lessen 5 3g systems (第三代行動通訊系統€¢a high data rate upgrade path for 2 g and 2.5g...

Lessen 53G Systems (第三代行動通訊系統)

Satellite

MacrocellMicrocell

UrbanIn-Building

Picocell

Global

Suburban

Basic TerminalPDA Terminal

Audio/Visual Terminal

Mobile Radio Communication Seminar

Lesson 5 - 3G Systems 1 Dr. Sheng-Chou Lin

Outline History of 3G IMT-2000 Standard

•WCDMA –3GPP 協會•CDMA2000 –3GPP2 協會

Data Speed Evolution to IMT2000 Data services key capabilities

•Indoor Office•Pedestrian•Vehicular

Business and Regulatory issues•Competition between WCDMA and CDMA2000•3G license

3G technology•Smart Antenna



IMT-2000

Mobile Telecommunications - Anywhere - Anytime

Deployment around year 2000 subject to market considerations

Support evolution of second-generation systems

Frequency band (230 MHz) around 2 GHz

Wide range of services with high quality and integrity, comparableto the fixed network

Provision of these services over a wide range of user densities andcoverage areas

Integration of satellite and terrestrial systems

Standards in ITU-R (radio) and ITU-T (network)



3G W-CDMA (UMTS)

History of 3G W-CDMA•Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS): a visionary air interface

standard under auspices of European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI), 1996

•A competitive open-interface standard for 3G wireless developed by Europeancarriers, manufacturers, government regulators

•Submitted by ETSI to ITU’s IMT-2000 body, 1998•A high capacity upgrade path for GSM: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Several Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) proposals A single W-CDMAstandard UMTS

Backward compatibility with 2G GSM/IS136/PDC TDMA and 2.5G•Network structure and bit level packaging of GSM data is retained•Additional capacity and bandwidth (5MHz) are provided•FDD for wide area mobile cellular coverage•TDD for indoor coreless type application



3G W-CDMA Standards 3G W-CDMA evolution

•Air interface for always-on packet-based wireless•Computers, entertainment devises and telephone all share the same wireless

network•Connected to Internet, anytime, anywhere•packet data rate = 2.048 Mbps high quality data, multimedia, streaming

audio and video, broadcast-type services•Future version 8 Mbps videoconferencing and virtual home entertainment

(VHE), broadcasting, mobile commerce (m-commerce), games, interactivevideo, virtual private networking throughout the world

Compatibility and interoperability for all GSM, IS-136/PDC, GPRS andEDGE switching equipment and applications•A minimum spectrum allocation of 5MHz complete change out of RF

equipment at BS Backward compatibility with 2G by 2010•Data rate as low as 8 kbps to as high as 2 Mbps on a single W-CDMA•Each channel can support 100 and 350 simultaneous voice call•Variable/selectable direct sequence with as high as16 M chips/ps•At least a 6 times increase in spectral efficiency over GSM



3G cdma2000

3G cdma2000 evolution•A visionary air interface standard under auspices of working group 45 of the

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) of US•A high data rate upgrade path for 2 G and 2.5G CDMA•center on the original 2G CDMA channel bandwidth of 1.25 MHz/ch

Maintain backward compatibility with existing cdmaOne and IS-95B withoutchanging out entire BS or reallocate spectrum•Cdma2000 1xRTT (Radio transmission Technology): A single 1.25 MHz is used (a

multicarrier mode with only one carrier) G3G-MC-CDMA-1X cdma2000 1X•Data rate = 307 kbps in packet mode, throughput rates = 144 kbps/user depending on

the number of users, velocity of user, propagation conditions•Support twice as many voice users as the 2G CDMA•FDD for mobile radio and TDD for in-building coreless•Adaptable baseband signaling and chipping rates, and multi-level keying

Enhanced version cdma2000 1xEV and ultimate solution cdma20003xRTT



3G cdma2000 1xEV and 3xRTT

Cdma2000 1xEV: A individual 1.25MHz channels is installed•A proprietary high data rate (HDR) package standard•Developed and modified by Qualcomm for being compatible W-CDMA•Two options for carriers:

–data only (cdma200 1xEV-DO): up to 2.4 Mpbs of instantaneous high-speedpacket throughput. Typically, several hundred kbps sufficient to support webbrowing. E-mail access, and m-commerce

–data and voice(cdma200 1xEV-DV): up to 144 kpbs twice as many voicechannels as IS-95B

Cdma200 3xRTT: gang adjacent cdmaone channels together•Use three adjacent 1.25 MHz radio channel• Instantaneous package data through 2Mbps•Three non-adjacent channels no new RF hardware required•3 adjacent channels a single 3.75 MHz new RF hardware required: very similar

user data rate goal compared to W-CDMA (UMTS)

cdma2000 provides more seamless and less expensive upgradepath compared to W-CDMA



Forward Link Spreading

Multi-Carrier (MC): demultiplexes modulation symbols into N separate 1.25MHz carriers resulting in a chip rate of 1.2288 Mcps per carrier

Direct Spread (DS): spreads the modulation symbols to N x12288Rresultingin one N X1.25MHz carrier



Cdma2000 Deployments

Mix cdma2OOO cells (either1.2288 or 3.6864Meps) with existing lS-95 cellsto provide higher capacity, higher rates,and new services



3G TD-SCDMA (China) 3G W-CDMA evolution

•GSM is the most popular wireless air interface standard in China, 8 million subscriberswere added in just one month

•A huge potential market for wireless services in China. China desires to craft its ownwireless version

•Proposed by China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT) andSiemens Corporation

•Based on Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD -SCDMA),1998

TD0SCDMS relies on the existing core GSM•Allow a 3G network to evolve through the addition of high data rate equipment at GSM

BS. Very easily and inexpensively added to existing GSM.•Combine CDMA and TDD techniques•A data-only overlay in an existing GSM network•Up to 384 kbps of packet data, Bandwidth = 1.6 MHz•Relay on smart antenna, spatial filtering, joint detection techniques several times

more spectrum efficiency than GSM•7 time slots: flexibly assigned to users•Forward link requires more bandwidth than reverse link more time slots is dedicated

to forward link traffic.



IMT-2000 Standard

International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000)•formulated by International Telecommunications Union (ITU)•ITU, the standards body for the United Nations, TG 8/1 tech. Group•consider how future PCNs should evolve and how worldwide frequency is

implemented to allow subscriber units to work anywhere in the world•Third generation universal, multi-function, globally compatible system•Integrate paging, cordless and cellular system as well low earth orbit (LEO)

satellites into one universal mobile system•A total of 230MHz in band 1885MHz2025MHz, 2110MHz 2200MHz

LEO Smaller capacity than land-based microcellular systems•offer tremendous promise for paging, data collection, emergency

communications and global roaming before IMT-2000 is deployed

In emerging nations, fixed cellular systems are being installed at a rapid rate The world is in the early stage of a major telecommunications revolution. The

new field requires engineers who can design and develop new systems



WARC-92: World-wide, primary,(IMT-2000) terrestrial & satellite

1885 2025 2110 2220

MHz

IMT-2000 IMT-2000

IMT-2000 Frequency Identification

Additional spectrum allocation•806 to 960 MHz

•1710 to 2200 MHz

•2520 to 2670 MHz



Satellite Network Topology

PSTN/PLMN

VLR

HLR

VLR

In satellite networks each switch and gateway can reach the entire service area of a satellite

A terminal typically registerswith a unique gateway, butthere are alternative paths toany terminal

The signaling protocols and routing algorithms haveto resolve path alternatives

Switch

GatewaySwitchGateway



Cellular/PCS Data Speed Evolution(to IMT-2000)

Low Speed Data Medium Speed Data High Speed Data

8Kbps ~ 14.4Kbps 32Kbps ~ 64Kbps 144Kbps ~ 384Kbps

Text data, Graphic

Remote Login,E-mail, Text modeInternet

Graphic,Image

Internet,Internet VOD

Image,Video

Multimedia,VOD,

Now ~ 1999 2000(IMT-2000)~

Data Speed Performance will reach to the IMT-2000 grade,Data Service Applications will be completely matured before

the Commercial Deployment of the IMT-2000 system.



2 Mbps 384 kbps 144 kbps

2 Mbps 384 kbps

144 kbps*

Indoor Office Pedestrian Vehicular

ITUMinimum capabilityfor IMT-2000

DoCoMo's Target

Data services key capabilities



Comparison Bet. WCDMA and CDMA2000

WCDMA•Erisson, Nokia, NTT•Based on GSM Network + New network+ Wideband CDMA tech.•ETSI (Europe), ARIB, TTC (Japan), TIPI (US), TTA (Korea): 3GPP協會, UMTS

standard (Europe)•Advantage: update from GSM, thus cost is lower•Disadvantage: can not obtain CDMA quickly

cdma2000•Qualcomm holds CDMA key tech.•Motolora, Lucent (US)•ANSI (US), ARIB, TTC (Japan), TTA (Korea), China•Advantage: update from cdmaOne (northern America and Asia countries)•Disadvantage :GPS for synchronous timing. GPS tech. is controlled by US army

Nokia like to share GSM tech. to achieve uniform 3G standard, butQualcomm want to exchange CDMA tech. at high patent fee



From current market, UMTS WCDMA is superior•GSM operators are unable to support cdma2000•Japan update PDC to WCMA•China does not support cdma2000•Taiwan cancel AMPS GPRSWCDMA: Korea Samsun can not gain

cdma oversea market

Business of WCDMA and CDMA2000

The sale price of the spectrum was astounding•England: $34 Billion USD for five nationwide 3G licenses•Germany: DeutscheTelekom, Vodafone, France Tel, WorldCom, $46 Billion

USD for 4 competing nationwide licenses•Lucent: $4 Billion USD and One Tel (Austria): $4 Billion USD license•MCI Worldcom, Vodafone Airtouch, Telefonic, Crescent, One2One: $10

Billion USD for B, C, D, E licenses.•France: $4.7 Billion USD each operators for four 3G licenses



BroadbandB-ISDN

IMT-2000 Network IMT-2000 Network

BSC

BSC

ATMSwitch ATM

Switch

MATMSwitch

1 2 3 46

0

D

# *1

B1C

A

7 89

5

1 2 3 46

0

D

# *1

B1C

A

7 89

5

1 2 3 46

0

D

# *1

B1C

A

7 89

5MSC

IMT-2000 Broadband Network and Services



BroadbandB-ISDN


BSC

BSC

ATMSwitch

IWF

ATMSwitch

ATMSwitch

Internet/PSPDN

PSTN/ISDN

Gateway

PCS/Cellular

MSC

IMT-2000 Network



BroadbandB-ISDN


BSC

BSC

ATMSwitch

IWF

ATMSwitch

ATMSwitch

Internet

PSTN/ISDN

Gateway

PCS/Cellular

IMT-2000 : Any Network, Any Media,Everything

1 2 3 460

D# *

1B

1CA7 8

95

1 2 3 460

D# *

1B

1CA7 8

95

1 2 3 460

D# *

1B

1CA7 8

95

1 2 3 460

D# *

1B

1CA7 8

95MSC



. Mobile Internet Based on IMT-2000 Network

o Support Global Roaming & Mobility of the MHso IPv6 addressing will assign unique IP address to all MHso Multi-media/Multithread Communication network

IMT-2000 Core NetworkGlobal Inter-network

IMT-2000Mobile Internet A

nation wide

IMT-2000Mobile Internet B

nation wide

IMT-2000Mobile Internet D

nation wide

IMT-2000Mobile Internet C

nation wide

Realizations of Voice/Data/multimedia Integrated Networks

by Implementation of mobile Internet on the IMT-2000

GWR

GWR

GWR

GWR

Internet



Switched Beams With Auxiliary Pilots

Sector Overlays Beams•Users are Orthogonal in Space and Time•Sector Pattern For Broadcast Channel

and High Mobility Users•Sector and Beams Share Walsh Set

–Walsh Limit Not Problem for High SpeedData

•Unused Beams May Be Turned Off•Orthogonal Beams

–Intra-Sector Softer Handoff Not Needed•Beam Selection Via Base and Mobile

Measurements

Inter-Cell Handoff on Sector Basis•Mobile Reports Sector PN-Walsh 0 Power as in

cdmaOne

W 1W 2

W 3

W 4

W 0

Sector 1PN 1

EtcSector 2PN 2

EtcSector 3PN 3



Adaptive Antennas With Auxiliary Pilots Sector Overlays Adaptive Patterns

•Similar to Switched Beams, Users are Orthogonal inSpace and Time, Sector Pattern For BroadcastChannel and High Mobility Users, Sector and BeamsShare Walsh Set and Intra-Sector Softer Handoff isNot Needed

W 0

Sector 1PN 1

EtcSector 2PN 2

EtcSector 3PN 3

W 1

W 2

Adaptation

•For High Speed Data, Low Mobility (Pedestrian)

•MS Reports Per-Element Channel Gain, or Signal Quality Metric

•BS Adapts Beamformer Coefficients

•Forward Link Capacity gain benefit a function of beam adaptation rate versusmobile doppler frequency

–if adaptation rate (AR) < doppler, gain is minimal

–if AR > doppler frequency, gain is a function of # of phased array antennaelements, e.g., 2 elements provides 2x capacity, 4 elements provides 4xcapacity, etc.



Antenna Arrays (1)

.d

sind

fsin 11

c

2/d

d dd d dd

Antennaelements

o0

o24

Array outputsignal

(a)

-12.5dB 0.13/fAntennaelements

o0

d dd d dd

Array output signal

4 5 6

Delays

(b)

o15

•Beam pattern steering

22



Antenna Arrays (2)Phased arrays for interference rejection

2/d 0

d dd d dd

o0

Array output signal

1

Weights

o5.45

Lookdirection

(a)

Noisedirection

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1

o90 o90 o90 o90 o90 o90 o90

Weight valuesW1= 0.099 W8 = -1.233W2= -1.255 W9 = -1.182W3= -0.266 W10= -1.610W4= -1.518 W11= 0.266W5= 0.182 W12= -1.519W6= -1.610 W13= 0.999W7= 0.000 W14= -1.255

d dd d dd

o0

o5.45

Lookdirection

w1 w3w2 w8w4 w5 w6 w7 w9 w10 w11 w12 w13 w14

Noisedirection

Array output signal(b)

o90 o90 o90 o90 o90 o90 o90



Lesson 5 Complete

lessen 5 3g systems (第三代行動通訊系統€¢a high data rate upgrade path for 2 g and 2.5g...

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