la migrazione parallela: alla scoperta delle potenzialità delle tecnologie multicore e concorrenti

8/14/2019 La migrazione parallela: alla scoperta delle potenzialit delle tecnologie multicore e concorrenti

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Benvenuti

Augusto Mandelli - Area Sales Manager NI Italy


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15^ edizione

1000 mq di area espositiva31 Espositori

16 Sessioni tecniche

2 Nuove aree pratiche

110 Customer Solution

Sponsor dellevento


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Partners e Testimonials


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Agenda della giornata - mattina

8:30 Registrazione, Welcome Coffee e Visita all'Area Espositiva

10:00 Benvenuto - National Instruments

10:10Keynote - La migrazione parallela: alla scoperta delle potenzialit

delle tecnologie multicore e concorrenti National Instruments

12:00Il sistema di controllo tempo reale dei collimatori dell`LHC

Dr. Alessandro Masi, CERN

12:30Premiazione dei vincitori del Premio Nicola Chiari per la migliore

applicazione di misura e automazione 2008

12:45 Buffet offerto da NI e visita all'Area Espositiva


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La migrazione parallelaAlla scoperta delle potenzialit delle tecnologie

multicore e concorrenti

Tim Dehne Senior Vice President, R&D NI Corporate

Matteo Bambini Marketing Manager NI Italy & Spain


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Virtual Instrumentation

To do for test and measurement

what the spreadsheet did for financial analysis.


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To do for embedded what the PC did for the desktop.Graphical System Design

National Instruments Vision Evolved

Complex instrumentation

RF

Digital

Distributed

Industrial controlRT/FPGA systems

Electronic devices

C code generation

Real-time measurements

Embedded monitoringHardware in the loop

Virtual Instrumentation Embedded Systems


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Graphical System Design

Dataflow C Code Textual Math Simulation Statechart

Commercial PCs PXI Systems CompactRIO Custom DesignCustom Hardware


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3 GHz

SingleCore

Quad Core

Octal Core


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Parallel Architectures Drive Performance

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000

1,000,000,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Clock Speed (kHz) Transistor Count

Intel QX6700 Quad-

Core Processor Pair of Core 2 dies in single package

2.66 GHz CPU speed

Faster processors Multicore processors


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To fully exploit the power of processors

working in parallel...new software must deal

with the problem of concurrency."

Bill Gates, Microsoft

Theres a Small Catch

But a parallel programming model

will not emerge for five to 10 years,

according to experts from Microsoft Corp."

Rick Merritt, EE Times


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Inherent Parallelism with LabVIEW


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Traditional Development Tool Challenges

Thread Synchronization

Race conditions

Deadlock/Livelock

Processor Cache Effects

Flow of DataLoad balancing

Sequential

Performance

Scalability to multiple CPUs

Non-determinism

Priority inversion

Lock contention


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Timing

Source

Read ControlAlgorithm Write

Deterministic Multicore Development


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Deterministic Multicore Development


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Multicore Example: High-Speed Control LabVIEWmultithreading on octal-core system using data parallelism

technique

Plasma control in nuclear fusion tokamak, Max Planck Institute (Garching,

Germany)

with LabVIEW, we obtained a 5x processing speed-upon our primary

algorithm by moving to an octal-core processor machine from a single-coreprocessor

Dr. Louis Giannone

Lead Project Researcher

Max Planck Institute


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Lemergere delle tecnologie concorrenti

Single Core

Single Thread

ASICs

Shared Bus

Multicore

Multithread

FPGAs

Point-to-Point Buses


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La programmazione dei thread difficile

Gli sviluppatori che usano strumenti

convenzionali devono imparare nuove

funzioni per:

Creare e distruggere un thread

Comunicare tra i thread

Sincronizzare i thread

Eseguire il debug


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CPU

Sistema Operativo

Il sistema operativo schedula i task in un singolo processore

Multitasking in un PC Single Core

Word

ProcessorE-mail

Web

BrowserAntivirus

PROCESS0

PROCE

SSO

PROCESS0

PROCESS0


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Operating System

Il sistema operativo schedula e automaticamente bilancia icarichi di lavoro attraverso i processori a sua disposizione

Multitasking in un PC Multi Core

CPU CPU

PROCE

SSO

PROCE

SSO

PROCE

SSO

PROCE

SSO

Word

ProcessorE-mail

Web

BrowserAntivirus


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Limpatto su tecnici ed ingegneri

Le applicazioni ingegneristiche sono tipicamente dei

sistemi dedicati


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Creare applicazioni Multithread

Tecnici ed ingegneri devono usare differenti threads perbeneficiare del multicore.


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Il naturale approccio multithread dellaprogrammazione parallela di LabVIEW traevantaggio dallarchitettura Multicore

Il controllo della distribuzione dei thread tra le varieCPU disponibili fornisce performance avanzate

Programmazione parallela e multicore in un unicoambiente di sviluppo

Supporto multithread esteso anche a LabVIEW Real-Time per sviluppare sistemi deterministici

8.5Graphical programming for next-generation PC

DEMO


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Semplificare il multithreading utilizzando

un linguaggio di programmazione testuale

API multithread complete

Funzioni semplificate per

creare i threads

Struttura ottimizzata per il

passaggio dei dati tra I threads

Finestra di debug

DEMO


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Single Core

Single Thread

ASICs

Shared Bus

Non-Thread-Safe Drivers

Multicore

Multithread

FPGAs


Thread-Safe Drivers


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Perch lo spostamento verso la

tecnologia FPGA?

Riconfigurabile

Parallelismo reale

Elevato determinismo

Operazioni indipendenti

Propriet intelletuale


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Come funziona un FPGA

Blocchi di I/O

Interconnessioni

programmabili

Blocchi logici


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Sviluppare la logica su un FPGA

F = {(A+B)CD} E

A

B

CD

FE


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F = {(A+B)CD} E

A

B

CD

FEVHDL


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F = {(A+B)CD} E

A

B

C

D

FE

YW X

Z


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Single Core

Single Thread

ASICs

Shared Bus

Non-Thread-Safe Drivers

Multicore

Multithread

FPGAs


Thread-Safe Drivers


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PCIGPIB 100BASE-T

Ethernet

VMEbus

19801978

1000BASE-TEthernet

1995 19981992 2002

Levoluzione delle tecnologie dei BUS

20001994 20051987

10BASE-5Ethernet


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132 MB/s

larghezza di

banda

totale

132 MB/s 132 MB/s 132 MB/s

132 MB/s

* Controllore di tipo Single Host

Switch

Il collo di bottiglia del Bus dati condiviso

Larghezza di banda

condivisa

Alcuni esempi*:

LAN USB

PCI

GPIB

PXI

PCI

Processore

Device A Device B Device C


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Garantire la flessibilit con i sistemi ibridi

GPIBPCI MXI LAN /LXI

USB

PXI

o

PXI PC

I sistemi ibiridi sono spessonecessari per integraretecnologie diverse

Pi performance e flessibilit

Riduzione dei costi di sviluppo e di mantenimento

Aumentodel ciclo vita degli strumenti

Non esiste un bus in grado di

soddisfare qualsiasi esigenza

GPIB dedicata sugli strumentitradizionali autonomi

PCI/PCI Express Caratteristicheavanzate per filtri passa banda elatenza

PXI/PXI Express Caratteristicheavanzate per filtri passa banda elatenza + clock e trigger

USB immediato e riconoscimentoautomatico

Ethernet/LAN/LXI

sistemadistribuito


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Our Expanding Opportunity

Design & TestDesign & TestDesign & Test


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Measurements Across the Design Process


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Leveraging Semiconductor Advances

Ac

curacy

(Bits)

28262422201816

1412108

41 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G

Frequency (Hz)

6

Traditional Instruments

NI Products, 2005

NI Products, 2007


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PCI Express: 45X Performance Increase

PXI C bi St d d T h l i


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PXI Combines Standard Technologies

PXI backplane

6 GB/s PCI Express BusTiming & Synchronization

Peripheral Slots

Chassis

PXI controller

OS TechnologyADEs

Over 1500 PXI Products

from over 70 Vendors


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The Compact DAQ System

Convenience and

Performance of

USBAdvanced ADCs

and Isolators

Flexible, Easy-to-

Use Software

Modularity with

Direct Connectivity


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/


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Moduli NI PXI-2535/36 Matrice FET

Matrice 544 cross-point

4x136 or 8x68

Tecnologia FET per

commutazioni veloci e vita

illimitata Possibilit di connettere tutte le

colonne ad una o pi righe

10V, 100 mA max

50000 cicli al secondo


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Matrice ad alta densit e SMU*

PXI-4130

PXI-2535

PXI-6552

* SMU = source measure unitDEMO


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Misure acustiche e vibrazionali

Sistema ad elevato numero di canali Da 4 a 32 linee via USB

256 linee in un solo chassis PXI

Sincronizzazione di pi chassis via GPS

Software intuitivo e ad elevate prestazioni

Sound and Vibration Assistant

VI e VI Express per LabVIEW

Caso applicativo con elevato


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Caso applicativo con elevato

numero di canaliBoeing: Matrice di microfoni a 448 canali 200 Hz

400 Hz

Airframe Noise

Inlet Noise

Installazione sulla pista


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300 ft.

300 ft.

405 Low Cost

Microphones

Installazione sulla pista

8x 200m Fiber

427 Channels

102.4 kS/s


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Novit sui prodotti PXI Express


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p p

ExpressCard 1x

PXIe-ExpressCard8360

Chassis 4x mixed

18-slots

PXIe-1062Q

Embedded Controllers1x and 4x

PXIe-8103

PXIe-8105 andPXIe-8106

PXIe-8130

MXI-Express 1x

PXIe-PCIe8361/2 (1/2 ports)

MXI-Express4x

PXIe-PCIe8371/2 (1/2 ports)

Data Acquisition

PXIe-6251/PXIe-6259

E il bello deve ancora arrivare

Chassis 4x mixed18 slots

PXIe-1065

DigitizerPXIe-5122

2 * 100 MHz

High-speed digital I/O

PXIe-6536/37

32 * 25/50 MHz

Rackmount ControllerPXIe-8351

Arbitrary waveform

Generator PXIe-5442

RF Generator

PXIe-5672 (2,7 GHz)

Array RAID

HDD-8263 and HDD-8264

Flessibilit e modularit


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Flessibilit e modularit

PXIe (1 Ghz/s)

PXIe (1 Ghz/s)

PXIe (1 Ghz/s)

LCD

Alimentazione Bluetooth

Software di Test Management


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Software di Test Management

Test paralleli ad elevate prestazioni


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Test paralleli ad elevate prestazioniNI TestStand

Salvataggio su disco


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Salvataggio su disco

Benefici del RAID

Registrazione e rilettura a600Mbytes/sec sostenuti

Per esempio:

Oscilloscopio con 3 Tb di

capacit diimmagazzinamento dati

Digitizer (2 ore a 100Mb/s)

Pi di 5 ore di registrazione

video e rilettura (High-

definition television, HDMI)

DEMO

Sistema parallelo basato su PXI, un esempio


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nel mondo della ricerca: il CERN



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Embedded

Design & Control

Embedded

Design & Control

Embedded

Design & Control

Development Platform for the Next 30 Years

G hi l S D i


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Graphical System DesignDesign Prototype Deploy

The Traditional Embedded & Industrial


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Control Landscape

Embedded SBC

Embedded

computers

PC architectures

Many form

factors

Custom Design

Totally flexible

Exact fit

Control of COGs

PLC

Highly reliable

Standard control

Ladder logic

Industrial

networks

Deployment Curve


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Deployment CurveStandard Embedded Architecture, Standard Design Software

Custom I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

Processor FPGA

CompactRIO

PCI RIO

Custom Design

PXI RIO

Integrated RIO

NI CompactRIO System Architecture


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Real-Time ProcessorReconfigurable FPGA

Industrial I/OModules

I/O I/O

I/O

I/O

I/OI/O

I/O

I/O

Real-Time

Controller

Connectivity ADCSignalConditioning ~

Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing,

triggering, controlReal-Time Processorfor deterministic, stand-alone operation andadvanced analysis

Industrial I/O Moduleswith built-in signal conditioning for directconnection to sensors/actuators

L Ph l i


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From the touch screen

user interface, physicianscan select spot sizes,

pattern types, spot density

and number of spots.

Laser Photocoagulation

S M di l I


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Visica2 Treatment System Cryogenically freezes benign breast

tumors using ultrasound

Eliminates need for surgery CompactRIO and LabVIEW

used to design, prototype,

and deploy a control system

Sanarus Medical, Inc.

Esempi di applicazioni DEMO


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p pp

Acquisizione e salvataggio dati a bordo macchina

Monitoraggio delle condizioni macchina Sistema embedded di prototipazione

Monitoraggio remoto

Data logging embedded

Motion control personalizzato Monitoraggio elettrico e controllo

Controllo servo idraulico su macchine pesanti

Controllo discreto

Monitoraggio ed analisi di rumore e vibrazioni in ambiente

industriale (NVH)

NI PAC WorldP bl A i C ll


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Programmable Automation Controller

Shared Variables

NI CompactRIO Integrated Systems

Fieldbus

Custom Design

NI SB RIO

NI Industrial controller

NI SmartCamera

LabVIEW

PC

NI CompactFieldpoint

NI CVS

NI CompactRIO

Ecosistema NI PAC


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Ethernet Expansion I/O

Direct I/O

CompactDAQ and USB

HMI - Operator Interface

PowerSupplyIndustrial

Managed

Ethernet Switch

PCI/PXI Profibusinterface

Industrial Controller


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PC industriale, robusto, senza parti in movimento Vasta gamma di connessioni con la piattaforma

National Instruments

Potenzialit di processing elevate

Doppia opzione: Windows XP o Real-Time

Disponibile in 2 versioni

NI-3100 (Intel Celeron, 1GHz)

NI-3110 (Intel Core-Duo, 1.66GHz)

Opzione Windows


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PCI Express cablato

CompactDAQ e USB1 PCI oPCIeslot

Touch Screen /Monitor

4 porte USB

R-Series

VGA

C-Series Expansion

2 porte Ethernet

cFP-180x

PXI

USB

Opzione LabVIEW Real-Time


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NI-31xx Ethernet

PCI o PCIExpress

PCI Express

R-SeriesM-Series

Industrial Comm.

Ethernet (2nd porta)

Touch Panel Computer

1 Slot

2 GB Ethernet

Piattaforma NI di Visione


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PXI Vision System

PC-Based

Vision Systems

Embedded

Vision SystemsSmart Cameras Dimensioni

PC-Based Vision

System

Smart Camera

Compact Vision

System

NI Smart Camera DEMO


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Differenti sensori, a partire da CCD VGA monocromatico, 60fps Partial scan (, ) e binning

Processore PowerPC 400/533 MHz

I/O supplementari

Optoisolati 2-in e 2-out RS232

Supporto Encoder

Doppia Gigabit Ethernet estensione degli I/O debugging

Controllodiretto dellilluminazione Generazione Strobe (5V TTL, 24V) Current lighting controller

Lecosistema della Smart Camera


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Software

Alimentazione

Illuminatori

Ottica

Interfaccia operatoreCablaggio

EnclosureEspansione I/O Ethernet

I/O diretto

15 Global Challenges Facing Humanity


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World Federation of United Nations Associations - Millennium Project

Green is Everywhere


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What Others are Saying


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We find with energy and greenhouse gases, if you start

to measure, people reduce the usage, says Linda Fisher,

the chief sustainability officer at DuPont. Measuring is not

a simple task, but once a company has a proper baseline

it can see what can be changed.

- Excerpt from A Change in Climate, published in theJanuary issue of the Economist

What gets measured gets managed

- Excerpt from Green to Gold authored by Daniel Esty and

Andrew Winston

Measure It Fix It!


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Green Engineering


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Definition:

Green Engineering is the use of measurement and control

techniques to design, develop, and improve products and

technologies resulting in environmental and economic

benefits

NI Enabling Technologies:

High-Speed and High-Resolution Measurements Advanced Analysis and Signal Processing

High-Speed and Advanced Control

Embedded System Technology

Green Engineering Areas


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Renewable Power Generation Power Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring

Optimizing the Efficiency of Existing

Machines and Automation Systems

Development and Test of Environmentally

Beneficial Products and Technologies


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Renewable Energy

Siemens Power Generation - Denmark


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One of the premier companies in theinternational power generation sector

Supply wind turbine generators with rotor

diameters up to 107 meters (350 ft)

Use PXI, LabVIEW, and LabVIEW Real-Time

and to develop and test the control

algorithms embedded in the turbines

Thermomax Tests Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors


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Challenge: Test equipment for efficient

and economical conversion of solar

radiation into thermal energy.

Solution: Two PC-based, fully

automated test systems.

Products: FieldPoint, Motion Control,

LabVIEW DSC

Green Benefits: The new facilities have

significantly reduced the time and cost

of product development, making it

possible to perform tests all year round,using the solar simulator.

Control of a Permanent Magnet Linear

Generator for Ocean Wave Energy


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gy Challenge: Interest in wave energy conversion devices is rapidly growing

worldwide for the potential to harness a sustainable and renewable energysource. Due to the oscillatory nature of ocean waves, the power generatedfrom a permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) for ocean wave energyconversion is pulsed and left unconditioned, is not easily used or stored.

Solution: With an active rectifier topology, the real and reactive powerfrom the PMLG is fully controllable. Using a novel three-phase activerectifier topology and force controller with a dc-dc converter for busvoltage regulation the energy can be stored.

Products: CompactRIO, LabVIEW FPGA

Green Benefits: A working design of a three-phase active rectifier andcontroller was implemented and prototyped with a CompactRIO system.

Full paper available at:

http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/dspace/bitstream/1957/5921/1/Novel+Control+of+a+Permanent+Ma

Control of a Permanent Magnet Linear

Generator for Ocean Wave Energy


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gy


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Retrofitting Existing Machines

and Production Equipment

Virginia Tech Wins ChallengeX 2006

Hybrid Vehicle Competition with cRIO


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Challenge: Develop methods for reducing total

energy consumption and emissions in a crossovervehicle while maintaining or exceeding vehicle

utility and performance

Solution: A high-level control strategy for the

hybrid vehicles implemented and prototyped with

LabVIEW FPGA & CompactRIO.

Result: VT reduced well-to-wheels petroleum use

by 74% for Year 2 Win

Products: LabVIEW, Simulation Interface Toolkit,

LabVIEW Real-Time, CompactRIO

Green Benefit: A three-year engineering

competition to improve fuel efficiency andperformance at a lower cost for future GM vehicles.

Steel Mill Reactor Monitoring

O f th l t


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One of the largest consumers

of electricity in the US Optimizing Existing Melting Process using:

Advanced Power Analysis

FPGA-based protection circuit

Datalogging

Used CompactRIO for advanced control andintegrated it with existing PLC system

Prevents the over melting of scrap steel(waste electricity)

Maximize the efficient use of electrical

energy and rapidly change control methodsto reduce power flicker

T&O Stelectric Reduces Pesticide

Use with NI Vision


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To keep the Danish railroad tracksweed free, herbicides were sprayed on

100% of the railroad tracks

NI Vision systems were outfitted on the

weed spraying wagon to identify

weeds and limit pesticide spraying tothose areas

Green Benefit

Reduced herbicide usage by 50%

Automated the reporting of pesticide use

to comply with environmental regulations


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Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Sensor Networks:

Monitoring Global Change


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g g

Monitoring interactive phenomena Atmosphere, Water, Soil, and Ecosystems

Characteristic spatiotemporal diversity

C H2O Light Q

Environmental Sensor Networks:

Example Program - NIMS


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NIMS at Wind River (Costa Rica)

Canopy Crane Research Facility


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Mercury Emissions Stack Monitor

Application


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97

pp

Reliable mercury emissions sampling

system for coal fired power plants Developed as monitoring system

approved by EPA

Benefits

Expanded memory and performance

Automated interfaceTechnical Key

Flexible, real-time softwarearchitecture

The success of the project was due to the processing and automationpower of the cFP-2120, as well as the ease of use derived from integrating

the PDA Control System.

From Kindergarten to Rocket Science


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LEGO MindstormsNXT

the smartest, coolest

toy of the year

CERN Large Hadron Collider

the most powerful

instrument on earth


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LabVIEW World

l l


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La prima rivista italiana per la

comunit LabVIEW Per abbonarti, visita lo stand

Edizioni Fiera Milano in AreaEspositiva (a soli 10, promozioneNIDays 08 anche pagando incontanti!) o visita il sitowww.ilb2b.it/labview_world

Se sei un utente Developer Suite oStandard Service Program diNational Instruments, un anno diabbonamento incluso.


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la migrazione parallela: alla scoperta delle potenzialità delle tecnologie multicore e concorrenti

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