ISSN 1392–3161

Lietuvos Respublikos 2002 m.

MOKËJIMØ BALANSAS

BALANCE OF PAYMENTSof the Republic of Lithuania, of 2002

2 0 0 2

© LIETUVOS BANKAS, 2003

Santrumpos

A Bendrasis vartojimas ir investicijos(absorbcija)

BDP Bendrosios disponuojamos pajamosBNP Bendrasis nacionalinis produktasBVP Bendrasis vidaus produktasc.i.f. Kaina, draudimas ir frachtas

(cost, insurance and freight)CELPA Centrinës Europos laisvosios

prekybos asociacijaEBPO Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plëtros

organizacijaECB Europos centrinis bankasELPA Europos laisvosios prekybos asociacijaEPS Ekonominë ir pinigø sàjungaES Europos SàjungaESB Einamosios sàskaitos balansasESD Einamosios sàskaitos deficitasf.o.b. Franko laivo denis (free on board)GP Grynosios pajamosI Bendrosios vidaus investicijosIa Atsargø pasikeitimasIk Bendrasis pagrindinio kapitalo

formavimasMB Mokëjimø balansasNVS Nepriklausomø Valstybiø SandraugaPNÁ Pelno nesiekianèios ámonësS Bendrosios santauposSST Specialiosios skolinimosi teisësTR Grynieji neatlygintini pervedimaiTUI Tiesioginës u�sienio investicijosTVF Tarptautinis valiutos fondasV Bendrasis galutinis vartojimasVn Namø ûkio galutinis vartojimasVv Vyriausybës galutinis vartojimas

Abbreviations

A AbsorptionBEC Classification by Broad Economic

CategoriesBoP Balance of PaymentsC Final consuption expenditurec.i.f. Cost, insurance and freightCAB Current account balanceCAD Current account deficitCEFTA Central European Free Trade AssociationCg Government consumption expenditureCh Households consumption expenditureCIS Community of Independent StatesECB European Central BankEFTA European Free Trade AssociationEU European UnionEUR-12 European Monetary UnionFDI Foreign Direct Investmentf.o.b. Free on boardGDP Gross domestic productGNDY Gross national disposable incomeGNP Gross national productI Gross domestic investmentIc Gross fixed capital formationIMF International Monetary FundIs Changes in stocksNCT Net current transfersNY Net incomeNPI Non-profit enterprisesOECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation

and DevelopmentS Gross savingSDR Special drawing rights

Sutartiniai �enklai

„–“ Reiškinio (rodiklio) atitinkamulaikotarpiu nebuvo

„0,00“ Rodiklio dydis yra ma�esnis kaip 0,005„…“ Nëra duomenø, nors reiškinys (rodiklis)

atitinkamu laikotarpiu buvo

Atkreipiame dëmesá, kad 2002 m. I–III ketvirèiøduomenys perskaièiuoti.

Explanation of symbols

“–” Category not applicable“0,00” Magnitude less than 0.005“…” Data not available

Please, be advised, that the data of Q1–Q3 of 2002have been recalculated.

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3TURINYS

2002 m. Lietuvos Respublikos mokëjimø balanso apþvalga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Mokëjimø balanso sudarymo metodologijos komentaras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Mokëjimø balansas (ketvirèiais, mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Mokëjimø balansas (ketvirèiais, mln. eurø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Mokëjimø balansas (mënesiais, mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Mokëjimø balansas (mënesiais, mln. eurø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Mokëjimø balansas (1997–2002 m., mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Mokëjimø balansas (1999–2002 m., mln. eurø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Mokëjimø balansas (1997–2002 m., mln. JAV doleriø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Einamoji sàskaita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Uþsienio investicijos Lietuvoje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Analitinë mokëjimø balanso lentelë (mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Analitinë mokëjimø balanso lentelë (mln. eurø). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Mokëjimø balanso finansavimo poreikis ir ðaltiniai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Tarptautiniø investicijø balansas (mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Tarptautiniø investicijø balansas (mln. eurø). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Tarptautiniø investicijø balansas (mln. JAV doleriø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Uþsienio investicijø Lietuvoje struktûra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Bendroji skola uþsieniui (mln. litø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Bendroji skola uþsieniui (mln. eurø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Bendroji skola uþsieniui (mln. JAV doleriø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Bendrosios skolos uþsieniui struktûra pagal ásipareigojimus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Bendrosios skolos uþsieniui struktûra pagal sektorius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Vyriausybës skola uþsieniui, áskaitant paskolas, gautas su valstybës garantija . . . . . . . 140

Pajamos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Tiesioginës investicijos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos Lietuvoje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ðalis investuotojas(investuota 2002 m.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ðalis investuotojas

(likutis 2002 m. gruodþio 31 d.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ðalis investuotojas(investuota 1997–2002 m.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ðalis investuotojas(likutis 1997–2002 m. pabaigoje) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis(investuota 2002 m.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis(likutis 2002 m. gruodþio 31 d.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis(investuota 1997–2002 m.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

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(likutis 1997–2002 m. pabaigoje) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

ES ðaliø tiesioginës investicijos Lietuvoje pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis. . . . . . . . . 174

Ðaliø kandidaèiø á ES bei NVS ðaliø tiesioginës investicijos Lietuvojepagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

ELPA ðaliø ir JAV tiesioginës investicijos Lietuvoje pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis . . . 180

Lietuvos tiesioginës investicijos uþsienyje pagal ðalis(likutis 2002 m. gruodþio 31 d.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Lietuvos tiesioginës investicijos uþsienyje pagal ðalis(likutis 1997–2002 m. pabaigoje) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Lietuvos tiesioginës investicijos uþsienyje pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis(likutis 2002 m. gruodþio 31 d.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Lietuvos tiesioginës investicijos uþsienyje pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis

(likutis 1997–2002 m. pabaigoje) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Pagrindiniai Lietuvos Respublikos makroekonominiai rodikliai(ketvirèiais) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Pagrindiniai Lietuvos Respublikos makroekonominiai rodikliai(1997–2002 m.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Einamosios sàskaitos balanso, tiesioginiø uþsienio investicijø beibendrosios skolos uþsieniui ir BVP santykis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Eksportas ir importas pagal prekiø grupes (ketvirèiais) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Eksportas ir importas pagal prekiø grupes ir ðaliø sàjungas 2002 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Eksportas ir importas pagal prekiø grupes (1997–2002 m.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Pagrindiniai uþsienio prekybos partneriai (ketvirèiais) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Pagrindiniai uþsienio prekybos partneriai (1997–2002 m.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Eksportas ir importas pagal prekiø srautus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Eksportas ir importas pagal prekiø srautus ir ðaliø sàjungas 2002 m.. . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Eksportas ir importas pagal sustambintas ekonomines kategorijas . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Transporto paslaugø pajamos 2002 m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Estijos, Latvijos ir Lietuvos mokëjimø balansai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Mokëjimø balanso paskelbimo kalendorius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

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5Contents

Review of the Balance of Payments of the Republic of Lithuania of 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Balance of Payments Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Balance of Payments (LTL million; quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Balance of Payments (EUR million; quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Balance of Payments (LTL million; monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Balance of Payments (EUR million; monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Balance of Payments (LTL million; 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Balance of Payments (EUR million; 1999–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Balance of Payments (USD million; 1997–2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Current Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Foreign Investment in Lithuania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Analytic Presentation of Balance of Payments (LTL million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Analytic Presentation of Balance of Payments (EUR million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112External Financing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114International Investment Position (LTL million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116International Investment Position (EUR million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121International Investment Position (USD million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Structure of Foreign Investment in Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Reserve Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Gross External Debt (LTL million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Gross External Debt (EUR million). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Gross External Debt (USD million) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Structure of Gross External Debt by Liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Structure of Gross External Debt by Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139External debt of the Government, including loans guaranted by the Government. . . . . . . 140Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Direct Investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Countries (flows in 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Countries(positions on December 31, 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Countries (flows in 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . 156Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Countries(positions in the end of 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Economic Activities(flows in 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Economic Activities(positions on December 31, 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Economic Activities(flows in 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania by Economic Activities(positions on the end of 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Direct Investment in Lithuania of EU Countries by Economic Activities . . . . . . . . . . . 174Direct Investment in Lithuania of Candidate andCIS Countries by Economic Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Direct Investment in Lithuania of EFTA Countriesand USA by Economic Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Direct Investment Abroad by Countries(positions on December 31, 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

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6 Direct Investment Abroad by Countries(positions on the end of 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Direct Investment Abroad by Economic Activities(positions on December 31, 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Direct Investment Abroad by Economic Activities(positions on the end of 1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Main Economic Indicators (quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Main Economic Indicators (1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Current Acount Balance, Foreign Direct Investment andGross External Debt compared with GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Exports and Imports by Commodity Group (quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Exports and Imports by Commodity Groups and Country Unions in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . 199Exports and Imports by Commodity Group (1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Exports and Imports by Countries (quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Exports and Imports by Countries (1997–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Exports and Imports by Flows of Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Exports and Imports by Flows of Goods and Country Unions in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Exports and Imports according to BEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Transportation Services Credit (receipts) in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Balances of Payments of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Advance Readiness (Release) Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

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72002 m. Lietuvos Respublikos mokëjimø balanso apþvalga

Einamoji sàskaita. 2002 m. Lietuvos Respub-likos mokëjimø balanso einamosios sàskaitos de-ficitas (ESD) sudarë 2,67 mlrd. litø. 2002 m.,palyginti su 2001 m., ESD padidëjo 375,6 mln. litøir sudarë 5,3 procento bendrojo vidaus produkto(BVP). 2001 m. ESD sudarë 4,8 procento BVP.

ESD bei ESD ir BVP santykis

ESD, mln. Lt ESD ir BVPsantykis, %

2001 m.

I ketv. 546,29 –5,20

II ketv. 485,66 –4,10

III ketv. 7,27 –0,06

IV ketv. 1 255,74 –10,0

2002 m.

I ketv. –512,58 –4,60

II ketv. –792,41 –6,20

III ketv. –177,20 –1,30

IV ketv. –1 188,40 –8,90

2002 m. ESD padidëjimui didþiausià átakà tu-rëjo padidëjæs neigiamas uþsienio prekybos ba-lansas ir sumaþëjæs teigiamas einamøjø perve-dimø balansas. ESD maþëjo dël padidëjusioteigiamo paslaugø balanso ir sumaþëjusio nei-giamo pajamø balanso.

Einamosios sàskaitos balanso, já sudaranèiøbalansø pokyèiai ir šios sàskaitos pokytánulëmæ veiksniai

2001 m.,mln. Lt

2002 m.,mln. Lt Pokytis, % Veiksniai

ESD –2 295,5 –2 670,6 16,4 16,4

Prekybosbalansas –4 432,2 –4 867,8 9,8 19,0

Paslaugøbalansas 1 825,9 1 987,8 8,9 –7,1

Pajamøbalansas –718,8 –642,3 –10,6 –3,3

Einamøjøpervedimøbalansas 1 030,1 851,8 –17,3 7,8

Kapitalo ir finansinës sàskaitø balanso ir jásudaranèiø balansø pokyèiai bei šiø sàskaitøpokytá nulëmæ veiksniai

2001 m.,mln. Lt

2002 m.,mln. Lt

Pokytis,% Veiksniai

Kapitalo irfinansinëssàskaitø (suklaidomis irpraleidimais)balansas 2 295,0 2 670,6 16,4 16,4

Kapitalo sàskaitosbalansas 5,5 203,8 3 605,5 8,6

Tiesioginësuþsienioinvesticijos 1 754,9 2 604,5 48,4 37,0

Investicijøportfelis 1 057,0 39,9 –96,2 –44,3

Išvestinësfinansinëspriemonës –5,3 –10,0 88,7 –0,2

Kitos investicijos 167,8 880,2 424,6 31,0

Oficialiosiostarptautinësatsargos –1 300,1 –1 610,8 23,9 –13,5

Klaidos irpraleidimai 615,2 563,0 –8,5 –2,3

Einamosios sàskaitos priimtinumas. 2002 m.Lietuvos ûkio raida, palyginti su ES ir kaimyniniøšaliø ûkio raida, buvo spartesnë, todël 17,2 pro-cento padidëjæs Lietuvos prekiø eksportas (benaftos produktø) vertintinas ypaè palankiai. Tairodo, kad Lietuvos prekës yra konkurencingos, ošalies prekiø eksportas pakankamai diversifikuo-tas. Didelæ reikšmæ 2002 m. prekiø importo, okartu ir ESD dinamikai turëjo sumaþëjæs šaliesiþdo deficitas. Pagrindinis poþymis, apibûdinantisESD priimtinumà, yra galimybë finansuoti šá de-ficità pritraukiant uþsienio kapitalo áplaukø. Taipatvirtina sëkmingai (su maþesnëmis nei anks-tesniais metais palûkanomis) 2002 m. išplatintiVyriausybës išleisti ilgalaikës trukmës vertybiniaiskolos popieriai, beveik 1,5 karto padidëjæs tie-sioginiø uþsienio investicijø srautas ir pagerëjæšalies tarptautiniai kredito reitingai. Svarbià rei-kšmæ turi ir uþsienio kapitalo áplaukø struktûra,nes tai susijæ su sukauptos skolos uþsieniui dina-mika, jos aptarnavimu ir ESD dydþiu ateityje.2002 m. Lietuvos ESD finansavimas ne skolàdidinanèiomis uþsienio kapitalo investicijomis(daugiausia tiesioginëmis uþsienio investicijomisá akciná kapitalà ir reinvesticijomis) sudarë 76,6procento. Bendroji šalies skola uþsieniui atas-kaitiniais metais sumaþëjo nuo 41,5 iki 40,5 pro-cento BVP. Pagerëjo ir kiti ESD priimtinumàapibûdinantys rodikliai. Oficialiosios tarptauti-nës atsargos (be aukso vertës), skaièiuojant pre-kiø ir paslaugø importo mënesiais, 2002 m. pabai-goje sudarë 3,1 mënesio (metø pradþioje – 2,9mën.). BVP pokytis gerokai viršijo ESD ir BVP

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šalies tarptautiniai finansiniai ásipareigojimai.Uþsienio prekyba. Statistikos departamento

prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybës (toliau –Statistikos departamentas) duomenimis, 2002 m.,

palyginti su 2001 m., Lietuvos prekiø eksportas pa-didëjo 10,7 procento, o prekiø importas – 12,4 pro-cento. Ðiuos pokyèius daugiausia lëmë padidëjæsinvesticiniø ir vartojimo prekiø eksportas beiinvesticiniø ir tarpinio vartojimo prekiø importas.

Pagrindiniø prekiø grupiø eksporto ir importo pokyèiai bei juos nulëmæ veiksniai2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., %

Eksportas Importas

pokytis veiksniø átaka pokytis veiksniø átaka

Visos prekës 10,68 10,68 12,39 12,39

Investicinës prekës 121,3 6,63 46,1 6,52

Tarpinio vartojimo prekës 3,4 1,79 5,9 3,48

Vartojimo prekës 7,9 2,21 1,6 0,31

Benzinas –21,2 –1,76 –90,0 –0,08

Lengvieji automobiliai 31,2 1,66 31,0 1,90

Kitos prekës 55,9 0,15 14,4 0,26

Prekiø eksporto pagal valstybiø grupes kaitos veiksniai(eksportas pagal prekes)2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., %

Iš viso ES CELPA ELPA NVSKitosšalys Rusija

Vokie-tija Latvija Estija JAV

Valstybiø átaka eksportui 10,7 5,8 –2,0 2,6 1,6 2,7 2,5 –1,1 –2,0 1,0 0,1

Visas eksportas pagal valstybes 10,7 12,2 –27,4 136,2 7,9 11,4 22,3 –8,6 –15,6 30,0 2,6

Gyvi gyvûnai; gyvûnø produktai –0,4 –0,7 –1,6 0,2 0,4 0,1 0,7 –1,3 1,1 1,3 4,4

Augalinës kilmës produktai –0,5 0,8 0,3 –8,6 –3,2 –0,3 –1,2 1,9 –0,3 0,2 0,2

Paruoðti maisto produktai,gërimai, tabakas 0,2 0,5 –0,9 1,9 –1,0 0,6 0,6 –0,2 0,5 0,7 1,3

Mineraliniai produktai –2,5 0,5 –28,5 59,0 2,4 –9,7 3,7 0,0 –21,0 11,0 –0,1

Chemijos pramonës ðakøprodukcija 0,7 0,1 2,2 1,1 0,0 2,0 0,8 –10,2 0,7 1,4 1,6

Plastikai ir jø dirbiniai 0,2 0,3 2,7 0,2 0,9 –1,5 3,4 1,0 0,6 2,3 –14,0

Mediena ir medienos dirbiniai 0,7 1,1 –3,1 7,7 0,1 1,0 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,9

Tekstilë ir tekstilës dirbiniai 0,3 1,1 –0,3 1,0 0,0 –0,7 0,5 –3,0 –0,1 –0,1 –3,9

Maðinos ir mechaniniaiárenginiai 0,4 0,4 0,1 2,2 –1,3 1,8 –1,0 0,5 –0,7 2,6 –0,8

Transporto priemonës 8,5 5,1 0,2 60,7 10,0 12,4 14,0 0,8 0,3 9,9 5,9

Kitos prekës 3,0 3,2 1,6 11,1 –0,4 5,6 0,7 1,2 2,6 0,1 7,2

Prekiø importo pagal valstybiø grupes kaitos veiksniai(importas pagal prekes)2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., %

Iš viso ES CELPA ELPA NVSKitosšalys Rusija

Vokie-tija Latvija Estija JAV

Valstybiø átaka importui 12,4 6,9 1,0 1,1 –0,1 3,4 –2,0 1,9 –0,1 0,9 –0,4

Visas importas pagal valstybes 12,4 14,5 11,2 49,9 –0,3 27,5 –8,1 9,7 –1,6 38,3 –19,5

Gyvi gyvûnai; gyvûnø produktai –0,6 0,0 –0,1 –2,8 –1,3 –1,0 –0,5 0,1 –0,9 –1,0 –3,9

Augalinës kilmës produktai 0,1 –0,1 0,8 0,0 0,1 0,2 –0,2 –0,1 0,0 0,0 –0,1

Paruošti maisto produktai,gërimai, tabakas 0,0 0,2 –1,7 –3,6 0,3 0,9 0,1 0,2 1,6 5,0 –2,1

Mineraliniai produktai –1,4 0,0 –0,1 –0,6 –4,1 –1,6 –5,6 0,0 –4,0 0,4 –0,7

Chemijos pramonës ðakøprodukcija 0,4 0,3 2,5 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,0 –2,7

Plastikai ir jø dirbiniai 0,5 1,1 2,6 –1,0 –0,6 –0,3 –0,7 1,0 –0,3 0,1 –8,7

Mediena ir medienos dirbiniai 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6 0,1 0,3 1,4 –0,5 0,1

Tekstilë ir tekstilës dirbiniai 0,1 0,1 1,1 2,1 –0,2 –0,6 –0,2 0,1 –2,5 0,2 0,4

Maðinos ir mechaniniaiárenginiai 2,7 3,9 1,9 –0,7 0,6 4,2 1,1 1,9 0,0 8,8 –10,0

Transporto priemonës 6,7 6,4 0,9 53,3 –0,7 20,9 –0,9 4,1 1,3 24,2 9,3

Kitos prekës 3,5 2,4 3,0 2,2 5,3 4,1 –1,6 2,1 1,5 1,1 –1,2

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9Pagrindiniai Lietuvos uþsienio prekybospartneriaiEksportas, mln. Lt

Pagrindiniai Lietuvos uþsienio prekybospartneriaiImportas, mln. Lt

Paslaugos. 2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., pas-laugø eksportas padidëjo 16,7 procento. 2002 m.sparèiausiai didëjo statybos paslaugø eksportas(42,6 %), taèiau kelioniø ir transporto paslaugøeksporto padidëjimas sudarë daugiau kaip trisketvirtadalius viso paslaugø eksporto prieaugio.Palyginti su visu paslaugø eksportu, transporto irkelioniø paslaugø eksportas atitinkamai sudarë44,4 ir 34,6 procento.

2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., transporto pas-laugø eksportas padidëjo 12,6 procento, o paja-mø, gautø uþ tranzitiniø kroviniø gabenimà, pa-daugëjo 18,3 procento ir, palyginti su visutransporto paslaugø eksportu, sudarë 42,6 pro-cento (2001 m. – 40,6 %).

Transporto paslaugø eksporto pokytis2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., %

Palyginti su 2001 m., 2002 m. laikinai atvy-kusiø á Lietuvà uþsienieèiø sumaþëjo 4,6 procen-to, o laikinai išvykusiø Lietuvos gyventojø padau-gëjo 5,7 procento. Per ataskaitiná laikotarpákelioniø paslaugø eksportas padidëjo 22 procen-tais, o importas (Lietuvos gyventojø kelioniø iš-laidos uþsienyje) – 42,5 procento. Teigiamas ke-lioniø balansas sudarë 624,3 mln. litø (didþiausiasteigiamas kelioniø balansas buvo treèiàjá ketvir-tá – 249,8 mln. Lt, maþiausias pirmàjá ketvirtá –112,4 mln. Lt)

2002 m., palyginti su 2001 m., visas paslaugøimportas padidëjo 21,8 procento. 2002 m. bendrasteigiamas paslaugø balansas sudarë 1,99 mlrd. litø(2001 m. – 1,83 mlrd. Lt).

Pajamos. 2002 m. neigiamas pajamø balansasbuvo 642,3 mln. litø arba 76,5 mln. litø maþesnisnegu 2001 m. Palyginti su 2001 m., praëjusiaismetais 74,9 mln. litø sumaþëjo nerezidentamsišmokëti dividendai uþ tiesiogines uþsienio in-vesticijas ir 86,8 mln. litø sumaþëjo reinvesticijos(á mokëjimø balanso einamàjà sàskaità átrauktoskaip išmokos nerezidentams, o finansinëje sà-skaitoje parodytos tarp tiesioginiø uþsienio in-vesticijø). Sumaþëjo ir valstybës skolos uþsieniuiaptarnavimo išlaidos. Palûkanos, išmokëtos uþuþsienio paskolas, gautas valstybës vardu, ir pas-kolas su valstybës garantija, sumaþëjo 104,5 mln.litø. Kita vertus, sumaþëjo investicijø pajamos.

Einamieji pervedimai. 2002 m. einamøjø perve-dimø balansas buvo teigiamas ir sudarë 851,7 mln.litø (2001 m. – 1,03 mlrd. Lt). Teigiami einamiejipervedimai sumaþëjo dël visø gaunamø neatly-gintinø pervedimø struktûros pokyèiø. 2002 m. ge-rokai daugiau neatlygintinø pervedimø skirtaávairiems investiciniams projektams Lietuvoje ágy-vendinti (pvz., gautos išmokos iš ES paramos fondø(SAPARD ir ISPA), todël padidëjo neatlygintinøkapitalo pervedimø, kurie parodyti kapitalo irfinansinëje sàskaitose, srautas. Einamojoje sàskai-toje parodytas einamøjø pervedimø srautas suma-þëjo.

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as10 Kapitalo ir finansinë sàskaitos. 2002 m. ka-

pitalo ir finansinës sàskaitø balansas sudarë2,11 mlrd. litø, iš to skaièiaus kapitalo sàskaitosbalansas sudarë 203,8 mln. litø, o finansinës sà-skaitos balansas – 1,90 mlrd. litø. Palyginti su2001 m., kapitalo ir finansinës sàskaitø balansaspadidëjo 427,8 mln. litø. Šá pokytá labiausiai nu-lëmë padidëjæ tiesioginiø uþsienio investicijø irkitø investicijø Lietuvoje srautai.

Investicijos uþsienyje. 2002 m. Lietuvos ûkiosubjektø investicijos uþsienyje sumaþëjo 155,8 mln.litø (ketvirtàjá ketvirtá – 296,6 mln. Lt). Šalies ko-merciniai bankai 372,6 mln. litø padidino savoinvesticijas á nerezidentø skolos vertybinius po-pierius, jø indëliai ir korespondentiniø sàskaitølikuèiai uþsienio bankuose padidëjo 29 mln. litø,taèiau bankø paskolos nerezidentams sumaþëjo862,9 mln. litø. Šalies ûkio subjektø tiesioginësinvesticijos uþsienyje padidëjo 61,2 mln. litø, kitøsektoriø indëliai uþsienio bankuose – 22,4 mln. litø,o ásiskolinimas nerezidentams uþ prekes ir paslau-gas – 131 mln. litø.

Uþsienio investicijos Lietuvoje. 2002 m. ben-drø uþsienio investicijø Lietuvoje srautas buvo3,36 mlrd. litø. Palyginti su 2001 m., uþsienio in-vesticijø srautas sumaþëjo 366,1 mln. litø. Ben-dras uþsienio investicijø srautas sumaþëjo dëlsumaþëjusio investicijø portfelio srauto ir padi-dëjusio neigiamo uþsienio paskolø srauto.

Tiesioginiø uþsienio investicijø srautas Lie-tuvoje 2002 m. sudarë 2,67 mlrd. litø. Palyginti su2001 m., šiø investici jø srautas padidëjo882,4 mln. litø, arba beveik 50 procentø. 2002 m.áplaukos, klasifikuojamos kaip tiesioginës uþsie-nio investicijos, uþ privatizuotus objektus buvo188,3 mln. litø, reinvesticijos – 256,1 mln. litø.

2002 m. gruodþio 31 d. sukauptos tiesioginësuþsienio investicijos Lietuvoje sudarë 13,2 mlrd.litø (3,82 mlrd. eurø). Vienam šalies gyventojuividutiniškai teko 3 807 litai (1 103 eurai) tiesio-giniø uþsienio investicijø.

2002 m. daugiausia tiesioginiø investicijøpadaryta á naftos produktø gamybà (742,2 mln.Lt), finansinio tarpininkavimo veiklà (600,6 mln.Lt), maisto produktø, gërimø ir tabako gamybà(341,9 mln. Lt), elektros, dujø ir vandens tiekimà(226,5 mln. Lt).

2002 m. gruodþio 31 d. apdirbamajai pramo-nei teko 29,3 procento visø tiesioginiø uþsienioinvesticijø Lietuvoje, finansinio tarpininkavimoveiklai – 20,1 procento, didmeninei ir maþme-ninei prekybai – 17,3 procento, transporto, san-

dëliavimo ir nuotoliniø ryšiø veikloms – 17,1 pro-cento.

Daugiausia lëšø yra investavæ Danijos (17,2 %visø investicijø), Švedijos (15,3 %), Estijos(11,7 %), Vokietijos (9,6 %) ir JAV (8,7 %) inves-tuotojai. ES šaliø investuotojams teko 59,5 pro-cento visø investicijø, šaliø kandidaèiø á ES – 16,8procento.

Investicijø portfelis. 2002 m. investicijø port-felio áplaukos (srautas) sudarë 517 mln. litø (2001m. – 952,1 mln. Lt). Šiø investicijø srautà lëmënerezidentams išplatinta Vyriausybës euroobli-gacijø emisija, uþ kurià buvo gauta 1,25 mlrd. litø.2002 m. treèiàjá ketvirtá, Vyriausybei išpirkus an-kstesniais metais išplatintà euroobligacijø emi-sijà, investicijø portfelio srautas buvo neigiamas(681,8 mln. Lt).

Kitos uþsienio investicijos. Ásiskolinimas ne-rezidentams uþ prekes ir paslaugas 2002 m. padi-dëjo 495,7 mln. litø. Ketvirtàjá ketvirtá (padidëjusprekiø importui) šis ásiskolinimas padidëjo611,6 mln. litø. Nerezidentø indëliø srautas šalieskomerciniuose bankuose per metus sudarë36,2 mln. litø. Kaip ir praëjusiais metais, uþsieniopaskolø srautas Lietuvoje buvo neigiamas (dau-giau uþsienio paskolø buvo gràþinta negu gauta)ir sudarë 288,8 mln. litø.

Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos. 2002 m.oficialiøjø tarptautiniø atsargø srautas buvo tei-giamas (1,61 mlrd. Lt). Praëjusiais metais Lie-tuvos bankas iš šalies komerciniø bankø nupirko1,3 mlrd. litø bazinës valiutos daugiau, negu jospardavë, o operacijos su centrinës valdþios insti-tucijomis padidino oficialiàsias tarptautines at-sargas tik 18,5 mln. litø.

2002 m. šalies mokëjimø balanse klaidos irpraleidimai sudarë 563 mln. litø (2001 m. – 615,2mln. Lt).

Lietuvos Respublikos tarptautiniø investici-jø balansas. 2002 m. gruodþio 31 d. visas šaliesfinansinis uþsienio turtas sudarë 14 mlrd. litø, ovisi šalies tarptautiniai finansiniai ásipareigoji-mai – 31 mlrd. litø. Neigiamas tarptautiniø inves-ticijø balansas sudarë 17 mlrd. litø. 2002 m. visasuþsienio turtas padidëjo 1,5 mlrd. litø, tarptau-tiniai finansiniai ásipareigojimai – 1,7 mlrd. litø,todël neigiamas tarptautiniø investicijø balansaspadidëjo 225,3 mln. litø. 2002 m. gruodþio pabai-goje daugiausia alies tarptautiniø ásipareigojimøsudarë tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos (42,5 %),gautos uþsienio paskolos (24,3 %), investici jøportfelis (16,1 %) ir kitos investicijos (17,1 %).

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11Review of the Balance of Paymentsof the Republic of Lithuania of 2002

Current account. In 2002 the balance ofpayments current account deficit (CAD) madeup LTL 2.67 billion. Compared to 2001, the CADwidened by LTL 375.6 million and made up 5.3per cent of GDP. In 2001 the CAD made up 4.8per cent of GDP.

CAD and CAD to GDP ratio

CAD,

LTL million

CAD to GDPratio, %

2001

Q1 –546.29 –5.2

Q2 –485.66 –4.1

Q3 –7.27 –0.06

Q4 –1,255.74 –10.0

2002

Q1 –512.58 –4.6

Q2 –792.41 –6.2

Q3 –177.2 –1.3

Q4 –1,188.4 –8.9

This development was mostly influenced bythe increased negative foreign trade balance andcontracted positive balance of current transfers.A higher positive balance of services and a lowernegative income balance were factors pushingCAD down.

Development of the current account andcomposite balances, including factorsinfluencing development of the account

2001,

LTL million

2002,

LTL million

Change,

%

Impact offactors, %

CAD –2,295.5 –2,670.6 16.4 16.4

Tradebalance –4,432.2 –4,867.8 9.8 19.0

Balance ofservices 1,825.9 1,987.8 8.9 –7.1

Incomebalance –718.8 –642.3 –10.6 –3.3

Balance ofcurrenttransfers 1,030.1 851.8 –17.3 7.8

Development of the capital and financialaccount and composite balances, includingfactors influencing development of theaccount

2001,

LTL million

2002,

LTL million

Change,%

Impact offactors, %

Capital andfinancialaccount(with errorsandomissions) 2,295.0 2,670.6 16.4 16.4

Capitalaccountbalance 5.5 203.8 3,605.5 8.6

Net foreigndirectinvestment 1,754.9 2,604.5 48.4 37.0

Net portfolioinvestment 1,057.0 39.9 –96.2 –44.3

Net financialderivatives –5.3 –10.0 88.7 –0.2

Net otherinvestment 167.8 880.2 424.6 31.0

Internationalreserves 1,300.1 –1,610.8 23.9 –13.5

Errors andomissions 615.2 563.0 –8.5 –2.3

Acceptability of the current account Economicdevelopment in the EU and neighbouring countrieswas slower compared to Lithuania in 2002.Excluding mineral products (whose export andimport contracted in 2002), export of goods grew by17.2 per cent is seen as especially positive. It showsthat Lithuanian goods are competitive and thecountry’s export is sufficiently diversified. Thedevelopment of import and, with it, the CAD washighly influenced by the decline of the fiscal deficit.The balance of payments current account balancedepends directly on the development of savings andinvestment in the domestic economy. Thenarrowing of the fiscal deficit reduced Governmentspending, yet the higher growth of investment oversavings determined a widening of the CAD in 2002.The main factor defining the acceptability of theCAD is the ability to finance this deficit byattracting foreign capital inflows. This is confirmedby the successful distribution of long-termGovernment securities in 2002 (with lower interestrates than over the previous years), nearlyone-and-half increase of foreign direct investmentflows and the improved international ratings of thecountry. The structure of foreign capital inflows isalso of great importance as this is related to thedevelopment of accumulated foreign debt and itsservicing, and the size of the CAD in the future. Thefinancing of the CAD with foreign capitalinvestment that does not increase foreign debt

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12 (mostly foreign direct equity investment andreinvestment) made up 76.6 per cent in 2002. Grossexternal debt went down from 41.5 per cent of GDPand 40.5 per cent of GDP over the review period.Other CAD acceptability indicators improved aswell. At the end of 2002, import coverage byinternational reserves (excluding gold) was 3.1months (2.9 months at the start of the year). GDPgrowth significantly outpaced the CAD to GDPratio, which shows that the GDP grew faster thanthe country’s international financial liabilities.

Foreign trade. According to the data of theDepartment of Statistics, in 2002, compared to2001, export of goods increased by 10.7 per cent,while import of goods grew by 12.4 per cent. Suchdevelopments were mostly determined by theincreased exports of investment and consuptiongoods and imports of investment goods andintermediate goods.

Development of export and import of main groups of goods and determining factors2002 compared to 2001, %

Export Import

Change Impact of factors Change Impact of factors

Total 10.68 10.68 12.39 12.39

Investment goods 121.3 6.63 46.1 6.52

Intermediate goods 3.4 1.79 5.9 3.48

Consumer goods 7.9 2.21 1.6 0.31

Petrol –21.2 –1.76 –90.0 –0.08

Cars 31.2 1.66 31.0 1.90

Other goods 55.9 0.15 –14.4 –0.26

Development factors of export of goods by country unions(by export flows of goods)2002 compared to 2001, %

Total EU CEFTA EFTA CIS Other RussiaGer-many Latvia Estonia USA

Impact on export by country 10.7 5.8 –2.0 2.6 1.6 2.7 2.5 –1.1 –2.0 1.0 0.1

Total export by country 10.7 12.2 –27.4 136.2 7.9 11.4 22.3 –8.6 –15.6 30.0 2.6

Live animalsand animal products –0.4 –0.7 –1.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.7 –1.3 1.1 1.3 4.4

Vegetable products –0.5 0.8 0.3 –8.6 –3.2 –0.3 –1.2 1.9 –0.3 0.2 0.2

Prepared foodstuffs 0.2 0.5 –0.9 1.9 –1.0 0.6 0.6 –0.2 0.5 0.7 1.3

Mineral products –2.5 0.5 –28.5 59.0 2.4 –9.7 3.7 0.0 –21.0 11.0 –0.1

Products of chemical industries 0.7 0.1 2.2 1.1 0.0 2.0 0.8 –10.2 0.7 1.4 1.6

Plastics, rubber 0.2 0.3 2.7 0.2 0.9 –1.5 3.4 1.0 0.6 2.3 –14.0

Wood 0.7 1.1 –3.1 7.7 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9

Textiles 0.3 1.1 –0.3 1.0 0.0 –0.7 0.5 –3.0 –0.1 –0.1 –3.9

Machinery 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.2 –1.3 1.8 –1.0 0.5 –0.7 2.6 –0.8

Vehicles 8.5 5.1 0.2 60.7 10.0 12.4 14.0 0.8 0.3 9.9 5.9

Other goods 3.0 3.2 1.6 11.1 –0.4 5.6 0.7 1.2 2.6 0.1 7.2

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13Development factors of import of goods by country unions(by import flows of goods)2002 compared to 2001, %

Total EU CEFTA EFTA CIS Other RussiaGer-many Latvia Estonia USA

Impact on import by country 12.4 6.9 1.0 1.1 –0.1 3.4 –2.0 1.9 –0.1 0.9 –0.4

Total import by country 12.4 14.5 11.2 49.9 –0.3 27.5 –8.1 9.7 –1.6 38.3 –19.5Live animals and animalproducts –0.6 0.0 –0.1 –2.8 –1.3 –1.0 –0.5 0.1 –0.9 –1.0 –3.9

Vegetable products 0.1 –0.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 –0.2 –0.1 0.0 0.0 –0.1

Prepared foodstuffs 0.0 0.2 –1.7 –3.6 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.2 1.6 5.0 –2.1

Mineral products –1.4 0.0 –0.1 –0.6 –4.1 –1.6 –5.6 0.0 –4.0 0.4 –0.7

Products of chemical industries 0.4 0.3 2.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 –2.7

Plastics, rubber 0.5 1.1 2.6 –1.0 –0.6 –0.3 –0.7 1.0 –0.3 0.1 –8.7

Wood 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.4 –0.5 0.1

Textiles 0.1 0.1 1.1 2.1 –0.2 –0.6 –0.2 0.1 –2.5 0.2 0.4

Machinery 2.7 3.9 1.9 –0.7 0.6 4.2 1.1 1.9 0.0 8.8 –10.0

Vehicles 6.7 6.4 0.9 53.3 –0.7 20.9 –0.9 4.1 1.3 24.2 9.3

Other goods 3.5 2.4 3.0 2.2 5.3 4.1 –1.6 2.1 1.5 1.1 –1.2

Main foreign trade partners of LithuaniaExports, LTL million

Main foreign trade partners of LithuaniaImports, LTL million

Services. In 2002, compared to 2001, exportsof services increased by 16.7 per cent. Export ofconstruction services was characterised by thefastest growth in 2002 (42.6%). But exportgrowth in travel and transport services accountedfor more that three quarters of total growth in theexport of services. Transport and travel servicesaccounted for 44.4 and 34.6 per cent of the totalexport of services, respectively.

In 2002, compared to 2001, export of transportservices went up by 12.6 per cent, while incomereceived for transit cargo transportation increasedby 18.3 per cent and made up 42.6 per cent of thetotal export of transport services (40.6% in 2001).

Development of the exports of transportservices2002 compared to 2001, %

The number of foreigners visiting Lithuaniadecreased by 4.6 per cent, while the number ofLithuanian residents temporarily leaving thecountry went up by 5.7 per cent. Export of travelservices went up by 22 per cent over the reviewperiod, and import of travel services (expenses ofLithuanian travellers abroad) increased by 42.5per cent. The positive travel balance made upLTL 624.3 million (the largest positive travelbalance was recorded in Q3 at LTL 249.8 million,while the lowest, LTL 112.4 million, was in Q1).

Compared to 2001, the overall import ofservices increased by 21.8 per cent in 2002. Thetotal positive balance of services amounted toLTL 1.99 billion in 2002 (LTL 1.83 billion in2001).

Income. The negative income balance in 2002made up LTL 642.3 million and was LTL 76.5million lower than in 2001. Dividends to

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14 non-residents for foreign direct investment wentdown by LTL 74.9 million as compared to 2001;reinvestment (which is recorded in the currentaccount of the balance of payments as paymentsto non-residents, and is reflected in the financialaccount as part of foreign direct investment) wentdown by LTL 86.8 million. State debt servicingexpenditure went down as well. Interest on loansreceived on behalf of the state and withGovernment guarantees decreased by LTL 104.5million. On the other hand, investment incomedeclined.

Current transfers. The balance of currenttransfers was positive in 2002 and stood at LTL851.7 million (LTL 1.03 billion in 2001). The declineof positive current transfers was related to thestructural changes in all received non-repayabletransfers. In 2002 there was a sizeable increase innon-repayable transfers for the implementation ofvarious investment projects in Lithuania (e.g.payments from EU support funds (SAPARD andISPA)), which resulted in increased flows of suchcapital transfers and a reduction of currenttransfers.

Capital and financial account. The capitaland financial account balance made up LTL 2.11billion in 2002, of which the capital accountbalance made up LTL 203.8 million, and thefinancial account balance was LTL 1.9 billion.Compared to 2001, the capital and financialaccount balance increased by LTL 427.8 million.This development was mostly influenced by theincreased inflows of foreign direct investmentand other investment in Lithuania.

Investment abroad. Investment abroad byLithuanian economic entities went down by LTL155.8 million (LTL 296.6 million in Q4) in 2002.Domestic commercial banks increased theirinvestment in non-resident debt securities by LTL372.6 million; their deposits and correspondentaccount balances with foreign banks went up byLTL 29 million, while bank loans to non-residentsdeclined by LTL 862.9 million. Foreign directinvestment by domestic economic entitiesincreased by LTL 61.2 million, deposits of othersectors with foreign banks went up by LTL 22.4million and trade credit from non-residents wentup by LTL 131 million.

Foreign investment in Lithuania. Total foreigninvestment flows in 2002 made up LTL 3.36 billion.Compared to 2001, foreign investment flowsdeclined by LTL 366.1 million. The total decline offoreign investment flows in Lithuania wasdetermined by the contraction of portfolioinvestment flows and the expansion of negativeforeign loan flows.

Foreign direct investment flows stood at LTL2.67 billion in 2002. Compared to 2001, theseflows increased by LTL 882.4 million, i.e. by

nearly 50 per cent. Inflows classified as foreigndirect investment from privatisation made upLTL 188.3 million in 2002, and reinvestmentmade up LTL 256.1 million.

On 31 December 2002, accumulated foreigndirect investment in Lithuania stood at LTL 13.2billion (EUR 3.82 billion), or LTL 3,807 (EUR1,103) per head of population.

Most foreign direct investment was directedinto the production of petroleum products (LTL742.2 million), financial intermediation (LTL 600.6million), food, drinks and tobacco production (LTL341.9 million), electricity, gas and water supply(LTL 226.5 million).

On 31 December 2002 the processing industryaccounted for 29.3 per cent of total foreign directinvestment in Lithuania, financial intermediationfor 20.1 per cent, retail and wholesale trade for17.3 per cent, transport, storage and long distancecommunication for 17.1 per cent.

The largest investors by country were Denmarkwith 17.2 per cent of total investment, Sweden(15.3%), Estonia (11.7%), Germany (9.6%) andUSA (8.7%). EU investors accounted for 59.5 percent of total investment, EU candidate countriesfor 16.8 per cent.

Portfolio investment. Portfolio investmentinflows in 2002 made up LTL 517 million (LTL952.1 million in 2001). These investment flows weredetermined by the distribution of the GovernmentEurobond issue among non-residents, whichresulted in LTL 1.25 billion of receipts. Portfolioinvestment flows were negative in Q3 2002 (LTL681.8 million) as the Government redeemed anearlier Eurobond issue.

Other foreign investment. Trade credit fromnon-residents increased by LTL 495.7 million in2002. In Q4 it went up by LTL 611.6 million (dueto increased imports of goods). non-residentdeposit flows in domestic commercial banksmade up LTL 36.2 million. Same as last year, totalforeign loan flows were negative (more foreignloans were repaid) and stood at LTL 288.8million.

Reserve assets. Reserve assets flows in 2002were positive (LTL 1.61 billion). Net purchase ofthe anchor currency by the Bank of Lithuania fromcommercial banks was LTL 1.3 billion, andoperations with the central government institutionsincreased reserve assets by LTL 18.5 million.

Errors and omissions in the balance ofpayments in 2002 made up LTL 563 million (LTL615.2 million in 2001).

Balance of the international investmentposition of the Republic of Lithuania. On 31December 2002, total foreign financial assets ofthe country made up LTL 14 billion, and totalinternational financial liabilities amounted to LTL31 billion. The negative international investment

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15balance made up LTL 17 billion. In 2002, totalforeign assets increased by LTL 1.5 billion,international financial liabilities went up by LTL1.7 billion, and the negative internationalinvestment balance increased by LTL 225.3

million. At the end of December 2002 the majorpart of international liabilities consisted of foreigndirect investment (42.5%), foreign loans (24.3 %),portfolio investment (16.1%) and otherinvestment (17.1%).

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as16 Mokëjimø balanso sudarymo metodologijos komentaras

Bendrieji principai

Mokëjimø balansas – tai statistinë ataskaita,parodanti atitinkamo laikotarpio ðalies ekono-miniø operacijø su kitomis ðalimis vertæ. Pagrin-dinis MB tikslas – parodyti ðalies uþsienio ekono-miniø ryðiø subalansuotumo lygá. MB parodo:

a) prekiø ir paslaugø eksportà, importàbei darbo ir investicijø pajamas;

b) ðalies finansiniø reikalavimø ir ásipareigo-jimø kitoms ðalims bei aukso atsargø, specialiøjøskolinimosi teisiø pokytá;

c) neatlygintinus pervedimus.Visos operacijos ávertinamos rinkos kaina,

t. y. kaina, uþ kurià pardavëjas pasirengæs par-duoti prekæ ar paslaugà, o pirkëjas pasirengæs tàkainà sumokëti.

MB sudaromas remiantis buhalterinës aps-kaitos pagrindiniu dvigubo áraðo principu. Taireiðkia, kad kiekviena ûkinë operacija balanseparodoma du kartus: vieno straipsnio – debete, okito – kredite. Ðios taisyklës ekonominë inter-pretacija paprasta – daugelis ekonominiø opera-cijø yra ne kas kita, kaip ekonominiø vertybiømainai. Jeigu ekonominës vertybës (prekës, pas-laugos ar finansinis turtas) perduodamos ar gau-namos neatlygintinai, tuomet tokios operacijosparodomos specialiame straipsnyje – neatlygin-tini pervedimai (transferai).

Šalies MB sudaromas ir skelbiamas vadovau-jantis principiniais TVF, EUROSTAT ir ECBmetodiniais reikalavimais, pateikimo ir publikavi-mo standartais. Remiantis šiais nurodymais,kredite parodomi:

a) prekiø ir paslaugø eksportas;b) darbo ir investicijø pajamos;c) uþsienio turto sumaþëjimas arba ásiparei-

gojimø uþsieniui padidëjimas.Debete parodomi:a) prekiø ir paslaugø importas;b) darbo ir investicijø iðlaidos;c) uþsienio turto padidëjimas arba ásiparei-

gojimø uþsieniui sumaþëjimas.Kadangi kreditas þymimas teigiamu þenklu, o

debetas – neigiamu, tai visø áraðø suma turi bûtilygi nuliui. Taèiau praktikoje ðio balanso pasiektinepavyksta, nes duomenys, apibûdinantys prie-ðingas tø paèiø ekonominiø operacijø puses, gau-nami ið skirtingø informacijos ðaltiniø, kurie ne vi-sada sutampa. Pavyzdþiui, duomenys apie prekiøeksportà gaunami muitiniø deklaracijø pagrindu,o tuo tarpu informacija apie valiutos áplaukas áeksportuojanèiø ûkiniø subjektø sàskaitas imamaið bankø statistikos ar ið ámoniø statistinësatskaitomybës. Todël MB yra numatytabalansuojanti eilutë: „Klaidos ir praleidimai“.

Nerezidentai – juridiniai ir fiziniai asmenys,visà laikà gyvenantys bei veikiantys kitose ðalysearba gyvenantys ir veikiantys Lietuvoje trumpiaunegu vienerius metus. Iðimtis – ambasados, atsto-vybës, karinës bazës ir kiti panaðaus pobûdþio sub-jektai, taip pat studentai, nors jø mokslo trukmëgali bûti ilgesnë negu vieneri metai.

Klasifikavimo principai. MB duomenys gru-puojami tam tikru bûdu. Kaip ir kitose statistikos sis-temose, taip ir MB pirmiausia atskiriamos eina-mosios ir kapitalo operacijos. Einamojoje sàskaitojeparodomos prekiø, paslaugø, pajamø ir einamøjøpervedimø operacijos (einamieji pervedimai trak-tuojami kaip pajamø perskirstymas). Kapitalo irfinansinëje sàskaitose parodomos operacijos, susiju-sios su uþsienio turtu ir ásipareigojimais.

Prekës. Be tradicinio prekiø importo ir ekspor-to, ðiame straipsnyje parodomas ir prekiø ásigi-jimas uþsienio uostuose bei prekiø reeksportas(reimportas). Prekiø eksportas ir importas fiksuo-jami MB tuo momentu, kai rezidento nuosavybësteisë á prekes perduodama nerezidentui (arbaatvirkðèiai). Muitinës deklaracijose ir uþsienioprekybos statistikoje importas ávertinamas c.i.f.kainomis, o eksportas – f.o.b. kainomis. Prekiøvertæ c.i.f. kainomis sudaro faktinë prekiø par-davimo kaina ir krovimo, transportavimo, drau-dimo bei kitos su ðiø prekiø gabenimu iki ðaliesgavëjos sienos susijusios iðlaidos. Prekiø vertæf.o.b. kainomis sudaro faktinë prekiø pardavimokaina ir krovimo, transportavimo bei kitos su ðiøprekiø gabenimu iki ðalies siuntëjos sienossusi jusios iðlaidos. MB prekiø eksporto irimporto dydþiai apskaièiuojami remiantis TVFmetodika mokëjimø balansui sudaryti. Taikantðià metodikà, prekiø eksporto ir importo apimtisapskaièiuojama f.o.b. kainomis. Tai ágalina pa-lyginti skirtingø ðaliø duomenis.

Sudarant MB, ið muitinëje deklaruojamø im-porto prekiø vertës atimamos su prekiø gabe-nimu susijusios iðlaidos (frachto mokestis), ku-rios pridedamos prie transporto paslaugø. Todëlskiriasi prekiø importo duomenys ðalies MB irduomenys, gaunami muitiniø deklaracijø pagrin-du (2002 m. ðis skirtumas sudarë 1 681,5 mln. Lt).

Kintant grynøjø pinigø uþsienio valiuta preky-bos balansui ir gyventojø indëliams uþsienio va-liuta ðalies bankuose, Lietuvos banko vertinimudalis ðio pervirðio priskiriama nedeklaruotamprekiø ir paslaugø eksportui, o dalis deficito – ne-deklaruotam prekiø importui. Remiantis tokiaisvertinimais, 2002 m. prekiø ir paslaugø eksportaspadidëjo 2 095 mln. litø.

Taigi dël skirtingos skaièiavimo metodikos irneatitinka Statistikos departamento ir MB pa-teikti uþsienio prekybos duomenys.

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17Paslaugos. Ðiame straipsnyje parodomos rezi-dentø paslaugos, suteiktos nerezidentams, irnerezidentø paslaugos, suteiktos rezidentams.

Darbo ir investicijø pajamos. Ðiame strai-psnyje parodomos pajamos, gautos uþ nereziden-tams suteiktus ir ið jø gautus gamybos veiksnius(darbo jëga, kapitalas). Straipsnyje „Darbo paja-mos“ rodomas gautas rezidentø atlyginimas uþdarbà nerezidentinëje ðalyje (pvz., sezoniniø darbi-ninkø atlyginimas). Straipsnyje „Investicijø paja-mos“ parodomos pajamos, gaunamos uþ disponuo-jamà uþsienio turtà, ir atvirkðèiai. Tai dividendai uþturimus nerezidentø nuosavybës vertybinius po-pierius, palûkanos uþ skolos vertybinius popierius,palûkanos uþ indëlius uþsienio bankuose, palû-kanos uþ paskolas ir kitos investicijø pajamos.

Neatlygintini pervedimai (transferai). Taiekonominë operacija, kurios metu nerezidentasperduoda rezidentui prekes, paslaugas ar finansi-ná turtà, mainais negaudamas jokio ekvivalento.MB atskiriami einamieji ir kapitalo pervedimai.Einamieji pervedimai – tai paveldëtas turtas, do-vanos, humanitarinë ir techninë pagalba bei kt.Kapitalo pervedimai – tai ásiskolinimø nuraðymas(abipusiu susitarimu), migrantø turtas, investi-cijø projektai ir kt.

Finansinëje sàskaitoje parodoma uþsienio tur-to ir ásipareigojimø uþsieniui kaita. Finansinëssàskaitos neigiamas balansas parodo rezidentøturimo uþsienio turto padidëjimà arba rezidentøásipareigojimø uþsieniui sumaþëjimà. Finansinëssàskaitos teigiamas balansas reiðkia, kad sumaþëjorezidentø uþsienio turtas arba padidëjo rezidentøásipareigojimai uþsieniui. Finansinëje sàskaitojeuþsienio turtas ir ásipareigojimai klasifikuojamipagal funkciná poþymá:

a) tiesioginës investicijos;b) investicijø portfelis;c) iðvestinës finansinës priemonës;d) kitos investicijos;e) oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos.Tiesiogine uþsienio investicija pagal TVF me-

todikà bei EUROSTAT metodinius nurodymusyra laikoma tokia investicija, kurios pagrindususiformuoja tiesioginio uþsienio investuotojo irtiesioginio investavimo ámonës ilgalaikiaiekonominiai finansiniai santykiai ir interesai.EBPO rekomendacijose 10 procentø balsavimoteisiø pripaþástama kaip þemutinë riba, kaitiesioginis uþsienio investuotojas turi galimybædalyvauti valdant tiesioginio investavimo ámonæ.Uþsienio investicija, maþesnë kaip 10 procentøbalsavimo teisiø, priskiriama ne tiesioginëmsinvestici joms, o investici jø portfeliui. Tie-sioginëms uþsienio investicijoms priskiriama netik pirminis kapitalo investavimas, bet ir visosvëlesnës operacijos tarp investuotojo ir tiesio-

ginio investavimo ámonës. Tiesiogines uþsienioinvesticijas sudaro akcinis kapitalas (akcijos áver-tintos rinkos kaina), reinvesticijos (tiesiogiai uþ-sienio investuotojui priklausanti pelno (nuosto-lio) dalis, kuri jam ataskaitiniu laikotarpiunepaskirstyta dividendø forma, o likusi ámonëje)ir kitas kapitalas (tiesioginio uþsienio inves-tuotojo ir tiesioginio investavimo ámonës tarpu-savio ásipareigojimai skolinantis ir skolinant tur-tà).

Investicijø portfelis – nuosavybës vertybiniaipopieriai, nepriskirti tiesioginëms investicijoms,vertybiniai skolos popieriai ir kitos finansø rinkospriemonës.

Iðvestiniø finansiniø priemoniø sandoriai –tai finansinës priemonës, susijusios su kitu kon-kreèiu rodikliu ar preke (turtu), su kuriø pagalbafinansø rinkose vyksta prekyba finansinëmis rizi-komis (palûkanø normos, valiutos kurso, kredito,prekiø kainø rizikos ir pan.). Iðvestinës finansinëspriemonës daþniausiai ásigyjamos rizikos valdy-mo ir apsidraudimo tikslais.

Kitos investicijos klasifikuojamos pagal fi-nansiniø priemoniø rûðis: indëliai ir grynieji pini-gai, paskolos, ásiskolinimai uþ prekes ir paslaugasbei kitas finansinis turtas ir ásipareigojimai.

Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos – tai cen-trinio banko ar kitos jo funkcijas vykdanèios insti-tucijos kontroliuojamas uþsienio turtas, kuris pri-reikus gali bûti panaudotas MB deficituifinansuoti ar kitiems panaðiems tikslams. Ofi-cialiàsias tarptautines atsargas sudaro valstybeipriklausantis piniginis auksas, SST, atsargø po-zicija TVF, centrinio banko turtas uþsieniovaliuta (konvertuojamàja valiuta banknotais irmonetomis, taip pat lëðos, esanèios uþsienio ban-kø sàskaitose), uþsienio vyriausybiø likvidûs verty-biniai popieriai (áskaitant atpirkimo sandorius) irkitas likvidus turtas.

Duomenys apie oficialiàsias tarptautines at-sargas kaupiami vadovaujantis TVF „Mokëjimøbalanso vadovëlio“ 5-ajame leidime ir Vadovëlyjetarptautinëms atsargoms ir likvidumui uþsieniovaliutomis átraukti á apskaità iðdëstyta metodo-logija. Anksèiau buvo skelbiama oficialiøjøtarptautiniø atsargø grynoji vertë, t. y. atëmusatpirkimo sandorius. Dabar skelbiama oficialiøjøtarptautiniø atsargø bendroji vertë.

Šalies skola uþsieniui apima valstybës ir ûkiosubjektø skolà. Jà sudaro skolos vertybiniai po-pieriai, gautos ilgalaikës ir trumpalaikës paskolos(áskaitant paskolas, áskaitomas á tiesioginiø uþsie-nio investicijø sudëtá), nerezidentø indëliai Lie-tuvos bankuose, nerezidentø suteiktos trumpa-laikës prekybos paskolos, kiti trumpalaikiaifinansiniai ásipareigojimai nerezidentams.

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as18 Informacijos šaltiniai

Lietuvos bankas nuo 1995 m. pirmojo ket-virèio rengia ataskaitinius šalies MB, koordinuojavisus darbus, susijusius su informacijos, reika-lingos MB sudaryti, rinkimu, ir metodologiškaivadovauja šiems darbams.

Informacijà, reikalingà MB sudaryti, Lietuvosbankui rengia ir teikia ministerijos, organizacijosir kredito ástaigos pagal su Lietuvos bankusuderintà apimtá, struktûrà ir terminus. Ûkio sub-jektai Statistikos departamentui teikia statistinësatskaitomybës formas, kuriose pateikiami ataskai-tiniai duomenys apie ekonomines operacijas sunerezidentais.

Statistikos departamentas Lietuvos bankui tei-kia duomenis apie prekiø eksportà ir importà(muitiniø deklaracijø pagrindu), duomenis apieðalies visø nuosavybës formø ekonomikos sub-jektø (iðskyrus bankø sektoriø) ir nerezidentøfinansinius komercinius santykius, tiesiogines uþ-sienio investicijas á Lietuvà ir ûkio subjektø tie-siogines investicijas uþsienyje, humanitarinæ uþ-sienio pagalbà.

Finansø ministerija teikia duomenis apie gau-tas ir gràþintas uþsienio paskolas valstybës varduir su valstybës garantija, paskolø panaudojimà irjø tvarkymo iðlaidas, apie gautas áplaukas ið nere-zidentø uþ privatizuotus objektus Lietuvos Res-publikoje, sumokëtus tarptautiniø finansø orga-nizacijø nario mokesèius, biudþeto konsulinespajamas.

Uþsienio reikalø ministerija teikia duomenisapie Lietuvos Respublikos ambasadø ir atsto-vybiø padarytas iðlaidas, apie ðalies dalyvavimàtarptautinëse ne finansø organizacijose (stoja-mieji ir nario mokesèiai), apie uþsienio valstybiøir tarptautiniø organizacijø techninës pagalbosprojektø vykdymà bei duomenis apie pridëtinësvertës mokesèio gràþinimà uþsienio ambasadomsir atstovybëms, reziduojanèioms Lietuvoje.

Valstybës ámonë Registrø centras teikia duo-menis apie ásteigtas bendras su uþsieniu ir uþsie-nio kapitalo ámones (ásteigtos ámonës ástatiniokapitalo dydá ir jo struktûrà).

Valstybës sienos apsaugos tarnyba prie Vi-daus reikalø ministerijos teikia duomenis apieatvykusiø á Lietuvà ir iðvykusiø ið jos asmenøskaièiø pagal pilietybæ ir transporto rûðis.

Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondo val-dyba teikia duomenis apie gautas ið uþsienio irpervestas á uþsiená lëðas, skirtas pensijoms mo-këti, bei duomenis apie Lietuvoje reziduojanèiøuþsienio diplomatiniø tarnybø sumokëtas socia-linio draudimo ámokas uþ samdomus Lietuvospilieèius.

Lietuvos centrinis vertybiniø popieriø depo-zitoriumas teikia duomenis apie á vertybiniø po-pieriø vieðosios apyvartos tarpininkø sàskaitas

átrauktø vertybiniø popieriø (ið jø Vyriausybësvertybiniø popieriø) pasiskirstymà tarp rezidentøir nerezidentø (ið viso, pagal ðalis ir investuotojøgrupes).

Lietuvos Respublikos vertybiniø popieriø ko-misija teikia duomenis apie nerezidentø ámokasir iðmokas uþ akcijø paketus bei ámoniø skolosvertybiniø popieriø registrà.

Lietuvos bankas, sudarydamas MB, remiasiišvardytais statistiniais duomenimis, informacija,kurià surenka ið komerciniø bankø ir savo struk-tûriniø padaliniø, ekspertiniais vertinimais ir pa-pildomais skaièiavimais.

Mënesio mokëjimø balanso sudarymoypatybës

Mënesio mokëjimø balansas sudaromas su-trumpinta forma, t. y. á apskaità átraukiami tiklabai agreguoti rodikliai:Einamoji sàskaita (kreditas, debetas, balansas)

Prekyba (eksportas, importas, balansas)Paslaugos (kreditas, debetas, balansas)Pajamos (kreditas, debetas, balansas)Einamieji pervedimai (kreditas, debetas, ba-

lansas)Kapitalo ir finansinës sàskaitø balansasKapitalo sàskaita (kreditas, debetas, balansas)Finansinë sàskaita (kreditas, debetas, balansas)

Tiesioginës investicijosUþsienyjeLietuvoje

Investicijø portfelisUþsienio turtas

BankaiKiti sektoriai

ÁsipareigojimaiVyriausybëBankaiKiti sektoriai

Iðvestinës finansinës priemonësUþsienio turtasÁsipareigojimai

Kitos investicijosUþsienio turtas

VyriausybëBankaiKiti sektoriai

ÁsipareigojimaiLietuvos bankasVyriausybëBankaiKiti sektoriai

Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargosKlaidos ir praleidimai.

Mënesio mokëjimø balansas (kaip ir ketvir-èio) sudaromas statistiniø ataskaitø pagrindu. Ta-èiau mënesio statistines ataskaitas (su maþesniu

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19rodikliø skaièiumi) teikianèiø respondentø skai-èius yra gerokai maþesnis. Mënesio ataskaitiniaiduomenys ið kitø sektoriø renkami remiantis ûkiosubjektø atrankine apklausa. Ðie ûkio subjektaiatrinkti pagal jø reprezentatyvumo lygá konkre-èioje veikloje arba pagal atskirø operacijø su nerezidentais mastà. Ið beveik 5 tûkst. kitø sektoriøûkio subjektø, teikianèiø ketvirèio ataskaitiniusduomenis, mënesio ataskaitas teikia apia 250.

Ðalies komerciniai bankai teikia mënesio atas-kaità apie áplaukas ið uþsienio bankø ir perve-dimus uþsienio bankams. Ðie duomenys padedatikslinti apklausiamø ámoniø registrà.

Visos valstybës institucijos ir komerciniai ban-kai, Lietuvos bankui teikiantys ketvirèio ataskai-tinius duomenis, teikia ir mënesio duomenis.

Atrankinës apklausos metu gauti ataskaitiniaimënesio duomenys ekstrapoliuojami taikant ati-tinkamus iðplëtimo koeficientus.

Kadangi kai kurie mënesio mokëjimø balansorodikliai apskaièiuojami taikant iðplëtimo koefi-cientus ir darant atitinkamus vertinimus, trijømënesiø duomenø suma nebûtinai sutaps su ket-virèio ataskaitø duomenimis. Sudarius ketvirèiomokëjimø balansà, ankstesni mënesiø balansoduomenys tikslinami, koreguojami.

Mënesio mokëjimø balanso duomenys skel-biami praëjus 30 darbo dienø po ataskaitinio më-nesio pabaigos Lietuvos banko interneto svetai-nëje. Toks duomenø skelbimo terminas yrasuderintas su ES ðaliø ir ðaliø kandidaèiø mënesiomokëjimø balanso duomenø pateikimo ECB gra-fiku. Duomenø skelbimo grafikas pateikiamasLietuvos Respublikos mokëjimø balanso biule-tenyje.

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20 Balance of Payments Methodology

The balance of payments is compiled underthe guidance of fundamental methodicalrequirements and the standards of presentationand publication of the IMF and the Eurostat.

From the first quarter of 1995 the Bank ofLithuania prepares the current national balanceof payments, coordinates all work related to thecollection of information necessary for thecompilation of the balance of payments andsystematically guides this work.

The balance of payments of Lithuania iscompiled monthly, quarterly and annually. Thebalance of payments consists of standard items.Current account shows bilateral transactions intrade and services, receivable and payable interest,dividends and current transfers (non-repayabletransferred securities and monetary funds,humanitarian aid, etc.). Capital account registerscapital transfers and the purchase and sale ofnon-production and non-financial funds andintangible assets (intangible valuables) bynon-resident. Financial account registers themovement of financial funds from one country toanother. Transactions related to the change ofownership, including the emerging or liquidationof claims and liabilities, are included intoaccounting. Changes of claims and liabilities thatdo not result from transactions are not includedinto the items of the BoP.

The BoP is a statistical report that includes thevalue of operations of economic nature betweena specific state and other states (non-residents)that happened during a certain period. The mainobjective of the BoP is to show the level ofbalance of the state’s foreign economic relations.The BoP shows the following:

export and import of goods and services andlabour and investment income;the change of the financial claims andliabilities of the state and the change of goldreserves and SDRs;non-repayable transfers.All operations are valued at the market price,

i.e.; the price for which the seller is ready to sell aproduct or a service and the buyer is ready to paythat price.

The balance of payments is compiled on thebasis of the double entry principle – the mainprinciple of accounting. It means that eacheconomic operation is shown in the balancetwice: in the debit of one item and the credit ofanother item. The economic interpretation ofthis rule is simple – most economic operations arenothing more than an exchange of economicvaluables. If economic valuables (goods, servicesor financial assets) are transferred or received

without payment for them, then such operationsare reflected in a special item – “non-repayabletransfers” (transfers).

Since a positive sign marks credit and debit ismarked by a negative sign, them the sum of allentries should equal 0. However, in practice it isdifficult to reach this balance, since the data thatcharacterises reverse sides of the same economicoperations are received from different informationsources that do not always match. For example, dataon the export of goods are received on the basis ofcustoms declarations and information on thecurrency inflows into the accounts of exportingeconomic entities is received from bank statistics orstatistical reporting of companies. Therefore, theBoP provides for a balancing item “errors andomissions”.

Data are collected and classified according tothe international standards recommended by thefifth edition of Balance of Payments Manual(BPM5) and the classification of the Eurostat(Balance of Payments Vade Mecum). Data aredivided by economic sectors, activities andcountries.

Goods. Primary data source is the foreign tradestatistics prepared by the Department of Statisticsof Lithuania on the basis of data of the import andexport declarations for goods collected by theCustoms Department. [The Customs Departmentpresents the customs declarations of importers andexporters (SAD forms) to the Statistics Departmentof Lithuania].

Foreign trade volume is calculated based onthe General Foreign Trade Principles and thedefinition of the General Trade System andrecommended methods by the Statistical Serviceof the United Nations. All goods that enter thecountry (imports) and all goods that leave thecountry (exports) are registered. The followingitems are considered imports: import of goods foruse inside the country, temporary import forprocessing and delivery of compensation productsmade from them for use inside the country and tocustoms warehouses, import of goods to customswarehouses. The following items are considered asexports: export of goods of the Lithuanian origin,exports of temporary imported goods forprocessing and compensation products made fromthem, re-export of freely circulating earlierimported goods and export of goods from customswarehouses. Exported and imported goods areregistered in the foreign trade statistics accordingto the note of the customs officer in the Generaldocument that shows the date of registering thecustoms procedure.

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21Temporary export and import, repair of goods,leasing and humanitarian aid goods are alsoincluded into accounting. Besides the customsdata, the results of trade with electricity andnatural gas are also included into this item. Thedata on goods delivered at the ports of transportagencies are received from the reports of transportcompanies.

Services. Data on the services rendered byresident non-financial enterprises to non-residentsand the services rendered by non-residents to theeconomic entities of Lithuania are received on thebasis of statistical research performed by theDepartment of Statistics of Lithuania. All categoriesof services are separated in questionnaires and itenables the aggregation of available data accordingto the standard groups of services of the 5th editionof BPM by the IMF and the extended classificationof services by the Eurostat and the OECD. Morethan five thousand companies complete the saidquestionnaire.

Transportation. This category includes cargoand passenger transportation services by using allmeans of transportation and seaport and airportservices. Data are received based on quarterlystatistical reports of Lithuanian companiesengaged in international transportation of goodsand passengers. Data on the delivery of cargoes bysea, air, road and railroad transport and by pipenetworks are received from the reports of the saidenterprises.

Travel. Travel services include all goods andservices acquired by travellers in foreigncountries. (A person living in a country in whichhe/she is not a local resident less than one year isconsidered a traveller). Services that belong tointernational passenger transportation – i.e.,transportation of passengers between countries –are not included into the item of travels. Suchservices belong to the category of passengertransportation services. Data on travel servicesare calculated on the basis of the monthly data onthe number of incoming foreigners and departingresidents of Lithuania presented by the BorderPolice Department and the selective research ofthe incoming foreigners and their averageexpenses and the time of stay performed by theDepartment of Tourism of Lithuania.

Other services. The main source of informationon income and expenses related to other types ofservices is the quarterly report on non-financialenterprises by the Department of Statistics ofLithuania. In this report the economic entitiessubmit data on inflows and expenditures from suchcategories of services and payments abroad asconstruction, communications, finance, computersand information, royalties, insurance, Governmentservices, acquisition of licences, leasing andbusiness lease, other personal, cultural and

entertainment services, other business services andother services. Data on the Government servicesare received from the projects of technicalassistance rendered by foreign governments andinternational organisations. The largest part ofinformation on Government services is receivedfrom the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Information isbased on the data on the expenses of the embassiesof Lithuania abroad and salaries paid to theemployees of Lithuania working abroad. Data onfinancial services are received from the reports ofcommercial banks. Additional information onvarious services is collected from other officialsources.

Income. Data on income are received from thequarterly reports of non-banking enterprises andreports submitted by commercial banks, ministriesand departments as well as the central bank.Information on compensation for employees isreceived from reports of non-financial companiesand the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (data on theexpenses of the embassies of Lithuania abroad).The main sources of data on investment income(expenses) are the following: quarterly reports bynon-financial enterprises, quarterly reports ofbanks and the information from the Ministry ofFinance on interest paid for loans received onbehalf of the State and with the guarantee of theGovernment.

Current transfers. Data are received fromvarious governmental agencies and the bankingsector. The Department of Statistics presents dataon the charity received (granted). The Ministry ofFinance and the Ministry of Foreign Affairssubmit data on entry and membership fees paid bythe Government to international organisations.The largest part of information included in theBoP as the item on current transfers is receivedfrom the information by the Ministry of ForeignAffairs on the projects of technical assistancecarried out by foreign countries and internationalorganisations and funds in Lithuania. TheMinistry of Communications submits informationon remittances to and from foreign countries.Data on pensions transferred from foreigncountries (Russia, Ukraine) are submitted by theSavings Bank.

Capital account. This item includes only thevalue of foreign investment projects. Data arereceived from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Financial account covers direct investment,portfolio investment, other investment andreserve assets.

Foreign direct investment, according to themethods of the IMF and the methodical directionsof the Statistical office of the European Union, issuch investment on the basis of which long-termeconomic financial relations and interests formbetween a foreign direct investor and a direct

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22 investment company. Recommendations of theOrganisation of Economic Co-operation andDevelopment recognise 10 per cent of voting rightsas the lowest limit under which a foreign directinvestor has a possibility to participate in themanagement of a direct investment company.Foreign investment lower than 10 per cent ofvoting rights is attributed to investment portfolioinstead of direct investment. Not only the primarycapital investment is attributed to foreign directinvestments, but also all later operations betweenthe investor and the direct investment company.Foreign direct investments consist of stock capital(shares valued at market price), reinvestment (theportion of profit (loss) directly owned by a foreigninvestor that was not distributed to him in the formof dividends during the period under review andremained in the company) and other capital(liabilities between the foreign direct investor andthe direct investment company in borrowing andlending assets).

Portfolio investment – ownership securitiesthat are not attributed to direct investment, debtsecurities and other financial market instruments.

A financial derivative contract is a financialinstrument that is linked to another specificfinancial instrument or indicator or commodityand through which specific financial risks (such asinterest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, equityand commodity price risks, credit risk, etc.) can,in their own right, be traded in financial markets.Financial derivatives are most ofter acquired forthe risk management and hedging purposes.

Other investment are classified by the types offinancial instruments: currency and deposits,loans, trade credits and other financial assets andliabilities that are not attributed to directinvestment and portfolio investment.

Reserve assets – foreign assets controlled bythe central bank or other institutions performingits functions that may be used for financing theBoP deficit and other similar purposes. Reserveassets are comprised by monetary gold owned bythe State, Special Drawing Rights, Reserveposition in the IMF, central bank assets in foreigncurrency (in convertible currency in banknoteand coins as well as funds in the accounts offoreign banks), liquid securities of foreigngovernments (including repurchase agreements)and other liquid assets.

Information required for the compilation of theBoP is prepared and submitted to the Bank ofLithuania by ministries, organisations and banks inaccordance with the volume, structure and termsco-ordinated with the Bank of Lithuania. Economicentities submit statistical reporting forms includingthe reporting data on economic operations withnon-residents to the Department of Statistics to theGovernment of the Republic of Lithuania.

The Department of Statistics to the Governmentof the Republic of Lithuania submits data to the Bankof Lithuania on the exports and imports of goods (onthe basis of customs declarations), data on financialcommercial relations of national economic entities ofall ownership forms (excluding the banking sector)with non-residents, foreign direct investment intoLithuania and direct investment of economic entitiesinto foreign countries, foreign humanitarian aid.

The Ministry of Finance submits data on theforeign loans on behalf of the State and with theguarantee of the Government received and granted,the use of loans and the expenses for their servicing,on the inflows received from non-residents forprivatised objects in the Republic of Lithuania,membership fees paid to international financialorganisations, consulate budgetary income.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs presents data onthe expenses of the embassies and representativeoffices of the Republic of Lithuania, on theparticipation of the country in internationalnon-financial organisations (entry and membershipfees), on the projects of technicalassistance by foreigncountries and international organisations and data onreturning the value added tax to foreign embassiesand representative offices residing in Lithuania.

The State Enterprise Centre of Registerspresent data on the newly established jointcompanies and foreign capital companies (theamount of share capital and its structure of theestablished company).

State Border Guard Service to the Ministry ofInterior presents data on the number of personsarriving to Lithuania and leaving it by citizenshipand the types of transport.

The Board of the State Social Insurance Fundsubmits data on the funds for paying pensionsreceived from abroad and transferred abroad anddata on social insurance payments paid by foreigndiplomatic services residing in Lithuania for theemployed citizens of Lithuania.

The Central Securities Depository of Lithuaniapresents data on the distribution of securities (fromthese, Government securities) accounted for in theaccounts of intermediaries of the public circulationof securities between residents and non-residents(total, by countries and by investor groups).

The compilation of the BoP by the Bank ofLithuania is based upon the above-mentionedstatistical data, information collected fromcommercial banks and its structural subdivisionsand expert evaluations and additional calculations.

Data of the Balance of Payments are presentedto the Government of the Republic of Lithuania,the Committees of the Seimas of the Republic ofLithuania, the departments and organisationsconcerned in Lithuania and abroad (IMF, OECD,Eurostat). The comprehensive data are publishedin a specialised quarterly Balance of Payments

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23Bulletin. Besides, the data are published in theInternet page of the Bank of Lithuania and theelectronic bulletin of the IMF.

Peculiarities of the monthly Balance ofPayments compilation

As from January 2002, the Bank of Lithuania hasstarted to publish official monthly Balance ofPayments of the Republic of Lithuania (keyitems) data. The monthly Balance of payments iscompiled in the enlarge components:Current account (credit, debit, balance)

Trade (exports, imports, balance)Services (credit, debit, balance)Income (credit, debit, balance)Current transfers (credit, debit, balance)

Capital and financial account balanceCapital account (credit, debit, balance)Financial account (credit, debit, balance)

Direct investmentAbroadIn Lithuania

Portfolio investmentAssets

BanksOther sectors

LiabilitiesGeneral GovernmentBanksOther sectors

Financial derivativesAssetsLiabilities

Other investmentAssets

General GovernmentBanksOther sectors

LiabilitiesMonetary authoritiesGeneral GovernmentBanksOther sectors

Reserve assetsErrors and omission

Similar to quarterly Balance of Payments, themonthly Balance of Payments is compiled on thebasis of statistical surveys. However, the numberof respondents presenting monthly statisticalstatements is significantly smaller compared tothe quarterly surveys providers. The quantity ofindicators included therein is also noticeably less.All public institutions and commercial banksbeside quarterly reporting data also furnish theBank of Lithuania with their monthly figures.Monthly reporting data from other sectors arecollected by way of sampling survey of economicentities. These economic entities are selectedaccording to their level of representation in aconcrete activity or to the scope of operationswith non-residents. From almost 5 000 othersectors economic entities that present theirquarterly reporting figures, about 250 entitiessubmit their monthly reports. Reporting monthlydata obtained from sampling survey of economicentities are extrapolated by the application ofcorresponding coefficients.

As individual monthly Balance of Paymentsindicators are calculated by the help ofextrapolation coefficients and by makingrespective evaluations, summarized data of thethree months may not coincide with the respectivefigures of a corresponding quarter. After thecompilation of a quarterly Balance of Payments,data of separate months of this quarter are revised.

The monthly Balance of Payments data aremade public 30 business days after the end of areporting month.

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