10/28/20161

Learning Goals

What is Mandarin Chinese? What is it also known as in Mainland China, Taiwan or Southeast Asia?

Mandarin Chinese is the standard language used by Chinese. Mandarin Chinese is what we are learning in the class. Its pronunciation is based on the speech of Beijing.

In mainland China: pǔtōnghuà (普通话) (literally translated “common language”); also Known as “guó yǔ” (国语)(meaning “national language”) (1.guó : country ; nation ; 2. yǔ : dialect ; language)

In Taiwan and other regions (such as Singapre and Malaysia: “ hàn yǔ” (汉语). (“the language spoken by Han people).

What is Pinyin and Why Pinyin?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UfhlkL_LMo&feature=relmfu

Pinyin is a phonetic system for pronouncing Chinese character.

Pinyin (Pin= spell, yin= sound)

Unlike Western language, the characters do not always indicate how they are pronounced. For example,

That is why you need pinyin.

Each Chinese character is a syllable

Character a syllable =

(Hanyu) Pinyin is used to represent Chinese sounds.

Example: hǎo = h + ǎo(Initial） （final）

(Consonants) (Vowels)

Tone--------------------(Initial) -- final

Each Chinese character is a syllable

**Finals can be vowels (e.g., a, e, i, o, u) or vowels and ending consonants –[n] or –[ng] (e.g., --ing ).My name is made up of three characters:

miáo lì fēng

Pinyin is not English!!

“Zhang”

“Peng You”

“liu”，“jiu”

“cang”

21 initial consonants in Modern Standard Chinese (not counting y & w): http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/pinyin.htm

Chinese Four Tones:http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Tones/Tones.htm

The same syllable with different tones different meaning, different character

Let us randomly choose a sound “ma” and illustrate its four different tones

“mother rides a horse; the horse is slow; mother scolds the horse”

māma qí mǎ mǎmà māma màmǎ

妈妈 骑马, 马慢, 妈妈 骂马

妈妈 mā ma mother骑马 qí mǎ to ride a horse;慢 màn slow;骂 mà to scold

Initials (Shēngmǔ)

A song on Initials http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0r1cw-q7Q1w&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQAzioCGWdo&feature=relmfu (b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h,j,q,x,z,y, w)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMUoZjVweVY&feature=relmfu （c, zh, ch, sh, r)

Initials: b, p, m, f

Initials: d, t, n, l

The tongue position when you pronounce “zh,” “ch”, “sh”, “r”

How to pronounce zi ci s zhi ch shi ri

Initials: z, c, s

y, w

1st Basic Chinese Vowels: a

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

爸爸 bà ba father妈妈 媽媽 mā ma mother

Simple vowel “a” is pronounced like /a/ in father.

2nd Basic Chinese Vowel: o“o” is pronounced like “o” in “frog” or “law” but round your lips and make a perfect circle.

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

波 bō Poland; Polish; abbr. for 波蘭|波兰[bō lán];

泼 潑 pō to splash;

摸 mō To touch

佛 fó Buddha

3rd Basic Chinese Vowels: e

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin English Definition

哥 gē elder brother;

喝 hē to drink

Make a sound as if you have seen something really disgusting:“ergh”. When /e/ is used with other vowels it can also be pronounced “ê” which is similar to “e” in the English word “bed”.

也 yě surname Ye;

4th Basic Chinese Vowel: i

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

一 yī one; 1;

七 qī seven; 7;

“I” is pronounced like “ea” in squeak, or in eat.

Exception: “I” does not pronounced like “ea” in east in the following sound combinations:

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

字 zì letter; symbol; character; word;

次 cì order; sequence; hypo- (chemistry); classifier for enumerated events: time;

四 sì four; 4;

至 zhì to arrive; most; to; until;

赤 chì red; scarlet; bare; naked;

是 shì is; are; am; yes; to be;

日 rì abbr. for 日本[rì běn], Japan;

5th Basic Chinese Sound: u Push your lips forward and make a narrow gap through which your breath can vibrate. Your lips should take the shape they make when you say the word “fool”.

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin English Definition

不 bù not; no;

铺 鋪 pū to spread; to display; to set up;

木 mù wood;

父 fù father;

Variation of the Fifth Basic Chinese Vowel : ü

http://www.youtube.com/user/sloppycheng#p/c/4/AMNu5WEmOoI

“I” with rounded lips!

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

女 nǚ female; woman

绿 綠 lǜ green;

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Mandarin Pinyin

English Definition

据 據 jù according to; to occupy;

去 qù to go; to go to (a place);

续 續 Xù to continue; to replenish;

玉 yù jade;

Practice I Pronunciation Drills

Initials: b p m n l hFinals: a o e i u ü ao en ie in ing uo

1.Pinyin

bā bō bī bū bīn bīngpā pō pī pū pīn pīngmā mō mī mūnē nāo niēlē lāo liē luōhē hāo huō

2. The Four Tonesā á ǎ à

nī ní nǐ nì

hāo háo hǎo hào nǐ hǎo

lī lí lǐ lì

bō bó bǒ bò

līn lín Lǐn lìn

nā ná nǎ nà

lū lú lǔ lù

yū yú yǔ yù

pīng píng

wō wǒ wò

hén hěn hèn wǒ hěn hǎo

yē yé yě yè yě hěn hǎo

bā pā bīn bīng

nüˇ nǔ piě biě

wǔhǔ huǒ wǒ

3. Sound Discrimination

mǎ mā mù mǔ

yī yí yě yè

lì lǐ mén mèn

4. Tone Discrimination

5. Third- tone Sandhi

A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced in the second tone, but with the tone mark “ ˇ ” remaining unchanged. For example:

Nǐ hǎo → Ní hǎoHěn hǎo → hén hǎoWǒ hěn hǎo → Wǒ hén hǎoYě hěn hǎo → Yě hén hǎo

6. Spelling Rules

At the beginning of a syllable, “i” is writen as “y” (e.g. iě –yě). “i” is written as “y” when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. ī – yī).

At the beginning of a syllable, “u” is written as “w” (e.g. uǒ– wǒ). “u” is written as “wu” when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. ǔ– wǔ).

When “ü”is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable by itself, a “y” is added to it and the two dots over it are omitted (e.g. üˇ-- yǔ).

Practice IIPronunciation Drills dēi dōu dān dōng

tē tōu tān tāng

gē gōu gān gāng

kē kōu kān kāng

bēi bān bēng biāo

pēi pān pēng piāo

fēi fān fēng diūhēi hān hēng niū

Initials:

d t g k f

Finals:

ei ou an angeng iao iou (-iu)

1. Pinyin

2. Four Tonestā tǎ tà

mēn mén mèn tāmen

wō wǒ wò wǒmen

nī ní nǐ nì nǐmen

nān nán nǎn nàn

pēng péng pěng pèng

yōu yóu yǒu yòu nánpéngyou

bū bú bǔ bù

máng mǎng bù máng

gē gé gě gè gēge

dī dí dǐ dì dìdi

hē hé hè

kāfēi féi fěi fèi hē kā fēi

dà tà kě gě

dōu duō kǒu gǒu

gēn gēng dīng tīng

3. Sound Discrimination

dāo dào tǔ tù

ní nǐ yòu yǒu

liù liǔ kàn kǎn

4. Tone Discrimination

5. Natural Tone

bàba māma

gēge dìdi

nǐmen wǒmen

6. Spelling Rules

The compound final “iou” is written as “-iu” when it comes after an initial and the tone mark is placed on “u”. For example: liù (six).

A video of Pinyin Song

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocgsflnEgqY

Online Pinyin Learning Resources

YOYO CHINESE – Pinyin Courseshttp://www.yoyochinese.com/learn-Chinese/Mandarin-Chinese-pronunciation-pinyin-lessons#19

A Pinyin Pronunciation Charthttp://www.yoyochinese.com/chinese-learning-tools/Mandarin-Chinese-pronunciation-lesson/pinyin-chart-table

Other on-line language tools:

http://www.purpleculture.net/chinese-pinyin-converter/ (quickly convert selected Chinese text from any webpage to Pinyin with pronunciation.)

http://www.purpleculture.net/chinese-sentence-pronunciation/ (Convert Chinese vocabulary/sentence into Mandarin Speech).

On-line Dictionaries

A Chinese-English and English-Chinese Dictionary http://www.purpleculture.net/chinese-english-dictionary/

LINE Dict

http://ce.linedict.com/dict.html#/cnen/example?query=%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F

How to Type in Chinese

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSdmUGZ-BG0 (How to type Mandarin / Chinese PinYin on iOS iPad and iPhone)