KYOTO PROTOCOLAnd impact on India

Presented By

• Gaurav Modak – 41

• Hardik Mehta – 43

• Harminder Singh Jabal – 45

• Harshal Gala – 47

• Harshit Pandya – 49

We will Talk About

• Global Warming

• Kyoto Protocol and Mechanisms

• Role of India

• Measures and Policies

• Current Affairs

Global Impacts & Implication

Hurricanes

Diseases

Polar ice melt

Deaths from global warming

Rise in Sea level.

Climate Change

Rapid Industrial Growth

Increased energy consumption

Increased CO2 and other GHG emissions

Global Warming due to increased concentration of GHG

Increased Sea Level

Changes in wind and precipitation

Changes in Crop yields

Global warming potential of GHG

Carbon dioxideGWP: 1

Carbon dioxideGWP: 1

HydrofluorocarbonsGWP: 11,700

HydrofluorocarbonsGWP: 11,700

MethaneGWP: 21

MethaneGWP: 21

Sulphur hexafluorideGWP: 23,900

Sulphur hexafluorideGWP: 23,900

Nitrous oxide

GWP: 310

Nitrous oxide

GWP: 310

PerfluorocarbonsGWP: 9,200

PerfluorocarbonsGWP: 9,200

Global Institutions

• IPCC

• UNEP

• UNFCC

(UNFCC)United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate ChangeWhat is UNFCC?

How was it formed?

The International Treaty

Signatories to the UNFCCC Annex 1 countriesAnnex 2 countriesNon-Annex countries

Kyoto Protocol

• International Treaty

• Objective – Lower Overall GHG Emissions

• Annex – 1 Countries

• Annex – 2 Countries

• Non – Annex 1 Countries

Kyoto Timeline

• 1979 – Science panel preview warming• 1990 – IPCC Report• 1995 – IPCC 2nd Report• 1997 – Tentative success in Kyoto• 2001 – 3rd IPCC Report• 2004 – Kyoto Ratified• 2005 – The Kyoto Protocol Enters Into

Force

Time Line continued

• 2008 – On The Road To Copenhagen• 2009 – Deadline For ‘Kyoto 2’• 2011 – Durban - COP

Kyoto Mechanisms

• Three Mechanisms

– Joint Implementation

– Clean Development Mechanism

– International Emission Trading

Joint Implementation

• JI – Earning of ERUs(Emission Reduction Units)

• Eligibility Criteria

• Two Procedures:-– Track 1– Track 2

What is CDM?

• Clean Development Mechanism • A Flexibility Mechanism• CERs - standardized emissions offset

instrument• 2 Objectives

– to help developed countries fulfil their commitments to reduce emissions

– to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development.

CDM

Areas of Project

Emissions Trading

• IET – International Emissions Trading• Monetary value to the cost of polluting the

air• Has place in Balance Sheet• Currently there are six exchanges trading

in carbon allowances - the Chicago Climate Exchange, European Climate Exchange etc.

How it works?

Bogus Carbon Trading

• EU established Emissions Trading Scheme in 2005

• Carousel fraud• New & improved fraud• Government actions• Challenges ahead

Indian scenario

Indian Scenario

State wise registered CDM projects

Carbon markets

Carbon Trading in India

• Examples– Jindal Vijayanagar Steel– Powerguda in Andhra Pradesh– Handia in Madhya Pradesh

• Legal aspects of carbon trading– FMC launched carbon credit future contact– MCX started future trading on 4 Jan 2008

after Govt of India recognized carbon credits as commodities.

The National Action Plan

• National Solar Mission• National Mission for Enhanced Energy

Efficiency• National Water Mission• Green India Mission• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture• National Mission on Strategic Mission on

Climate Change

Current affairs ( kyoto protocol & carbon trading )

• Climate talks offer no help to poor nations• Durban Talks

• 12480 participants• 5400 government officials• 5800 representatives of UN bodies and agencies• Others more than 1200 members of the media

• Canada withdraws from the kyoto protocol• Analysis calculates loss to Canadian economy from

pulling out of Kyoto.• Jayanthi Natarajan terms Canada's withdrawal from

Kyoto pact as violation of the climate change pact

Continued…

• Ecologists to Challenge Kyoto Refusal• Stern Says Durban Conference A

Success• India lost the plot at Durban• What U.N. climate talks agreed in Durban

Conclusion

• India – one of the biggest markets in emissions trading

• common but divided responsibility• Long sustainability• Climate talks offer no help to poor nations• Participation of countries like India may

help in rupee appreciation

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