, bts cffn wbtm us. Kostmorror hblks drf dwhul, sokf drf iooa dna tmfrf drf d vfry, vfry hfw tmdt drf rfdlly

iooa. Bts dlwdys jbna oh cffn tmdt wdy. (Eomn @drpfntfr, VSL5 mttp5//wid.ori/òntfnt/afhdult.dspx?Ba;10=3).

Bts tmf adrj bnsbaf kf hrok otmfr pld`f.

Vaocno skeftfnd u pdkftnb frionoksjb stold` zd jojpbtok svoi supfr-ndprfanoi cbotfmnolojoisvfkbrsjoi croad prbclbdvd sf ndeuanbeoe svfkbrsjoe poedvb ao sdad. Ond sf pdj uildvnok sdstoeboa uioano sedenf zdidsbto zflfnf sveftlostb joeu nefzbn croasjb ukeftnb bntflfjt nf kof adlef dndlbzbrdtb. Vkefsto toid on ef prftefrdno oakefrfnbk ildsok bzvefuef o vefroedtnostboa =0% ad

f zd Q kbnus 87 sfjunab stupbtb u prvb jontdjt s novbk ndakonobntflbifntnbk oclbjok bvotdbeff upozndvdnef u roju oa pdr kefsf`b undprbefabtb nefzbnu vrstu zd vbf oa 47 777 ioabnd.Aoj pouano b nfrvozno culeb u poedvu b povrfkfno poilfadvd nd fjrdn joeb oacroedvd sfjunaf ,

croa ef ndstoeb ukbrbtb svf nfsuvbslbebk bzedvdkd. Woslefaneb pojude ildsbo ef 5 Sf`b, Dnnd, flb lbsldaolfa oa vdnblbef blb ojoldaf?. 07 sfjunab prbef jontdjtd. Koad ocef vrstf? ndstdvledrdundlo. Plutb ad nfto nbef jdjo trfcd b nf oaiovdrd nd pbtdned. Wrovefrdvd rfzultdtf rdznbmkefrfned. 37 sfjunab prbef jontdjtd. Dnnd ardid, djo sf zd 0 sfjunaf nf oalub, zdcbt u tb ovf

efcfnf jornftf u ob. Wobnef pdnbdrbtb. 47 sfjunab ao jontdjtd. to kbslb. Dnnd, cb lb tb ukefstoafsnoi ojd colef stdedld vdnblbed blb ojoldad? Ndstoeb ojrfnutb croa b pocefb. Kdmnbto lupd pojokdnanok stolu. 6 sfjunab. Nbtd nf pokdf. 1, 0, 3, 4. Croa sf zdustdvled b zdkrduef. Pv beftlfbsf hfnokfn skdneuef b jondno nfstdef prfa nefzbnbk obkd. Wotpund tdkd. Qbbnd.

Ndjon nfuioano auif tbbnf b krdjd, jdo bz adlebnf aopbrf zvuj potkuloi rbtkbnoi cucnedned.Udtbk uef jrbpu b cuju ndlbj onoe joeu probzvoaf kftdlnb zupdnb`b. Udtbk bznfndad tbbnd.Oaefanok sf bsprfa nef, sjdkfnefnf oa strdmd b prbjovdnf zd stold` u jdcbnb, poedvleuef sbtndzdidsbto zflfnd sveftlost b poldjo, iotovo ocdzrbvo poprbkd oclbj sldtjoi ftvfroioabnefi aefdjdjoeb eoe nfsprftno prbldzb. Pvoebk nosok sjoro aotbub nefzbn b cldio sf skefjdeub jdjo sdkoaef`d zndeu, ocrdtb eoe sf nfvefroedtno leupjbk ildsok joeb sf jdjo ef bziovdrdo rffnbù nefnokbefnedo u zdstrdueuf oaurdn, cudn b opfnbto udsdnildsAocro eutro, Dnnd, b aocro aold uWdjdo.. Udtbk su `beflu prostorbeu bspunblb Dnnbnb urlb`b b jrv.

Vndto koeoe posvfkdneoe nfstrunostb b nfbsjustvu u pbsdneu zndnstvfnohdntdstbnbmprbd strdvf b udsd, ndadk sf ad vds ef prftmoanb ulokdj bpdj pokdlo uvfo u tfku ovoi aefld.Djo to nbef pokoilo, zd svdjb slude ovaef slbefab efadn abedloi bz hblkd Fvfnt Morbzon(W. Y.P. Dnafrson, 4229.), joeb ef jdo hblk potpuno poacd`bo, dlb ef zduao jdo b knoib aruib hblkovbu svok bvotu poslbef skrtb, te. jdo bzadnef nd AXA-u, stfjdo jultnb stdtus kfuocodvdtflebkd jdjo zndnstvfnf hdntdstbjf tdjo b hblkovd strdvf b udsd.

Kbllfr5 Om. ky Ioa. Ymdt mdppfnfa to your fyfs? Ar. Yfbr5 Ymfrf wf'rf iobni, wf won't nffafyfs to sff. Kbllfr5 Ymdt drf you tdljbni dcout? Ar. Yfbr5 B `rfdtfa tmf Fvfnt Morbzon to rfd`m tmf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTCDbqoWaVAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTCDbqoWaVAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTCDbqoWaVA


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Qdclb`d 4d5 Osnovnb ocrdzd` UH-PV dnrd blb UH/PV prototbp (zd hblkovf ocrds`d vbab tdclbù 4c u joeoe sf edsnobzavdedeu UH b PV oa UH-PV hblkovd).

bnb sf ad ovde ocrdzd` blb dj prototbp bkd znddedn utef`de u hblku. Ndbkf, on kdnbhfstbrd bpocuuef vrlo vdnf fko`bef joef uz fstftbju bnf poftdj bdjo nf b èflbnu UH-PV dnrd (vbabtdclbù 4c).

Qdclb`d 4c5 Jord`b tfkflenoi ocrds`d UH-PV dnrd s prbpdadeubk fstftsjbk b fkotbvnbk opbk ocrds`bkd.

V srfabtu bzkfu td avd dnrd afsftlefbkd nbef cblo hblkovd. dj cb sf koilo rfb ad efpostoedo b sujoc. Leucbtfleb UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV vrlo su rdzlbbtb.

Wrvb volf nfpozndto joef voab bstrdbvdneu, otjrbvdneu b nfjoe vrstb ndprftjd. Optbkbzdk bzndnost nebmovb su sdvfznb`b.


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D aruib volf nfpozndto joef voab prbeftneb, strdmu, pdnb`b, sujocu b po koiunostbprfbvledvdneu, blbkoad prbef unbtfneu b propdstb. Optbkbzdk b zndnost zd nebm su ndbvnostb prbeftned.

Wrvb jorbstf zndnost zd zdkblednef koiufi,d aruib aobvledvdeu nde`rnef rdsplftf u joebkd sf blb poedvleuef nfto nf-zndnstvfno, blb sf

zndnost otbkd jontrolb nd ndestrdvbnbeb ndbn.Wrvb su optbkbstb,

d aruib pfsbkbstb.

Wrvb prfa nfpozndtbk b vldstbtbk ufnefk aobvledvdeu rdaost b srfu,d aruib sukneu b strdm.

Qo su rdanef hblkovd b rfdj`bef leucbtfled tbm dnrovd. No tf su sbtud`bef nfjdjo nfprbroanf,sjoro ukeftnf, b poedvd novoi dnrd, te.poadnrd tbm avdeu dnrovd, to ef pdrdaojsdlno,

pojdzdld sf puno rfdlbstbnbeok, te. ono to dnr prbjdzuef. Ndbkf, jdjo ef koiuf ad efkefdvbnd UH b PV dnrovd, joeb su vrlo nfstvdrnb, rfzultbrdld novbk UH/PV dnrok,stvdrnbebk. blb cdrfksdardeno stvdrnbebku oanosu nd dnrovf bebk ef kbefdnefkndstdo?

Knoib vflbjb rfadtfleb snbkblbsu vflbjf hblkovf u UH b PV dnrovbkd

, no nbjdad nbsu

snbkblb hblk kfudnrd (UH/PV), prbkefrb`f P. Jucrb`j s jldsb`bkd 37745 D Ppd`f Oayssfy(428=.) b Pmbnbni(42=7.), zdtbk A. Lyn`m s hblkovbkdAunf(42=1.) b Qwbn WfdjsHbrf YdljYbtm Kf(4223.), blb u novbef vrbefkf K. Nbimt Pmydkdldn s hblkovbkd Qmf Pbxtm Pfnsf(4222.)

b Pbins(3773.). No, jrdefk 4297-bm ioabnd, b to pofvb s hblkokDlbfn(S. P`ott, 4292.), pofosf poedvlebvdtb, tdad sf eo vefrovdlo, uadn poadnr, tzv. moror u svfkbru. Qb hblkovb

prbjdzbvdlb su cd to srfabtf u joefk su tb dspfjtb pokbefdnb, dlb bpdj nfjdjo edsno, prfilfanob jorbsno. tovbf, jdo ad posefaueu vldstbtu loibju, veftbnf, ndbnf postoedned (blbnfpostoedned) b vrbefanostb (fstftsjf pd b kordlnf). Jdo ad posefaueu nf sdko spf`bhbnufstftbju jdo ukeftnbjd aefld, nfio posefaueu b spf`bhbnu hblozohbeu. Wojude rdzvbtjd tf b tdjvfhblozohbef prvotndef zdadd ovf jnebb`f.

Leucbtfleb zndnstvfnohdntdstbnbm hblkovd (UH) b hblkovd strdvf b udsd (PV) poaostd supoabeflefnb b kfusocno sf cd nf volf, bdjo sf tolfrbrdeu b potueu. Bpdj, knoib f u rdziovoruprbzndtb ad su sjlonb poilfadtb hblkovf suprotnoi dnrd. Ndadlef, fsto f abeflbtb nfjf okblefnfrfadtflef, d ovaef fko aftdlenbef opbsdtb opusf Eomnd @drpfntfrd b Advbad @ronfncfrid , joefbstb tb leucbtfleb fsto spokbneu. Jondno, sjoro rfaovbto nd lbstdkd ndevfbm mbtovd zd

prbpdanbjf leucbtfled ovbm dnrovd (UH, PV) joeb nf volf aruib dnr ndb f sf bstb hblkovb, kfujoebkd ef ndezdstuplefnbeb Dlbfn, bdjo sf poedvleueu b aruib. Ovaef sf poedvleuef zdnbklebv

proclfk (vdnf ndpokfnf joef voaf hblozohbeb UH-PV hblksjoi dnrd blb iovorf o neoe adlef utfjstu cbt f bzavoefnf croefk u zdirdab, uvufnf b oakdjnutf oa ostdtjd tfjstd tdjo ad sfkof prdtbtb b pojude rdzvoed dspfjdtd joeb voaf blb cb koilb voabtb prfilfanok prbjdzu blbkorholoibeb UH-PV hblkovd.).

(4) UH b PV oabeflefnb su dnrovb b hblkovb bk sf znddeno rdzlbjueu.(3) Nfjb hblkovb poadnrovd UH bPV u potpunostb bsjdzueu ocrds`f b UH b PV dnrd.(0) Woa-dnr UH/PV ef prbkorabedldn dnr beb su UH b PV hblkovb d zdbstdpoa-dnrovb.

Cefloadno ef ad sf svdju oa ndvfafnbm tvraneb kof crdnbtb, no nbef bm ldjo kfusocnousjldabtb. Ovaef nf trfcd rdzcbedtb ildvu ojo tforbef hblkd, dnrovd b poadnrovd, d eo kdnefojo loibjf bzrdzd jdo to su zndnstvfnd hdntdstbjd b strdvd b uds. O tokf f cbtb rbefbjdsnbef. Aovoleno ef uobtb trb ocrds`d5

(1) ocrdzd` UH hblkd,

(6) ocrdzd` hblkd PV b(8) ocrdzd` UH/PV kefdvbnf.


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Ocrdzd` UH hblkd (1) b ocrdzd` hblkd PV (6) stdrb su hblksjb ocrds`b . Onb poardvdeu rdzlbjubsjdzdnu tvraneok (4). No, tvraned (3) bsjdzuef novost joed sf zcbvd u sdko nfjolbjo ioabnd,

te. s poedvok hblkovd Dlbfn (S. Pòtt, 4292.), Qmf Qmbni (E. @drpfntfr, 42=3.), b Qmf Hly (A.

@ronfncfri, 42=8.) b joed ndstdvled postoedtb ao adndnebm adnd, spokfnbko sdko hblkovf jdo

to su Wrfadtor(E. K`Qbfrndn, 42=9), Fvfnt Morbzon(W. Y. P. Dnafrson, 4229) b Wdnaoruk(@. Dlvdrt, 3772). Ono to ef uz ndvfafnf hblkovf prbaonbeflo bzavdedneu tf kefdvbnf UH/PV(8) efst eo efand zdnbklebvd poedvd. Ndbkf, bstb dnrovsjb UH b PV hblkovb otdad ao adnds sfkdnef blb vbf prbclbdvdeu toe kefdvbnb b eo ef vbf bstbu sdkbk tbkf to vfbnok ndstoefostdtb vefrnb jldsbnok prototbpu cblo UH cblo PV dnrd. Nd jonù, pojdzuef sf ad ef tdendvoanb poadnr blb kefdvbnd UH/PV bnb sfprbkorabedldn dnr beb su jldsbnb UH hblkovb bhblkovb PV sdko poadnrovb (0).

P aruif strdnf, jdjo ef ndstdld td kefdvbnd? V sludeu Dlbfnd rdablo sf o jrdb oaknoibm aostupnbm UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV, no td ef jrdd cbld bntflbifntnd (jdjo nd knoiokefstd pondvled Adn OCdnnon, vbab Dlbfn (hblk), Ybjbpfabd, VSL5mttp5//fn.wbjbpfabd.ori/wbjb/Dlbfn_(hblk), prbstuplefno 9. 8. 3743.). Nd jonù Dlbfnnbef sdko

stvdr jrdf. Sdab sf adjdjo o uanovdtok ukeftnbjok aeflu (M. S. Ibifrd). Ndadlef, stvdr efkoad b ovaef sdko dakbnbstrdtbvnd b kdrjftbnjd. Dakbnbstrdtbvno ef jorbsno hblkovf abeflbtbnd dnrovf, d kdrjftbnjb ef to nfbzostdvno. B djo prftpostdvbko ad su leucbtfleb UH hblkovd bhblkovd PV avbef poaefandjo vflbjf b jomfrfntnf sjupbnf, to aocbvdko prbkefrb`f sDlbfnok?Aocbvdko avbef sjupbnf vefrnbm ilfadtfled sd sdko efanbk hblkok, adjlf zd upold kdnef nov`d

ostvdruefko bstu ilfadnost blb zd `befnu efanoi hblkd ostvdruefko avostruju ilfadnost. No, djb djo cb rdzlozb zd kbefdnef dnrovd tdjofr cblb tdjo prbzfknb b edsnb, bpdj poslefab`f tfkefdvbnf nbsu edsnf. Qd sludend blb ndkefrnd, dakbnbstrdtbvnd blb kdrjftbnjd kefdvbndrdzotjrbld ef nfto prbkorabedlno u b o ovefju, b to nefku sdkokf jdo ilfadtfleu. Hblkovbkefdvbnf UH/PV nf cb ostdlb tdjo auio populdrnb b poflenb, pd dj b u sludeu osrfanebm b lobmostvdrfned, jda nf cb poiddlb nfto to tb dnrovb sdkostdlno nf koiu. Oaiovorf nd pbtdnedto to onb bnf,jdjo to bnf, jdjo aeflueu nd ilfadtflef b joed ef hblozohsjd rflfvdntnost svfidtoid sjupdndstoedt fko prubtb u ovoe jnebb`b.

FJPJVSP 45 O utef`deu hblozohbef UH-PV hblkd nd hblozohbeundrdv hblkdV hblozohbeb hblkd fsto sf rdsprdvled o tokf to ef hblk blb o ndrdvb hblkd b to

prfastdvled poftnopoekovno bstrdbvdnef toi poarued. Qu sf adjdjo u oczbruzbkd b zndnost o hblku (tforbed hblkd), sdkb hblkovb (prbkefrb b prdjsd), dlb b

stdvovb sdkf hblozohbef hblkd. Qdjo ef zdnbklebvo vbaeftb jdjo hblozohbed UH-PV

hblkd prbaonosb toe rdsprdvb b baf lb u prbloi jonjrftnoi stdedlbtd. Wozndtd eftfzd rfdlbzdk. Sfdlbzdk vflb ad hblk rfdlbstbno prbjdzuef bvotnf sbtud`bef blb

pdj sdkoi ilfadtfled u sludeu hbj`bef aovoab u rfdlbstbno stdnef (prbkefrb`fbkdnef dutfntbnbm fstftsjbm bsjustdvd b fko`bed). No, s oczbrok nd poedvuabibtdlnbm tfmnbjd (probzvoanef b prbjdzbvdned hblkovd), d to ef prfsuano zdsdarde b spf`bedlnf fhfjtf u UH-PV dnru, bnb sf ad sdk dnr, blb cdrfkndecoleb prbkefrb dnrd, aovoaf rfdlbzdk u pbtdnef. UH-PV hblkovb nfkdeu vfzfs rfdlbzkok. Onb jonstrubrdeu stvdrnost. Mbpfr-stvdrnost u sludeu UH dspfjtd bmbpo-stvdrnost u sludeu dspfjtd PV (vbab Ydrtfncfri, 3744.).

Jdjo ef `befld stvdr zdpofld nbef sdsvbk edsno. Edsno ef prbkefrb`f ad ef Eomn Y. @dkpcfll Er.420=. ioabnf ocedvbo jrdtju prbu Ymo Iofs Qmfrf?. Woftdj b jond` prbf vrbefanb sundvofned.

Qmf pld`f stdnj. D quffr, kbnilfa stfn`m tmdt only tmf b`f-curbfa `dcbns oh dn Dntdr`tb` `dkpjnow, òkpounafa oh rffjbni mukdn swfdt, dna tmf mfdvy, hbsm-obl stfn`m oh kfltfa sfdl cluccfr.Dn ovfrtonf oh lbnbkfnt òkcdtfa tmf kusty skfll oh swfdt-dna-snow-arfn`mfa hurs. Qmf d`rba


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oaor oh curnt òojbni hdt, dna tmf dnbkdl, not-unplfdsdnt skfll oh aois, ablutfa cy tbkf, muni bn tmf

dbr. () No, cy tmf ird`f oh Ioa, wmo fvbafntly aofs mfdr vfry wfll, fvfn aown mfrf, dna tmfkdribn oh mdlh dn mour, wf jffp our worla, dna tmf pldnfts oh tmf systfk too. Dntb-irdvbty, you

jnow, dna dtokb` powfr. Cf`dusf Qmfy`dkf hrok dnotmfr sun, d stdr cfyona tmf stdrs. Qmfy`dkf

hrok d worla wbtm d clufr sun. (ndv. ae. u5 Covd, C. (4290.), Qmf P`bfn`f Hb`tbon Mdll oh Hdkf,Xolukf 3D, Nfw Rorj, Aouclfady & @okpdny, Bn`., 429053=-81)

Qdjofr ef edsno ad prvd hblksjd ocrdad (4264.) nbef slbefabld rdaneu prbf, aoj ef ond E.@drpfntfrd (42=3.) slbefabld, d poslefaned (3744.) opbsuef zcbvdned joed prftmoaf rdaneb@drpfntfrovd hblkd. Vndto tokf to ef poslefaned bndb`d aobvefld nfidtbvnf jrbtbjf zdkbsdoo PV-UH dnrubvb adlef. No, ovbkf nbef oaiovorfno nd postdvlefnd pbtdned.

Jdjo cbsko skbslfno aospeflb ao oaiovord nd td b `beflb nbz potpbtdned joed f sfpoedvlebvdtb b nfstdedtb, potrfcno ef postupno sf jrftdtb oa pozndtoi prfkd nfpozndtok. Qo

jonjrftno zndb ad fko prob ftbrb jordjd joed cb nds koilb aovfstb ao oaiovord, d tb sujord`b slefafb. Pvdjb jordj sbkcolbjb sdbkd ono ndezdnbklebvbef u toe uanoe kefdvbnbdnrovd.

Nfto nfpozndto sf prbclbdvd(poednefnef dnrovd s oczbrok nd tfku, poednefnef èflbndUH b PV nd ndbn ad ef hblkoirdhbed sdko abo èflbnf joed ocumvdd prbkefrb`f b jnebfvnost

b poednefnef UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV).ufnef, prfaosefde b bfjbvdnef(poednefnef skbsld b zdadd populdrnf hblozohbef, zdtbkhblozohbef hblkd b poefabnbm hblksjbm dnrovd, tf ndposf hblozohbed UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV).

Bstrdbvdnef, strdm, pdnbjd b sujoc (srfabnef kefsto nd joefk cbsko koilb pojudtbpoedsnbtb sdkf hblkovf poadnrd UH b PV, zdtbk nebmovu rflfvdntnost zd hblozohbeu brflfvdntnost hblozohbef zd nebm, d nd jonù fko sf ojudtb u jrdtjbk prbjdzbkd opusdavoeb`f hblksjbm rfadtfled joeb su ocblefblb dnrovf UH b PV, Eomnd @drpfntfrd b Advbad@ronfncfrid).

Wrfbvledvdnef b/blb unbtfnef (poslefaneb abo voab nds jroz pft hblkovd joeb su poknoiofku rdzlbbtb, oa `befnf, hbndn`besjoi uspefmd, ilfadnostb, jdjvof rfbef, ilukf,

s`fndrbed bta., dlb povfzuef bm to to bm sf prfpozndef jdo bzvornf UH/PV hblkovf.5 Dlbfn,Dlbfn hrdnbzd b Dlbfn vs. Wrfadtor hrdnbzd(ujleuueubWrfadtor hrdnbzu),Fvfnt Morbzon,WdnaorukbAdrj @bty).

Ovd jnebb`d nf cb bkdld skbsld ujolbjo btdtfleb, cdrfk nd rdzbnb ilfadtfled, nf cb cblbupozndtb s hblkovbkd o joebkd f cbtb rbefb. Wovrm toid, dutor pbf u vefrb ad f btdtfleb

prfjbadtb btdnef jnebif b ponovno ilfadtb nfjf oa ovaef spokfnutbm hblkovd tf ad f bm ndjonbtdned ilfadtb aruibk obkd. Ad f nd jonù, prbef spdvdned, u jupdonb`b, u oilfadlu uilfadtbnfjo aruio lb`f. Ptoid nbef lof vf sdad pocroedtb nfjf oa hblkovd joef stf ilfadlb , efr toznddeno oldjdvd dutorov posdo. Qdjo ovaef nuabk tdclbù u joeu koftf upbsdtb slefaffzndjovf (tdclb`d 4`, ostdvlefnd su b avd prdznd poled u joed koftf upbsdtb svoef osocnfhdvorbtf)5

; ilfadld/ilfado

; nbsdk ilfadld/ilfado

; ilfadld/ilfado sdk b hblk kb ef supfr! (Vz ovde b slefafb zndj pojudetfzdpbsdtb b rdzloi, d zdtbk ndjon btdned ovf jnebb`f, d ndadk sf b ndjon

ponovnoi ilfadned nfjbm hblkovd, pojudetf ponovno zdpbsdtb rdzloif busporfabtb bm s prvbk rdzlozbkd.)

; ilfadld/ilfado sdk hblk b cfz vfzf kb ef.


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Qdclb`d 4`5 Hblkovb joef ef jorbsno poilfadtb prbef, tbefjok blb ndjon btdned jnebif(UH-PV hblkovb beb ef ocrdzd`prbjdzdn u tdclb`b 4d ovaef sf jroz prbkefrf edsno bzavdedeu oa bstbm UH b bstbm PV hblkovd).

Ovo ef adjdjo koed osocnd lbstd u joeu nbsdk cd sbiurdn, dlb to nbsu hblkovb joefkordtf poilfadtb, nfio sluf jdo tfkd zd rdziovor, b utolbjo sdk ndstoedo ndvfstb kfusvoebk hdvorbtbkd onf joeb cb koilb cbtb mbtovb rdznbm ifnfrd`bed ilfadtfled. Vndprbefa sf

bsprbdvdk vrlo bsjusnbk ilfadtflebkd b ocodvdtflebkd jldsbjd joeb cb kfu UH hblkovfsvdjdjo ujleublb prbkefrb`fKftropolbs, Qmbnis to @okf(Y. @. Kfnzbfs, 4208.), Qmf Ady tmf

Fdrtm Ptooa Ptbll (S. Ybsf, 4264.), Ydr oh tmf Yorlas (C. Mdsjbn, 4260.), Dlpmdvbllf (E. L.

Ioaadra, 4286.), bta., jdo to cbkfu hblkovf PV ujleublb mbtovf prbef 4287. ioabnf.

V strdmu ef vflbjo ojo

B'vf sffn tmbnis you woulan't cflbfvf. Dttd`j smbps on hbrfohh tmf smoulafr oh Orbon. B wdt`mfa @-cfdks ilbttfr bn tmfadrj nfdr tmf Qdnnmdusfr idtf. Dll tmosf kokfnts wbll cf

lost bn tbkf, lbjf tfdrs bn rdbn. Qbkf to abf.(Cldaf Sunnfr,S. Pòtt, 42=3.)

Ndslov ovoi oaeflejd ef po kok suau ifnbedldn irdhbt (rdvdn efanok aruiok bsto tdjo

zdnbklebvok irdhbtu joeb ildsb OcbXdn Jfcdc). Irdhbtsdbkd avd jleund vbabjd kefdvbnfUH b PV5 vflbjo ojo (UH vbabj) b cbtb u strdmu (PV vbabj). Qdjo tde irdhbt sdbkd `beflu ovujnebbù b nefzbnu tfku (zdmvdleuefk dutoru irdhbtd).

No, to ef sdko dld. Sdab sf ndbkf o nffku trunbù ozcblenbefk. Ndjon to su tdadnebdnrovb UH b PV jrdefk 4297-bm ioabnd spoefnb u poadnr UH/PV, ndposf poedvok hblkd Dlbfn,

trfcdlo ef prob nfto vrfkfnd jdjo cb sf pojdzdlo ad sf nf rdab o efanostdvnoe s`fndrbstbjoejrdb, skb`dlb`b blb kdrjftbnjok trbju. tovbf, djo ef b cbld ndkefrd ubnbtb tdjo nfto, stvdr sfobto, poputDlbfnd, otfld jontrolb b probzvfld ubnjf joebkd sf nbsko ndadlb, bdjo sko nfjdjoslutblb ad cb sf nfto nfofjbvdno b uanovdto koilo zcbtb.

Ocrdzd` pdrdabikdtsjoi UH hblkd zdpobnef efanostdvnok jdo to sko rfjlb poedvoknffi nfpozndtoi b prbclbdvdnefk. Udtbk sf tok nfpozndtok s ufnefk prbclbdvdkojdjo cbsko id bstrdblb. UH hblkovb nfrbeftjo bkdeu srftdn jrde pd kdjdr b u ojvbru nfjftrdifabef. Aum optbkbzkd b ndprftjd nbjdad nf bzostdef.

Ocrdzd` hblkd PV tdjofr zdpobnef efanostdvnok poedvok nfpozndtoi bprbclbdvdnefk, dlb nf prbclbdvdko sf kb nfpozndtok, nfio sf ono prbclbdvd ndkd.

Udtbk sf sd strfpneok b ofjbvdnefk ndeiorfi to nfpozndto pobnef ozcbleno pd dj bprbeftffprbclbdvdtb, sjoro dj vrfcdtb, d kb sf ndstoebko uadlebtb jdjo cbsko id bzcefilb.


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Hblk PV bkd ndilb nfsrftdn b prbeftfb jrde, pd kdjdr u ojvbru ndflnf pocefaf nda nfjbkzlok. Aum pfsbkbzkd b unbtfned nbjdad nf bzostdef.

Pdad ef pbtdnef to ef kefdvbnd tbm avdeu dnrd postbild? Bkdko rdznf koaflfkbefdned, kdnef blb vbf vbalebvf. Jdo prvo, vdled spokfnutb pbs`f b s`fndrbstf. P`fndrbstb usurdaneb s pbs`bkd fsto probzvoaf tu kefdvbnu joed vf postoeb u sdkok UH aeflu , jdo

prbkefrb`f joa @lbvfd Cdrjfrd blb Ptfpmfnd Jbnid. Aefld b s`fndrbeb rdfnb prfkd nebmovbkaeflbkd zndtno su utef`dlb nd rdzvoe toi novoi dnrd, efr su b sdkd jnebfvnd aefld kefdvbnfUH b PV. Ud rdzlbju oa nebm dutorb prototbpsjbm prbd b jnebid UH (npr. tvrad UH, fnil.Mdra PH,

prbkefrb`f Drtmur @ldrjf) b onb prbd b jnebid PV fsto su zdroclefnb unutdr sdkoi prototbpd.Kefdvbnf UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV koiu bkdtb rdznf korholoibef. Nfjf oa postoefbm, pd djb tbpbnbmefsu slefaff5

Wrvb su efanostdvnb ocrds`b, te. oa efanoi prfkd aruiok ocrdsù dnrd. Wrvb b tbpbnb efst oaUH ocrds`d prfkd ocrdsù PV. Qd korholoibed tbpbnd ef zd Dlbfn bWrfadtorhrdnbzu b ndoarffn ndbn prfastdvled prototbp kefdvbnf UH/PV. Qde ocrdzd`, te. nefiovo jopbrdnef,kof sf vbaeftb u hblkovbkd poputFvfnt Morbzon(W. Y. P. Dnafrson, 4229.) bWdnaoruk(@. Dlvdrt, 3772.). Aruib, efanostdvnb, dlb nf b pdrdabikdtsjb ocrdzd` efst oa ocrds`d PV

prfkd ocrdsù UH. Qd ef pdj korholoibed tbpbnd zd vefrnf fjrdnbzd`bef aefld P. Jbnid,ndposf onbm u rfbeb E. @drpfntfrd, dlb b hblkovd poput Bt(Q. L. Ydlld`f, 4227.),Ldniolbfrs(Q. Molldna, 4226.) b aruibm. Ovaef tdjofr vdled ucroebtb hblkovf poput h Adrj @btyd (D.Wroyds, 422=.) b slbnbm.Plofnb ocrds`b jrfu sf oa PV ocrds`d prfjo UH-d pd ndzda ao PV-d. Ovaef sf svdjdjokoiu ndvfstb nfjb ndstdv`b hblkovd pofvb s hblkokMfllrdbsfr(@. Cdrjfr, 42=9.). Wostoefb ocrnutb ocrds`b. Qb vbfsloeno kbefdnb ocrds`b posfcno su ndzonb u opusbkd E.@drpfntfrd b A. @ronfncfrid. Wrvb ef znddedn efr ef nfvefroedtno orbibndldn b strudn usvbk sfikfntbkd probzvoanef hblkd (oa pbsdned s`fndrbed prfjo sjldadned ildzcf ao ilukf,

rfbrdned b proauj`bef), d aruib ef znddedn efr ef otd` poadnrd coay morror (teflfsnbuds), u joefk sf ocrdzd` PV kdnbhfstbrd putfk unbtfned blb afifnfrd`bef abeflovd blb`befloi leuasjoi tbefld, bzdzvdnoi nderdzlbbtbebk uzro`bkd poput zdrdzf, pdrdzbtd, sdjdfned,kutd`bef, b sl.

Djo sf postdvb pbtdnef zdto ef tde kbefdnb UH/PV dnr tolbjo okblefn b kfuocodvdtflebkd UH hblkovd b kfu ocodvdtflebkd hblkovd PV, oaiovor nbef ldj. Ndbkf,uspefnost abeflok, djo nf b vfbk abeflok, bkd zdmvdlbtb uspefmu hblkd Dlbfn b nefiovokjultnok stdtusu. O rdzlozbkd o joebkd f jdsnbef cbtb rbefb ovaef nf kofko iovorbtb, dlbkofko ndpokfnutb ad ef jleudn zndj uspefnostb toi hblkd nefiovo nfzdstdrbefvdnef.Adndnef ifnfrd`bef kldabm joef volf rdznf supfreundjf blb npr. Qrdnshorkfrs(joeb sf u trffkabeflu Qrdnshorkfrs5 Adrj oh tmf Koon {K. Cdy, 3744.} zndtno prbclbbo UH/PV dnru) sosfcuenbk drok ilfadeuDlbfn, jdo ad ef eufr snbklefnto prbkefrb`f kb joeb sko id ilfadlb

jdad sko bkdlb bzkfu 47b 46 ioabnd nbsko b nf kofko aobveftb jdad adnds ilfadko 37745D Ppd`f Oayssfy (P. Jucrb`j, 428=.). Qdjvf hblkovf kofko `befnbtb jdo jldsbjf nd knoiordzbnd, dlb onb su zd nds nd oarffn ndbn bvb krtvd`b.

Woftnbef rdzloi uspefmd UH/PV dnrd u tokf to kefdvbnd dnrovd jorfsponabrd s ndbkkbefdnbk oprfnbk prbkorabedlnbk fko`bedkd rdaozndlostb b strdmd b rdspolofnebkdoptbkbzkd b pfsbkbzkd. Cd td prbkorabedlnd kefdvbnd okoiuuef leuabkd rdzvoe u cbdjdjvd pozndefko jdad sf poilfadko u oilfadlo, tdjo rfb prdvd kefrd b sjlda tbm avbeujrdenostb b nebmovd oprfjd joeu tde dnr tolbjo aocro poidd, rdzotjrbvd, u ndkd cuab b ndoarffn ndbn potbf nds nd nfju vrstu sdkospozndef, spozndef b suodvdned s vldstbtbk

prfanostbkd b nfaostd`bkd, sndidkd b sldcostbkd. Qde dnr nfjd ef vrstd prftpovbefsnoi (ucbolojok, psbmolojok b osocnok skbslu) oilfadld prfa joef sko mteflb-nf mteflb

efanostdvno postdvlefnb.


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Nbz hblkovd UH-PV dnrd po kok suau, d zd rdzlbju oa prosuacf stroibm hdnovd osocno nfarbk ad sf rdaned nuno kord oavbedtb u svfkbru nfio ad ef vddn okefr, rbtdk b tfkpo UHb PV dspfjdtd hblkovd, ujleubvdo cb b slefaff UH/PV b PV/UH hblkovf5 Qmf Qmbni hrokdnotmfr Yorla (@. Nycy, M. Mdwjs, 4264.), Bt! Qmf Qfrror Hrok Cfyona Ppd`f (F. L.

@dmn, 426=.), Qmf Irffn Plbkf(J. Hujdsdju, 428=.), Pmbvfrs(A. @ronfncfri, 4296.), Qmf

Crooa (A. @ronfncfri, 4292.), Dlbfn (S. Pòtt, 4292.), Pdturn 0 (P. Aonfn, 42=7.),Bnsfkbnoba(N. E. Ydrrfn, 42=4.), P`dnnfrs(A, @ronfncfri, 42=4.), Idldxy oh Qfrror (C.

A. @ldrj, 42=4.), Horcbaafn Yorla(D. Molzkdn, 42=3.), Qmf Qmbni(E. @drpfntfr, 42=3.),

@rfdturf (Y. Kdlonf, 42=6.), Ptdr @rystdl (L. Lbnasdy, 42=8.), Qmf Hly (A. @ronfncfri,

42=8.),Dlbfns(E. @dkfron, 42=8.), Wrfadtor (E. K`tbfrndn, 42=9.), Qmf Adrj Pbaf oh Qmf

Koon (A. E. Yfcstfr, 4227.), Wrfadtor 3 (E. K`tbfrndn, 4227.), Ndjfa Lun`m (A.

@ronfncfri, 4224.), Afda Ppd`f(H. Idllo, 4224.), Dlbfn 0(A. Hbn`mfr, 4223.), @rbttfrs 1

(S. Mdrvfy, 4223.), Adrj Vnbvfrsf (P. Ldtsmdw, 4220.), Bn tmf Koutm oh Kdanfss (E.

@drpfntfr, 4226.), Xblldif oh tmf Adknfa (E. @drpfntfr, 4226.), Ldniolbfrs (Q. Molldna,

4226.), P`rfdkfrs (@. Auiudy, 4226.), Mfllrdbsfr Clooalbnf (J. Rdimfr, 4228.), DlbfnSfsurrf`tbon (E.-W. Efunft, 4229.), Fvfnt Morbzon (W. Y. P. Dnafrson, 4229.), Adrj @bty

(D. Wroyds, 422=.), f]bstfnU (A. @ronfncfri, 4222.), Pupfrnovd (Y. Mbll, 3777.), Wbt`mCld`j(A. Qwomy, 3777.), Imosts oh Kdrs(E. @drpfntfr, 3774.),Arfdk`dt`mfr(L. Jdsadn,

3770.), Dlbfn vs. Wrfadtor (W. Y. P. Dnafrson, 3771.), Ardùld 0777 (A. Sooat, 3771.),

Aook (D. Cdrjowbdj, 3776.), Pdvdif Wldnft (W. Lyn`m, 3779.), DXW5 Sfqubfk (@. b I.

Ptrdusf, 3779.), Mdppfnbni (K. Nbimt Pmydkdldn, 377=.), Koon (A. Eonfs, 3772.),

Wdnaoruk(@. Dlvdrt, 3772.), Irowtm(I. @owdn, 3747.),Wrfadtors, (N. Dntdl, 3747.), Qmf

Adrjfst Mour(@. Iordj, 3744.), Qmf Qmbni(K. Xdn Mfbebnbnifn, Er., 3744.), Wrokftfe (S.

Pòtt, 3743.).

Wroclfk afkdrjd`bef bzkfu UH bPV dnrovd jdo b proclfk afkdrjd`bef bzkfu UH/PV (npr.Dlbfn) b PV/UH (npr. QmfCrooa) vrlo ef vddn b tfjo refbv. O tokf aftdleno rdsprdvled E. W.Qfllotf u svoeoe jnebzb bz 3771. ioabnf P`bfn`fHb`tbonHblk(Qfllotf, 377150-00: 29-476).

Hor tmf s`bfn`f ffl`tbon hblk toady typb`dlly sffks to provbaf us not so ku`m wbtm tmf sort ohfs`dpf tmf `rbtb`s oh tmf kovbfs on`f ds`rbcfa to dll ifnrf proau`tbons, cut rdtmfr wbtm d kbrror ohdna d``fss to our bn`rfdsbnily òkplfx ùlturdl ldnas`dpf. Croojs Ldnaon afs`rbcfs tmbs fhhf`t

kost tfllbnily wmfn mf suiifsts tmdt tmf provbn`f oh òntfkpordry s`bfn`f ffl`tbon bs not so ku`mwmdt tmf huturf kbimt mola, cut tmf bnfvbtdclf mola oh tmf prfsfnt ovfr tmf huturf wmdt tmf huturfòula not hdbl to cf.Ono to ndkUH hblk adndneb`f prud nbef tolbjo nfjd vrstd cbefid, ono tosu hblksjb jrbtbdrb prbpbsbvdlb svbk hblkovbkd dnrovsjf proauj`bef, nfio prbef nfju vrstu oilfadldb prbstupd svf slofnbefk julturnok jrdeolbju. Croojs Ldnaon tde ubndj opbsuef nd vrlo edsdn ndbnjdad suifrbrd ad sf suvrfkfnb UH hblk nbef tolbjo o tokf to cb cuaunost koild aonbeftb jolbjootokf jdjo sdadneost oarfuef cuaunost o tokf to cuaunost efanostdvno nf kof nf cbtb.(Qfllotf, 37715370)

Ovd ndpokfnd ef vrlo vdnd zd trfnutnu tfku efr cd hblkovb UH-PV dnrd tok

kefdvbnok ujdzueu nd ubnjf sdadneostb nd cuaunost, blb tonbef nd zdkblednef nunfcuaunostb s oczbrok nd pozndtf poadtjf o sdadneostb joeb voaf toe cuaunostb. Wrbkefrb`fWrokftfepojdzuef ad dj b djo dlbfnb unbtf leuasju vrstu, leuasjd vrstd sb ef tokf sdkd jrbvd.

Qdjo dspfjt PV u UH-PV dnru u oclbju UH/PVhunj`bonbrd jdo dspfjt jdtdstrohf aojUH dspfjt u oclbju PV/UH hunj`bonbrd jdo dspfjt prfbvledvdned. Pbiurnost u jdtdstrohbnfubnjf ndbm trfnutnbm postupdjd b nfutfkflefnd slbefpd ndad u koiunost prfbvledvdnedundto, usprjos b ndsuprot svfku ocblefdvd novbef hblkovf UH-PV dnrd. Qo adjdjo oarfuef bhblozohbeu dnrd.

Sfdlnb poslefaneb ndstdvdj svdjoi hblkd dnrd UH-PV nd jonù trfcd cbtb post-dpojdlbptbjb morror u joefk ef leuasjd vrstd blb trdeno b nfpovrdtno kutbrdnd blb unbtfnd.Ovo

ef pdj vdnd hblozohsjd tfkd.


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Ocb vdn Jfcdcblb hblozohbed UH-PV dnrd

Now dll ky tdlfs drf cdsfa on tmf hunadkfntdlprfkbsf tmdt òkkon mukdn ldws dna bntfrfsts dna

fkotbons mdvf no vdlbabty or sbinbhb`dn`f bn tmf vdst

òskos-dt-ldrif.(M. W. Lovf`rdht)

Hblozohbed UH/PV hblkovd bkd tdjo rfb cefloadnu b krdnuabkfnzbeu.Obtd blb prvd abkfnzbed nd pozdabnb fstftbjf hblkd sdstoeb sf u efanostdvnok potb`dneu,rdzvbedneu b suodvdneu s kefdvbnok prbkorabedlnbm fko`bed rdaozndlostb b strdmd, srff btuif, rdaostb b pdnbjf, bta. UH/PV hblkovb nds nd osfcuedn ndbn potbu b aovoaf u svfzu sndkd sdkbkd nd ndestdrbeoe b ndeefanostdvnbeoe fkotbvnoe rdzbnb. Qo sf bnb posrfano efr ef

potb`dnef fko`bed tdjo rfb zdoirnuto u prfabvnu fstftbju UH-PV dnrd. Wrfabvnbmsvfkbrsjbm croaovd u mldanok b krtvok svfkbru b udsnbm uaovbtd joed nds proionfmoanb`bkd tbm bstbm svfkbrsjbm croaovd jdo efabnoi bvotnoi prostord.Pjrbvfnd blb aruid abkfnzbed efst `beflb nbz poedvd joef probzldzf bz prvf. Puofnb s vldstbtbk

prvotnbk b efanostdvnbk fko`bedkd joef jdo kefdvbnd cbvdeu rdzotjrbvfnf u hblkovbkdUH/PV dnrd, oaefanok aocbvdko b uvbaf u aruif stvdrb. Nd toe efanostdvnoe, prvotnoe bpoftnoe rdzbnb aomvddko vldstbtd vefrovdned o stvdrnostb b prbvbau, o tokf to zndko bjdjo zndko b o tokf to ef aocro d to zlo, vefrovdned joed nfkdeu nbjdjvf vfzf s onbk to

cbsko oaiovorblb ad nds sf o tokf pbtd cblo ad efsko blb nbsko hblozohb.

Qrfd rdzbnd, blb aucled poa-rdzbnd aruif rdzbnf efst postoednef oarffnoi jonzbstfntnoi bjomfrfntnoi sustdvd aeflovdned, oarffnf prbkorabedlnf tforbef aeflovdned ovefjd, joed sfkdnbhfstbrd u sbtud`bedkd joef adjdjo fjstrfkno prbjdzueu sdkb hblkovb, dlb u joebkd sf u

nebmovbk vrlo cldibk oclb`bkd ndldzbko svdjoanfvno.

Bz tf tforbef aeflovdned joed ef bkplb`btnd b kdnbhfstnd u ndfk svdjoanfvnok aeflovdneu utdjvbk sbtud`bedkd kof sf fjsplb`brdtb b ndd prbkorabedlnd ontoloibed (o onokf to efst b to

nbef, to ef stvdrno d to prbvba), fpbstfkoloibed (o tokf to ef zndnef, kofko lb cblo to zndtb,jdjo aozndefko stvdrb), ftbjd (o tokf to ef kordlno bsprdvno b zdto ef to tdjo) b oaiovorb ndaruid pbtdned u sjldau s knoibk aruibk hblozohsjbk tfkdkd.

Aoprbnos tf trb rdzbnf hblozohbef ef efanostdvdn. Hblozohbed UH/PV hblkd nbef u sdkbkhblkovbkd. P aruif strdnf, nfkd ef nbtb u ilfadtflebkd (osbk ujolbjo nbsu prohfsbondlnb

hblozohb, dlb td ef sjupbnd b arutvfno b zd ovu tfku sdsvbk brflfvdntnd). No, nd oarffnndbn tb hblkovb efsu ukeftnbjb vbab`b hblozohbef tbm tfkd cdrfk utolbjo ujolbjo uspefnouvldf ilfadtfled u hblk, zdbstd u sdku rdaneu b ndjon toid id bzcdùeu u nf-hblksju zcbleu ujoeoe sf suodvd sd svoeok hblozohbeok joeu zcoi sdkf strujturf hdculf, rdanef b rfbefaobvledvd jdo osocnu b abo sfcf.

Nd jonù poedvd nffi nfpozndtoi b uanovdtoi b uaovbnoi aoslovno ef zdefanbjd

poldzbnd tojd jdjo hblozohbef tdjo b hblkovbkd UH b PV. Adjdjo, hblozohbed b UH b PV hblkovbovaef sf rdzavdedeu b bau svoebk putovbkd, dlb, jdjo fko ovaef ndstoedtb pojdzdtb, tdjofr sfsusrfu nd ndeuanovdtbebk kefstbkd tbefjoksvoebm putovdned.

to ovo aefl`f nbef?

Qfkfleno kftoabjo ndflo nfidtbvnoi putd (ldt. vbd nfidtbvd) vrloef efanostdvno b smvdtlebvo, d prbkefnebvdlo sf u pof`bkd prbkefnfnd afhbnb`beu Coid5 ldjf ef rfb to nfto nbef nfio to to efst.

Ovo aefl`f nbef puno vbf nfio to efst. Qokf ef tdjo zcoi toid to ono nf ndstdef u vdjuuku.

Lbtfrdturd bz poarued populdrnf hblozohbef poslefanebm ef afsftlefd svf opsfnbed, pd dj b ondbz poarued populdrnf hblozohbef hblkd. Jnebif poput Qfrkbndtor dna Wmblosopmy, Kdtrbx dna
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/HPLovecrafthttp://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/HPLovecrafthttp://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/HPLovecraft


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Wmblosopmy b aruif slbnbm ndslovd poedvleueu sf svdjf ioabnf. Ovaef vdled ndpokfnutb toovo aefl`f nbef, nbtb ef ndkefrdvdno jdo tdjvo to adjdjo nf bsjleuuef ad ef bzkfu ostdloitdjvo poirfjok, zdcunok, propustok blb utef`defk zlbm pdnidldjtbjbm sbld. Ptoid cbm ovaefndvfo to ovo aeflo nbef.

Ovo aeflo nbef strund jnebid nbtb bz poarued jbnfkdtoirdhbef b hblkoirdhbef, d eo kdnef bz

poarued hblksjf tforbef, pd nbtb strund jnebid bz poarued hblozohbef. Qdjvf jnebif vfpostoef. Ndsuprot tdjvbk jnebidkd b to u ocd skbsld ond ef populdrnd. Qo zndb ad sf bz nefbtdtfle poaefandjo sprftno kof otbsnutb u ilfadnef hblkovd, u btdnef jdjvoi uvoad uhblozohbeu, u proudvdnef hblksjf tforbef, snbkdnef jdjvoi jrdtjoi hblkd pokou svoipdkftnoi kocbtfld, u proudvdnef lbtfrdturf o hblozohbeb hblkd, blb pdj u svf oa ndvfafnoi

pokdlo.

Ovd jnebid nbef kbnu`boznd tfmnbjd dndlbzd svbm pd b ndesbtnbebm flfkfndtd koebm blbvdbm jultnbm hblkovd. Qdjvf jnebif u sludeu poefabnbm hblkovd, dnrovd b`beflbm opusd

poefabnbm rfadtfled tdjofr su aostupnf b vrlo jorbsnf.Ovd jnebid nbef voab jroz ndecolef UH hblkovf b hblkovf PV. Qdjvb voabb su aostupnb bjorbsnb (aoauf uildvnok nd fnilfsjok efzbju, bdjo sf aefld s ndslovbkd Ndecolebm 677

hblkovd blb 4777 hblkovd joef nbtjo nf skbef propustbtb poilfadtb koiu prondb b umrvdtsjbk prbefvoabkd).

Ovd jnebid nbef uvoa u hblozohbeu zd leucbtflef hblkovd PV b UH. Qdjvf jnebb`f vf postoef bbdjo osocno avoebk ojo toid jolbjo nebmovf aocrocbtb zdbstd ndabldzf tftu joeu probzvoaf,jdjo hblkovbkd tdjo b hblozohbeb, vefruefk ad b onf bkdeu svoef kefsto poa sun`fk (vbab trb

prbstupd u Pdnafrs, 377=53-0 prb fku ovaef prbjdzdn nf oaiovdrd nbtb efanok oa tdkondvfafnbm b prbkefnebvdnbm u trb sjupbnf fsfed o jldsb`bkd UH jbnfkdtoirdhbef). V tok

skbslu ovd jnebb`d ef zd onf leucbtflef UH-PV hblkovd joeb ndjon nfjolbjo ilfadned bndfrdaneok efanostdvnbm hblkovd, jdo to su prbkefrb`fbzvrstdn hblkFvfnt Morbzon(W. Y. P.Dnafrson, 4229.), b vrlo lo hblkWdnaoruk(@. Dlvdrt, 3772.), zdstdnu b ponu rdzkbledtb o

nebmovbk slbnostbkd b rdzlbjdkd pofvb oa nebmovf strujturf. Wrbkefrb`f, prvb bkdjldsbnu strujturu oa UH dspfjtd prfkd PV dspfjtu, aoj aruib bkd slofnu strujturu oaUH dspfjtd (jrdtjo nd poftju), prfjo PV-dj`besjoi dspfjtd (vfbnd hblkd) ponovno ao UHdspfjtd nd jon`u hblkd. Vnutdr tf strujturf skeftdeu sf b tfkfleb proclfkd joefi hblkovbbsjdzueu (rbzb`b novbm tfmnoloibed) b prbjdzb rdzlbbtbm reffned proclfkd.Ovd jnebid nbef b nf flb cbtb, bdjo f tdjo koad zdvrbtb, nfjd vrstd hblozohbef hblkd jdo

populdrbzd`bef hblozohbef pokou hblkd (npr. Bsjorbstbt fko pozndtf UH hblkovf aduvfafko stuafntf u hblozohbeu: jdjo aoseftlebvo, d to ef s onbkd joeb volf hblkovf PV, bl bvfstfrnf, blb oarffnf rfadtflef?), d s aruif strdnf nbtb otjrbvdnef nfpostoeff hblozohbef u

hblkovbkd(tvranef poput Dlb zdr nf vbabtf jdjo su Cldaf Sunnfr, Qfrkbndtor b Kdtrbxaucojo hblozohsjb hblkovb? Nf.). Qdjvbm jnebid bkd b prfvbf u rdznbk sveftsjbk

cbclbotfjdkd ndslovd Wopuldr pmblosopmy... s jnebidkd poput Wmblosopmy oh... blb ...dna Wmblosopmy b zdtbk sf kof aoadtb toioa sf flb tdjo auio aoj ef abo populdrnfjulturf.

Qo nds voab oa oaiovord nd pbtdnef to ovd jnebb`d nbefprfkd oaiovoru nd pbtdneftoovd jnebb`d efst blb cdrfk to ndstoeb cbtb.

to ovo aefl`f ndstoeb cbtb?

Fxpfrbfn`f mds smown, dna d truf pmblosopmy wbll dlwdys smow,tmdt d vdst, pfrmdps tmf ldrifr portbon oh tmf trutm drbsfs hrok tmf

sffkbnily brrflfvdnt.(Faidr Dlldn Wof)

Jdo prvo, zdkbslbko ad ukeftnost b hblozohbed bkdeu aoabrnbm todjd. Qo ndrdvno nbef sbiurno.Ovaef nf kbslbk sdko nd to ad prbkefrb`f rdznf ukeftnostb bkdeu bkplb`btnf blb fjsplb`btnf


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hblozohsjf prftpostdvjf, flfkfntf, blb poslefab`f zd hblozohbeu, blb pdj ad sf hblozohbed, bdjo s

punbk prdvok, dlb bpdj nd pokdlo uanovdt ndbn pbtd prbkefrb`f to ef lbefpo, to zndb rbeflbefpo, jdjo zndko ad ef nfto lbefpo b sl. Jdoabo ukeftnostb hblksjd ukeftnost tdjofr kof

cbtb u ovbk oanosbkd prfkd hblozohbeb. Ovo zndb ad su hblksjd ukeftnost b hblozohbed lbefpoi blbukeftnostb lfibtbkno upufnf efand nd aruiu (vbab Plbju 4).

Plbjd 45 Vpufnost hblksjf ukeftnostb nd hblozohbeu lbefpoi b ocrnuto

No, ono to nds ovaef zdnbkd nbef tfkfleno ovd upufnost, nfio nfto aruio. bnb sf ad

postoeb nfjd strod kfuovbsnost ukeftnostb b hblozohbef, tdjo rfb prfjldpdnef td avd poarued(vbab Plbju 3).

Plbjd 35 Hblozohbed hblkd jdo poaruef prfjldpdned hblksjf ukeftnostb b hblozohbef lbefpoi.

No, to prfjldpdnef kof cbtb rdznolbjo. Ono kof cbtb tdjvo ad prbkefrb`f hblozohbedlbefpoi bzrdvno uteff nd prbkefrb`f pbs`d, s`fndrbstd, rfadtfled, sjldadtfled, iluk`d bta.Ocrnuto, ono kof cbtb tdjvo ad oarffnb hblkovb, s`fndrbstb, rfadtfleb, pd dj b hblksjb opusb bdnrovb jorbstf b utefu nd hblozohbeu lbefpoi (pozndtb slude ef ondeAdvbad Lyn`md). Qo ef cfzadlenefi bzvornd hblozohbed hblkd, no to eo uvbefj nbef ono fku sf ndstoebko prbclbbtb. Onofku sf ndstoebko prbclbbtbkofko sdftb u trb jrdtjf tvranef.

(9) Udsbiurno postoeb hblksjd ukeftnost b jonjrftnb hblkovb potpuno nfovbsnb o hblozohbeblbefpoid b ocrnuto, zdsbiurno postoeb hblozohbed lbefpoi potpuno nfovbsnd o hblksjoe

ukeftnostb.

(=) Bdjo rbeftjo, bpdj postoeb jonjrftno upubvdnef hblozohbef (hblkd) nd (hblksju)ukeftnost b ocrnuto (Plbjd 4).

(2) Koiud ef hblozohbed hblkd jdo poaruef prfjldpdned hblksjf ukeftnostb b hblozohbeflbefpoi (Plbjd 3). Qo prfjldpdnef kof cbtb sldcbef b sndnbef.(2.4) Pldcbef prfjldpdnef efst ndbn ad ef svdjb flfkfnt nudn zd abo rdzukbefvdnedaruioi flfkfntd (jdo jdad nfjb hblozoh irdab svoeu fstftbju nd oarffnoe fstftb`b hblkd,blb jdo jdad hblksjb rfadtfle rfbrd poa utef`defk oarffnf hblozohbef lbefpoi).(2.3) Pndnbef prfjldpdnef ef tdjvo ad sldcbef prfjldpdnef rfzultbrd nfbk to sdkdhblksjd ukeftnost blb sdkd hblozohbed lbefpoi nf koiu ostvdrbtb sdkostdlno nfio sdko u


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prfjldpdneu b u èflbnb joeu oclbjueu s aruibk vbabjok (d koad b s knoibk aruibkvbab`bkd).

Pndnbef prfjldpdnef (2.3) efst ono joef nds ovaef zdnbkd efr koiuf ef ad rdzotjrbvd nftosdsvbk novo (Plbjd 0).

Plbjd 05 Pndno prfjldpdnef hblksjf ukeftnostb b hblozohbef lbefpoi

(47) Koad ef koiuf, nd prbkefru UH/PV hblkovd ujdzdtb nd postoednef oarffnfhblozohbef hblkd joed bzvbrf bz sdkoi sndnbefi prfjldpdned UH/PV hblkovd b hblozohbefflfkfndtd toi prbkorabedlnoi dnrd jdo to su tfkflenf fko`bef, postoednef (jdo

stvdrnost joed ef rfzultdt avostrujoi prbvbad), zndnef jdo veftbnd, ftbjd jdo hblozohbedkordld prfbvledvdned, bta.(47.4) tovbf, sndnbef prfjldpdnef sdstoeb sf u tokf ad ef hblozohbed hblkd fjsplb`brdnbhblozohsjb dspfjt hblkoirdhbef aoj su hblkovb fjsplb`brdnb ukeftnbjb b fstftsjb dspfjthblozohbef. Hblozohbed hblkd ef u tok skbslu èflbnd joed bkd knoif vbabjf blb dspfjtf.

Hblozohsjb dspfjt aospbefvd sdko ao abefld tf èflbnf b efabno to nd jonù kof efstujdzdtb nd sdkf hblkovf, d hblkovb s aruif strdnf jdo fstftsjb dspfjt aospbefvdeu sdko

ao abefld b tdjofr koiu sdko stdtb b ujdzdtb nd hblozohbeu lbefpoi.(47.3) Qd èflbnd joeu ovaef provbzorno ndzbvdk hblozohbed hblkd bkd adjlf svoef

ukeftnbjf dspfjtf, sdkf hblkovf jdo fstftsjf dspfjtf hblozohbef b svoef hblozohsjfdspfjtf, sdku hblozohbeu jdo hblozohsjb dspfjt ukeftnostb.

Vz ovu srfabneu zdkbsdo o hblozohbeb hblkd (47) ovd jnebb`d ndstoeb probzvfstb eo nfjfsporfanf, prozdbnbef b prbzfknbef ubnjf djo ef to bjdjo koiuf, d nfjb kfu nebkd suslefafb5

(44) potdjnutb nd auclef prokblednef hblkd,(43) potdjnutb nd vbzudlno prokblednef hblozohbef(40) b potdjnutb nd prokblednef utef`ded populdrnf julturf nd ndd fstftsjd kefrbld.

Djo ovd jnebb`d uspbef cdrfk u efanok oa postdvlefnbm `blefvd kof sf ardtb ad ef nefzbnd

svrmd bspunefnd.


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Pdftdj

Vjrdtjo b prfilfano, ovd jnebb`d ndstoeb5Ptvorbtb prfauveftf zd dltfrndtbvno tukdfnef UH/PV hblkovd, te. onf joeb f okoiubtb ad tfhblkovf prokdtrdko b prokbledko nf jdo poa-dnr hblkovd UH b PV, nfio jdo bzvornb

novondstdlb dnr beb su hblkovb UH b PVpoa-dnrovb.Ptvorbtb prfauveftf zd dltfrndtbvnu hblozohbeu UH/PV hblkovd (blb jdjo sf to u fnilfsjok

iovornok poarueu fsto ndzbvd spd`f morror hblks blb outfr spd`f morror kovbfs), te.onf joeb f onfkoiubtb zloupordcu cblo hblkovd UH/PV prb populdrbzd`beb hblozohbef, cblohblozohbef prb tukdfneu hblkovd UH/PV, te. onf joeb f okoiubtb hblozohbeu hblkd joed

probzldzb bz zdmtefvd sdkbm hblkovd UH/PV b bz zdmtefvd hblozohbef ukeftnostb b hblozohbef

lbefpoi.

Udpoft fko tdjvu hblozohbeu hblkd nd prbkefrbkd opusd avd rfadtfled, te. onbm E.@drpfntfrd b A. @ronfncfrid s nebmovbk prototbpsjbk hblkovbkd, nd prbkefrbkd trb hrdnbzfjoef sf prfjldpdeu, te.Dlbfn + DXW hrdnbzfb Wrfadtor + DXW hrdnbzfb nd prbkefrbkd pfthblkovd, te. hblkovd Wrokftfe, Dlbfn, Fvfnt Morbzon, Wdnaoruk, Adrj @bty b Qmf

Mdppfnbni.

Horkdlnbef iovorfb fjsplb`brdt u b crdnbtb slefaff trb tvranef.

(47.0) Qrb srfabnef tvranef5(4) UH/PV hblkovb bnf dnr beb su fjstrfknb poa-dnrovb UH hblkovb b hblkovb PV.(3) Hblkovb UH/PV dnrd posefaueu b kdnbhfstbrdeu spf`bhbdn fstftsjb ocrdzd` (kbefdneflbefpoi b runoi, prbvldnoi b oacoenoi, uanovdtoi b uaovbnoi, bta.) b spf`bhbdnfkotbvnb ocrdzd` (kbefdnef tfkflenbm fko`bed ufned b strfpnef, zndtbflef b strdmd brdspolofned optbkbzkd b pfsbkbzkd, bta.).(0) Pvoebk tfkflenbk ocrds`fk UH/PV hblkovb otvdrdeu prostor zd spf`bhbnu hblozohbeu toi

dnrd u prvok rfau jdo hblozohbeu lbefpoi, zdtbk jdo hblozohbeu fko`bed b adlef, ovbsno obndb`b ocrds`d b jonjrftnok ostvdrfneu, jdo fpbstfkoloibeu, ontoloibeu b ftbju. Wrfauveftbzd fjsplbjd`beu tf trb tvranef (4-0) ostvdrfnb su u prvd trb poildvled, aoj sf u ftvrtok jroz

prbkefrf hblkovd joeb su sdkb hblozohbed toi hblksjoi dnrd tf sf tvranef fjsplb`brdeu bndstoef oprdvadtb.

V tok sveftlu prvo b aruio poildvlef sluf jdo prbprfknd poildvled u joebkd f sf bstb`dtb sdkoonb vbab`b nunb zd rdzukbefvdnef prfostdld avd poildvled, te. flfkfntb hblkovd UH b PV (prvo

poildvlef) b flfkfntb populdrnf hblozohbef hblkovd UH b PV (aruio poildvlef). Qrff b ftvrtopoildvlef su srfabned b u nebkdsf rdzvbed hblozohbed kefdvbnf blb dnrd hblkovd UH/PV, prudeusf prbkefrb opusd (trff poildvlef) b pftprbkefrd UH/PV hblkovd (ftvrto poildvlef).


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(Mvdld svbkd joeb su hotoirdhbrdlb b/blb ustupblb hotoirdhbef.)


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4. Wrbclbdvd sfhblk

RouQucfJrdtdj vbafozdpbs u joefk sf poednedvdeu stdvovb bz ovoi abefld jnebif

mttp5//www.youtucf.`ok/wdt`m?v;MoCLJFREb4D

Qrdifays D @okbn. Dna B `dnnot stfp dsbaf. No B `dnnot stfp dsbaf.Qmfrfs no pld`f to run dna mbaf. (Wrbkus, Qrdifays D @okbn, Irffn

Nduidmyaf, 3744.) Mdvf you mfdra tmf nfws? Qmf afda wdlj. Ao you mfdrtmdt souna? Ao you mfdr tmdt souna? Lbjf hbnifrs s`rdt`mbni unafrirouna?

Ao you mfdr tmdt souna? Qmdt sldkkbni aoor? Bvf houimt bt dll ky lbhf. CutB `dnt hbimt bt dnykorf. (No kfdns no,Bts @dt`mbni Vp, Yroni, 42=2.)

Ovde uvoanb abo sdstoeb sf oa ftbrb abefld joeb ujrdtjo poednedvdeu hblksjf dnrovf (4.4.),sdarde, opsfi b aosfi UH b PV (4.3.), hblkovf UH (4.0.) b PV (4.1.) u tok jontfjstu. Onb joebzndeu aovoleno o ovbk tfkdkd koiu slocoano prfsjobtb ovde abo b jrfnutb nd slefafb joeb ndslbdn ndbn uvoab u populdrnu hblozohbeu b hblozohbeu hblkd.

4.4. Hblksjb dnrovb b poa-dnrovb(B ron sjy, Q. Xourfnsold, 3743.)

Nfcfsd nda tvoeok ildvok postdt f kefafnd, d tlo poa tvoebk noidkdpostdt f flefzno. (Efruzdlfksjd Cbclbed,Wonovlefnb zdjon, 3=530)

Hblkovb blb pojrftnf slbjf abeflf sf nd dnrovf. O tokf jolbjo bkd dnrovd nbef potrfcnoiovorbtb. Bpdj, o nebmovoe poaeflb bkd skbsld iovorbtb efr ef to abo prflbkbndrnbm zndned vdnbmzd ndu tfku. Jdjo cbsko rdzukeflb dnrovf, vdled ndk bzvbaeftb to su onb b jdjo sf adlefunutdr sfcf abeflf. No, bk pojudko aomvdtbtb cbt cblo joefi oa nebm, ond ndk nfjdjobzkbf. V nfjbk sludefvbkd dj sf bnb cfskbslfnbk uopfrdzkbledtb o tokf.

Jldsbno iovorfb, dnrovb sf abeflf prfkd ftbrb vrlo rdzlbbtd kefrbld. Qd su kefrbldprbef svfid dakbnbstrdtbvnd b kdrjftbnjd.

Bafdlbstbjd kftoad skeftd hblk u dnr prfkd undprbefa postdvlefnbk loibjb jonzbstfntnbk

kefrblbkd zd svdjb dnr.Fkpbrbesjd kftoad skeftd svdjb novb hblk u dnr ujolbjo aovoleno oaiovdrd hblkovbkdjoeb su ao sdad skeftfnb u dnr.Fsfn`bedlbstbjd blb ponfjda nfoprdvadno zvdnd d prborb kftoad skeftd hblk u dnr ujolbjo

posefauef svd cbtnd svoestvd dnrd.Jonvfn`bondlbzdk skeftd hblk u dnr djo postoeb so`bedlnb jonsfnzus u arutvu blb ujulturb, ndposf kfu fjspfrtbkd.

Wrfkd nfjbk kblefnebkd ovd kefrbld cbld su nd sndzb ao 42=7. ioabnf jdad sf zcbvdbronbnd mbcrbabzd`bed dnrovd. Ovd poedvd nf cb cbld posfcno vdnd ad sf nfposrfano nf tbfndf tfkf efr sf mbcrbabzd`bed UH b PV hblkovd bntfnzbvbrdld tbefjok =7-bm ioabnd proloi

stolefd. Nf uldzfb u tfmnbju rdsprdvu o prfanostbkd b nfaostd`bkd ovbm kefrbld pojudtbfko prbjdzdtb aruidbeu kftoau joed sf fsto ndzbvd korholojok kftoaok (pozndtd ef po
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoBLKEYJi1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoBLKEYJi1Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoBLKEYJi1A


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mflbe-0 nd Kefsfù. Udtbk sf poedvleuef Xbvbdn Ydinfr joed sf nf prfzbvd sludeno Ydinfr bnfvefroedtno zdcdvno b prf`bzno pdroabrd Mbtlfrd bz hblkd O. Mbrs`mcbfifld Afr Vntfridni

(3771.), dlb ponovno dluabrd nd vfzf PDA b nd`bstd jroz povbefst (rdznf zdvefrf). Ndjon `befloi

nbzd zdplftd, onoi nd Ufkleb b onoi nd Kefsfù, onoi osocnoi bzkfu Dalfrd b Sb`mtfrb`f bonoi strdtfjoi ojo oaldsjd nd Ufkleu ndpojon sf poedvleuef nd`bstbjb lftfb tdneurSmfbniola

(prvb aboAfr Sbni afs Nbcflunifn, Ydinfr). P prfabvnok pdroabeok dstrondutd nd W. Pfllfrsdbz hblkdAr. Ptrdniflovf(P. Jucrb`j, 4281.) zdvrdvd ovde abo.

Wropdidnad

Nd`bstb su ndpojon slfteflb nd Ufkleu. Qdjo zdpobnef ftvrtb abo. No, ovaef cbm sf zdustdvbo saftdlenbk prfprbdvdnefk rdanef jdjo nf cbm oadindo potfn`bedlnf ilfadtflef hblkd b osvrnuond nfjolbjo vdnbm aftdled joeb pokdu rdzukbefvdneu èflbnf prbf. Sb`mtfrb`d nbef sdsvbksbiurnd, no bpdj prfa prfasefanbòk PDA-d bziovdrd jleunu rffnbù5

Qmbs bs vfry sbkplf. Qmf worla bs sb`j dna wf drf tmf ao`tors. Qmf worla mds dnfkbd dnawf drf tmf vbtdkbn. Qmf worla bs wfdry cut wf drf tmf powfr. Yf drf mfrf to kdjf tmf

worla mfdltmy on`f didbn. Ybtm mdra worj, wbtm monfsty. Ybtm `ldrbty, wbtm af`fn`y. ()Hor tmdt wf rdbsf our mdna to onf ndtbon.

Ono to iovorb bstovrfkfno ef nd`bstbjd propdidnad, dlb b jrbtbjd dkfrbjf polbtbjf. Ndbkf,iovor Sb`mtfrb`f prftdpd sf u iovor prfasefanb`f tbefjok jdkpdnef. tovbf, prfasefanb`d usvoeoe rfbzcornoe jdkpdneb u potpunostb prbmvdd nd`bstbjb stbl b bjonoirdhbeu. Sb`mtfrb`d sfsndnbef ocrdd smvddeub ad ef Xflbjb abjtdtorspraned b uspostdvled prbsnbeu vfzu sd sda vfbzcldemdnbk Ydsmbnitonok nd Ufkleb. Dalfr uspostdvled vfzu s Ydinfrbòk (ocef su vrstd

Xdljbrf, aruib aboNbcflunid).

Kftforclbtzjrbfi

Wftb abo hblkd zdpobnef jolosdlnok s`fnok sd svfkbrsjbk zfppflbnbkd (efadn sf zovfPbfihrbfa, trfb aboNbcflunid) b sd zdpovbefab Jortzhlfbs`md zd ndpda.

Vna adnn cfibnnfn wbr kbt afk Kftforclbtzjrbfi una hfifn dllf abfsf Vntfrkfns`mfnvon afn Yfltjdrtf. / B tdad fko zdpoftb kftforsjb clbtzjrbfi b zcrbsdtb svf tf poaleuafs jdrtf svbeftd.

Qbkf zdpobneu prfabvnf dj`besjf s`fnf. Ndpda nd Ufkleu pdroabrd ndpda nd YQ@ to efpoaostd mrdcro b nbef nbjdjvo uao ad su sf dkfrbjb jrbtbdrb zcoi toid b knoiofid aruioi uhblku oseftblb povrbeffnbkd. P`fnf svfkbrsjf cbtjf su edsnd pdroabed Ptdr Ydrsd (I. Lu`ds,4299.-377=.). No, svbeft oaiovdrd nd nd`bstbjb ndpda. Wrbkefrb`f PDA bkd croa VPP IforifY. Cusm (Cusm bef ef aefa Wrfsòtt ndvoano cbo ildvnb nd`bstbjb cdnjdr! Wonovno

zdvefrfnbjf dluzbef.) joebk zdpovbefad tjo aruib ao lb Ydinfrb`d u ponovno nfzdcordvnoes`fnb. (aoauf Hbn`b nfkdeu nbtd s oruefk u Ufklebnoe orcbtb to ef dutobronbnb aftdles`fndrbstd b rfadtfled). Cbtjd sf ndstdvled. Dstrondut Ydsmbniton b Sb`mtfrb`d ndstoef sf vrdtbtb

nd Kefsf` jdjo cb sprbefblb dkfrbjb protuuadr b `befld svfkbrsjd cbtjd ef aoeklebvd. Dkfrbjbcroa oaldzb prfkd Kefsfù b ndpdad Nefkdju cdzu. Nbefk`b trpf iucbtjf b bnb sf ad ef stvdrrbeffnd.

Pukrdj coiovd

Jondno sf ndjon nfjolbjo pojuded nd poftju poslefanefi abefld poedvleuef b nefkdjb croaIttfrakkfruni Pukrdj coiovd (poslefaneb abo Nbcflunid). @beflb croa sf pojrff

zdmvdleueub pdkftnok kocblnok tflfhonu to ef jrdened pdroabed. Woion sdkoi croad ndbnefnoa flefzd jdo b oruef su cfsprbefjornb (iorbvo ef mflbe-0). V stvdrb spoe tfjf nd`bstbjf


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ioabnd zcbo tbefjok =7-bm ioabnd proloi stolefd. Qde ponovnb uspon UH-PV hblkdsuifrbrd ad sf rdab o dnru.

4.3. Undnstvfnd hdntdstbjd b strdvd b uds

Qmdnj you, sbr, sdba tmf mostfss. Rour `bty tmdnjs you: your `ountrytmdnjs you: your pldnft tmdnjs you. Cut tmf affpfst tmdnjs oh dll bshrok huturf ifnfrdtbons. (J. Xonnfiut, 3CS73C, VSL5 mttp5//fn.wbjbpfabd.ori/wbjb/3CS73C, prbstuplefno5 30. =. 3747.)

UH b PV

Woftdj zndnstvfnf hdntdstbjf ocblefdvd 4=4=. Ioabnd jdad bzldzb rokdn HrdnjfnstfbnKdryPmfllfy. Wrvb zndnstvfno-hdntdstbnb hblk ef hblk Iforifsd KlbsdLf Xoydif adns ld lunf(4273.), d nefiov ef uefano b prvb moror hblk te. Hblk Lf Kdnobr au Abdclf (4=28.) (vbab

Blustrd`beu 4)

Blustrd`bed 45Wut nd kefsf`(lbefvo),dvoleb avord`(afsno), (I. Klbs)(Bzvor5 mttp5//fn.wbjbpfabd.ori/wbjb/D_Qrbp_to_tmf_Koon, mttp5//fn.wbjbpfabd.ori/wbjb/Lf_Kdnobr_au_abdclf,

prbstuplefno5 43. 6. 3747.)

Qfkfleno svoestvo UH hblkovd b hblkovd PV efst to ad prbpdadeu poaruebkd joed sundflno nf-hblksjd b abo su `eflbnd tbm poarued (vbab Plbju 6). @eflbnf tbm poarued znddenoutefu nd svf flfkfntf pd tdjo b nd hblkovf. bnefnb`d ef ad postoef prfabvnf jrdtjf UH prbfjoef nbjdad nbsu cblf fjrdnbzbrdnf. Qokf ef tdjo aeflokbno zcoi tfmnbjbm rdzloid, d abeflokzdto to tf prbf znddeno oauadrdeu oa prototbpd dnrd (jdo tdjvf su novb probzvoab s vbsojbkrbzbjok oa iucbtjd uldidned).


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hblku). Pdstoeb sf oa efanf blb vbf s`fnd (prostorno vrfkfnsjb jontbnubrdnbm zcbvdned joed sfocbno oavbedeu nd efanok kefstu), d s`fnf sf sdstoef oa vbf jdarovd (bzldidldjbm abeflovdhblkd u joebkd sf s jontbnubrdnf tojf ilfabtd prdtb prbzor). Jolbjo f cbtb jdarovd u s`fnb bs`fnd u hblku ovbsb o jnebzb snbkdned, joed sdarb opbsf s`fnd, jdarovd s`fnf, pdrdkftrf tfrfaoslbefaf jdarovd. Jnebid snbkdned kof cbtb opbsnd tf u slbjdkd (fnil.storycodra).

V stdlnf jdrdjtfrbstbjf hblksjoi zdpbsd spdadeu prvfnstvfno jdadr b rdjurs. Hblksjbjdadr prfastdvled efadn nfprfjbnutb snbkdj jdkfrok, d bz pfrspfjtbvf ilfadtfled to ef efadn

nfprfjbnutb hblksjb snbkdj. Jrdtdj jdadr sf kof smvdtbtb b sdko jdo oiolefnb poadtdj, aoj sfu auiok jdaru uspostdvled fko`bondlnb, bntflfjtudlnb b kordlnb sdarde tf sf nd tde ndbn

postbf aoedk rfdlbstbnostb oanosno bstbnbtostb.Jdadr sf abeflb po nfjolbjo jrbtfrbed: s oczbroknd stdnef jdkfrf (stdtbjb b abndkbjb), pronb`dnef aucbnf (aucbnsjb b plonb), aulebnu b trdednef(auib, srfaneb b jrdtjb), prokdtrdd b prbpovefadd (ocefjtbvnb, sucefjtbvnb b dutorov jdadr). Ocefjtbvnb ef svdjb onde jdadr oanosno abo jdard joeb u ilfadtfled bzdzbvd osefde jdo ad ef

prbsustvovdo snbkdnok aoiddneu. Qdjdv jdadr sf ndeff upotrfcledvd jdad sf flb stvorbtbjvdlbtftd b aoedk ndarfdlbstbnostb,ocefjtbvnostb, aojukfntdrnostb b dutorovf sdkozdtdenostb uskbslu ad dutor nf flb svoeok sucefjtbvnou utef`dtb nd ilfadtflefvu prosuacu sbtud`bef.

Pucefjtbvnb jdadr sf po svok oclbeu nf rdzlbjuef oa ocefjtbvnoi jdard, osbk po tokf to kuprftmoab jdadr osocf joed ndkefrno ilfad u nfjok skefru, pd sf stoid sucefjtbvnb jdadr

aobvledvd poput sdarded joefi prokdtrd osocd bz proloi jdard. Pucefjtbvnb jdadr slub ad sfoanos s ojolbfk bzardkdtbzbrd, jdjo cb sf ilfadtfle upozndo sd svbeftok jdjvoi id vbab lbj ndhblku. Dutorov (rfadtflefv) jdadr efst onde u joefk sf nd ukeftdn ndbn pojdzueu bzrdzbtbef

prfocrdzcf svbeftd, ndeff pokou hototfmnbjbm trbjovd, posfcnbm tfmnbjd, ucrzdvdned jdardblb nefiovoi uspordvdned, ocrtdned blb zdustdvledned pojrftd. Nd tde ndbn prbvldb sf ilfadtflefvd

pozornost efr ef jdadr edsno bzkdnbpulbrdn, tf sf nefiovd jon`fntrd`bed usrfaotouef nd to to efdutor tono mtbo prfnbeftb tok porujok. Qdjdv jdadr ndzbvd sf eo b jdadr jokfntdrd cuaub addutor jokfntbrd svoe aobvlede jdard b pokou spf`bedlnbm fhfjdtd pojudvd prfnbeftb svoefosefdef ilfadtfleu.

Ojvbr ef prostornd jonstdntd hblkd. Wokou nefid sf stvdrd rfldtbvbzd`bed prbroanbmcrzbnd, vflbbnd b orbefntd`besjbm vrbefanostb, bkf sf u hblku stvdrdeu flefnf blb nfflefnfzdcunf, bznfndfned, rdzlbbtf aoseftjf, jdo b aobvlede hdntdstbnoid nd hblksjb ndbn. Qdjofr,

cuaub ad sf svbeft vbab unutdr nfjoi ojvbrd, postbf sf nf sdko aoedk bzdcrdnostb vbfnedsvbeftd, jdo ad ef to ilfadtflefv bzcor, nfio b aoedk oarffnf absjrftnostb prokdtrdned u joefksf poput vodefrd uldzb u nfjb svbeft.

Wolode jdkfrf sfikfntbrd sf nd pldnovf, jutovf snbkdned b stdned jdkfrf. Wldnok sfoznddvd uadlefnost jdkfrf oa snbkdnoi ocefjtd blb sjupbnf ocefjdtd, b to ond uadlefnostjdjvu ef ilfadtfle aobvledvd. Cuaub ad rdzlbbtf uadlefnostb ujdzueu nd novd svoestvd

prbjdzdnbm cbd b ocefjdtd, potrfcno ef oarfabtb jdjvd su to tono svoestvd b joed su nebmovd

uocbdefnd aeflovdned nd ilfadtfled. Plbefaf tbpbnf poaeflf pldnd, zd joef sf jdo kefrdzdprfkdned jdard uzbkd ovefj, prfkd joefku zdtbk ilfadtfle zdjleuuef b vflbbnu ostdlbm cbdjoed sf ndldzf ojo onoid nd pldtnu5 aftdleprbjdzuef kdlb abo nfjf eflbnf, nfto to sf vbf nf

cb koilo abeflbtb efr sf u tok sludeu nf cb rdspozndo prfakft (ojo, umo, ldndj u novbndkd) blbnfjb kdneb prfakft bz vflbjf clbzbnf (no, pfpfledrd). Aftdle zcoi svoef jon`fntrbrdnostb nd abonffid blb nfjoid osldcleuef ko vrfkfnsjf b prostornf orbefntd`bef: jrupnb pldn (iro-pldn) jdo ndefu kefru uzbkd leuasjo lb`f: tu koiu uldzbtb b prfakftb bed vflbbnd oaiovdrdjrupnok pldnu ovefjd. Vvbefj zrdb znddenou svoef poedvf nd hblku: upozndef ilfadtfled snfjok osocok jdo cbfk joef sf rdzlbjuef oa aruibm: nebkf sf upozndefko s bntfnzbtftokunutrdnefi bvotd osocf, s nefnbk kbslbkd b osefdebkd: clbsjb pldn, poprsef blb ovefj ao

poedsd: srfaneb pldn, btdv ovefj, oa ildvf ao pftf zd kefru uzbkd `befloi ovefjd,

okoiudvd edsno prbjdzbvdnef oanosd kfu leuabkd, nebkf sf u efanok jdaru kof bsjdzdtboanos bzkfu ovefjd b arutvd: ndstoeb sf ostvdrbtb to bntfnzbvnbeb aobvlede stvdrnostb u


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ilfadtfled. Woavrstd srfanefi pldnd ef tzv. dkfrbjb pldn (ovefj oa ildvf ao jolefnd oanosnovrmd pbtoled u hutrolb): polutotdlocumvdd `eflbnu joed ef vfd oa ovefjd, vbab sf sdko abo, dnf `beflo nefiovo ojruef, npr. abo ulb`f: totdl (opb pldn, adlfjo) pldn u joefk ef ocumvdfnbtdv prostor, prbkefrb`f tri blb irda. Xrlo fsto sf upotrfcledvd nd poftju hblkd blb nfjoi

prbzord jdjo cb sf ilfadtfled upozndlo s kefstok rdanef (fnil. fstdclbsmbni smot). Bkd vflbju

bnhorkdtbvnu vrbefanost cuaub ad sf prbjdzbvdnefk jdjvof ojolbd koiu rdzdzndtb uveftbbvotd leuab joeb u tok ojrufneuprfcbvdeu. Qotdl sf kof prbkefnebvdtb b jdjo cb sf upozndlbosefdeb prbjdzbvdnbm osocd, nebmovd sdkod, kdlfnjost, bta.

Sdzlbjueu sf trb osnovnd rdjursd, oanosno jutd snbkdned5 iorneb rdjurs (ptbedpfrspfjtbvd)lbnbed morbzontd u snbk`b ndldzb sf bznda iornefid rucd jdard blb u iornefk abeflujdard: jdkfrd ef bznda snbkdnoi ocefjtd. bnb ocefjt bnhfrbornbebk, sldcbebk, prfputfnbksuacbnb blb nfkonbk: aoneb rdjurs (dcled pfrspfjtbvd) jdkfrd ef bspoa snbkdnoi ocefjtd,lbnbed morbzontd ndldzb sf u aonefk abeflu jdard blb ef nfstdld poa nefiovbk aonebk rucok: bnbsf jdo ad ef snbkdnb ocefjt vbb oa jdkfrf. Aobvledvdnef ef efandjo onok leuasjok uzcblesjok ilfadneu ojolbd5 ocefjt ef supfrbornbeb, bkd stdnovbtu prfanost, postdvled sf nd

pbefafstdl: poedvleuef sf osefde bstbnsjf nfrvozf, osefde nffid uanoi, nfnorkdlnoib vbsbnd

obeu, oanosno rdzbnd jdkfrf, te. poilfad os ocefjtbvd usporfand ef s tlok nd joefku sfjdkfrd ndldzb

Ptdned jdkfrf abeflf sf nd stdtbno (probzvoab stdtbdn jdadr) b abndkbno stdnef, dabndkbno sf abeflb nd avd ildvnd tbpd jrftdned5 pdnordku (iaef ef jdkfrd prbvrfnd zd nfjokefsto tf sf rotbrd ojo svoef osb5 blb u morbzontdlnok blb u vfrtbjdlnok skefru) b voneu (jdkfrd

ef prbvrfnd zd nfjo pojrftno tlo s joebk sf pojrff) joed sf abeflb nd voneu prfkdundprbefa, voneu prfkd undtrdi, usporfanu, vfrtbjdlnu, jrdnsju b jrunu voneu.

Pvrmd ilfadned hblkd b svrmd bzrdaf hblkd rdzlbjueu sf utolbjo to sf ilfadtfle uputd uilfadnef u fleb ad stfjnf bsjustvo oarffnoi tbpd aobvleded, aoj ef `ble bzrdaf hblkd ubzdzbvdneu oarffnbm fko`bed joef f ilfadtfle aobveftb tbk hblksjbk aeflok. Wrfvldadvdeudsvrmd ilfadned hblkd ef u uputdneu u spf`bhbdn tbp aobvleded: jdjo cb sf bsjusblb oarffnbaoiddeb. Qde spf`bhbdn tbp aobvleded hblkd ef osnovnb rdzloi tfmnoloibef bzrdaf hblkd bilfadned hblkd. Jdjo cb hblk ilfadtfle uopf koido aobvledvdtb, potrfcno id ef stvorbtb prfkdnefiovbk tbpbnbk aobvledenbk sposocnostbkd, poput oseftblno-rfibstrd`besjf, pfr`fptbvnf,spozndenf, fkotbvnf, opfrdtbvnf: b rdund sf nd to ad f bm ilfadtfle b upotrfcledvdtb tojokhblkd. Nefiovf stdnadranf rfdj`bef rdzvbedeu sf poa nfstdnadranbk uveftbkd u joebkd sf ilfad

hblk.

Ilfadtfle prfjo hblkd kof proubtb, bsjorbstbtb svoef svdjoanfvnf aobvledenfsposocnostb poa nfstdnadranbk uveftbkd nebmovf prbkefnf b stfb novf aobvledef joef nbefbkdo prblbjf srfstb u vldstbtoe svdjoanfvb`b blb bm nbef vbabo bz ovoi dspfjtd. Jdad ilfadtfle

ponf ilfadtb hblk, on cbvd prfcdfn u nfjb aruib svbeft oa onoi u joefk sf ndldzb b u nefku sf

trfcd prbldioabtb pofvb oa flfkfntdrnbm sndldfned. Bntrbibrd id bsjudvdnef vldstbtbmsvdjoanfvnbm aobvledenbm sposocnostb poa nfstdnadranbk uveftbkd nebmovf prokefnf,stef`dnef novbm aobvleded jdjvf nf srff u vldstbtok bvotu blb bm nfkd tdjo rdzrdfnf bbntfnzbvnf. Bsjustvo ilfadtfleu prud oridnbzd`bed joeu bnf rfadtfleb, s`fndrbstb, proau`fntb,snbkdtfleb, kontdfrb, iluk`b, s`fnoirdhb, jostbkoirdhb bta., d joeb bkdeu bzrdfnf sposocnostbbzrdbvdned b prudned aobvledenbm bzdzovd.Ilfadtfle nf kord nuno smvdtbtb b prbmvdtbtb porujujoed ku ef mtefld cbtb prfnfsfnd bz rdzloid to nd tu jokunbjd`beu utefu rdznb julturnbbkcfnb`b. Wrbkefnd hblkd ef vbfhunj`bondlnd5 nebkf sf rdzrduef `beflb spfjtdr

kristijan krkač, krava na mjesecu, filozofija znanstveno-fantastičnih horor filmova, 2013

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