lemak
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LEMAK Dwi Aprilawati
![Page 2: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lemak : Bahan- bahan yang mengandung
asam lemak baik dalam bentuk cair ( oils ) maupun padat ( fat, wax )
dalam temperatur biasa
![Page 3: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Guna lemak didalam tubuh :• Sebagai cadangan kalori• Sebagai bantalan organ-organ vital tubuh ( vital organ protection )• Menghambat pengeluaran panas oleh tubuh
![Page 4: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Nerve impuls transmission, fungsi lemak yang meyelimuti dan menutupi myelin
• Metabolisme sel , fungsi dari lipoprotein yang membawa lemak ke sirkulasi darah menuju ke jaringan
• Struktur dari sel membran
![Page 5: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KLASIFIKASI LEMAK :Simple Lipid• Neutral fat : komposisi lemak yang paling sederhana komposisinya terdiri dari 3 asam lemak + gliserol
contoh : triglyserida• Wax : komposisinya terdiri dari asam lemak + alkohol
![Page 7: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Compound lipid : Komposisinya selain asam lemak dan gliserol juga
berikatan dengan phosphor atau dengan glikogen Contoh : 1. Phospholipid : ( neutral fat, phosphoric acid dan nitrougenousbase ) miss : lecithin yang terdapat dalam kuning telur
![Page 9: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. glicolipid : ( fatty acid, nitrogen dan karbohidrat ) miss :
jaringan cerebroside 3. lipoprotein ( fatty acid dengan protein )
![Page 10: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. Derived Lipid Terdiri dari simple lipid dan compound lipid : fatty acid + glycerol +steroid /sterol contoh : cholesterol
![Page 11: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Lemak diikat oleh suatu protein sehingga dapat larut didalam darah ---- lipoprotein
Apoprotein adalah pelarut lemak dalam darah
• Komponen lipoprotein dalam darah : Trigliserida Phospholipid Kholesterol Protein
![Page 12: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ada 4 jenis lipoprotein di dalam darah :• Chilomikron• VLDL• LDL• HDL
![Page 13: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ChylomikronAdalah lemak yang berasal dari hasil pencernakan makanan dari luar
Jenis-jenis Lipoprotein :
![Page 14: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Density (g/ml)Diameter (A)Total LipidTriglycerida
CholesterolPhospholipidProtein Function
CM VLDL LDL HDL IDL
< 0,94 0,94 - 1,006 1,006 – 1,063 1,063-1,210
6000-2000 600 250 70-120 99 91 80 44
85% 60-80% 10-13% 5-10% 2 % 7% 11 % 20% 40% (End) 8% 20% 29% 25-30% 20%
1-2 % 5-10% 20-25% 45-50% 10%
Transp TG diet Transp Transp Transp free Trans To plasma Endogenous Cholest Cholest from endo Tissue TG to cells to periperal membranes genous cells to liver for to cell catabolisme
![Page 16: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Apoprotein Related Lipoprotein Function
A-1 HDL,chylomicron, Active the intestinal VLDL Plasma enz lecithin- cholesterol transferase (LCAT )A-II HDL Transport HDLA-III Subfraction of HDL Catalyzes transfer of cholesterol ester among Lipoprotein
Apoprotein in Structur of Human Plasma Lipoprotein
![Page 17: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Apoprotein Related Lipoprotein Function
B LDL,VLDL,IDL,Chylomicron Unclear remnantsC-I VLDL,HDL,Chylomicrons Activates LCATC-II VLDL,HDL,Chylomicrons Activates Lipo Protein LipaseC-III VLDL,HDL,Chylomicrons Several different from function,depend On structureE(rich in Arginin) VLDL,HDL,Chylomicrons Excess amount remnants present in beta- VLDL –of person with type III hyperlipoprotein nemia
![Page 18: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
KLASIFIKASI LIPID DISORDERS
Type 1 : Chylomicrons elevatedType 2a : LDL elevatedType 2b : LDL and VLDL elevatedType 3 : IDL elevatedType 4 : VLDL elevatedType 5 : LDL and Chylomicrons elevated
![Page 20: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LEMAK MAKANAN
• Saturated fatty acid : contoh : coconut oil , palm oil • Unsaturated fatty acid : Monounsaturated fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid
![Page 21: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Monounsaturated fatty acid mempunyai satu ikatan rangkap contoh : minyak zaitun, kacang tanah , almond ,
avocado
![Page 22: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Polyunsaturated fatty acid mempunyai dua atau lebih ikatan rangkap contoh : vegetable oils : minyak kedelei , biji matahari , minyak biji kapas
![Page 23: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Asam lemak essential :• omega 3 : - asam linolenic ada dalam minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan ( kedelei , rapeseed) , eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) , seafood , fattyfish - docosahexaenoic acid (DHA ) contoh : seafood , fattyfish
![Page 24: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• omega 6 : - asam linoleic ada dalam vegetable oils ( minyak kedelei , biji kapas , jagung ) - arachidonic acid ada pada lemak hewan ( ayam )
• omega 9 : - asam oleic - minyak kacang tanah , zaitun
![Page 25: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pengaturan makanan agar terhindar dari
DISLIPIDEMIA Total lemakLemak jenuhLemak PUFALemak MUFAKarbohidratSeratProteinKolesterol
25 – 30 % total kalori< 7 % total kalorisampai 10 % total kalorisampai 10 % total kalori 60 % total kalori10 gr/100 kal / hari15 % total kalori<300 mg /hr
terimakasih
![Page 26: Lemak](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062419/557a91d2d8b42acf638b529f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)