labour migration development in the czech republic in the context of the economic crisis vii....
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LABOUR MIGRATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
VII. mezinárodní vědecké konference pořádané Katedrou národohospodářskou EkF VŠB-TUO
ve spolupráci s Katedrou ekonomie OPF SUO
„Hospodářská politika v zemích EU: Ekonomická krize – výzvy budoucnosti“ve dnech 16. – 18. září 2009
MILADA HORÁKOVÁČerven / June 2009
Economic and Labour Market DevelopmentAfter the accession of the CR to the EU the Czech economy experienced significant growth (6.5%
per annum); in 2008 GDP increased by 3.2%. GDP per capita in 2008 reached 82% of the EU27 value;
GDP declined by 4.9% year-on-year (2Q 2009 compared to 2Q 2008); it was the largest fall in GDP in the history of the CR (since 1993); the reason for the fall was the generally unfavourable situation prevailing especially in the manufacturing sector which experienced a sales crisis for several months principally with respect to external markets;
The Czech economy is predominantly reliant upon exports;The Czech economy has the highest proportion of secondary sector employment when compared to
total employment of the entire EU27; manufacturing 29.7%, construction 7.1% in 1Q 2009;The atypical structure of Czech employment: self-employed made up 17% of total employment in
1Q 2009; Long-term and repeated unemployment form the most significant problems (35% of all the
unemployed in 1Q 2009;The activity rate of the Czech population aged 15-64 years dropped from 66.8% in IVQ 2008 to
65.5% in IIQ 2009;Registered unemployment increased from 352 250 in December 2008 to 463 555 in June 2009 and
overall unemployment increased from 6.0% to 8.0%;
Population Development of the Czech Republic
Mid-year population
10 000 000
10 100 000
10 200 000
10 300 000
10 400 000
10 500 000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*
Employed in the National Economy of the Czech Republic
Employed in NE of population 15+
4 958 400
5 033 400
5 003 3005 014 800
4 946 800 4 941 300
4 880 0004 900 0004 920 0004 940 0004 960 0004 980 0005 000 0005 020 0005 040 0005 060 000
1. Q. 2008 2. Q. 2008 3. Q. 2008 4. Q. 2008 1. Q. 2009 2.Q.2009
Source: Czech Statistical Office, Labour Force Sample Survey
Registered Unemployment and Vacancy Development 2007-2009
Source: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs ( MoLSA) graph Milada Horáková
050 000
100 000150 000200 000250 000300 000350 000400 000450 000500 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
2007 2008 2009
Unemployment Vacancies
Shares of Vacancies by Chosen Sector December 2008 versus March 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
Agr
icul
ture
, gam
eke
epin
g, f
ores
try
Pro
cess
ing
indu
stry
Bui
ldin
g in
ndus
try
Tra
de; r
epai
rs o
fm
otor
veh
icle
s an
dpr
oduc
ts f
orpe
rson
al n
eeds
Acc
omod
atio
n an
dB
oard
Tra
nspo
rt, s
tora
gean
dte
leco
mun
icat
iona
s
Age
ncy
in r
eal
esta
te a
nd le
ase;
corp
orat
e ac
tivi
ties
othe
rs
%
31 December 2008 31 March 2009 30 June 2009
Vacancies by Employee Group
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
KZ
AM
1 L
egis
lato
rs, s
uper
viso
rs a
ndm
anag
ers
KZ
AM
2 S
cien
tifi
c an
d pr
ofes
sion
alkn
owle
dge
KZ
AM
3 T
echn
ical
hea
lth
care
and
peda
gogi
cal
wor
kers
KZ
AM
4 L
ower
adm
inis
trat
ive
wor
kers
KZ
AM
5 O
pera
ting
per
sonn
el i
nse
rvic
e an
d tr
ade
KZ
AM
6 Q
uali
fied
wor
kers
in
agru
icul
ture
and
for
estr
y
KZ
AM
7 C
raft
smen
and
qua
lifi
edm
anuf
actu
res
KZ
AM
8 O
pera
tors
of
mac
hine
ry a
ndeq
uipm
ent
KZ
AM
9 L
abor
ers
and
unqu
alif
ied
wor
kers
KZ
AM
0 P
erso
ns w
itho
ut w
ork
clas
ific
aati
on
31 December 2008 31 January 2009 28 February 2009 31 March 2009 30 June 2009
Labour Market Development and Foreigner Employment Development
0,02,04,06,08,0
10,012,014,016,0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
30.
6.
2008
2009
31.
3.
2009
30.
6.
Share of foreigners at labour force of the CR in %
Registered unemployment rate in %
Number of job aplicants per 1 vacancy
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
Labour Migration and Residence Permit Development during the Economic Crisis
The share of foreigners of the total population increased from 2.5% to 4.2% in the period 2004-2008; the share of registered foreigners in the Czech labour market increased in the same period from 3.3% to 6.4% of the labour force;
The share of registered foreigners in the Czech labour force has declined by 5.9% while the share of foreigners in the Czech population overall remains the same during the first half 2009;
The employment of foreigners decreased from 361 709 in December 2008 to 335 176 in June 2009 (-26 533);
The number of residence permit holders increased from 438 301 in December 2008 to 442 506 in June 2009 (+4 205).
The number of foreigners registered at labour offices decreased in the same period from 284 551 to 251 662 (-32 889), conversely, the number of foreigners holding trade licences increased from 77 158 to 83 514 (+6 356);
The number of work permit holders decreased from 128 934 to 101 735 (-27 199); the number of non-EU nationals with non-mandatory work permits increased from 14 516 to 15 911 (+1 395); the number of Slovak citizens registered at labour offices decreased from 100 233 to 94 566 (-5 667); the number of other EU citizens decreased from 40 868 to 39 260 (-1 608).
From December 2008 to June 2009, foreigners left principally: the processing industry (-27 540), building industry (-8 872), science, research and technology (-2 106), and transport and storage (-1 325). A number of those released have been absorbed by: agriculture (+1 688) and administrative support activities (+1 020).
Registered employment declined mainly with regard to: Vietnamese (-7 177), Mongolians (-6 192), Ukrainians (-5 383) and Slovaks (-5 294).
Conversely, the number of resident permit holders increased with regard to: Ukrainians (+2 491), Russians (+1 866) and Slovaks (+1 398), i.e. amongst the most significant national groups in the labour market. This could indicate that the most numerous irregular workers in the nation’s economy are made up of nationals of these countries.
Share of residence permit holders within the Czech population in per cent
Source: Directorate of Alien Police of the MoI; graph Milada Horáková
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*
%
Share of permanent residence permit holders in the CR population
Share of long-term residence permit/visa over 90 days holders in the CR population
Share of total residence permit holders in the CR population
Residence permit development
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 000
450 000
500 000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*
long-term/ visa over 90 days
permanent residence
Source: Directorate of Alien Police of MoI graph Milada Horáková
Most numerous resident permit holders; development by state citizenship
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Ukrajine
Slovakia
Vietnam
Russia
Poland
Germany
Moldavia
Mongolia
Bulgaria
Source: Directorate of Alien Police of MoI graph Milada Horáková
Employment of Foreigners and Residence Permit Development 1996-2009 (December 31, *June 30)
Source: MoI, MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,73,1
3,84,2 4,2
3,6 3,83,0 2,9 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,2 3,3
4,04,6
5,66,4
5,9
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
%
share of residence permit holders in the CR population
share of foreigners employment in the CR labour force
Development of Residence Permits for and Employment of Foreigners
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*
residence permits of foreigners employment of foreigners
Source: MoI,MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
Development of the Structure of foreigner employment
050 000
100 000150 000200 000250 000300 000350 000400 000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Mar
ch 2
009
June
200
9
foreigners registered at labour offices trade licence holders
total employment of foreigners
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
Latest Labour Migration Development
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
128
934
14 5
16
100
233
40 8
68 77 1
58114
809
14 8
18
93 3
46
38 2
98 79 4
98
101
735
15 9
11
94 5
66
39 4
50
83 5
14
361
709
340
769
335
176
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 000
valid work permits third countrynationals registered
at labour officewho need not work
permit
SR ciztizensregistered at labour
office
otherEU/EEA/Swiss
citizens (withoutSR)
trade licenceholders
total employmentof foreigners in the
CR
31.12.2008 31.3.2009 30.6.2009
Employment Development of EU/EEA/Swiss and Non-EU Citizens
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
148 855
188 745 194 296
156 209 151 852164 987 167 652 161 711 168 031 173 203
218 982
250 797
309 027
361 709335 176
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
EU/EEA/Swiss total
others
total employment of foreigners
Source: Unpublished data created by Information “OK system” of MoLSA for the purpose of Peer Review at 18.5.2009
Unemployed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
VI.
08
VII
.08
VII
I.08
IX.0
8
X.0
8
XI.
08
XII
.08
I.09
II.0
9
III.
09
IV.0
9
EU/EEA/ Swiss citizens
third countries nationals
Most Numerous Groups of Nationals by Country Employed in the Czech Labour Market
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
*
Slovakia
Ukraine
Vietnam
Poland
Mongolia
Moldova
Bulgaria
Russia
Germany
Romania
Employed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices by Employee Group; NACE-CZ, December 2008, March 2009, June 2009
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
Pro
cess
ing
indu
stry
Bui
ldin
g in
dust
ry
Tra
de; r
epai
rs o
fm
otor
veh
icle
s an
dpr
oduc
ts f
or
Sci
ence
, res
earc
h,te
chno
logy
Age
ncy
in r
eal
esta
te a
nd le
ase;
corp
orat
e ac
tiviti
es
Adm
inis
trat
ive
supo
rtin
g ac
tiviti
es
Info
rmat
ion
and
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
Tra
nspo
rt, s
tora
ge
Agr
icul
ture
, gam
eke
epin
g an
d re
late
dac
tiviti
es
Acc
omm
odat
ion
and
boar
d
Hea
lthca
re a
ndso
cial
wel
fare
serv
ices
; vet
erin
ary
Edu
catio
n
Oth
er a
ctiv
ities
31 December 2008 31 March 2009 30 June 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices Employed in the Processing and Building Industries 2006-2009
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
31 2006 December 2006 31 2006 December 2007 31 December 2008 31 March 2009 30 June 2009
Processing industry Building industry
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Employed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices by Employee Group KZAM, 31 December 2008, 30 March 2009, 30 June 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Foreigners registered at labour offices by employee groups KZAM
7 08
4 19 4
52
19 4
78
8 53
4
13 4
83
2 59
3
68 7
75
49 7
38
7 25
8 19 5
68
19 1
08
8 50
3
13 5
48
2 67
3
59 2
48
40 8
56
7 45
5 19 9
89
19 3
24
8 51
4
13 9
54
2 81
4
53 7
17
37 3
97
94 9
05
90 3
17
88 3
06
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
KZAM 1Legislators,
supervisors andmanagers
KZAM 2 Scientificand professional
knowledge
KZAM 3 Technicalhealth care and
pedagogicalworkers
KZAM 4 Loweradministrative
workers
KZAM 5 Operatingpersonnel in
service and trade
KZAM 6 Qualifiedworkers in
agruiculture andforestry
KZAM 7Craftsmen and
qualifiedmanufactures
KZAM 8 Operatorsof machinery and
equipment
KZAM 9 Laborersand unqualified
workers
December 31 2008 March 31 2009 June 30 2009
Employed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices and registered Unemployed persons by Employee Group KZAM at 30 June 2009
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
KZ
AM
1 L
egis
lato
rs, s
uper
viso
rsan
d m
anag
ers
KZ
AM
2 S
cien
tific
and
prof
essi
onal
kno
wle
dge
KZ
AM
3 T
echn
ical
hea
lth c
are
and
peda
gogi
cal w
orke
rs
KZ
AM
4 L
ower
adm
inis
trat
ive
wor
kers
KZ
AM
5 O
pera
ting
pers
onne
l in
serv
ice
and
trad
e
KZ
AM
6 Q
ualif
ied
wor
kers
inag
ruic
ultu
re a
nd f
ores
try
KZ
AM
7 C
raft
smen
and
qua
lifie
dm
anuf
actu
res
KZ
AM
8 O
pera
tors
of
mac
hine
ryan
d eq
uipm
ent
KZ
AM
9 L
abor
ers
and
unqu
alif
ied
wor
kers
foreigners registered at labour offices
registered unemployed persons
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Attained and Required Education of Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices30 June 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
no e
duca
tion
inco
mpl
ete
basi
c
basi
c lo
wer
voc
atio
nal
low
er m
iddl
e
low
er m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
mid
dle
voca
tion
al w
ith
Lea
ving
Voc
atio
nal C
erti
fica
te
mid
dle
or m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
hout
Lea
ving
Cer
tifi
kate
gram
mer
sch
ool
com
plet
e m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
h L
VC
and
LA
C
com
plet
e m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
h L
AC
but
vit
hout
LV
C
uppe
r voc
atio
nal
univ
ersi
ty (b
ache
lor)
univ
ersi
ty (m
aste
rs)
doct
orat
e
unsp
ecif
ied
educational attainment required education
Required Education of Foreigners Registered at Labour Officesand Registered Unemployed Persons at 30 June 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
no e
duca
tion
inco
mpl
ete
basi
c
basi
c lo
wer
voc
atio
nal
low
er m
iddl
e
low
er m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
mid
dle
voca
tion
al w
ith
Lea
ving
Voc
atio
nal C
erti
fica
te
mid
dle
or m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
hout
Lea
ving
Cer
tifi
kate
gram
mer
sch
ool
com
plet
e m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
h L
VC
and
LA
C
com
plet
e m
iddl
e vo
cati
onal
wit
h L
AC
bu
t vit
hout
LV
C
uppe
r voc
atio
nal
univ
ersi
ty (b
ache
lor)
univ
ersi
ty (m
aste
rs)
doct
orat
e
unsp
ecif
ied
Registered unemployed persons Required education of foreigners
Population of the CR by Highest Education Attainment (2008) and Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices by Highest Education Attainment (2.Q.2009)
Source: CZSO, MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
16%
31% 29%
10%
42% 43%
16%13%
36% 37%
15%13%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Basic, pre-primary and withouteducation
Secondary education withoutGCE
Secondary education with GCE Tertiary education
The CR population 15+ 2008 Foreigners registered at labour offices in December 2008
Foreigners registered at labour offices in June 2009