leictreachas statach caibidil 19
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Leictreachas Statach Caibidil 19. Luchtanna. Diúltach agus deimhneach. Má chuimlítear píosa rubair nó píosa plaistigh le ceirtin olla, aomann an píosa rubair nó plaistigh sin le bluirí paipeir agus bluirí coirc. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Leictreachas Statach Caibidil 19
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Luchtanna
• Diúltach agus deimhneach.• Má chuimlítear píosa rubair nó píosa plaistigh le ceirtin
olla, aomann an píosa rubair nó plaistigh sin le bluirí paipeir agus bluirí coirc.
• Má chuimlítear dhá phíosa rubair le holann agus má chuirtear in aice le chéile iad, earann siad óna chéile.
• Má chuimlítear píosa gloine le ceirtin siodá agus má chuirtear congarach don rubar chumilte thuas e, aomann siad a chéile.
• Os a choinne sin, earann dhá phíosa gloine chuimlite a chéile.
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Aomann luchtanna éagsúla Earann luchtanna cosúla
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Adaimh
• an prótón, an neodrón an leictreon. (+) Gan Lucht (Diúltach)
Breis leictreoin lucht diúltachEaspa leictreoin lucht deimhneach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=IE&feature=related&hl=en-GB&v=IpaEGhjpZgc
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Turgnamh: Chun fórsaí idir luchtanna a léiriú
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Luchtanna
• Aonad lucht leictrigh – Cúlóm (Coulomb) C
• 1 Coulomb = lucht ar 6.25 x 1018 leictreon.
• Siombail Q
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Seoltóirí agus Inslitheoirí
• Seoltóirí• Ábhair a ligeann said
do lucht sreabhadh triothu. m.s. formhor na miotail
• I miotail bíonn a lán leictreon saor in ghluaiste ann í gconaí a bhogann neamh spleach óna hadaimh fein.
• Inslitheoirí• Ábhair nach ligeann
siad do lucht sreabhadh triothu. m.s. plaisteach, rubar, aer.
• Ní bhíonn luchtanna saoire ann
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Cuimilt
• Cad a tharlaíonn nuair a chuimlítear píosa polaitéine le céirt?
• Aistrítear leictreoin ón gceirt go dtí an slat polaítéine
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Ionduchtú (Induction).
Scaipeann na luchtanna go cothrom ar dromchla na sféar
Scarrtar na 2 sféar ag baint úsáid as an hanla inslithe
Bogann leictreoin chuig A
Dhá sféar ar seastán inslithe
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(2) Talmhú (earthing): réad amháin a luchtú
Scaipeann na luchtanna go cothrom ar dromchla an sféir
Sféar fágtha le breis leictreon a thagann ón dtalamh
Aomann an lucht deimhneach leictreoin ón dtalamh
Aomtar leictreoin chuig an lucht (+)
SFéar neodrach
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Leictreascóp Ór Dhuille
Úsáideanna• Chun luchtanna a
bhrath:.• Chun méid na luchta a
aimsiú:• Polaraíocht na luchta a
aimsiú• Chun idirdhealú idir
seoltóir agus inslitheor:• Méid difríocht
phoitéinsil a aimsiú (Sa chéad chaibidil eile)
Caipín mhiotail
Cas - seoltóir
Ór dhuille
inslitheoir
Slat mhiotail
http://www.shep.net/resources/curricular/physics/P30/Unit2/electroscope.html
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Tiúchán na luchtaBíonn tiúchan níos airde luchta ag pointi
géara.
+ +
+
+ +
++++
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Gineadóir Van de Graaff
• A: Sféar miotail• B & FScuaibíní • C & G Rolláin• D Beilt rubair• E Mótar
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Conas a n-oibríonn an Van de Graaff
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Chun a thaispeáint go mbíonn an lucht ar seoltóir sféarúil folamh ar an dromchla
http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/1965-faradays-cage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZwlD-Z0zmE&mode=related&search=
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Chun a thaispeáint go mbailíonn luchtanna le chéile ag an bpointe is géara
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Díluchtú phointe (Point Discharge)
++++
++++
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Éifeacht leictreachais stataigh sa ghnáthshaol
• Leictrachas statach ar éadaí toisc na n-ábhar saorga as a bhfuil siad déanta. Chúis cnagarnach (crackle) uathu – splancanna beaga.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuZxFL9cGkI
• Má chuimlitear peann plaisteach ar geansaí nó ar do ghruaig éiríonn sé luchtaithe agus tá sé in ann píosaí phaipeir a phiocadh suas.
• Is féidir sruth uisce ó sconna a chlaonadh chomh maith le slat luchtaithe.
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• Deannach ar TV
• Le gás nó deannach. I scaglann ola (oil refinery), muilte plúir nó i dtionscail ceimice is gá réamhcúraim a bheith i láthair chun cosc ar baol phleascadh dá bharr leictreachas stataigh.
• Luchtanna ar an eitleán - luchtanna díluchtú roimh athbhreoslú.
• Tintreach
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Dlí Coulomb: Fórsa idir luchtanna
F α Q1
F α Q2
F α 1d2 Dlí Coulomb:
Bíonn an fórsa idir aon dá phonclucht i gcomhréir le toradh na luchta agus i gcomhreir inbheartach leis an fad atá eatarthú cearnaithe.
F α Q1Q2
d2
Is dlí na cearnóige inbheartaigh é toisc go bhfuil F α 1/d2 .
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Dlí Coulomb: Fórsa idir luchtanna
d2
K = 1 4πε
d2
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Ceadaíocht
ε Ceadaíocht (Permittivity). Aonad: Farad in aghaidh an meadar. Fm-1
Tearmaíocht:
εo: Ceadaíocht a bhaineann le folús (agus de ghnáth, aer). Luach: 8.9 x 10 -12 F m-1
.
εr Ceadaíocht coibhneasta ábhair.
εr = ceadaíocht an ábhair / ceadaíocht í bhfolus.
εr = ε ε0
ε= εr εo
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Fórsa• Feidhmíonn an fórsa feadh treo líne idir na dhá
lucht. • Fórsa eartha . +Q agus +Q nó –Q & -Q• Fórsa aomtha (+Q & -Q)• Méid an fhórsa ar na dhá lucht mar an gcéanna• Fiú muna bhfuil poncluchtanna i gceist más rud
é go bhfuil d an-mhór bíonn dlí Coulomb cruinn go leor.
• Luchtanna sféarúil – ta an dlí fós o bhfeidhm agus d an fhad idir láir na dhá sféar.
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Fórsa (II)
• Tá dlí Coulomb an-chosúil le dlí Newton um Imtharraingte
• Is dlíthe na cearnóige inbheartaigh iad toisc go bhfuil F α 1/d2
• Bíonn an fórsa imtharraingte a bhfad níos lú ná an fórsa leictreach de ghnáth
• Is fórsa aomtha i gcónaí an fórsa imtharraingte ach is féidir fórsaí earrtha nó aomtha a bheith sa fórsa leictreach.
• Ma ta ponclucht Q curtha i suíomh ina bhfuil ponclucthanna eile is ionann an fórsa comhthorach agus suim veicteoireach na bhfórsaí a chuireann gach lucht ar Q.
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Réimse Leictreach
• Limistéar mórthimpeall ar lucht ina bhfeidhmíonn fórsa ón lucht sin ar aon lucht eile a chuirtear ann.
• (a) Ponc Lucht
• http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=86&cat=physics
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Réimse leictreach
• (b) Dhá Phonc Lucht – ceann + agus ceann (-)
• (c) Dhá Phonclucht Cosúil
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-iv/electric-charges/electric-field-animation.php
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Réimse Leictreach
• Dhá Dhromcha Phlánacha Comhthreomhara le lucht deimhneach dáilte ar ceann amháin agus lucht diúltach ach cothrom dáilte ar an gceann eile.
• Turgnamh: Chun réimse
leictreach a leiriú
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Feidmheanna an réimse leictrigh
• Xéaragrafaíocht/ Fótacoipeáil
• Trealaimh dheasctha leictreastatacha (electrostatic precipitators)
• Dífhibirleoirí
• Baoil: iramhairtí reimsí leictreacha ar chiorcaid iomlánaithe (integrated circuits)
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Déine/Neart na Réimsí Leictrigh(Electric field intensity
• Neart/Déine na Réimsí Leictrigh
An fórsa a fheidhmítear ar chulóm deimhneach amháin suite ag an bpointe sin.
• Siombail : E
• Aonad: N C -1 nó V m -1.
• Veicteoir
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Neart leictréimse
E = F
q
2 4 r
QE