lecture 02 - what are is and ti

Business Information Systems 100 What are IS and TI?

School of IS, Curtin © 1

What are IS and TI? Business Information Systems 100

Lecture 2

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BIS100 What are IS and TI? 2

URGENT: If you didn’t aQend the First Lecture

•  Please go to BIS100 in BlackBoard –  Please open the “Unit Outline” secHon

•  Please download the Unit Outline and read ASAP! –  Please open the “Unit Resources” secHon

•  Please open the “Learning Unit 1 -‐ …” secHon in there •  Get the Lecture Slides (PDF format)

–  “Lecture 01 – Value of IT and Unit Overview” –  Read through them very carefully

•  Get the Unit Textbook (from the Bookshop) –  “CreaHng Business Value with IT” McGraw-‐Hill –  Read Learning Unit 1 Chapters


URGENT: If you haven’t started Worksheet 1

•  Please go to BIS100 in BlackBoard – Please open the “Unit Resources” secHon

•  Please open the “Learning Unit 1 – …” secHon in there

•  Get the Workshop Slides (PDF format) – “Workshop 01 – Workshop Overview and Set-‐up” – Read through them closely and do as requested

•  Do the Electronic Worksheet (in BlackBoard) – “Worksheet 01 – Workshop Overview and Set-‐up” – Follow direcHons, complete, and submit ASAP!


Review of The Value of IT

•  IT is used extensively throughout most (if not all) modern businesses.

•  People use informa0on technology to work with informa0on.

•  IT can provide compeHHve advantage unHl all businesses can readily acquire the same IT.

•  Whether or not the world is flat, IT plays a role and there are many implicaHons for business.


Review of BIS100 Unit

•  BIS100 focuses on explaining how businesses can create value with IT, plus the echnology and informaHon literacy graduate aQributes

•  Weekly lecture (1.5 hrs) and weekly workshop (1.5 hrs) plus independent study in own Hme

•  Custom textbook, lecture slides, workshop slides, worksheets and BlackBoard resources

•  Assess: worksheets (20%), assignment (15%), semester test (15%) & final examinaHon (50%)




Overview of BIS 100

Learning Module 1 – The Value of IT

Learning Unit 1 – The Value of IT

Learning Unit 2 – What are IS and TI?

Learning Unit 3 – CreaHng Business Value with IT

Learning Module 2 – CreaHng Business

Value with InformaHon Systems

Learning Unit 4 – CreaHng Business

Value with InformaHon Systems


Value with InformaHon

Learning Unit 6 – CreaHng Business Value on the Demand Side

Learning Module 3 – CreaHng Business Value with L/SCM

and ERP

Learning Unit 7 – CreaHng Business Value on the Supply

Side

Learning Unit 8 – CreaHng Business Value with ERP

Learning Unit 9 – CreaHng Business Value across the

Value Chain: A Case Study

Learning Module 4 – CreaHng Business Value with ICT Infrastructure

Learning Unit 10 – CreaHng Business Value with ICT Infrastructure


Value with Outsourced ICT Infrastructure

Learning Module 5 – Future Trends in IT

Learning Unit 12 – Future Trends in IT

BIS100 12 What are IS and TI?

WHAT ARE IS AND TI? Business InformaHon Systems 100


Academic ObjecHves

The academic objecHves of this lecture are to: 1. Introduce the concepts of systems, parHcularly business, informaHon, and sokware systems.

2. To define and explain InformaHon Systems and ICT Infrastructure fields, disciplines & careers.

3. To introduce a five step process and a format for describing informaHon systems.


Learning Outcomes

Aker this lecture students should be able to: 1. Describe what Business, InformaHon, and Sokware Systems are and do.

2. Describe what InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology Infrastructure (TI) is and does.

3. Compare and contrast the fields, disciplines, and careers in IS and TI.

4. Describe an informaHon system using the simple five steps and descripHon format.


Learning Resources (Required)

•  CreaHng Business Value with IT – Learning Unit 2 –  O'Brien, M., and G. Marakas. 2007. Chapter 1 -‐ FoundaHons of InformaHon Systems. In IntroducHon to InformaHon Systems: McGraw-‐Hill.


WHAT ARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS? What are IS and TI?




What is a system?


Something Goes In Something Comes Out

Something Happens Inside

A system

What is a System?

DefiniHon – System A system is

•  set of interrelated components, with a •  clearly defined boundary, •  working together to achieve a common set of objec0ves by •  accep0ng inputs and •  producing outputs in an •  organised transforma0on process.

Inputs => TransformaHon => Outputs


Human Body


Example – Human Body

System Defini*on •  Set of interrelated

components •  Clearly defined boundary •  Working together to

achieve a common set of objecHves

•  AccepHng inputs •  Producing outputs •  Organised fashion

Human Body •  Brain, lungs, skeleton, muscles,

digesHve system, … •  Skin, membranes, … •  To survive, to procreate, to

have fun, to learn, … •  Food, drink, air, informaHon, … •  Waste, CO2, informaHon, … •  Most of the Hme …


More Examples of Systems

•  Manufacturing System •  University •  AircondiHoner •  Government •  Computers •  People •  Pasta Making Machine •  ... BIS100 What are IS and TI? 22

What is a Business System?

A business can be considered as a system!

•  What are the inputs?

•  What are the outputs?

•  What is transformaHon process(es)?




Example of a Business System

Hotel Business System

People

InformaHon

Goods

Waste

InformaHon

People

Management Systems

Human Resources Systems

Maintenance Systems

Computerised Information

Systems

Non-Computerised Information

Systems Communication Systems

Catering Systems

Plus Many More …


What are InformaHon Systems? DefiniHon -‐ InformaHon Systems are

informaHon processing and storage systems!

•  What goes in? –  InformaHon

•  What comes out? –  InformaHon

•  What happens inside? –  InformaHon Processing –  InformaHon Storage (and Retrieval)


What are InformaHon Systems? •  DefiniHon -‐ InformaHon Systems are organised combinaHons of –  People –  Sokware –  Hardware –  CommunicaHons networks –  Data resources –  Policies and procedures

•  that store, retrieve, transforms, and disseminate informaHon in an organisaHon.


InformaHon Systems


Collections of people, computers, filing cabinets, databases, ... organised to process and

store (and retrieve) information

Files

Software

People

Filing Cabinet

Software

Database People

Filing Cabinet

Info

Info

Info

Info

Info

InformaHon System are comprised of:

•  People Resources •  Sokware Resources •  Data, InformaHon, Knowledge Resources •  Hardware Resources •  Network Resources •  …


InformaHon Systems AcHviHes

•  Input informaHon into the system •  Processing of informaHon in the system •  Output informaHon from the system •  Storage of informaHon in the system •  Control informaHon processing in the system •  …




Informa*on System (IS) versus Informa*on and Communica*on Technology Infrastructure (TI)

•  IS is all the components and resources necessary to deliver informaHon and funcHons to the organisaHon.

•  TI is the hardware, sokware, networking and data management that makes up and supports the informaHon system.

•  In theory, IS could be pen-‐and-‐paper-‐based but we will focus on Computer-‐Based InformaHon Systems (CBIS)


Library InformaHon System (before modern IT)


Library InformaHon System (before modern IT)


What is this?

Library InformaHon System (with modern IT)








What are Sokware Systems?

Sokware Systems are informaHon systems where computer sokware does the informaHon processing.

•  What goes in?

•  What comes out?

•  What is the transformaHon process(es)?

Sokware Systems are InformaHon Systems too! BIS100 What are IS and TI? 36

Sokware Systems


Sokware

Hardware

Information System

ICT Infrastructure

Software runs on Hardware

InformaHon Systems may contain Other InformaHon Systems called Subsystems …

University InformaHon System

Student & Courses InformaHon System

Student ONE Sokware

Financial InformaHon System

Finance ONE Sokware


Sub- Subsystems

Subsystems

The System Sokware Systems

InformaHon Systems

Business Systems

Business Systems may contain Informa*on Systems which may contain SoNware Systems


Types of a InformaHon Systems


Types of InformaHon Systems

1.  OperaHons Support Systems 1.  TransacHon Processing Systems 2.  Enterprise CollaboraHon Systems 3.  …

2.  Management Support Systems 1.  Management InformaHon Systems 2.  Decision Support System 3.  …




OperaHons support systems

•  What are they? – Efficiently process business transacHons – Control industrial processes – Support communicaHons and collaboraHon – Update corporate databases


Types of OperaHons Support Systems

•  TransacHon Processing Systems – Record and process data from business transacHons

– Examples: sales processing, inventory systems, accounHng systems

•  Process Control Systems – Monitor and control physical processes – Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors to monitor chemical processes

•  Enterprise CollaboraHon Systems – Enhance team and work group communicaHons – Examples: e-‐mail, videoconferencing


Two ways to process transacHons

•  Batch Processing: – Accumulate transacHons over Hme and process periodically

– Example: a bank processes all checks received in a batch at night

•  Online Processing: – Process transacHons immediately – Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal immediately


Management Support Systems

•  What are they? – Provide informaHon and support for effecHve decision making by managers


Types of Management Support Systems

•  Management InformaHon Systems (MIS) – Provide reports and displays to managers – Example: daily sales analysis reports

•  Decision Support Systems (DSS) – Provide interacHve ad hoc support for decision making

– Example: A what-‐if-‐analysis to determine where to spend adverHsing dollars

•  ExecuHve InformaHon Systems (EIS) – Provide criHcal informaHon for execuHves and managers

– Example: easy access to acHons of compeHtors BIS100 46 What are IS and TI?

OperaHonal or Management Systems

•  Expert Systems – Provide expert advice – Example: credit applicaHon advisor

•  Knowledge Management Systems – Support creaHon, organizaHon and disseminaHon of business knowledge throughout company

– Example: Intranet access to best business pracHces




Not Everything in a Business System is always an Informa*on System

•  Business systems can also contain systems other than informaHon systems

•  Example – Amazon has an informaHon system to handle the purchasing of books and other products.

– Amazon also has a physical system to handle the acquisiHon and delivery of the physical products.

– Oken though there are informaHon systems (e.g. logisHcs systems) to control these other systems.


A business system oken contains systems that are NOT informaHon systems!

Amazon Business

Web Purchasing InformaHon System

Staff Tea Club InformaHon System No sokware used in this informaHon system

Product Management Sokware

Web Site Sokware

Human Resources InformaHon System

Human Resources Sokware

Product AcquisiHon and Delivery System (a physical system)


InformaHon Systems FuncHon

•  InformaHon Systems FuncHon represents – A major funcHonal area, equally as important to business success as accounHng, finance, …

– An important contributor to operaHonal efficiency, employee producHvity, …

– A vital ingredient to development compeHHve products and services for strategic advantage,

– A dynamic, rewarding, and challenging career opportunity, …

– A key component of the resources, infrastructure, and capabiliHes of modern businesses


What is the InformaHon Systems Academic Discipline about?

It is about teaching and research into: •  InformaHon Systems •  Business InformaHon Systems •  InformaHon Systems Development •  InformaHon Systems Management •  ApplicaHon of InformaHon Systems •  …


BUSINESS SYSTEMS ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?


Task -‐ Business Systems DescripHon •  With a buddy (or on your own) pick a business (any business) and consider the quesHons: – What are some of the inputs and outputs for this business (i.e. what goes in and what comes out)?

– What are some of the informaHon systems that it may contain (and what processing do they do)?

– What are some of sokware systems (if any) that it may contain (and what processing do they do)?

– What sort of non-‐informaHon-‐related systems may it contain (and what do they do)?

•  Use a diagram to summarise this descripHon. BIS100 What are IS and TI? 54



WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE (TI)? What are IS and TI?


What are InformaHon Technologies?


Technologies related to all aspects of data, information, and knowledge …

TelecommunicaHons


Telephones

PABXs

VoIP

Skype

Video Conferencing SIP

InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technologies (ICT)


IT is usually just short for

ICT


IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure •  What abbreviaHon or acronym shall we use?

–  ITI? Too strange –  ICTI? Too long

•  A lot of the industry uses the abbreviaHon IT for IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure – But we’ve discussed how IT is now an umbrella term used to cover almost anything in the area …

… so we’ll use TI for IT Infrastructure or ICT Infrastructure

and oken call it Technology Infrastructure BIS100 What are IS and TI? 61



InformaHon Systems (IS)

ICT Infrastructure (TI)

InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology Infrastructure (TI)

InformaHon Systems run on the InformaHon and CommunicaHon Technology

Infrastructure BIS100 62 What are IS and TI?

“IS and TI Departments” •  Also known as

–  IS Department – or IT Department – or Management InformaHon Systems Department – …

•  IS -‐ The department in a business responsible for the InformaHon Systems funcHon.

•  IT -‐ The department in a business responsible for ICT Infrastructure (TI)

•  May be combined or misnamed … BIS100 What are IS and TI? 63

Management InformaHon Systems (MIS)

•  Management InformaHon Systems is the name of a business funcHon (and academic discipline) covering the applicaHon of people, technologies and procedures, collecHvely called informaHon systems – to solve business problems.

•  MIS is a business funcHon just as markeHng, finance, operaHons, and human resources are business funcHons


WHAT ARE COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING What are IS and TI?


What is Computer Science (CS)?

The science of bits and bytes and everything to do with computing BIS100 66 What are IS and TI?

What is the Computer Science Academic Discipline about?

Computer Science (CS) is about teaching and research related to: • Theory of ComputaHon (CompuHng) • Programming Languages • Hardware and Sokware • Programming • Databases • … BIS100 67 What are IS and TI?



What is Sokware Engineering (SE)?

Engineering with bits and bytes using computers


What is the Sokware Engineering Academic Discipline about?

Sokware Engineering (SE) is about teaching and research related to: • Developing Large Sokware ApplicaHons • Managing Sokware Development • Real-‐world Engineering • Programming • TesHng • … BIS100 69 What are IS and TI?

What is Computer Engineering (CE)?

Designing the computer hardware, Networking, and accessories.


What is the Computer Engineering Academic Discipline about?

•  Computer Engineering (CE) is about teaching and research related to:

•  Developing all computer hardware •  Developing networking hardware •  Sokware embedded in hardware •  Electronics •  …


Comparison

Science Engineering Applied (Business)

Physics Civil Engineering City Planning

Computer Science & Physics

Sokware Engineering & Computer Engineering

InformaHon Systems & ICT


IS AND TI ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?




Which of the following is NOT an informaHon processor?

•  Computer •  Person •  Insect •  Stop Sign •  Mechanical Calculator •  Washing Machine


Which of the following is NOT an informaHon store?

•  Paper •  Database •  Computer File •  Filing Cabinet •  Computer Network •  Folder


In this unit IT = IS + TI True or False?

•  True •  False •  I’m not sure … •  MathemaHcal equaHons scare me …


DESCRIBING INFORMATION SYSTEMS What are IS and TI?


Describing InformaHon Systems •  Describing InformaHon Systems from the outside is a common task for IS Professionals to understand the informaHon system – E.g. See the role of Business Analysts

•  Describing InformaHon Systems from the inside is a common task of TI Professionals to plan development of an informaHon system – E.g. See the role of Systems Analyst or Architect

We can describe InformaHon Systems with text and pictures / drawings.


InformaHon

InformaHon System (External View)

Inputs from People

and Other

Information Systems

InformaHon System A

InformaHon

Outputs to People

and Other

Information Systems

1. Inputs

4. Outputs

3. Information Processing and Storage

2. System Boundary


Information Focus



Describing an InformaHon Systems (from the Outside)

1.  Name the InformaHon System –  Give the informaHon system a name (and usually an acronym) by

which it can easily be referred to (usually ends in “Info. System”) 2.  IdenHfy the Inputs and the Outputs

–  Document what informaHon comes in and goes out (not who or what enters or receives the informaHon)

3.  Describe the InformaHon Processing –  Describe what informaHon processing the overall informaHon

system is responsible for. 4.  Describe the InformaHon Stored

–  Describe what informaHon is stored and/or retrieved overall in the informaHon system.

5.  Define the System Boundary –  Work out what is within and what is NOT within the system

(and draw or describe this). Should not describe any ICT infrastructure (technology)!


InformaHon System (Internal View)


InformaHon Store 2

InformaHon Store 1

InformaHon Processor 2

InformaHon Processor 1

Communication Network 1

ICT Technology Focus

Describing an InformaHon Systems (on the Inside)

1.  What informaHon processing components does it contain and what do they do?

2.  What informaHon storage components does it contain and what do they store?

3.  What informaHon networks (communicaHon) components does it contain?

4.  What smaller informaHon systems does it contain? If any? Usually describes ICT Infrastructure (technology)!


What are the components inside an InformaHon System

•  InformaHon Processing Components – People, calculators, sokware on computers, other devices…

•  InformaHon Storage Components – Paper, folders, filing cabinets, computer memory, Flash drives, databases on disks, …

•  InformaHon (CommunicaHon) Networks – Sneaker-‐net, telephone, postal service, Internet, intranet, …


A Step-‐By-‐Step Process for Describing InformaHon Systems

•  Step 1 – Provide General DescripHon of IS – Name, overall funcHon, users, user tasks

•  Step 2 – Describe External View of IS –  Find inputs, outputs, high-‐level processsing, boundary

•  Step 3 – Draw an External View Diagram – Draw input arrows, circle system, output arrows …

•  Step 4 – Describe Internal View of IS –  Find informaHon processors and stores, networks

•  Step 5 – Draw an Internal View Diagram – Draw cube processors, cylinder stores, link networks…


A Format for a document Describing InformaHon Systems

1.  General DescripHon –  Title, descripHon of overall funcHon, list of users and funcHons they use or

tasks they perform with the system, instance details 2.  External DescripHon

–  List of users and the named inputs they provide and/or outputs they receive, descripHon of system boundary

3.  External View Diagram –  External informaHon focus – input and outputs as arrows with user and

input/outputs respecHvely, named informaHon system as a circle 4.  Internal DescripHon

–  List of named informaHon processors and informaHon stores, and any significant networks

5.  Internal View Diagram –  Internal ICT focus – informaHon processor and stores and networks

6.  Further Notes 7.  References




Simple Example – Video Store InformaHon System DescripHon

•  Task – describe the informaHon system that exists within a Video Store Business.

•  Overview – A video store is a business that rents and sells videos (usually DVD movies) as well as computer games and snack food

– Modern video stores use sokware systems but they sHll employ people and maintains some paper-‐based documentaHon


1. General DescripHon …

•  Name – Video Store InformaHon System (VSIS)

•  NB: Oken use an acronym to make it easier to refer to the informaHon system, rather than using full name.

•  Overall FuncHon – Processes and stores all the informaHon required for the video store to provide a video rental and sales service to its customers


1. General DescripHon

•  Users and FuncHons – Customer – rent, return, and query videos; buy videos and snack food; query video availability

– Head Office IS – collect sales informaHon, provide details of new videos being shipped to store etc.

– Postal System -‐ receives leQers to be delivered to customers with overdue videos.

•  Instance – E.g. BlockBuster Video Store InformaHon System


Importance of the Boundary of an InformaHon System

•  The boundary of an informaHon system determines what is inside and what is outside of the informaHon system

•  As a result it determines what are the input and what are the outputs, as well as what informaHon processing and storage occurs.

•  Consider the boundary carefully when describing an informaHon systems (don’t make it too small or too big)!


VSIS Boundary Which boundary to use?


Video Store Clerk

Video Rental

Processor Customer Customer

Information A Information B Information C

Option 1

Video Store Clerk

Video Rental



Option 2

Video Store Clerk

Video Rental



Option 3

2. External DescripHon •  Inputs

–  From Customer •  Customer Details, Video Query Details, Video Rental Details, Payment Details

–  From Head Office •  New Video Details

•  Outputs –  To Customer

•  Video Rental Details, Video Query Result, Cost, Receipt InformaHon

–  To Head Office IS •  Sales Details

–  To Post Office •  Delivery Details (on leQers) •  Message (inside leQers)

•  Boundary –  Video Store Clerk is inside the informaHon system –  Customer is outside the informaHon system




3. VSIS – External View Diagram Customer

Customer Details Video Search Details

Payment Details


Head Office IS New Video Details

Video Store InformaHon System (VSIS)

Head Office IS Sales Details

Postal Service Delivery Details

Message

Customer Rental Details

Query Results Receipt Details

4. Internal DescripHon

•  InformaHon Processors – Store Clerk processes customer requests – Store Personal Computer (PC) tracks sales & rental

•  InformaHon Stores – Filing Cabinet stores completed registraHon forms – Database stores videos and rental details

•  Networks – Human network? Phone network?


5. VSIS – Internal View Diagram


Store Clerk

VS Sokware on PC

Database

Filing Cabinet

InformaHon Systems Design and DescripHon

•  General and External Design and DescripHon – Key task performed by InformaHon Systems Professionals

•  Business Analyst •  Systems Analyst

•  Internal Design and DescripHon – Key task performed by InformaHon Systems Professionals

•  Systems Architects •  Systems Developers


Informa*on Systems Descrip*on Assignment NOW AVAILABLE!

•  Please see: BIS100 Blackboard > Assessment > Assignment

•  You NEED to read the following documents 1.  IS DescripHon Framework

•  See PDFs in Resources secHon of Learning Unit 2

2.  IS DescripHon Assignment •  See PDFs in Assignment secHon of Assessments

Due Week 6 – Start Now! BIS100 What are IS and TI? 101

IS DESCRIPTION ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?




Task – Describe a simple Calculator InformaHon System

•  With a buddy (or on your own) follow the IS DescripHon Process to quickly sketch a simple descripHon of a simple calculator IS.

•  Remember: 1.  You only need to describe the *informaHon*

aspects of the system 2.  You may simplify your system by ignoring

complex operaHons


Task – Describe an AutomaHc Teller Machine (ATM)

InformaHon System •  With a buddy (or on your own) follow the IS DescripHon Process to quickly sketch a simple descripHon of an ATM / cash point etc.

•  Remember: 1.  You only need to describe the *informaHon*

aspects of the system 2.  Don’t forget the “Main Bank Computer” and it’s

easiest to think of it as external to the ATM IS. 3.  You may simplify your system by ignoring

complex operaHons BIS100 What are IS and TI? 105

CAREERS IN IT What are IS and TI?


Careers in IT are Professional Careers


What do IS Professionals do?

Develop, manage, and support information systems to help businesses succeed.


Analyse the Business




Design the InformaHon Systems


Work with People


Manage the InformaHon Systems


Careers in InformaHon Systems (IS)

•  InformaHon Systems Support •  InformaHon Systems Developer •  Data Modeller •  … •  Business Analyst •  Systems Analyst or Architect •  InformaHon Systems Project Manager •  Chief InformaHon Officer (CIO) BIS100 What are IS and TI? 114

What does the “IS Department” in businesses do?

•  The group of people in an organisaHon that designs, deploys, supports, and manages the InformaHon Systems with an organisaHon.


What do TI Professionals do?


Design, manage, and support the ICT Infrastructure that runs the business information systems.



Work with Technology


Work with People


Support Users


Manage the TI


Careers in ICT Infrastructure (TI)

•  Technology Worker •  Help Desk •  Training •  … •  ICT Specialist •  ICT Project Manager •  Chief InformaHon Officer (CIO)


What does the “IT Department” in business do?

•  The group of people in an organisaHon that builds, deploys, supports, and manages the InformaHon and CommunicaHons Technology Infrastructure (TI) within an organisaHon.




Other IT Areas & Careers

•  Computer Science – The science of compuHng …

•  Sokware Engineering – The engineering of large sokware systems …

•  Computer Engineering – The engineering of computer-‐related hardware …

•  …


Computer ScienHsts BIS100 What are IS and TI? 124

Academia Industry

Sokware & Computer Engineers

Academia Industry


IS and TI Professionals


Working close with the business. Here to stay!

The bridge between Business and Technology


The job of IS and TI Professionals

Where are the different IT Professionals in businesses?


Business Executives

IS Management TI Management

IS Specialist TI Specialist

SE Specialist TI Specialist

Business EducaHon

IS EducaHon

SE EducaHon

Business EducaHon

TI EducaHon

CS / CE EducaHon



Other “C-‐Level” ExecuHves •  Chief Technology Officer (CTO) – IT Product Leader

–  Leads development of IT products •  Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) – Knowledge Leader

–  Leads management of knowledge within business •  Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – Money Man

–  Not IT specific but controls the purse strings •  Chief OperaHons Officer (COO) – OperaHons Manager

–  Not IT specific but hands in all places •  Chief ExecuHve Officer – Boss of the Business

–  Oken also plays the role of CIO, CKO, CTO, …


Kinds of organisaHons employing IT Graduates

– Small & Medium Enterprise (SMEs) •  Most employ some ICT support

– Large (MulHnaHonal) Companies •  IS and/or IT Departments

– Government Departments •  Local, State, and Federal

– …


Companies employing IS and TI Graduates

•  IS / TI Companies (All IS and TI Roles) –  IBM, CSC, Dell, Oracle,...

•  UHlity Companies (All IS and TI Roles) – Synergy, Water CorporaHon, …

•  Banks (All IS and TI Roles) – CBA, ANZ, Westpac, …

•  ConsulHng Firms (Business/Systems Analysts) – Accenture, DeloiQe, ...


What you DO need to be an IS or TI Professional

•  An excellent understanding of INFORMATION

•  An excellent understanding of TECHNOLOGY

•  An excellent understanding of BUSINESS

•  An excellent understanding of PEOPLE

•  And excellent interpersonal and communicaHon skills (wriQen, spoken, presentaHon)


What you DO NOT need to be an IS or TI Professional

•  To be a “geek,” a “hacker,” a “technical guru”, a “hardware expert,” “a programming expert,” …

•  ... but it helps to have some of these qualiHes or tendencies.


InternaHonal OpportuniHes




IS AND TI CAREERS ACTIVITY What are IS and TI?


How would you categorise the Business / Systems Analyst’s job?

•  InformaHon System (IS) job •  ICT Infrastructure (TI) job •  Equal parts of the above … •  Something else … •  I don’t know …


How would you categorise a Network Support Specialist’s job?



How would you categorise a Chief ExecuHve Officer’s job?



SUMMARY … of the lecture!


Summary of What are IS and TI?

•  InformaHon Systems (IS) are systems that process and store (and retrieve) informaHon.

•  ICT Infrastructure (TI) is the informaHon and communicaHon technology that runs the informaHon systems.

•  A business is a system that contains other systems, including informaHon systems which may contain sokware systems.

•  IS and TI careers are professional careers that work closely with the business (especially senior execuHves)

•  InformaHon System DescripHon : 1. General DescripHon, 2. External DescripHon, 3. External View Diagram , 4. Internal DescripHon, 5. Internal View Diagram




CHALLENGE TOPICS (OPTIONAL) … to stretch you!


Challenge Topics (OpHonal)

•  Examine in depth the different types of InformaHon Systems (as touched on in the lecture and shown in the full slides).

•  Compare and contrast Computer Science, Sokware Engineering, and Computer Engineering (as discussed in full slides) with IS and TI.

•  Examine in depth the concepts of control and feedback in informaHon systems (see textbook) and where these concepts are most important.


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AddiHonal Resources (OpHonal)

•  Check out Wikipedia’s (www.wikipedia.org) entries for: –  InformaHon Systems –  InformaHon Technology

•  How do the definiHons in there relate to the definiHons given in this lecture?

•  Who writes the entries for Wikipedia and are they always correct?


What you need to do?

1.  Before the Next Workshop 1.  Complete the previous workshop’s worksheet

and submit it online. 2.  Complete the next workshop’s pre-‐workshop

acHviHes (i.e. reading, reviewing, and quiz). 3.  Bring any quesHons that arise from these tasks

to the workshop!

2.  Before the Next Lecture 1.  Read the appropriate learning unit / specified

chapters in the textbook. BIS100 What are IS and TI? 149

THE END Thank You and Good Day! Next Lecture: CreaHng Business Value with IT


lecture 02 - what are is and ti

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