kuliah anatomi kardiovaskular fk usk 2012 - pdf
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Anatomy Cardiovascular
System
Yopie Afriandi Habibie, Dr, SpBTKV
Bedah Toraks Kardio Vaskular
FK Unsyiah RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin
Banda Aceh, 2012
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The cardiovascular system
Structure and organization of blood vessels
Structure of the heart
The cardiac cycle
Conducting system of the heart
GOALS :
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Functions of the Heart
Generating blood pressure
Routing blood Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
Ensuring one-way blood flow
Heart valves ensure one-way flow
Regulating blood supply Changes in contraction rate and force match blood
delivery to changing metabolic needs
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What is theCardiovascular System ..?
Heart Arteries Arterioles Veins Venules Capillaries
The heart is a double pump
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The double pump
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3 Kinds of Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation
Coronary circulation
Systemic circulation
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Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs,
and back to the heart again
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Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughoutthe body , except for the heart and lungs
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Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy
Fetal CirculationNo circulation to lungs
Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosum
Circulation must go to placentaUmbilical aa., vv.
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The CV system has 3 types of blood vessels:
Arteries (arterioles) carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries where nutrient and gas exchange occured
Veins ( venules) carry blood toward the heart.
The Blood Vessels
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The Blood Vessels
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Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart.
The largest artery is theAORTA.
The middle layer of an artery wall consists of smooth
muscle that can constrict to regulate blood flow and BP
Arterioles can constrict or dilate, changing BP.
The Arteries
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Venulesdrain blood from capillaries then join to form
veins that take blood to the heart.
Much less smooth muscle & connective tissue.
Valvesprevent the back flow of blood when closed. Carry about 70% of the bodys blood & act as a reservoir
during hemorrhage.
The Veins
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Anatomy of a capillary bed
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The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ located
between the lungs behind the sternum.
The heart muscle forms the myocardium, with tightlyinter connect cells of cardiac muscle tissue.
The pericardium is the outer membranous sac withlubricating fluid.
Stucture of The Heart
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Heart Anatomy
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Pericardial Layers of the Heart
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Heart Wall
Three layers of tissue :
Epicardium This serous membrane of smoothouter surface of heart
MyocardiumMiddle layer composed of cardiacmuscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting
Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heartchambers
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Heart Wall
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4 chambers two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower,thick-walled ventricles. The septum is a wall dividing the rightand left sides.
Heart Chamber :
Auricles LAA & RAA
Major veins
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Major arteries
Aorta and Pulmonary trunk
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External Heart : Anterior View
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Heart Valves
Atrioventricular
Tricuspid Bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar
Aortic
Pulmonary
Prevent blood fromflowing back
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Coronary Circulation
Coronary circulationis the functional bloodsupply to the heart muscle itself
Collateral routesensure blood delivery to heart
even if major vessels are occluded
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Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply
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Coronary Circulation: Venous Supply
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Coronary artery circulation
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The Cardiac Cycle
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Blood Flow
Through Heart
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Each heart beat is called a cardiac cycle
When the heart beats, the two atria contract together,
then the two ventricles contract; then the whole heartrelaxes.
Systole is the contraction of heart chambers; diastole istheir relaxation.
The heart sounds, lub-dup, are due to the closing of theatrioventricular valves, followed by the closing of thesemilunar valves.
The Heart beat
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Heart Sounds
First heart sound or
lubb
AV valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves
close at beginning of ventricular systole
Second heart sound ordupp Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary
semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole,lasts longer
Third heart sound (occasional)
Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles anddetected near end of first one-third of diastole
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Location of Heart Valves
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Conducting System of Heart
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Conducting System of Heart
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The SA (sinoatrial) node, orpacemaker, initiates theheart beat and causes the atria to contract on average
every 0.85 seconds.
TheAV (atrioventricular) node conveys the stimulusand initiates contraction of the ventricles.
The signal for the ventricles to contract travels fromthe AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to thesmallerPurkinje fibers.
Intrinsic Control of Heart beat
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Terima Kasih