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© 2008 IBM Corporation Software Licensing and Processing Pooling (AKA Licensing 101)

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Page 1: Licensing+101+AIX+User+Group

© 2008 IBM Corporation

Software Licensing andProcessing Pooling(AKA Licensing 101)

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2 © 2008 IBM Corporation

IBM Processors

IBM introduced the first system with dual processor chips in 2001 – the Model 690 server. Since mid 2002 all AIX servers have been built with

dual processor chips – POWER4, POWER5 and POWER6 based servers.

The chips contains two processor cores – sometimes people refer to them as “cores” and sometimes as “processors”. Each of the processor cores

handle the processing of instructions independent of each other. The chip is the physical packaging of the processor cores. The terms “processor”

and “core” means exactly the same and are interchangeable.

POWER4, POWER5, and POWER6 chips have two processor cores on a chip.

Shared L2

1.5+ GHzCore

Distributed Switch

1.5+ GHzCore

1.1+ GHzCore

Distributed Switch

Shared L2

1.1+ GHzCore

POWER4 POWER5 POWER6

L2

Fabric Bus Controller

3.6+ GHzCore

3.6+ GHzCore

L2

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3 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Updated presentation

This presentation has been updated with the Oracle Software Licensing revisions dated March 16, 2009.

The revision increases the POWER6 “multiplier” from .75 licenses per processor core to 1 license per processor core.

POWER5 serves remain at the same .75 licenses per processor core multiplier.

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4 © 2008 IBM Corporation

IBM DefinitionsWhat does IBM mean by a “processor”?

There are three “processor” metrics that are used in the POWER6 based server.

The “Entitled” processors – is the amount of guaranteed amount of processor resources that a partition will get. This number has no

bearing on the amount of licenses required.

The “Virtual” processors – is the amount of processor resources that a partition can get if there is available resources in the pool. This

number is the high water mark for this individual partition.

The “Logical” processors – is the number of threads that the operating system sees. If SMT is turned on (it is by default) then the

number of logical processors will be two times the number of Virtual processors of the partition. This number has no bearing on

the amount of licenses required.

Oracle does not charge for multithreading. A processor core is a set of one or more processor threads. The processor thread tracks execution of a software program

thread. As a result, Oracle does not charge per number of thread.

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5 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Oracle Definitions

There are three Editions of the database with different functionality

Oracle Standard Edition One may only be licensed on servers that have a maximum capacity of 2 sockets.

Oracle Standard Edition may only be licensed on servers that have a maximum capacity of 4 sockets.

Oracle Enterprise Edition can be licensed on any server.

The limitations are based on the total physical capacity of the server and can not be based on partitioning.

Which Version of the Database can I use?

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6 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Oracle Definitions

Which Database Edition runs on what server?

 JS12 / JS22 520 550 560 570 595

Standard Edition One Yes Yes No   No No No

Standard Edition Yes Yes Yes No No No

Enterprise Edition Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Oracle List Price per Core

Standard Edition One - $ 5,800

Standard Edition - $ 17,500

Enterprise Edition - $ 47,500

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7 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Named User Plus – each human and non-human operated device connected to the database must be counted and is subject to

minimums based on the Edition of the database.

Standard Edition One and Standard Edition requires a minimum of 5 Named User Plus licenses or the total number of actual users,

whichever is greater.

Enterprise Edition requires a minimum of 25 Named User Plus licenses or the total number of actual users, whichever is greater.

Which Metric to use for the license – Named User Plus or Processor ?

Oracle Definitions

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8 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Processor - This metric is used in environments where users cannot be identified and counted. This metric can also be used when the Named User Plus population is very high and it is more cost effective for the

customer to license the Database using the Processor metric.

For IBM POWER5 chips, the number of licenses required shall be determined by multiplying cores by a factor of .75. All cores on all

multicore chips for each licensed program are to be aggregated before multiplying by the appropriate factor and all fractions of a number are to

be rounded up to the next whole number. The total can never exceed the total physical number of processor cores in the frame.

When licensing Oracle programs with Standard Edition One or Standard Edition in the product name, a processor is counted equivalent to a

socket.

Oracle Definitions

Most licensing today is done using the Processor Metric.

Which Metric to use for the license – Named User Plus or Processor ?

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9 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Production and Test must be fully licensed under named User Plus or Processor based metrics.

Backups - Oracle permits customers to store a back up copy of the database on storage devices without purchasing additional licenses.

Failover - Nodes are configured in “cluster” with the first installed node acting as a primary node (HACMP). Oracle permits licensed customers to run on an unlicensed spare computer for up to a total of ten separate days in any given calendar year. No licensing required for failover server.

Standby - One or many copies of the primary database are maintained on separate server(s) configured for disaster recovery purposes at all times (DataGuard). If the primary database fails, the standby database is activated to act as the new primary database. In this environment, the primary and the standby databases must be fully licensed.

When is a license required?

Oracle Definitions

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10 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Soft partitioning segments the operating system using OS resource managers. The operating system limits the number of CPUs where an Oracle is running by creating areas where CPU resources are allocated to applications within the same operating system.

Soft partitioning is not permitted as a means to determine or limit the number of software licenses required for any given server.

How do you count the partitions?

Oracle Definitions

Some examples of soft partitions are Sun Containers and IBM Workload Partitions. These do NOT count for sub capacity.

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11 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Hard partitioning physically segments a server, by taking a single large server and separating it into distinct smaller systems. Each separated system acts as a physically independent, self-contained server.

Oracle allows customers to license only the number of CPUs that are turned on to run Oracle.

Oracle does not offer special licensing terms for server usage models where the number of CPUs used can be scaled down or their usage varied “Pay Per Use” or “Pay Per Forecast” models.

How do you count the partitions?

Oracle Definitions

Some examples of hard partitions are Sun Domains and IBM Logical Partitions. These do count for sub capacity.

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12 © 2008 IBM Corporation

IBM DefinitionsWhat does IBM mean by a “value unit”?

IBM Software Group (SWG) uses a relative pricing structure based on the “Processor Value Unit “ or PVU. They also license their software

products on a “subcapacity” basis. You must have these licenses to take advantage of processor pool licensing constructs.

The PVU rating for POWER5 processors is 100 PVUs per processor core (with one exception).

The one exception to this rule it the PVU rating for the Quad Core Module units (like the Model 55Q) is 50 PVUs per processor core.

The PVU rating for POWER6 processors is 120 PVUs per processor core.

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13 © 2008 IBM Corporation

A Model 570 server has eleven partitions – three run the Oracle database, three run the WebSphere application server (WAS) , three run the web server and two Virtual I/O (VIO) servers

The partitions are configured as:

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

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14 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5

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15 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Next count all of the processor cores that can run the Oracle database, which is also known as the “High Water Mark”. On a POWER5 server, the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).

Partition Environment Virtual

Database Prod 4

Database QA 4

Database Test 2

Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required (and always round up).

Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times .75 = 7.5 round up to 8 licenses.

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5

So this server requires a total of eight processor metric licenses.

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16 © 2008 IBM Corporation

When running WAS with a “subcapacity” license, only the partitions that can run the WebSphere Application server are required to be licensed.

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

IBM Definitions applied to POWER5

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17 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Next count all of the processor cores that can run the WebSphere Application Server, which is also known as the “High Water Mark”. On a POWER5 server, the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).

Partition Environment Virtual

WebSphere Application Prod 4

WebSphere Application QA 4

WebSphere Application Test 2

Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of PVU licenses required.

Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times 100 = 1,000 PVU licenses.

IBM Definitions applied to POWER5

So this server requires a total of 1,000 PVU subcapacity WAS licenses.

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18 © 2008 IBM Corporation

The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools

IBM POWER6

One of the major differences between POWER5 and POWER6 based servers is how the processor pooling function works.

In POWER5 all of the processors are in a single pool, so you need to add the number of Virtual Processors in ALL of the partitions that run Oracle to determine the High Water Mark.

In POWER6 you can create multiple processor pools. Each of these sub pools can move resources between the partitions in the sub pool so you still get the benefits of processor pooling but the total amount of processor resources available to ALL of the partitions in the sub pool can not exceed the sub pool.

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19 © 2008 IBM Corporation

On the HMC, you create the

Sub Pool under the

Configuration tab under

System Plans. The Shared Processor

Pool Management screen allows you to define the name and size of your sub pools.

IBM POWER6 Sub Pools

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20 © 2008 IBM Corporation

On the Shared Processor Pool

Management screen, assign a name to the Pool

and define the maximum number

of processing units for that

pool. This is the sum total of the

processor resources

available to ALL of the partitions in that Sub Pool.

IBM POWER6 Sub Pools

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21 © 2008 IBM Corporation

IBM POWER6 Sub PoolsOn your standard view on the HMC, it shows which Sub Pool each of the

partitions participate in.

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22 © 2008 IBM Corporation

The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools

IBM POWER6

Cautions and Caveats

If you do not choose a Sub Pool for a partition, it will automatically participate in the “default” pool. In this case you must count ALL of the partitions running Oracle in the default pool to determine the High Water Mark (just like you did on POWER5).

When you create a Sub Pool, the number of Maximum Processing Units must be EQUAL to OR GREATER than the highest number of Virtual Processors in any individual partition participating in that sub pool.

Don’t make your Sub Pool too small or else you may have partitions looking for processor resources but there is none left in the pool to share (unless that is your intent).

Sub Pools create “one way fences”. The partitions can not grow outside of the Sub Pool fence, but if these partitions are not using all of the processor resources partitions from the default pool can use them.

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23 © 2007 IBM Corporation

The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools

The Sub Pool limits the partition’s access to processor resources. This ensures compliance with software licensing and/or limiting one group or department amount of resources that they can use.

Within the Sub Pool, the processor resources are pooled and dynamically moved between the partitions in this group.

When the Sub Pool is not using 100% of it’s designated maximum resources, they are donated back to the default processor pool for access by other partitions on the frame (arrow on chart). 0

4

8

12

16

Oracle 1 Oracle 2 Oracle 3 WAS 1 WAS 2WAS 3 Web 1 Web 2 Web 3 VIO

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24 © 2007 IBM Corporation

A Model 570 server has eleven partitions – three run the Oracle database, three run the application server, three run the web server and two Virtual I/O (VIO) servers.

The partitions are configured as:

Same set of partitions, on a POWER6 server

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

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25 © 2007 IBM CorporationIBM Confidential

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.

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26 © 2007 IBM Corporation

If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark. If not, then the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).

POWER6 Example without SubPool

Partition Environment Virtual SubPool

Oracle Database Prod 4 Default

Oracle Database QA 4 Default

Oracle Database Test 2 Default

Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 licenses.

Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

If you do not create Sub Pools, licensing is 25% higher than POWER5.

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27 © 2008 IBM Corporation

If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark.

POWER6 Example with Oracle specific SubPool

Partition Environment Virtual SubPool

Oracle Database Prod 4 Oracle

Oracle Database QA 4 Oracle

Oracle Database Test 2 Oracle

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

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28 © 2008 IBM Corporation

In our example, the SubPool could be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 processors.If you wish to remain at the same level of licensing, you must choose 8.

You create the Oracle SubPool with the number of processors that you choose on the HMC screens shown before. The SubPool then limits the total amount of resources that these partitions can access to this number. The only requirement is that the SubPool must have at least as many processors as the largest partition in the SubPool.

POWER6 Example with Oracle specific SubPool

Take the number of processors in the Oracle specific SubPool and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.

Oracle SubPool processor is 8 so you need 8 licenses.

This shows that we can reduce the number of licensing required by using the SubPool.

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

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29 © 2007 IBM CorporationIBM Confidential

Partition Environment Entitled Virtual

Oracle Database Prod 2 4

Oracle Database QA 1 4

Oracle Database Test 0.5 2

WebSphere Application Prod 2 4

WebSphere Application QA 1 4

WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2

Web Prod 0.5 2

Web QA 0.25 2

Web Test 0.25 1

VIO One Prod 0.25 1

VIO Two Prod 0.25 1

IBM Definitions applied to POWER6

Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.

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30 © 2007 IBM Corporation

If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark. If not, then the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).

POWER6 Example without SubPool

Partition Environment Virtual SubPool

WebSphere Application Prod 4 Default

WebSphere Application QA 4 Default

WebSphere Application Test 2 Default

Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times 120 = 1,200 PVU licenses.

Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.

Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6

If you do not create Sub Pools, licensing is 20% higher than POWER5.

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31 © 2008 IBM Corporation

If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark.

POWER6 Example with WAS specific SubPool

Partition Environment Virtual SubPool

WebSphere Application Prod 4 WAS

WebSphere Application QA 4 WAS

WebSphere Application Test 2 WAS

IBM Definitions applied to POWER6

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32 © 2008 IBM Corporation

In our example, the SubPool could be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 processors.If you wish to remain at the same level of licensing, you must choose 8.

You create the WAS SubPool with the number of processors that you choose on the HMC screens shown before. The SubPool then limits the total amount of resources that these partitions can access to this number. The only requirement is that the SubPool must have at least as many processors as the largest partition in the SubPool.

POWER6 Example with WAS specific SubPool

Take the number of processors in the WAS specific SubPool and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.

WAS SubPool processor is 8 so you need 8 times 120 = 960 PVU licenses to remain in compliance.

This shows that we can reduce the number of licensing required by using the SubPool.

IBM Definitions applied to POWER6

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33 © 2008 IBM Corporation

Oracle Sources

All references effective December 2, 2008 All quotations from Oracle documents are in red on the previous slides.

http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/databaselicensing.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/partitioning.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/technology-price-list.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/sig.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressroom/jwoods_multicore.html