lbm 3 blok 17

STEP 2

1 Hubungan riwayat sinusitis dengan meloklusi

Anak yang mouth breathing biasanya berwajah sempit gigi anterior atas maju ke arah labial dan bibir terbuka dengan bibir bawah yang terletak di belakang insisif atas Karena kurangnya stimulasi muscular normal dari lidah dan karena adanya tekanan berlebih pada caninus dan daerah molar oleh otot orbicularis oris dan bucinator maka segmen bukal dari maksila berkontraksi mengakibatkan maksila berbentuk V dan palatal tinggi Sehingga menurut beberapa pendapat mouth breathers cenderung memberikan klinis memilki wajah yang panjang (long faced) dan sempitBila hal ini dilakukan terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan kelainan berupa gigi depan rahang atas baas mrongos (protusif) dan gigitan depan menjadi terbuka (open bite)

2 Apakah menghisap ibu jari dapat menyebabkan sinusitis

keadaan rongga faring serta kavum nasi menyempit akan menyebabkan pernapasan melalui hidung berkurang kemudian mengembangkan pola pernapasan mulut Pola napas mulut atau napas hidung kombinasi napas mulut yang berlangsung lama pada masa tumbuh kembang mengurangi pertukaran udara baersih di rongga hidung sehingga tumbuh kembang sinus maksilaris terganggu sinus maksilaris yang seharusnya berkembang ke arah mediolateral dan vertikal ke inferior tetap kecil akibatnya rahang atas kurang berkembang menjadi sempit dengan palatum dalam Hal ini berdampak buruk pada tumbuh kembang struktur dentokraniofasial pada gigi geligi yang mengakibatkan maloklusi Dentoalveolar lengkung rahang baik dari ukuran maupun bentuknya menjadi tidak harmonis dengan ukuran gig geligi sehingga mengakibatkan gigi geligi kekurangan tempat untuk erupsi dengan baik di rongga mulut gigi anterior erupsi lebih ke labial timbullah kondisi gigi protusi Ketidakharmonisan ukuran gigi dengan rahang dapat juga menimbulkan gigi berjejal

3 Apakah kebiasaan menghisap ibu jari dapat disertai sinusitis

Dapatkarena orng dengan sinusitis dan tumb sucking akan bernapas diselardquo menghisap

Tergantung jenis sinusitis

4 Apa yang menyebabkan pasien tidur mendengkur

A stuffy or blocked nose requires extra effort to pull air through it This creates an exaggerated vacuum in the throat and pulls together the floppy tissues of the throat Snoring results

Deformities of the nose or nasal septum such as a deviated septum nasal polyps enlarged adenoids sinusitis and other abnormalities can cause such an obstruction

People who snore may suffer from a throat problem

Children with large tonsils and adenoids often snore In adults a long palate or uvula can also narrow the throat This tissue can dangle in the throat and flutter

with breathing causing snoring Overweight people have bulky neck tissue and often snore too Other rare causes such as cysts or tumors require evaluation by the specialist

When the muscles in the tongue and throat are too relaxed the tongue falls backwards into the airway andor the throat muscles draw in from the sides into the airway causing snoring and in some cases even obstruction of breathing This can happen during deep sleep This can also happen as an effect of alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or from other causes

Your mouth anatomy Having a low thick soft palate or enlarged tonsils or tissues in

the back of your throat (adenoids) can narrow your airway Likewise if the triangular piece of

tissue hanging from the soft palate (uvula) is elongated airflow can be obstructed and

vibration increased

Being overweight Extra weight can build up in your throat and contribute to

narrowing of your airway

Alcohol consumption Snoring can also be brought on by consuming too much

alcohol before bedtime Alcohol relaxes throat muscles and decreases your natural defenses

against airway obstruction

Nasal problems Chronic nasal congestion or a crooked partition between your

nostrils (deviated nasal septum) may contribute to your snoring

Sleep apnea Snoring may also be associated with obstructive sleep apnea In this

serious condition your throat tissues obstruct your airway preventing you from breathing

Sleep apnea is often characterized by loud snoring followed by periods of silence when

breathing stops or nearly stops Sometimes complete obstruction doesnt occur but rather

while still snoring the airway becomes so small that the airflow is inadequate for your needs

Eventually the lack of oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide signal you to wake up

forcing your airway open with a loud snort or gasping sound This pattern may be repeated

many times during the night To be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea these periods

when breathing slows or stops must occur at least five times an hour

5 Bagaimana mekanisme mendengkurWhen this high pressure forces its way out it creates a considerable vibration of the squeezed soft tissues and the uvula which guards the opening of the pharynx These vibrations and flapping of the soft tissues creates a loud sound and it is audible outside as snoring sounds These snoring sounds can be quite loud and the decibel value of snoring sounds varies with the extent of constriction of the airway and subsequent pressure of the exhaled air

6 Apakah penyebab gigi tonggos akibat bad habit atau sinusitis

Thumb sucking - Although thumb sucking is a normal habit for babies it causes serious orthodontic problems if it continues long after the eruption of permanent teeth Prolonged thumb sucking can create crowded crooked teeth or bite problems The child may also develop speech problems or problems with swallowing properly Protrusion and displacement of front teeth are usual results of thumb sucking

httpusersforthnetgrathabyssorthodontics-010-causes-of-malocclusionhtm

7 Apa indikasi pencabutan gigi dalam menentukan ruang

When orthodontic treatment is performed for a patient the dentist is trying to perfect the alignment of the patients teeth but they can only do so within the confines of the size of the persons jaws Especially in those cases where a large discrepancy exists between the size of the patients jaws and the needed space required for the improved alignment of their teeth some strategically located teeth may need to be extracted

httpwwwanimated-teethcomtooth_extractionst2_teeth_extractionshtm

8 Foto rongent apakah yang digunakan orthodontist

Types of X-raysX-rays are divided into two main categories intraoral which means that the X-ray film is inside the mouth and extraoral which means that the film is outside the mouth

Intraoral radiographsIntraoral X-rays are the most common radiographs made If youre like most people who visit the dentist youve had many sets of intraoral radiographs in your life and youll likely have many more Because they give a high level of detail these are the X-rays that allow dentists to find caries look at the tooth roots check the health of the bony area surrounding the tooth see the status of developing teeth and otherwise monitor good tooth health The various types of intraoral X-rays show different aspects of the teeth

Bite -wing X-rays highlight the crowns of the teeth On each radiograph the upper and lower teeth in one portion of the mouth are shown from the crown to about the level of the jaw

Periapical X-rays highlight the entire tooth On each radiograph the teeth from either the upper or lower jaw in one portion of the mouth are shown The difference from bitewings is that in a

periapical X-ray the whole tooth is shown from the crown down past the end of the root to the part of the jaw where the tooth is anchored

Periodically a dentist may recommend a full-mouth radiographic survey or FMX This means that every tooth from crown to root to supporting structures will be X-rayed using both bitewing and periapical radiographs

Occlusal X-rays are larger and highlight tooth development and placement On each radiograph nearly the full arch of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw is shown These X-rays are taken with the X-ray machine either pointing straight down from near the nose (to take pictures of the upper jaw and teeth) or straight up from under the chin (to take pictures of the lower jaw and teeth)

Digital radiographs are one of the newest X-ray techniques around Because it is so new and because the machines can be so expensive your dentist may not have it yet but watch for this process to become standard in the future With digital radiographs film is replaced with a flat electronic pad or sensor The X-rays hit the pad the same way they hit the film But instead of developing the film in a dark room the image is electronically sent directly to a computer where the image appears on the screen The image can then be stored on the computer or printed out One of the great advantages of this process is that radiographs can be digitally compared to previous radiographs in a process called subtraction radiography The computer can digitally compare the two images subtract out everything that is the same and give a clear image of anything that is different This means that tiny changes that may not be noticeable with the naked eye can be caught earlier and more clearly with digital-subtraction radiography Subtraction radiography requires a specialized projection technique and additional softwareExtraoral radiographsExtraoral X-rays are made with the film outside the mouth These can be considered the big picture X-rays They show teeth but their main focus is on the jaw or skull Extraoral radiographs are used for monitoring growth and development looking at the status of impacted teeth examining the relationships between teeth and jaws and examining the temporomandibular joint or other bones of the face Extraoral X-rays are less detailed than intraoral X-rays so they are not used for detecting caries or flaws in individual teeth

Panoramic radiographs show the entire mouth area - all teeth on both upper and lower jaws - on a single X-ray This type of X-ray requires a special panoramic X-ray machine The tube head that emits the X-rays circles behind the patients head while the film simultaneously circles across the front That way the full broad view of the jaws is captured on one film Because the machine moves in a set path the patient has to be positioned very carefully And because the beam and the film are both moving any movement from the patient will blur the image on the screen Thats why such care is taken to keep the patients head absolutely still in exactly the right position The machines may have chin rests forehead rests and side head positioners plus bite-blocks that patients will be asked to close their teeth around All this may look and feel intimidating but the process is very safe and often uses less radiation than intraoral radiographs

Tomograms are a special type of radiograph in which the dentist can focus in on one particular layer or slice of anatomy while blurring out all other layers This allows dentists to see structures that may be difficult to see with standard X-rays For example the temporomandibular joint can be difficult to see The condyle that makes up part of the joint is in the middle of a dense cranial base so it is extremely difficult to X-ray But by using a tomography technique called a temporomandibular joint projection a straight slice thats lined up with the condyle shows that area more clearly

Cephalometric projections are X-rays taken of the entire side of the head They are used to look at the teeth in relation to the jaw and the profile of the individual Orthodontists use cephalometric projections to plan their treatments They will look at the entire face to determine the best way to get the teeth aligned in the right way for that particular person according to the size of their teeth and jaws

Sialography is a way of visualizing the salivary glands on a radiograph Soft tissues like gums and salivary glands cant usually be seen on an X-ray because they are not dense enough to absorb enough X-rays to appear clearly on film With sialography the dentist injects a radiopaque contrast material directly into the salivary glands This material shows up easily on film allowing dentists to diagnose salivary gland problems such as blockages or Sjoumlgrens disease

Computed tomography or CT scanning usually is performed in a hospital not the dentists office although a dentist may refer a patient for this test With this process the patient lies still in the CT machine while the X-ray beam rotates around From the X-ray information a computer creates a three-dimensional image of the interior structures It is used to identify problems in the bones of the face such as tumors or fractureshttpwwwcolgatecomappCPUSENOCInformationArticlesOral-and-Dental-Health-BasicsCheckups-and-Dental-ProceduresX-RaysarticleX-rays-and-Intraoral-Picturescvsp

9 Mengapa dilakukan tindakan pencabutan

Pencarian ruang

Tujuan pencabutan gigi permanen tersebut adalah mendapatkan ruang untuk mengatur gigi atau memundurkan gigi yang maju

Overcrowding many people do not have enough space in their mouth and the teeth become crowded this is usually the result of having a smaller jaw than normal but people who lost their primary set of teeth at an earlier age than usual may also suffer with crowded teeth

Wisdom teeth wisdom teeth can cause problems because many people donrsquot have enough room in their mouths for the teeth to develop properly if this is the case the wisdom teeth will usually be removed

10 Pemeriksaan apa saja yang dilakukan

Clinical Examination

Extraoral Examination

Frontal planes Facial midlines Lip competency Smile Analysis Smiling View and Dental Midlines Profile

Intra oral examination

Oral health Occlusion

Cast analysis

Symetry Space analysis

Tooth size anaysis Anglersquos Classification of Malocclusion Cephalometri analysis Panoramy x-ray

httpwwwineedcecomcourses1987PDF1009cei_ortho_webpdf

11 Mengapa harus mengamati bentuk ekstra oral pasien

1 Untuk mengetahui profil muka2 Untuk mengetahui ada tidak asimetris wajah

1 Khusus Lokal a Luar mulut Ekstra Oral bull Bentuk muka simetris asimetrisbull Tipe muka Menurut Martin (Graber 1972) dikenal 3 tipe muka yaitu - Brahisepali lebar persegi- Mesosepali lonjong oval- Oligisepali panjang sempitIstilah sepali

Gambar 5 Hubungan atara bentuk muka dengan bentuk lengkung gigiMenurut Ricket (Graber 1972) lebih tepat untuk bentuk kepala yaitu proyeksi kepala terhadap bidang sagital sedangkan untuk tipe muka lebih tepat menggunakan istilah fasial 11- Brahifasial- Mesofasial- DolikofasialUmumnya tipe muka berkaitan erat dengan bentuk lengkung gigi pasienKlasifikasi bentuk muka dan kepala menurut Sukadana (1976) berdasarkan1048766 Indeks muka = Tinggi muka ( A) (Jarak N ndash Gn) x 100Lebar muka (B) (Jarak bizigomatik)Klasifikasi indeks muka - Euriprosop ( muka pendek lebar) 800 ndash 849- Mesoprosop (muka sedang ) 850 ndash 899- Leptoprosop (muka tinggi sempit) 900 ndash 949Jika indeks lt 800 Hipo Euriprosopgt 949 Hiper Leptoprosop1048766 Indeks kepala = Lebar kepala (B) (jarak bizigomatik supra mastoideus) x 100Panjang kepala (A) (Jarak Gl ndashOc)Klasifikasi indeks kepala - Dolikosepali (kepala panjang sempit) 700 ndash 749- Mesosepali (kepala sedang ) 750 ndash 799- Brahisepali (kepala lebar persegi) 800 ndash 849Jika indeks lt 700 Hipo Dolikosepali

Gambar 6 Indeks bentuk muka

12gt 849 Hiper Brahisepalibull Profil muka Menurut Graber (1972) dikenal tiga tipe profil muka yaitu

- Cembung (convex) bila titik petemuan Lcb-Lca berada didepan garis Gl-Pog- Lurus (straight ) bila titik petemuan Lcb-Lca berada tepat pada garis Gl-Pog- Cekung (concave) bila titik petemuan Lcb-Lca berada dibelakang garis Gl-PogUntuk menentukan profil muka digunakan 4 titik anatomis Gabella (Gl) Lip Contour atas (Lca) Lip Contour bawah (Lcb) dan Pogonion (pog) serta garis referensi Gl-Pog sebagaia acuan - Glabella (Gl) Titik terendah dari dahi terletak pada tengah-tengah diantara alis mata kanan dan kiri- Lip contour atas (Lca) Titik terdepan bibir atas- Lip contour bawah (Lcb) Tiik terdepan bibir bawah- Pogonoin (Pog) Titik terdepan dari dagu didaerah symphisis mandibulaGambar 8 Tipe profil menurut Graber A Cekung B Lurus C CembungGambar 7 Indeks bentuk kepala

Menurut Schwarz (Boersma1987) Tipe profil bervariasi masing-masing menjadi - Cembung (Anteface ) bila titik Sub nasale (Sn) berada di depan titi Nasion (Na)- Lurus (Average face) bila titik Sub nasale (Sn) berada tepat segaris dengan Nasion (Na)- Cekung (Retroface) bila titik Sub nasale (Sn) berada di belakang titik Nasion (Na Masing-masing tipe ini masih bisa bervariasi dengan kombinasi - Retrognatik (Dorsaly rotated dintition ) Bila gigi-geligi rahang bawah berotasi ke arah belakang sehingga posisi titik Pog tampak lebih ke belakang dari posisi Nasion- Ortogantik (Unrotated dentition) Bila gigi-geligi rahang bawah tidak berotasi posisinya normal titik Pog tampak lurus terhadap Nasion- Prognatik (Ventraly rotated dentition) Bila gigi-geligi rahang bawah berotasi kedepan dagu (titik Pog) tampak maju terhadap Nasion- Nasion (Na) adalah titik terdepan dari sutura Fronto nasalis- Subnasale (Sn) adalah titik titik terdepan tepat dibawah hidung

Dengan demikian akan didapatkan 9 tipe muka - Cembung Anteface dengan variasi retrognatik ortognatik dan prognatik- Lurus Average face dengan variasi retrognatik ortognatik dan prognatik- Cekung Retroface dengan variasi retrognatik ortognatik dan prognatikbull Otot-otot mastikasi dan otot-otot bibirSerabut otot bersifat elastis mempunyai dua macam ketegangan (tonus) aktif dan pasif Pada waktu kontraksi terdapat ketegangan yang aktif dan apabila dalam keadaan dilatasi terdapat ketegangan pasif Dengan demikian pada waktu istirahat otot-otot mastikasi dan bibir mempunyai tonus yang dalam keadaan normal terdapat keseimbangan yang harmonis bila tidak normal tonus otot sangat kuat (hypertonus) atau sangat lemah (hipotonus) dapat menimbulkan anomali pada lengkung gigi akibat adanya ketidakseimbangan atara tekanan otot di luar dan di dalam mulutPada pemeriksaan klinis periksa - Otot-otot mastikasi normal hypertonus hypotonus- Otot bibir atas normal hypertonus hypotonus- Otot bibir bawah normal hypertonus hypotonusbull Keadaan bibir pada waktu istirahat (rest position) terbuka menutupBibir terbuka pada waktu rest posisi bisa disebabkan karena bibir terlalu pendek (incompetent) atau hypotonus otot bibir sering dijumpai pada pada pasien yanggigi depannya protrusif

bull Keadaan pipi normal cembung cekungKeadaan ini juga berkaitan dengan tonus otot-otot pipi (m masseter) pasien

12 Bagaimana teknik membaca jenisrdquo rongent dalam orthodontist

13 Apakah ada tindakan lain selain pencabutan gigi yang dapat dilakukan oleh drg

Menurut skenario Tidak dalam kasus crowded parah indikasi pencabutan diperlukan untuk mendapatkan ruang

14 Bagaimana keadaan intra oral pasien

Biasanya gingivitis pada regio anterior

Biasanya OH buruk

15 Kemungkinan gigi apa saja yang perlu dicabut oleh drg

Kemungkinan gigi yang dicabut adalah P1 gigi gigi tersebut akan dimundurkan jadi yang akan dicaut adalah gigi P1 bisa juga gigi M3selain gigi M3 malfunctional gigi M3 dapat dicabut untuk mendapatkan ruang

16 Kelainan lain yang dapat timbul pada pasien dengan sinusitis

Sinusagravebernapas lewat mulutagravecrossbite posterior

Sleep apnea (sangat sulit bernapas sehingga mengakibatkan bangun secara tibardquo akibat obstruksi saluran napas)

17 Apa saja gejala sinusitis

Gejala sinusitis yang paling umum adalah sakit kepala nyeri pada daerah wajah serta demam Hampir 25 dari pasien sinusitis akan mengalami demam yang berhubungan dengan sinusitis yang diderita Gejala lainnya berupa wajah pucat perubahan warna pada ingus hidung tersumbat nyeri menelan dan batuk Beberapa pasien akan merasakan sakit kepala bertambah hebat bila kepala ditundukan ke depan Pada sinusitis karena alergi maka penderita juga akan mengalami gejala lain yang berhubungan dengan alerginya seperti gatal pada mata dan bersin bersin

httpwwwblogdokternet20080130sinusitis

a Panas tinggi (lebih dari 39 derajat Celcius)b Sakit kepala (khususnya saat bangun tidur c Pembengkakan di sekitar mata d Rasa nyeri tumpul di sekitar mata e Pilek dengan batuk sepanjang hari yang tidak sembuh-sembuh f Batuk kering yang tidak sembuh-sembuh g Rasa nyeri di bawah tulang pipi h Nyeri di gigi atas i Nafas berbau tidak sedap

httpqhorienieztmultiplycomjournalitem56ampshow_interstitial=1ampu=2Fjournal2Fitem

18 Bagaimana Urutan perawatan yang dilakukan oleh drg

1 Menghilangkan bad habit2 Pencarian ruang3 Koreksi malrelasi dan malposisi gigi individual4 Pegaturan lengkung gigi5 Penyesuaian oklusi6 Pemakaian retainer

Dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara umum dan juga intra oral serta pengisian kartu status pasien Bila ada gigi yang perlu penambalan pembersihan karang gigi atau pencabutan maka harus dilakukan sebelum dimulainya perawatan orthodontik

Dilakukan pencetakan pada gigi pasien Pada model gigi yang didapat dari pencetakan ini dilakukan evaluasi maloklusi dan kebutuhan ruang

Gbr Model kerja orthodontik

Diambil foto gigi pasien dan juga profil wajah dari samping dan depan Foto ini diperlukan untuk menunjang saat penentuan diagnosis dan rencana perawatan

Pengambilan foto radiografis (rontgen) Setelah didapat foto cephalometri akan dilakukan analisis foto

Gbr Tracing pada foto radiograf pasien

Setelah semua evaluasi dilakukan baru dapat ditetapkan diagnosa dan rencana perawatan

Pemasangan alat orthodontik

Gbr Tahap pemasangan alat orthodontik cekat

Kontrol rutin biasanya dilakukan 2 minggu sekali Saat pasien kontrol dokter gigi dapat memeriksa kondisi rongga mulut secara umum mengamati pergerakan gigi aktivasi alat dan melanjutkan rencana perawatan

Jika perawatan dianggap sudah selesai dilakukan evaluasi perawatan yang bertujuan untuk memastikan apakah posisi dan hubungan gigi sudah sesuai dengan rencana perawatan

Alat orthodontik dilepas Setelah itu pasien dibuatkan retainer yang menyerupai alat orthodontik lepasan

Pemasangan alat ini tujuannya untuk mencegah gigi berubah posisi lagi atau kambuh (relapse)

Gbr Salah satu bentuk alat retainer

Penjagaan oral hygiene selama perawatan ortho

Kawat orthodontik pada alat orthodontik cekat sangat berpotensi menjadi tempat berkumpulnya plak Tidak jarang terjadi karies di bawah bracket orthodontic dan terkadang baru ketahuan setelah alat orthodontik dilepas Oleh karena itu penting diperhatikan bila usia pasien masih anak-anak perlu ditekankan bahwa kebersihan mulut harus dijaga dengan baik Pasien juga harus menggunakan sikat gigi khusus orthodontik agar dapat membersihkan daerah gigi di bawah bracket orthodontik secara optimal

Gbr Sikat gigi khusus orthodontik

httpgigiklikdoktercomsubpagephpid=4ampsub=15

19 Tindakan lanjutan apa saja yang dilakukan drg setelah perawatan

Kontrol rutin selama 2 minggu dan menjaga oral Hygiene

20 Bagaimana cara mencetak gigi pada pasien yang memiliki sinusitis

Dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat

21 Kelainan apa yang terjadi akibat sering tidur mendengkur dan membuka mulut

bull Forward head posture (can lead to neck muscle pain stiffness fatigue and cervical joint damage)

bull Headache

bull V-shaped upper jaw and high palatal vault

bull Malocclusion anterior open bite

bull TMJ dysfunction

bull Under-developed nasal passages andor under-developed jaw and cheekbones

bull Deviated nasal septum

bull Gummy smile

bull Gum disease

bull Dental decay

bull Dry mouth and throat

bull Increased allergenairborne infection entry to lungs

bull Chronic tonsil swelling

bull Enlarged adenoids polyps

bull Noisy breathing

bull Noisy eating

bull Bad breath

bull Excessive snoring at night

bull Greater potential for relapse of orthodontic correction

bull Increased mucous production

bull Allergic shiners- constant dark circles under the eyes

bull Hypocapnia (abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the small air sacs of the lungs and in the blood

with breathing causing snoring Overweight people have bulky neck tissue and often snore too Other rare causes such as cysts or tumors require evaluation by the specialist

When the muscles in the tongue and throat are too relaxed the tongue falls backwards into the airway andor the throat muscles draw in from the sides into the airway causing snoring and in some cases even obstruction of breathing This can happen during deep sleep This can also happen as an effect of alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or from other causes

Your mouth anatomy Having a low thick soft palate or enlarged tonsils or tissues in

the back of your throat (adenoids) can narrow your airway Likewise if the triangular piece of

tissue hanging from the soft palate (uvula) is elongated airflow can be obstructed and

vibration increased

Being overweight Extra weight can build up in your throat and contribute to

narrowing of your airway

Alcohol consumption Snoring can also be brought on by consuming too much

alcohol before bedtime Alcohol relaxes throat muscles and decreases your natural defenses

against airway obstruction

Nasal problems Chronic nasal congestion or a crooked partition between your

nostrils (deviated nasal septum) may contribute to your snoring

Sleep apnea Snoring may also be associated with obstructive sleep apnea In this

serious condition your throat tissues obstruct your airway preventing you from breathing

Sleep apnea is often characterized by loud snoring followed by periods of silence when

breathing stops or nearly stops Sometimes complete obstruction doesnt occur but rather

while still snoring the airway becomes so small that the airflow is inadequate for your needs

Eventually the lack of oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide signal you to wake up

forcing your airway open with a loud snort or gasping sound This pattern may be repeated

many times during the night To be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea these periods

when breathing slows or stops must occur at least five times an hour

5 Bagaimana mekanisme mendengkurWhen this high pressure forces its way out it creates a considerable vibration of the squeezed soft tissues and the uvula which guards the opening of the pharynx These vibrations and flapping of the soft tissues creates a loud sound and it is audible outside as snoring sounds These snoring sounds can be quite loud and the decibel value of snoring sounds varies with the extent of constriction of the airway and subsequent pressure of the exhaled air






















Pencarian ruang










Cast analysis



















Biasanya OH buruk





































bull Headache






bull Gummy smile

bull Gum disease

bull Dental decay






bull Noisy eating

bull Bad breath



























Pencarian ruang










Cast analysis



















Biasanya OH buruk





































bull Headache






bull Gummy smile

bull Gum disease

bull Dental decay






bull Noisy eating

bull Bad breath























Biasanya OH buruk





































bull Headache






bull Gummy smile

bull Gum disease

bull Dental decay






bull Noisy eating

bull Bad breath


































bull Headache






bull Gummy smile

bull Gum disease

bull Dental decay






bull Noisy eating

bull Bad breath






lbm 3 blok 17

Documents

lip contour bawah

lip contour atas

ortognatik dan prognatik

obstructive sleep apnea

sleep apnea

9 jika indeks

temporomandibular joint

thumb sucking