kuliah teori ars i-1st.pdf

31
7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 1/31 teori arsitektur I Introduction

Upload: rizky-ilhamsyah

Post on 03-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 1/31

teori arsitektur I

Introduction

Page 2: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 2/31

The Ancient City of Bam

Eastern Kermān province, Iran, Sāsānian dynasty (224 –651 CE)

Page 3: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 3/31

FIRMITAS|UTILITAS|VENUSTASdurability , convenience , and beauty 

The term theory of architecture was originally simply the accepted

translation of the Latin term ratiocinatio as used by Vitruvius, a Roman

architect-engineer of the 1st century AD

Page 4: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 4/31

De Architectura book 1

(c.25 BC),

VITRUVIUS 

Six principles of architecture,

which are

Order|taxis|modul, simetri,

aturan

Arrangement|diathesis|design,denah, elevasi, tata ruang

Eurythmy|eurythmos|proportion,

numerical ratios

Symmetry| proper harmony of the

parts to each other and to the whole

Propriety| pantas, cocok

Economy| cost, biaya

The five Orders, the Encyclopaedia Brittanica

Page 5: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 5/31

The Symbolism of Churches

and

Church Ornaments (1286),WILLIAM DURANDUS 

The glass windows in a church

are Holy Scriptures, which expel the

wind and the

rain, that is all things hurtful, but

transmit the light of the true

Sun, that is, God, into

the hearts of the faithful

The piers of the church are bishops 

and doctors: who specially sustain the

Church of 

God by their doctrine

Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, French

Page 6: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 6/31

 

On the Art of Building(1443 –52)LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI 

Alberti gives the earliest

definition of the role of the architect.

The architect is to be concerned 

firstly with the construction. This

encompasses all the practical matters

of site, of materials and their

limitations and of human capability.The second concern is

"articulation"; the building must work

and must please and suit the needs of 

those who use it. The third concern

of the architect is aesthetics, both of 

proportion and of ornament.

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo) in Florence, constructed between 1296

and 1436 (dome by Filippo Brunelleschi, 1420 –36).

Page 7: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 7/31

Architecture Course

(1675)FRANÇOI S BLONDEL

Architecture is the art of building well. Agood building is one that is solid,commodious, healthy, and pleasing. Thefirst thing that the architect must do is tolocate a proper site to place his building,the choice of which is made by goodwater, clean and pure air, a well exposedsite that is not subject to vapors andgases that render habitations unhealthyor infected. It is for the architect todispose and to divide his particularspaces in such a way that the parts relateto each other with an agreeableproportion and justness, each beingconvenient and separated withoutencumbrance. He must know the natureof the terrain, the stone, wood, lime,and other materials, and employ themwith such prudence and care that thefoundations will be solid, the wallsstrong, the wood well-joined, andeverything so well laid that nothingcontradicts it. Then he must take care toembellish the facades of his buildingwith ornaments that are proper anddisposed with regard to the doors,windows, and other parts; in theirarrangement they must please and satisfythe eyes that regard them.

Elaborately carved and painted gallery characteristic of French Renaissance design: The

château of Fontainebleau, Gallery of Francis I, c. 1533 –45.

Page 8: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 8/31

Notes for a textbook

on Architecture (c.1835)

KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL 

all architectural forms were based onthree basic ideas:

(1) on forms of construction;

(2) on forms possessing traditional or historical importance;

(3) on forms meaningful in themselves

and taking their model from nature.

Königschauspelhaus, Berlin (1818)

Page 9: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 9/31

ETHYMOLOGY

The word "architecture" comes from the Latin, "architectura" and 

ultimately from Greek,"arkitekton", αρχιτεκτων  , an architect, or more

 precisely "master builder", from the combination of αρχι a "chief" or "leader" and τεκτων  , a "builder" or "carpenter .”   – wikipedia

Page 10: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 10/31

DEFINITION

Architecture is the art and science of designingbuildings and other physical structures. A wider definition

often includes the design of the total built environment from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design,

and landscape architecture to the microlevel of construction details and, sometimes, furniture – wikipedia.org

Page 11: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 11/31

PRIMARY ELEMENTS

Page 12: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 12/31

Primary Elements

point (titik), line (garis), plane(bidang), volume (ruang)

Page 13: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 13/31

POINT|TITIK

A Point marks a position in space. Conceptually it

has no length, width, or depth, and is thereforestatic, centralize and directionless |Sebuah titik menandai

sebuah posisi dalam ruang, secara konseptual ia tidak memiliki panjang,

lebar atau dalam, sehingga statik, terpusat, dan tanpa arah

Page 14: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 14/31

Point|Titik

Sebagai elemen primer daribentuk, titik berperan sebagaipenanda:

• Kedua ujung dari sebuahgaris

• Perpotongan atara dua garis

Pertemuan garis-garis padasudut sebuah bidang atauvolume

• Pusat sebuah bidang

Walaupun titik secara teoritis tidakmemiliki bentuk, keberadaannya mulai

terasa jika diletakkan pada medan visual(visual fields). Di pusat, sebuah titikmenjadi stabil dan mendominasisekitarnya. Ketika dipindahkan dari pusat,medan di sekitarnya menjadi lebih agresif dan mulai bersaing supremasi visual.

Page 15: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 15/31

Point elements

Page 16: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 16/31

LINE|GARIS

A point extended becomes a line. Conceptually, a linehas length, but no width or depth. Whereas a point is bynature static, a line in describing the path of a point iscapable of visually expressing direction, movement, andgrowth|sebuah titik yg dipanjangkan menjadi sebuah garis. Secara

konseptual, garis memiliki panjang namun tanpa lebar dan dalam. Berbeda dgntitik yang statis, sebuah garis mampu mengekspresikan arah, gerak dantumbuhnya sebuah titik

Page 17: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 17/31

Line|Garis

Sebuah garis adalahelemen penting dalam

pembentukan setiap

konstuksi visual

Sebuah garis berperan:• Menghubungkan, mendukung,

atau memotong elemen visual lain

• Mendeksripsikan batas dan

memberi bentuk pada bidang

• Mengartikulasi sebuah

permuakaan bidang

Page 18: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 18/31

Line|Garis

Meskipun garis secara teoritishanya memiliki 1 dimensi, ia

harus mempunyai ketebalan

untuk dapat terlihat.

Karakter sebuah garis apakah

kurus, atau lemah, tebal, halusatau kasar, ditentukan oleh

persepsi kita terhadap panjangnya

 – rasio lebar, kontur, dan tingkat

keberlanjutannya.

Page 19: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 19/31

Linear elements

Page 20: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 20/31

PLANE|BIDANG

A line extended in a direction other than its intrinsic

direction becomes a plane. Conceptually, a planehas length and width but no depth| sebuah garis yang

dipanjangkan kearah selain arah aslinya menjadi sebuah bidang. Secarakonseptual, sebuah bidang memiliki panjang dan lebar, tapi tidak memiliki dalam

Page 21: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 21/31

Plane|Bidang

Shape adalah karakteristikutama dalam mengenali

sebuah bidang.

Bentuk ditentukan oleh oleh

kontur garis yang membentuk

batas-batas sebuah bidang

Properti tambahan dari sebuah

bidang-seperti warna permukaan,

pola, dan tekstur- mempengaruhi

berat visual dan stabilitasnya

Page 22: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 22/31

Planar elements

Page 23: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 23/31

VOLUME|RUANG

A plane extended in a direction other than its

intrinsic direction becomes a volume, conceptually,

a volume has three dimensions: length, width, anddepth|sebuah bidang yang dipanjangkan kearah selain dari arah aslinya

menjadi sebuah ruang, secara konseptual, sebuah ruang memiliki tiga dimensi:

panjang, lebar dan dalam

Page 24: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 24/31

Volume|Ruang

Form adalah karakterisktikutama dalam

mengidentifikasi volume. Ia

disusun oleh bentuk dan hubungan

antara bidang yang menyatakan batas

batas ruang

Sebagai elemen 3 dimensi dalam

desain arsitektur, sebuah ruang bisa

berupa solid atau void

Page 25: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 25/31

Volumetric elements

Page 26: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 26/31

FORM

Page 27: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 27/31

Page 28: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 28/31

Circle|Lingkaran

Lingkaran bersifatterpusat, introvert,

biasanya stabil dan

menjadi titik pusat dari

sekelilingnya.

Page 29: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 29/31

Triangle|Segitiga

Segitiga adalah

stabilitas, ketika bertumpu

pada salah satu sisinya,

segitiga adalah figur yang

sangat stabil.

Namun ketika bertumpu pada salah

satu sudutnya, ia bisa menjadi

seimbang atau menjadi tidak stabil

dan cenderung untuk jatuh menimpa

ke arah sisinya

Page 30: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 30/31

Square|Persegi

Persegi mewakilikemurnian dan rasional. Ia

memiliki figur statis dan

netral yang tidak memiliki

arah tertentu.

Seperti segitiga, persegi juga statis

ketika bertumpu pada salah satu

sisinya, dan menjadi dinamik jika

diletakkan pada salah satu sudutnya.

Page 31: kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

7/28/2019 kuliah teori ars I-1st.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kuliah-teori-ars-i-1stpdf 31/31

THANK YOU

[email protected]: Architecture: Form Space and Order (Ching); Encyclopaedia Britannica; Architectural Theory vol. I (Malgrave);

en.wikipedia.org\architecture