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8/6/2019 KT NUI TRNG NM M

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BI TIU LUN

K THUT NUI TRNG NM M

GVHD : TRN C VITSVTH : NHM 10-HSH5LT

PHM TH DIMT TH M HHONG TH THANH HNHPHM TH THY HNGHUNH TH PHNGNGUYN TH PHNG THANHTRN NGUYN HONG THNG QUANG TRUNG


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M U

Trc y phn ln nm n v nm dnglm dc liu t trong t nhin

Khng t cc loi nm c c th gy ngc

Nhu cu s dng ngy cng nhiu

Xut hin ngh trng nm vi cc ging cchn lc va m bo an ton, va c nm chtlng cao, li va c th sn xut quy m ln.


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Hin nay cc khu vc sn xut ch yu lTy u, Bc M v mt s nc chu nh Trung Quc, Triu Tin,

Vit Nam, vic nui trng nm m chmi xut hin trong vi nm gn y, chyu tp trung mt s vng c kh hugn ging n i ( Lt, mt s vng min Bc...).


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NI DUNG

1. c im sinh hc ca nm m

2. Gi tr dinh dng v dc liu

3. K thut trng nm4. Chm sc v thu hi nm

5. V sinh phng nui trng v phng

tr su bnh hi nm6. Hiu qu kinh t v tiu th sn phm


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1. c im sinh hc ca nm m

Nm m c tn khoa hc l Agaricus gm2 loi A.bisporus v A.bitorquis mu trng,

mu nu


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Chu k pht trin ca nm m

Trn phin nm c cc m, khi chn slm bay ra cc bo t m hnh bu dc


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Chu trnh pht trin ca nm m

Qu th

N nm

Th sinm

Si nm th cpsong nhn n bi(n + n), giao phinhn (2n)

Si nm s cp(n)

Bo t ny mm

Bo t m

Tip hp


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Nhng iu kin cn ch

T l C:N- mi trng nui trng khong 17:1- Nguyn liu ban u thng c t l C:N tt nht vo

khong 30-33- Sau qu trnh ln men ( ng) t l C:N s gimxung ti mc thch hp, vo khong 17:1

Ca: thng dng thch cao CaSO4, CaCO3

P: thng dng supe ln K,S v mt s nguyn t vi lng(Fe,Cu,Mo,Zn..).


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Vitamin: B1 B2, H, B6, acid Folic, acidPantotenic

Mt s cht kch thch s tng trng cathc vt (nh IAA, NAA, Triacontanol-TRIA,..) m: khi si nm pht trin

- m trong c cht khong 60%.- m tng i ca khng kh trong phng

nui trng nm nn duy tr khong 90%

thong kh:

- si nm m thch hp pht trin trong iukin nng CO2 khong 0.1-0.5%.- Khi ra qu th nng CO2 trong mi trngcn vo khong 0.03-0.1%.


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PH:thch hp cho s pht trin ca h si

nm m l 5.5-8.5, tt nht l khong pH = 7.

nh sng: cng ti cng tt

Nhit : thch hp trong giai on h si phttrin l 24-250C, giai on hnh thnh cy nml 16-180C.


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2. Gi tr dinh dng ca nm m


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V dc liu

- kch thch tiu ha.

- c ch t cu vng, trc khun thng

hn v trc khun E. coli.

- gim ng mu, h nng cholesterol

trong huyt thanh v ci thin chc nng

tuyn ty.


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2. K thut nui trng

nm m


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Ph t

Ti nc

Nui si

Cy ging

Chm sc v thu hi

To mm qu th

Bt nhFocmol

Ry sng

Ncvi

Phi trn

t i

t x l

B ma

Rm kh

Phi trn

Ln men ph

o trn 4 ln

o trn

Cht ng

Vo lung

Lm t

Nc vi c pH=12-13

S quy trnh nui trng nm m


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Chun b nguyn liu

Lm t:- Ho vi vo nc to dung dch (c 1 tn rmkh th dng 20kg vi t)

- nc vi gn trong t t vo b ngm,nhn chm rm r trong 15-30 pht. Rm rchuyn sang mu vng nht. Vt ra ro 3-5pht ri em


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Ngm rm vi nc vi Vi rm khi ni v lm ro


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ng:


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C xp rm r ln cao 30-50cm th

ngng li rc mt lp ur ri tip mtlp rm r khc cao 30-50cm, li rc tipure sao cho ng cao ti 1.5-1.8m vc 1 tn rm r ch dng va ht 5kg ur

Nhng ln o trn v b sung ln (30kgphn ln cho 1 tn rm kh) cng nh bt

nh (1 tn rm kh dng ht 30kg btnh) cng lm tng t


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ng


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K lt ng : Dng tre hoc g ng

theo kiu dt ging cch mt t 15-20cm.

Cc tre hoc g : C ng knh 10-15cm, chiu di 2-2.2m, dng thng kh

trong qu trnh nguyn liu


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Mc ch ca vic ng: khi s xy raqu trnh ln men lm nhit tng ln khong

70-750C. nhit ny:- cc vi sinh vt (tr bo t ca chng), cc loi

cn trng, tuyn trng u cht ht

- x khun a nhit phn gii mnh cellulose,hemicellulose, lignin thnh cc ng phn tthp


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Cy ging

Ging nm: c th c nhn trn cc c cht khcnhau : ht i mch, thc, mn ca, v tru, bng vn,rm r

Yu cu cht lng ging:

- Khng b nhim bnh : Quan st bn ngoi ging cmu trng ng nht, si nm mc u t trn xungdi, khng c mu xanh, en, vngkhng c ccvng loang l.

- Ging c mi thm d chu : Nu c mi chua, kh chul ging b nhim vi khun, nm di

- Ging khng gi hoc non


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Cy ging

Sau khi vo lung 7ngy (ln men ph), kim trat0 22-250C, khng mi NH3 th ta cy ging.

Dng co lm bng thp c 3-5 rng, cc rngdi 5cm, cch nhau 3cm, cn di hay ngn tuiu kin c th, co theo mt hng (hocngang hoc dc) trn mt lung to rnh.

Bp ging ti ra v rc vo nhng ng rnh

co trn mt lung (1m chiu di ca lung th dngth 1 ti ging c si nm mc trng ht 0.5kg)


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Ph mt lp mng nguyn liu ln trn b mtlung, dy khong 1.0-1.5cm.

Dng giy bo hay giy bao xi mng ph kn

ton b b mt lung Phun m nc lm m trn khp b mt lp

giy ph. To m nh vy trong 15 ngy

n ngy th 15 b lp giy ph trn mt lung

ra v kim tra t nm mcNu t s chuyn sang giai on ph t


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Ph t

t ph c kt cu vin, giu cht hu c, c pH=7, kch thc 0.3-1cm.

Chun b t:

- C 1 tn nguyn liu cn chun b 500kg t.- Ly t rung nho nn tht k, ln trn ri khoanh li

nh mt chic vng ln ni rm mt 12 gi

- Tri mng t ra v phi trn sn. Dng dung dchFormol 0.05% hay 1.1% phun vo t nhm kh

trng t. Phi t 15 ngy, tri ma th che y, khinng li m ra phi.


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Chm sc v thu hi nm


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m v vic ti tiu:

- Khi pht hin thy qu th nm bt u xuthin lm tm th phi tng thm s ln phun m

- Tu thuc vo thi gian, thi tit, mt v ln cy nm iu chnh h thng ca ra vov lng nc ti- Khng ti tp trung mt ch v khng nc thm su xung lp gi th.


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thng thong (thong kh)

- Thi k nui si khng cn nhiu oxy t nhinnn ch cn thng khng kh va phi. Ngy mca 2 ln, mi ln 15-20 pht l c.

- Thi k nm ln, s dng nhiu O2 t nhin,

nng CO2 trong phng tng cao. Tng cngm ca nhiu ln trong ngy iu ho khngkh.

- Khi nhit khng kh thp hn nhit phng th cn thng thong nhit phnggim xung nhanh hn v ngc li.


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Hi Nm- T lc nm xut hin n khi thu hi c qu

th l vo khong 72 gi (chn nm mc lnc khong 2-3cm) v trc giai on rchmng bao

- Mt tay gi phn t st chn nm, mt tay tvo chn nm, nh thng ln cho ra c phn r.

- Hi nm xong cn nht b cc r gi, nm nhb cht, nu thy b mt lung c ch no b lm

xung th phi dng t d tr b sung vo ngay.Sau khi hi mi t phi phun m ngay gim.


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V sinh phng nui trng nm v

phng su bnh hi nm


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V sinh nh nui trng nm

Cc nh nui trng nm m cn sch v kn,cng ti cng tt, khng nn m ca ra vonhiu, phi c h thng thng gi.

Sau mi t nui trng nm cn dng li 5 ngy lm v sinh v kh trng phng nui. Dngvi bt rc ton b nh xng (5kg vibt/100m2), sau dng Formol nng 0.05%

hay 0.1% phun xng 5h


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Virus v cc loi vi khun: to cc im en

trn cy nm nguyn liu khng m bo, cn nhiumm bnh trong nguyn liu, mi trng nui trngkhng sch s, ngun t ph khng c kh trnghoc kh trng khng c tt

Bnh qu th nm d dng: nm khng hnhthnh qu th y do cc yu t mi trng (nhit, m, khng kh) thay i t ngt, do nm b thoiho


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6. Hiu qu kinh t trong sn xut nm

m & t chc tiu th sn phm

Nguyn liu,vt t S lng (kg) n gi (/kg) Thnh tin ()Rm r kh 1.000 300 300.000

Ging nm 15 18.000 270.000

m ur 5 5.000 25.0

m Sulfatamoni 20 4.500 90.000

Bt nh 30 2.500 75.000

Ln 30 2.000 60.000

Cng lao ng 20cng 30.000 600.000

Chi ph khc 70.000

Cng 1.490.000


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Doanh thu (1tn nguyn liu)

- Tnh theo nng sut trung bnh, t l thuhi sn phm so vi nguyn liu khong30%

Nm ti: 250kg x 6.500/kg = 1.650.000 Li nhun

Nm ti: 1.625.000 - 1.490.000 = 135.000


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Tiu th sn phm:

- ch yu di dng nm ti- dng nm sy kh, nm mui hoc nm nghp

- Cc th trng tiu th nm nh:

Cc ch a phngSiu th

Nh hng

Khch snTi c s sn xut

- Gi nm thng thay i theo ma


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KT LUN

Nm m ph hp vi kh hu vng n i

C gi tr cao v dinh dng v dc liu

Cng ngh khng phc tp, nguyn liu dkim

Cung cp ngun thc phm tiu dng hngngy v c th kim thm thu nhp

Thi gian quay vng vn ngn v s chnm khng kh


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Nhng vn cn tho lun

Ging nm: phn ln cc loi nm ca ta trcy u nhp khu hoc su tm ngoi tnhin, khng c kho nghim tuyn chn klng nn nng sut thp, cht lng khng

cao, khng ng u tiu chun xutkhu.

Cc vin, phn vin v cc trung tmkhoa hc cng ngh cn nghin cu mts ging nm, sn xut th nghim


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Th trng tiu th:

- Cn m bo u ra cho cy nm n nh,rng ri

- Cc n v kinh doanh ch bin v xut khunm cng cn trin khai nhng d n h tr sn

xut, tiu th sn phm cho nhiu a bn trongc nc

- Khu mua bn gia cc c s ch bin, xutkhu vi ngi trng nm cn tnh trng p, bt

b ngi sn xut

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