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Kuliah Umum
Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional
Benyamin Lakitan
Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa 14 November 2014
Amanah Konstitusi
“Pemerintah memajukan iptek dengan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama dan persatuan bangsa
untuk memajukan peradaban serta kesejahteraan umat manusia”
Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pasal 31 Ayat (5)
Tantangan ke Depan
Less land
Less water
Climate changes
More food
Higher quality
Safer
The Challenges
• HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
• POPULATION
GROWTH
• ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
• CONVERSION
• DEGRADATION
OBJECTIVES
CONSTRAINTS
Population Growth
Food Demand
Agricultural Land
Increase Urban Area
Land Conversion
Land Degradation
Agric. Intensification
Income Growth
Animal-based Food Demand
Agric. Extensification
Decrease Availability
Increase Demand
Use of resources has reached substantial proportions
• In 2005, agriculture occupied about 38% of the global land area (FAOSTAT, 2007)
• Agriculture would need an area equivalent to one half and two-third of the current terrestrial land area by 2030 and 2070, respectively
Schneider et al. (2011)
Tidak Sesuai
46% Sesuai
54%
UNTUK PERTANIAN
Sudah
64%
Belum
36%
DIKELOLA
TOTAL 188,2 juta hektar
34%
SESUAI 100,7 juta hektar
DIKELOLA 64,1 juta hektar
INDONESIA
POPULATION GROWTH 6.5 billion to 9 billion by 2050
BURDEN ON LAND
CLIMATE CHANGE
ENERGY DEMAND INCREASE
FOOD DEMAND INCREASE
OTHER DEMANDS FOR LAND
BIO
FUEL
PRODUCTIVITY
CONVERSION
DIR
ECT
OIL PRICE FOOD PRICE
RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES
Increase in demand for food and agricultural products, decrease in land availability, and effort to improve farmers’ prosperity have led to urgency for intensifying agricultural activities and improving value of produced products
Land Availability
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Population growth
Prosperity increase
Food & Non-food demands
Required agricultural
Land
Land degradation
Land conversion
Limited Availabile
land
Intensive agriculture
SQHV agricultural
products
Efficient use of resources
BIO INDUSTRY
Water scarcity, not a lack of arable land, that will be the major constraint
to increased food production over the next few decades
Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)
Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)
• Only 19% of agricultural land cultivated through irrigation supplies 40% of the world’s food (Molden et al., 2010)
• Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of water, accounting for about 80% of global water use (Molden et al., 2007).
Kondisi yang Dituju
Ketahanan Pangan
adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara
sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah
maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau serta tidak bertentangan
dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif
secara berkelanjutan.
Boleh dari impor
(policy brief FAO 2006)
UU Pangan
2012
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World Food Summit, 1996
Kemandirian Pangan
adalah kemampuan negara dan bangsa dalam
memproduksi pangan yang beraneka ragam dari dalam negeri yang dapat menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan yang cukup sampai di tingkat
perseorangan dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam, manusia, sosial, ekonomi, dan
kearifan lokal secara bermartabat.
UU Pangan
2012
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Kedaulatan Pangan
adalah hak negara dan bangsa yang secara mandiri
menentukan kebijakan pangan yang menjamin hak atas pangan bagi rakyat dan yang memberikan hak bagi masyarakat untuk menentukan sistem pangan
yang sesuai dengan potensi sumber daya lokal.
UU Pangan
2012
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Declaration of Nyéléni, 2007
SUSTAINABLE
WELFARE
ECO-FRIENDLY
LOCAL RESOURCES
STABILITY
UTILIZATION
ACCESS
AVAILABILITY
SECURITY SOVEREIGNTY
ORIENTASI PRODUSEN
ORIENTASI KONSUMEN
• EKONOMI • POLITIK
• INKLUSIF • EKOLOGIS
Peluang Berkiprah
Lakitan (2011)
OFF FARM
ON FARM
BUDIDAYA [PRODUKSI]
SAPROTAN [INPUT]
ALSINTAN [INPUT]
PENANGANAN HASIL
PENGOLAHAN HASIL
PEMASARAN
LEMBAGA PENUNJANG
AGROINDUSTRI
BUDIDAYA
AGROINDUSTRI HULU Peningkatan Produksi
AGROINDUSTRI HILIR Penurunan Kehilangan Hasil
Riset Pangan
produksi distribusi konsumsi
pasca panen
pasar
TEKNO BUDIDAYA TEKNO
KEMASAN
TEKNO PENGOLAHAN
SISTEM INFO & PEMASARAN
TEKNO KEAMANAN
PANGAN
GIZI
TEKNO TRANSPORTASI
alsintan
saprotan
RANCANG-BANGUN ALSIN
BIO-MATERIAL
PEMULIAAN & TEKNO BENIH
KULINER
Aksi yang Relevan
Technology is clearly needed to increase productivity. Agriculture-related colleges and research institutions in Indonesia have the required capacity to develop agricultural technology. However, ...
R&D Capacity
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... most of the indigenous technologies are not relevant to real needs and/or problems of domestic farmers. Even if the technologies are substantially relevant; in many cases, they are not finacially affordable by domestic farmers, do not significantly increase profit if used, and/or less competitive compared to similar technologies available in the market.
Not Demand-
Driven
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Sistem Inovasi
PENGEMBANG
TEKNOLOGI
PENGGUNA
TEKNOLOGI
1 INFORMASI
KEBUTUHAN
& PROBLEMA
2 PAKET
TEKNOLOGI
SENSITIVITAS
RELEVANSI
KAPASITAS
ADOPSI
KETERBUKAAN
Fasilitator
Intermediator
Regulator
Perguruan
Tinggi
Petani
What is not disseminated and used is not an innovation
• The World Bank (2010)
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4 Pre-requisites for Technology to be Used
1. Relevant to User’s Need
2. Within Range of User’s Absorptive Capacity 3. Increase Profit
4. Competitive to Similar Technology Available in the Market
Required Technology
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Socially Inclusive
Transforming current traditional agriculture into bioindustry-oriented agribusiness should be executed
by gradually inserting newly introduced practices while continuing traditional ones so that local community will
not be left behind.
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Traditional knowledge and local wisdom
have to be treated as reference in developing technology
for establishing productive agriculture
Inclusive & Gradual
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Accumulated Experiences
Traditional Knowledge
Grassroots Innovation
Local Wisdom
Developed Technology
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
PR
OD
UC
TIV
E
GRASSROOTS INNOVATION
ECONOMIC DIMENSION
SOC
IAL
DIM
ENSI
ON
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L D
IMEN
SIO
N
New Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture (Lakitan, 2014)
http://benyaminlakitan.com
http://benyaminlakitan.com