‰mq` Avjx Avkivd Gi Rxebx

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•mq` Avjx Avkivd 1924 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvix XvKv †Rjvi beveMÄ _vbvi AvMjv MÖv‡g gvgvi

evox‡Z Rb¥ Mªnb K‡ib| Zuvi c~‡iv bvg ‣mq` Avey bmi Avjx Avkivd| Z‡e Avjx Avkivd bv‡gB

cwiwPZ jvf K‡ib| Zvui wcZvi bvg •mq` Avjx nv‡g` Ges gvZvi bvg ‣mq`v KvgiæwbœMvi LvZzb|

Zvui ‣cwÎK wbevm gv¸iv †Rjvi Av‡jvKw`qv MÖv‡g| Av‡jvKw`qvi weL¨vZ •mq` cwiev‡i Zvui Rb¥|

XvKvi wgicyi gvhv‡i kvwqZ weL¨vZ m~dx mvaK I Bmjvg cÖPviK nhiZ •mq` kvn Avjx evM`v`x

(ivnt) Zvui c~e© cyiæl| wcZv I gvZvi w`K †_‡K wZwb ‣mq` eskxq| •kke †_‡KB eskxq cÖ_vq

Ava¨vwZœK NivYvq jvwjZ cvwjZ nb| Zvui c~e© cyiæl •mq` kvn Avjx evM`v`x (ivnt) eskvbyµ‡g ivm~j

(mt) Gi †`․wnÎ Bgvg †nvmvBb (ivt) Gi 19Zg cyiæl| wZwb evM`v` †_‡K m~dx mvabv cÖmvi I

Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ PwjøkRb msMxmn 1443 mv‡j w`jøx‡Z Av‡mb| ZLb w`jøxi wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ

wQ‡jb •mq` AvjvDÏxb Avjg kvn| G Ava¨vwZœK mva‡Ki Pwi‡Î gy» n‡q mgªvU AvjvDwÏb Zvui Kb¨v

kvnRv`x Av‡qkv LvZzb‡K Zvui Kv‡Q we‡q †`b| Zvici Zvuiv GKwU cyÎ mšÍvb jvf K‡ib| hvui bvg

iv‡Lb ‣mq` kvn Imgvb| •mq` kvn Avjx (ivnt) ¯¿x Ges cyÎ •mq` kvn Imgvb‡K wb‡q 1451 mv‡j

dwi`cy‡ii †Mi`vq P‡j Av‡mb| GLv‡b Avmvi ci wZwb 2q we‡q K‡ib| 2q ¯¿x eyhyM© wewe bv‡g

cwiwPZ jvf K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z cÖ_g ¯¿x gviv hvb| 2q ¯¿xi N‡iI mšÍvbvw` jvf K‡ib| GK mgq

wØZxq ¯¿x eyhyM© wewei mšÍv‡biv mr fvB •mq` kvn Imgv‡bi cÖwZ we‡Øl †cvlY K‡i| wKš‘ eyhyM© wewe

•mq` Imgvb‡K wbR mšÍvb‡`i †P‡q †ekx fvjevm‡Zb| ‣mq` kvn Imgv‡bi cyÎ wQ‡jb •mq` kvn

Avt Kvw`i, Zuvi cyÎ •mq` kvn Avt ikx`, Zuvi cyÎ •mq` kvn gynv¤§` hv‡Ki, Zvui cyÎ ‣mq` kvn Avt

iwk`, Zvui c yÎ •mq` kvn gynv¤§` hv‡Ki, Zvui cyÎ •mq` kvn gynv¤§` nvwdh †Mi`v †_‡K ZrKvwjb

h‡kvn‡ii gv¸iv G‡m Av‡jvKw`qv MÖv‡g emevm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ‣mq` kvn nvwd‡hi cyÎ wQ‡jb •mq`

kvn gynv¤§` bvwhi, Zvui cyÎ •mq` kvn Avkivd Avjx, Zvui cyÎ •mq` kvn mv‡qd Avjx| ‣mq` kvn

mv‡qd Avjxi PvicyÎ wQj| Zvuiv n‡jbt •mq` Kv‡kg Avjx, •mq` Avj&Zvd Avjx, ‣mq` ‡gvgZvh

Avjx I ‣mq` †gvKviig Avjx| ‣mq` Kv‡kg Avjxi yÕ‡Q‡j wZb Kb¨v, •mq` AvjZvd Avjxi GK

‡Q‡j yÕKb¨v, ‣mq` †gvgZvh Avjx wbtmšÍvb I ‣mq` †gvKviig Avjxi GK cyÎ yÕKb¨v wQj|

‣mq` Kv‡mg Avjxi wØZxq †Q‡j •mq` Avjx nv‡g‡`i mv‡_ •mq` †gvKviig Avjxi Kwbôv Kb¨v ‣mq`v

Kvgiæb wbMvi LvZz‡bi we‡q nq| ‣mq` Avjx nv‡g` I •mq`v Kvgiæb wbMv‡ii cvuP cyÎ cvuP Kb¨v| cvuP

cyÎ h_vµ‡g RvZxq Aa¨vcK I `viæj Bnmvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b wf.wm •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, wewkó

wk¶vwe` `viæj Bnmv‡bi cÖwZôvZv wf.wm giûg cÖ‡dmi •mq` Avjx Avkivd, cÖL¨vZ ‡nvwgIc¨vw_K

Aa¨vcK •mq` Avjx †iRv, `viæj Bnmvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b †cÖvwfwm I Avj‡kdv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR

I nvmcvZv‡ji †Pqvig¨vb Aa¨vcK •mq` Avjx bKx I GK mg‡qi evsjvi wk¶K (eZ©gv‡b Amy¯’)

•mq` Avjx ZKx| cvuP Kb¨vi g‡a¨ eZ©gv‡b PviRb RxweZ| giûg cÖ‡dmi •mq` Avjx Avkivd

mw¤§wjZ fvB †evb‡`i g‡a¨ PZz_© Ges fvB‡`i g‡a¨ wØZxq wQ‡jb| Bgvg †nvmvBb (ivt) Gi esk

ZvwjKvq •mq` Avjx Avkivd 31 Zg cyiæl|

wk¶v Rxeb

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd QvÎ Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ †gavex wQ‡jb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡K Zvui gv‡S †gavexi

¸Yv¸Y cwjw¶Z nq| ¯^ífvlx, kvšÍ ¯^fve I Av`k©evb G QvÎwU ¯‥zj †_‡K G‡mB AwaK mgq

Aa¨q‡bi g‡a¨ KvUv‡Zb| cÖv‡P¨i A·‡dvW© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gymwjg n‡j Pwjø‡ki `k‡K AbywôZ

evwl©K cyi¯‥vi weZiYx‡Z evsjv Ges Bs‡iRx‡Z wewfbœ wel‡q iPbv cÖwZ‡hvMx wn‡m‡e cÖwZwU‡Z cÖ_g

¯’vb Ges me¸‡jv AvB‡U‡g cÖ_g n‡q we‡kl cyi®‥vi MÖnY K‡i evievi Wvqv‡m DVvbvgv Ki‡Z wM‡q

`k©K‡`i wecyj KiZvwj‡Z Awfbw›`Z GB †gavex I K…Zx QvÎ| cÖv_wgK wk¶v ïiæ K‡ib gvgvi evox

AvMjv‡Z| cieZx©‡Z 1931 mv‡j cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ XvKv P‡j Av‡mb| 1932 mv‡j wZwb

Avigvbx‡Uvjv miKvix nvB¯‥z‡j fwZ© nb Ges 1940 mv‡j †gwUª‡K cÂg ¯’vb jvf K‡ib| Zvici

¯‥jvikxc †c‡q XvKv B›UviwgwW‡qU K‡j‡R (eZ©gv‡b XvKv K‡jR)| fwZ© nb| 1942 mv‡j AvB G

cix¶vq 6ô ¯’vb jvf K‡ib| Zvici XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1945 mv‡j Bs‡iRx‡Z we.G Abv‡m©

cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g n‡q ¯^Y ©c`K cvb| GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1946 mv‡j D³ wel‡q K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_

Gg.G. cvk K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z e„‡U‡bi K¨vgeªxR wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| ILvb

†_‡K 1952 mv‡j Bs‡iRx‡Z we.G.Abvm© cvk K‡i ‡`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| cybivq K¨vgeªx‡R D”P wk¶vi

my‡hvM cvb Ges K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Bs‡iRx‡Z 1956 mv‡j Gg.G. I 1964 mv‡j wc.GBP.wW. wWMÖx jvf

K‡ib| K¨vgeªxR Aa¨vqbKv‡j Zvui ‡gav I cÖwZfvq wk¶Kiv AZ¨šÍ gy» wQ‡jb| Zvui wc.GBP.wW-i

w_wm‡mi MvBW wgt Iqvëvim Gi Kv‡Q cieZx©‡Z Aa¨qbiZ R‣bK evsjv‡`kx Qv·K ‣mq` Avjx

Avkiv‡di cÖwZfv I †gavi D`vniY w`‡q H ai‡bi QvÎ nIqvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb|

`v¤úZ¨ Rxeb

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd 1948 mv‡j Pvu`cy‡ii cÖL¨vZ AvBbRxwe giûg †gvni Avjx mv‡n‡ei

Kb¨v, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pwjø‡ki `k‡Ki QvÎx †eMg AvwQqv‡K we‡q K‡ib| ‡eMg AvwQqv ‡QvU‡ejv

†_‡K GKRb †m․wLb wPÎwkíx| Pvu`cy‡i cÖv_wgK wk¶v ïiæ K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z XvKvi B‡Wb ¯‥zj GÛ

K‡jR †_‡K ÒGÓ †j‡fj cvk K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Aviex‡Z h_vµ‡g we.G Abvm© I

Gg.G.cvk K‡ib| 1951 mv‡j K¨vgeªxR¯’ †nv‡giU&b K‡jR ‡_‡K GWy‡Kk‡b †cvó MÖ vRy‡qU wWMÖx jvf

K‡ib| †eMg AvwQqvI ¯^vgxi b¨vq Rxe‡bi AwaK mgq wk¶wqÎx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb| XvKvi

wfKviæ‡bœmv ¯‥zj, KivPx‡Z I K¨vgeªx‡R wewfbœ bvm©vix I †K.wR. ¯‥z‡j 1953-1984 mvj ch©šÍ

wk¶‡qÎx wQ‡jb| Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb GKRb `¶ n¯Í wkíx| wewfbœ ai‡Yi ivbœv I wkí Kv‡h© Zvi wQj

Abb¨ cÖwZfv| ‣mq` Avjx Avkivd I †eMg AvwQqv `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b †Kvb mšÍvbvw` jvf K‡ib wb|

Kg© Rxeb

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd AvRxeb GKRb wk¶K wQ‡jb| †`‡k we‡`‡k Zvui Av`k© I wbôvevb

wk¶KZvi gva¨‡g eû Ávbx-¸Yx •Zix K‡i †M‡Qb| 1947 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bs‡iRx wefv‡M

†jKPvivi wn‡m‡e Zvi wk¶KZv Rxeb ïiæ| 1947-1955 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

Bs‡iRxi †jKPvivi Ges wiWvi wQ‡jb| 1955-1956 mvj ch©šÍ ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iRx

wefv‡M wiWvi Ges wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| 1956-1973 mvj ch©šÍ KivPx wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bs‡iRxi

cÖ‡dmi Ges wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| 1973-1974 mvj ch©šÍ K¨vgeªxR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K¬qvi n‡ji

†d‡jv wQ‡jb| 1974-1984 mvj ch©šÍ †m․`x Avi‡ei †RÏv¯’ wKs Avãyj AvwRR wek¦we`¨vjq I g°v¯’

D¤§yj Kziv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iRx wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi I wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| 1982-1992 mvj ch©šÍ

†m․`x Avi‡ei †RÏv¯’ wKs Avãyj AvwRR wek¦we`¨vjq I g°v¯’ D¤§yj Kziv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iRx

wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi I wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| 1982-1992 mvj ch©šÍ K¨vgeªxR wek¦we`¨vj‡q wfwRwUs

cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ `viæj Bnmvb wek¦we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶KZvq wb‡qvwRZ

wQ‡jb| ZvQvov wZwb 1971 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi nvf©vW© I 1974 mv‡j KvbvWvi wbD eªvÝ DBK

wek¦we`¨vj‡q wfwRwUs cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K gvj‡qwkqv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, eªæbvB mn wewfbœ †`‡ki

wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖwk¶Y ‡Kv‡m© †jKPvi w`‡q‡Qb| wk¶KZv I wk¶v`vb c×wZ‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb GK

AZzjbxq e¨wËZ¡|

wk¶v ms¯‹viK

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd wQ‡jb GKRb AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ wk¶vwe` I wk¶v ms¯‥viK| weMZ

wZb `k‡K Òwk¶vi BmjvgxKiYÓ GKK wk¶v`k©b wb‡q mviv we‡k¦ AK¬všÍ cwikªg K‡i †M‡Qb Ges

wk¶v ms¯‥v‡i cw_K…Z wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui „wó‡Z Ávb-weÁv‡b cvðvZ¨ †mKzjvwió

a¨vb-avibvi cÖfv‡e †h ‣bwZKZv I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q Pj‡Q Zv †_‡K i¶v ‡c‡Z n‡j wk¶vi

BmjvgxKiY K‡i ag© wfwËK wk¶vi weKí †bB| Zvui G wgkb‡K mdj Kivi j‡¶¨ 1974 mv‡j

ZrKvjxb †m․`x ev`kvn dqmvj web Avãyj AvwRR‡K wPwV †`b Ges †m․`x wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K Bmjvgx

HwZn¨ A¶zbœ ‡i‡L cwðgv a¨vb aviYvi mv¤cÖwZK AvµgY †_‡K i¶vi Avï c`‡¶‡ci civgk© †`b|

cieZx©‡Z †m․`x Aviemn Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg †`‡ki wewkó wk¶vwe`MY‡K mv‡_ wb‡q 1977 mv‡j g°v

kix‡d cÖ_g wek¦gymwjg wk¶v m‡¤§j‡bi cÖavb D‡`¨v³v I mwPe wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| Zvici 1980-

1996 mvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ ‡`‡k G ai‡Yi Av‡iv cvuPwU wek¦ m‡¤§j‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b| wewfbœ †`‡k AbywôZ

wk¶vm‡¤§jb, †mwgbvi, IqvK©mc BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g wk¶vi BmjvgxKiY Av‡›`vj‡bi cw_K…Z wn‡m‡e

wk¶v ms¯‥v‡i, AZzjbxq f~wgKv †i‡L †M‡Qb| Ae‡k‡l 1989 mv‡j wbR †`‡k `viæj Bnmvb

wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡i Zvui wk¶v`k©b‡K ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v ms¯‥v‡ii KvR Pvjy †i‡L †M‡Qb|

wk¶v‡¶‡Î Zvui Ae`vb wn‡m‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K eB wj‡L †M‡Qb| hv evsjv, Bs‡iRx I Aviex fvlvq

AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q we‡klfv‡e mgv „Z|

ag© cÖPviK

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd GKRb L¨vwZgvb ag© cÖPviK wQ‡jb| ag©cÖPv‡i Zvui gva¨g wQj yÕwU|

cÖ_gZ: wk¶vi BmjvgxKiY wØZxqZt m~dx mvabv| wk¶vi BmjvgxKi‡Y wZwb wewfbœ gZ I

ag©vej¤x‡`i wbKU Bmjvgx g~j¨‡eva I AvwK`vq wek¦v‡mi `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb| Zvui G `vIqvZx KvR

AZ¨šÍ m~¶è I cÖÁvi mv‡_ Pvjy †i‡LwQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb GKRb m~dx mvaK wn‡m‡e †`k we‡`‡ki

L¨vwZgvb Awj-eyhyM©‡`i †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib| wZwb hvu‡`i †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib Zvuiv n‡”Qbt

evsjv‡`‡ki nhiZ kvn m~dx Wvt ew`D¾vgvb (ivnt) nhiZ nv‡dR eRjyi ingvb (ivnt) cvwK¯Ív‡bi

nhiZ Rvnxb kvn (ivnt) †m․`x Avi‡ei nhiZ mvB‡q¨` gvbRyi †nvmvBb (ivnt) kvBL gynv¤§` Avjvfx

gvwjKx| †`‡k QvovI e‡Ub, KvbvWv, wÎwb`v` (I‡qó BwÛR), mvD_ Avwd«Kv I Av‡gwiKvimn wewfbœ

†`‡k Zvui A‡bK gyix` i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e wZwb cÖvPxb hy‡Mi m~dx ag©cÖPviK‡`i b¨vq we‡kl K‡i

BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv‡Z KvR K‡i †M‡Qb| wZwb m~dx mvabvq Ava¨vwZœKZvi GK weivU ch©v‡q DbœwZ

jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Gme w`K †_‡K wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Kv‡gj Awj|

mgvRKgx©

Ab¨w`‡K wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb wbt¯^v_© bxie mgvRKgx©| GZ e¨¯ÍZvi gv‡SI wZwb wewfbœ ¯’v‡b

wb‡Ri we¯ÍvwiZ cwiPq †Mvcb †i‡LB mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ms¯‥v‡i KvR K‡i‡Qb| MÖv‡g-M‡Ä-gv ªvmv

gmwR`mn wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b I Ab¨vb¨ Kj¨vY I †mev †¶‡Îi gva¨‡g mvgv‡Ri wbwf©K Kg©x wn‡m‡e

mvgvwRK DbœwZ K‡i †M‡Qb|

Abb¨ cÖwZfv

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, mdj mgv‡jvPK, M`¨wkíx I fvlvwe`|

Bs‡iRx Ges evsjv mvwnZ¨vsM‡b Zvui cwiwPwZ Pwjø‡ki `kK †_‡K| 1943-44 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb c~e©

cvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm‡`i mn-m¤úv`K wQ‡jb, 1944-45 mvj ch©šÍ m¤úv`K I 1945-47 mvj ch©šÍ

mn-mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| Kwe mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e wZwb †ek msL¨K eB iPbv K‡i †M‡Qb| GB me iPbv

evsjv-Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ eûj cwiwPZ I we‡kl f~wgKv †i‡L hv‡”Q|

weij e¨w³Z¡

‣mq` Avjx Avkivd gvbe Kj¨vY I `vbkxjZvi GK weij e¨w³Z¡| wb‡R bq ïay Ab¨‡KI `vb

Kv‡h© me©`v Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb| `v‡bi †¶‡Î wZwb wQ‡jb wØZxq ÔnvRx gynv¤§` gynmxbÕ| Zvui cÖwZwôZ

Avkivd †Pwi‡Uej Uªv÷ I hvKvZ dvÛ gvbe †mev I `vb Kv‡R GK Abb¨ f~wgKv †i‡L hv‡”Q|

wbtmšÍvb ‣mq` Avjx Avkivd g„Zy¨i c~‡e© Zvui ¯’vei-A¯’vei mKj m¤úwË Avkivd †Pwi‡Uej Uªv÷ I

`viæj Bnmvb Uªv‡÷ `vb K‡i †M‡Qb|

wZ‡ivavb

Ae‡k‡l, 7 AvMó 1998Bs e„‡U‡bi K¨vgeªxR¯’ wbR evwo‡Z iv‡Z NygšÍ Ae¯’vq Zvui cÖf~i

Wv‡K cicv‡i P‡j †M‡Qb|