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Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä

Ip«nIfpsS AhImikwc£W¯n\mbn D−mb BZys¯ Iq«mb kwcw`w 1902 Â

tNÀ¶ Hague Conference on Private International law BWv. Cu tIm¬{^³knÂ

‘Best Interest of the child’ ]cnKWn¡Wsa¶pw Xocpam\ambn. AXmbXv Ip«nbpambn

_Ôs¸« Imcy§fn Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ Ip«nIfpsS \·¡am{Xambncn¡Ww

ap³Xq¡w. C¶pw Ip«nIfpsS Imcy§fn Xocpam\saSp¡pt¼mÄ \ap¡v aäp ]e

Xmev]cy§Ä¡pw ap³Xq¡w \ÂtI−nhcp¶ntÃ?. kzoUnjv s^an\nÌmb Ellenkey 1903 Â

FgpXnb ‘The century of the child’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯nemWv i_vZn¡m³ Ignbm¯

Ip«nIfpsS ‘i_vZw’ BZyambn apg§nt¡«Xv. 20þmw \qäm−nsâ XpS¡¯nend§nb Cu

]pkvXIw temI hym]Iambn hmbn¡s¸SpIbpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§sf¸än Häbv¡pw

Iq«mbpw Nn´n¡m³ CShcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£ Hcp \qäm−n\ptijhpw \½psS

cmPy v̄ Ip«nIfpsS ØnXn F´mWv? XpSÀ¶v 1919  A´mcmjvSsXmgn kwLS\ (ILO)

Ip«nIsf sXmgnÂimeIfn \nban¡pt¼m−mbncnt¡− Ipdª {]mbw, AhÀ¡p

\ÂInbncnt¡− aäp kmlNcy§Ä F¶nh \nÝbn¨p. A¶p ]t£ _methe

\ntcm[n¡m³ IgnªnÃ.

]n¶oSv Cu cwK¯pImcyamb apt¶äap−mbXv 1924  \S¶ P\oh a\pjymhImi

kt½f\t¯mS\p_Ôn¨p−mb {]Jym]\amWv. CXn Ip«nIfpsSAhImiw {]tXyI

hnjbambn AhXcn¸n¨p. 1920 Â sdUv t{Imkv skmsskän XpS§nb “tkhv Zn NnÂ{U³

CâÀ\mjW bqWnb³’ F¶ kwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\amWv P\oh {]Jym]\¯nte¡v

hgn sXfn¨Xv.

Geneva Declaration of the right of the Child

1. Ip«nIfsS kzm`mhnI hnIk\¯n\mhiyamb `uXnIhpw Bßobhpamb

kmlNcy§Ä e`yam¡pI.

2. hni¡p¶ Ip«nIÄ¡p `£Whpw tcmK_m[nXÀ¡p NnInÕbpw, A\mYÀ¡pw

]mÀ¸nSanÃm¯hÀ¡pw kwc£Whpw ]mÀ¸nSkuIcyhpw \ÂIpI.

3. FÃm¯cw k¦S§fnÂ\n¶pw ZpchØIfn \n¶pw Ip«nIÄ¡p tamN\w \ÂIpI.

4. FÃm¯cw NqjW§fn \n¶pw Ip«nIÄ¡p tamN\w \ÂIn a\ptjymNnXamb

PohnXkmlNcyw Hcp¡pI.

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5. klPohnItfmSp tkh\]cambn CSs]Sp¶Xn\pw kZvKpW§Ä

t]mjn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Bhiyamb Aht_m[w \ÂIpI.

]¯p hÀj§Ä¡ptijw 1934  eohv Hm^v t\j³kv ta¸dª Imcy§sf

]p\x{IaoIcn¡pIbpw Iq«nt¨À¡epIÄ hcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v 1948 sebpw

bp.F³. C¡tWmanIkv Bâv tkmjy Iu¬knensâ a\pjymhImi{]Jym]\¯nsâ

NphSp]nSn¨v 1959  Ip«nIfpsS AhImi {]Jym]\ap−mbn. CXn taÂ]dª

AhImi§Ä¡p ]pdsa KÀ`mhØbnepw A\´chpw Ip«nIÄ¡p e`nt¡− AhImi§Ä

Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«p.

1989  Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä F¶ Hä AP− am{Xw h¨v bp.F³ P\dÂ

Akw»n tNcpIbpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi{]Jym]\w \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. Ip«nIfpsS

AhImi§fpsS amáImÀ« F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Cu {]Jym]\w Hä FXnÀthm«p t]mepanÃmsX

]mÊmhpIbpw, C´ymbpÄs¸sSbpff cmPy§Ä ]mÀesaân NÀ¨ sNbvXv

AwKoIcn¡pIbpw AX\pkcn¨pff \nba\nÀamWw cmPy§fn \S¶psIm−ncn¡pIbpw

sN¿p¶p.

Child Right Connension 1989

(CRC 1989) Cu {]Jym]\¯n 54 BÀ«n¡nfpIfmbn Ip«nIfpsS hnhn[§fmb

AhImi§sf]än {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. Cu AhImi§sf s]mXphn A©v taJeIfnembn

Xncn¡mw

taJe DZmlcWw 1 Civil Rights imcocnI, am\knI]oV\¯n \n¶pfftamN\w 2 Political Rights Ip«nIfpsS A`n{]mb§Ä¡pam\yamb Øm\wþ

Xocpam\§fn ]¦mfn¯w 3 Economics Rights k¼¯n\pff AhImiw 4 Social Rights hnZym`ymk¯n\pff AhImiw 5 Cultural Rights kmwkvImcnI {]hÀ¯\§fn GÀs¸Sm\pff AhImiw {][m\ BÀ«n¡nfpIÄ ]cnNbs¸Smw.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ1 BcmWpIp«n ?

‘Ip«n’ \nÀhN\¯n 18 hbÊphscbpff apgph³ a\pjycpw DÄs]Sp¶p.

C¡mcy¯n cmPy, aX, hÀ¤, hÀ®, enwK t`Z§sfm¶pw ]mSnà 18 hbÊnÂ

XmsgbpffhÀ¡v km[mcWa\pjymhImi§Ä¡p ]pdta Ip«nIÄ¡pff

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{]tXyIAhImi§fpw e`n¡p¶p. DZmlcW¯n\v {Inan\ tIkpIfn e`n¡p¶

in£bn 18 hbÊn XmsgbpffhÀ¡p {]tXyI ]cnKW\bp−v.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ2

Xmsg ]dbm³ t]mIp¶ AhImi§Ä FÃmhÀ¡pw e`yamhWwþ Ip«nIÄ F¶

\nebnepff {]tXyI ]cnKW\ ]cnc£ AhImi§Ä e`yamIp¶Xn bmsXmcpXc¯nepff

hnthN\hpw ]mSpffXÃ.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ3

Best Interest of the child

Ip«nIfpambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§fn Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ Ip«nIfpsS

D¯aXmev]cy¯n\v (\·¡v) am{Xambncn¡Ww ap³Xq¡w. Xocpam\§sfSp¡p¶hcpsS

Xocpam\§sf kzm[o\n¡m³ Ignbp¶hcpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡mbn¡cpXv ap³Xq¡w. ]t£

\½psS kaql¯nÂ, hnZym`ymktaJebn C¶p−mbns¡m−ncn¡p¶ ]e Xocpam\§fpw

‘Ip«nIfpsS D¯aXmev]cyw’ kwc£n¡p¶XmtWm F¶p ]cntim[nt¡−nbncn¡p¶p.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ4

\nba\nÀ½mWw cmPy§fn :þ FÃm cmPy§fpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä

AwKoIcns¨¦nepw Hmtcm cmPyhpw AhchcppsS cmPy§fn \nba\nÀamWw \S¯m³

_m[yXs¸«ncn¡p¶p. C´ybnepw AXn\\pkcn¨v \nba\nÀamW§Ä \S¶psIm−ncn¡p¶p.

AXn Gähpw Ahkm\t¯XmWv hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbw þ2009 AXn\pap¼p−mb

\nbaw _methe \ntcm[\\nbahpw. hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbaw

\S¸m¡p¶Xn\papt¶mSnbmbnbn«mWv , Un.]n.C.]n, Fkv.Fkv.F, BÀ.Fw.Fkv.F F¶n

t{]mPIvSpIÄ \nehn h¶Xv RTE Act 2009 A\pkcn¨v 14 hbÊphscbpffhcpsS

hnZym`ymkw kuP\yhpw \nÀ_ÔnXhpamWv. Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä \nehn h¶v \o−

20 hÀjw Im¯ncnt¡−nh¶p \½psS hnZym`ymk AhImi\nba¯n\v. 18 hbÊphsc

hnZym`ymkw kuP\yhpw \nÀ_ÔnXhpamIm³ þ 18 hbÊphsc hnZym`ymkw Ip«nIfpsS

AhImiambn amdm³ \mw F{X \mÄ Im¯ncnt¡−nhcpw?

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BÀ«n¡nÄ þ 1

AÑ\pw A½bv¡pw H¸w Xmakn¡m\pff AhImiw

Hmtcm Ip«n¡pw Xsâ amXm]nXm¡tfmsSm¸w Xmakn¡m\pff AhImiap−v. CXnsâ

shfn¨¯nemWv hntZi¯p tPmen sN¿p¶ A½tbmsSm¸w Ip«n¡pw AÑ\pw t]mIm³

Ignbp¶Xv. t{_m¡¬ ^manen, ssUthmgvkv XpS§nb Ip«nIfpsS AhImi \ntj[amWv

ChnsS AÑ\pw A½bpw Ip«nIfpsS ‘D¯aXmXv]cyw’ ]cnKWn¡p¶nÃ. AÑ\pw A½bpw

anÃm¯ Ip«nIsf Ignbp¶nSt¯mfw aäp IpSpw_§fnemWv Xmakn¸nt¡−Xv.

XnscIgnbm¯ kmlNcy¯n Øm]\§fn Xmakn¸n¡pt¼mÄ AÑ\pw A½bpw

\ÂtI− kvt\lhpw kwc£Whpw Øm]\ ta[mhnIÄ \ÂIWw. \½psS

tlmÌepIfntebpw, A\mYmeb§fntebpw ØnXnsb´mWv? sNdnbIp«nIsft¸mepw

amXm]nXm¡fn \n¶pv thÀs]Sp¯n tlmÌepIfn \nÀ¯p¶Xv BcpsS Xmev]cyw

kwc£n¡m\mWv?

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ12 A`n{]mb kzmX{´yw

Ip«nIÄ¡v AhcpsS A`n{]mbw {]ISn¸n¡m\pff AhImiap−v. Ip«nIfpambn

_Ôs¸« Imcy§fn AhcpsS A`n{]mb¯n\v am\yamb Øm\w \ÂIWw.

Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ AhcpsS A`n{]mb§Ä IqSn ]cnKWn¨psIm−v F¶mÂ

AhcpsS D¯aXmXv]cy¯n\v ap³Xq¡w \ÂInsIm−v thWw Xocpam\§fse¯nt¨cm³.

ChnsSapXnÀ¶hcpsS Xmev]cy§Ä ap³hn[nIÄ F¶nhbv¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ.

DZm: Ip«nIÄ FXp kvIqfn tNÀ¶v ]Tn¡Wsa¶p Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ16

Ip«nIfpsS kzImcyX

hnZymeb¯nembmepw, ho«nembmepw Ip«nbpsS kzImcyXbn IS¶pIbäw ]mSnÃ.

AhcpsS hyàoXzs¯ am\nt¡−Xp−v. F¦nepw Ip«nIÄ F¶ \nebnÂ

Xocpam\§sfSp¡m\pw aäpw ]qÀWambpw ]IzXh¶n«nÃm¯hcmbXn\m AhÀ

A]IS§fn sN¶p NmSp¶nsöv Dd¸mt¡− NpXe c£nXm¡Ä¡pw, kvIqfnÂ

A²ym]IÀ¡pap−v

BÀ«n¡nÄ 18þ Ip«nbpsS kwc£Ww

Ip«nbpsS kwc£W D¯chmZn¯zw amXm]nXm¡Ä¡mWv. F¶mÂ

amXm]nXm¡Ä¡p IgnbmsX h¶m Cu D¯chmZnXzw kaql¯n /Kh¬saânÂ

F¯ntNcp¶p. hnZymeb¯n Ip«nIfpsS kwc£W¯nsâ D¯chmZnXzw

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{][m\m²ym]I\pw aäv²ym]IÀ¡pamWv. kaql¯n Ip«nIfpsS kwc£W D¯chmZnXzw

Hmtcm kaqlmwK¯n\pap−v. F¶m C¶v Ip«nIsf kwc£n¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw

]oUn¸n¡p¶hÀ kaql¯nepw, kvIqfnepw F´n\v ho«n hsc D−v;

BÀ«n¡nÄ 19

imcocnIam\knI ]oT\§fn \n¶p tamN\w

imcocnIamtbm, am\knIamtbm Hcp Ip«nsbbpw thZ\n¸n¡m³ ]mSnsöv BÀ«n¡nÄ -

19  ]dbp¶p. F¶m C¶p \½psS ]ehnZymeb§fpw hnSpIfpw, ]T\w Xs¶bpw

]oT\tI{µ§fmIp¶p \nbahncp²amsW¶p am{XaÃ. Ip«nIsf bYmÀ°¯nÂ

kvt\ln¡m³ \ap¡v Ignbp¶nà F¶XmWv {]iv\w Ip«nIsf Bsc¦nepw ]oTn¸n¡p¶Xmbn

{i²bnÂs]«m A[nImcnIfpsS (Child line, inipkwc£W kanXn, t]meokv)

{i²bnÂs]Spt¯−XmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ23 Rights of CWSN –

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä

Ip«nIÄ¡mhiyamb NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä Ft¸mgpw \ÂtI−XmWv. NnInÂkm

kuIcy§fpsS Ipdhv, cmPy¯nsâ km¼¯nI ØnXn, c£nXm¡fpsS {]tXyI hnizmk§Ä

XpS§nbhaqew NnInÕ e`n¡mXncn¡p¶Xv AhImi ewL\amWv. \½psS cmPy¯nsâ

km¼¯nI ØnXnb\pkcn¨pff NnInÕmkuIcy§Ä \½psS {Kma§fn e`n¡p¶pt−m?

]WanÃm¯Xn\m B[p\nI NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä NneIp«nIÄs¡¦nepw e`n¡msX

t]mIp¶pt−m? Nn´nt¡− Imcy§fmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 27 þ Ip«nIfpsS kwc£Ww Blmcw, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸nSw NpaXe

Ip«nIÄ¡v Bhiyamb Imcy§sfÃmw \ÂtI−Xpw Ip«nIsf kwc£nt¡−Xpw

amXm]nXm¡fmWv. Kh¬saân\v C¡mcy¯n ]qÀWamb D¯chmZnXzap−v.

c£nXm¡Ä¡mhiyamb ]n³XpW \ÂtI−Xv Kh¬saâpIfmWv. bp²w aqehpw, Zmcn{Zyw

aqehpw {]IrXnt£m]§Ä aqehpw C¶v temsIm«msI F{Xtbm Ip«nIÄ _p²nap«p¶p.

\½psS ap³]nepw C¯c¯nÂs]« Ip«nIÄ Ccn¡p¶ps−¦nepw \mw. ImWmsX

t]mIp¶pt−m? kvIqÄ D¨`£W ]cn]mSn temIsam«msI FÃm cmPy§fnepw \S¸m¡p¶Xv

Cu BÀ«n¡nfnsâ shfn¨¯nemWv.

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BÀ«n¡nÄ 28

\nÀ_ÔnXhpw, kuP\yhpw, KpWta·bpffXpamb hnZym`ymkw 14 hbÊv hsc

Cu hyhØbpsS shfn¨¯n temIs¯ cmPy§Ä Hs¶m¶mbn hnZym`ymk

AhImi\nbaw ]mÊm¡ns¡m−ncn¡p¶p. Cu ]Ým¯e¯nemWv C´ybn RTE 2009

\nehn h¶Xv \½psS `cWLS\bnÂXs¶ CtX¸än kqN\bps−¦nepw CXv Ip«nbpsS

AhImiambn amdnbXv RTE Act 2009 eqsSbmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 31

Hgnhp kab¯n IfnIfnepw hnt\mZ§fnepw GÀs¸Sm\pff AhImiw.

]T\¯nsâ t]cn I«nIsf kvIqfpIfnepw hoSpIfnepw ]Tn¸n¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡v

hn{iakabhpw, IfnIfnepw hnt\mZ§fnepw GÀs¸Sp¶Xn\papff AhImi§fps−¶v

ad¡cpXv. kIqfqIfn Ip«nIÄ¡\phZn¨n«pff PET ]ocnbUv aämhiy§Ä¡mbn

IhÀs¶Sp¡p¶Xv AhImi\ntj[amWv. Ip«nIfpsS imcocnI, am\knI hnImk¯nÂ

hn{iaw hnt\mZw, IfnIÄ F¶nh AXymhiyamWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 32

km¼¯nI NqjWw.

Ip«nIsf km¼¯nINqjW¯n \n¶pw kwc£n¡p¶Xn\pff hyhØ C´ybnÂ

_methe\ntcm[\ \nbaw \S¸nem¡nbXv BÀ«n¡nÄ 32 A\pkcn¨mWv. 14

hbÊphscbpff Hcp Ip«nbpw Ahsâ hnZym`ymk¯nt\m, BtcmKy¯nt\m tIm«w X«p¶ Hcp

sXmgnenepw GÀs¸Sm³ ]mSnà F¶v _methe \ntcm[\ \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶p.

3 Ps

A³]¯n\mev BÀ«n¡nfpIsf Provision, Protection, Participation F¶o

aq¶p taJeIfnembn Xncn¡mw. Provision F¶ taJebn Ip«nIÄ¡mhiyamb FÃm

Imcy§fpw e`yam¡Wsa¶mhiys¸Sp¶ hyhØIfmWv. Ip«nIfpsS kwc£Ww. Blmcw,

hkv{Xw hnZym`ymkw NnInÕ XpS§nbhsbÃmw e`yamhp¶Xv Cu taJebnse AhImiamWv.

Protection F¶ taJebn _methe \ntcm[\w, imcocnI am\knI ]oT\§fnÂ

\n¶pw kwc£Ww, XpS§nhb Cu taJebn hcp¶p.

ParticipationF¶ taJebn A`n{]mbkzmX{´yw Xocpam\§fn ]¦mfn¯w

F¶nh DÄs¸Sp¶p. kvIqfpIfn {]hÀ¯\§fnepw Xocpam\§fnepw ]¦mfn¯w

Ip«nIfpsS AhImiamWv.

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