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Lifting Equation

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Lifting Equation. Tujuan. Menilai risiko LBP pada pekerjaan lifting loading Memberikan rekomendasi pencegahan LBP. Ruang Ligkup. Untuk pekerjaan lifting-loading berulang Dengan 2 tangan Tidak termasuk carrying (hanya untuk ≤ 7 feet). Jenis Risk Assessment untuk Lifting-loading. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Lifting Equation

Lifting Equation

Page 2: Lifting Equation

Tujuan

• Menilai risiko LBP pada pekerjaan lifting loading

• Memberikan rekomendasi pencegahan LBP

Page 3: Lifting Equation

Ruang Ligkup

• Untuk pekerjaan lifting-loading berulang• Dengan 2 tangan• Tidak termasuk carrying (hanya untuk ≤ 7 feet)

Page 4: Lifting Equation

Jenis Risk Assessment untuk Lifting-loading

1. Lifting equation dari Alberta Institute (sudah dipelajari)

2. AL dan MPL (NIOSH WPG for manual lifting)3. RWL (single task & Multi Task)

Page 5: Lifting Equation

NIOSH WPG for manual lifting 1981

• Pada NIOSH WPG for manual lifting 1981 dikenal :– Action Limit (AL) – Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL)

• AL & MPLo Bila beban < AL maka yang mampu mengangkat

beban adalah : > 99% pekerja Laki-laki (mayoritas)> 75% pekerja wanita (mayoritas)

o Bila beban > AL maka perlu kontrol administratif & teknik

o Bila Beban > MPL maka perlu redesign karena hanya 25% pekerja pria & < 1% pekerja wanita yg mampu menjalankan tugas ini (minoritas)

Page 6: Lifting Equation

• AL (lb)= 90(6/H)(1-0.01IV-30I)(0.7+3/D)(1-F/Fmax)• MPL= 3(AL)

– H: Lokasi horizontal tangan asal mengangkat diukur dari titik tengah tubuh antara kedua tumit (Inch). Nilai minimum 6”

– V: Lokasi vertikal tangan mulai mengangkat diukur dari lantai

– D: Jarak mengangkat dari awal mengangkat sampai akhir/tujuan mengangkat (Inch). Nilai minimum 10”

– F= Frekuensi mengangkat per menit– Fmax: Frekuensi maksimum

Page 7: Lifting Equation

Penerapan dalam Kasus

Page 8: Lifting Equation

• Seorang pekerja melakukan pekerjaan mengangkat dan memindahkan kotak dengan frekuensi 0,2 kali/menit. Jarak horizontal (H) 18 inchi, jarak vertikal 24 inchi dan jarak destinasi 61 inchi. Berat kotak 12 lbs (lihat ilustrasi). Pekerjaan ini dilakukan > 1 jam tapi < 2 jam/ hari

• Apakah pekerjaan ini aman secara ergonomi?

Page 9: Lifting Equation

Horisontal

Vertical

H

V

Horisontal

Vertical

D

Diketahui:H = 45 cm = 17,71 inch = 18 inchV = 60 cm = 23,62 inch = 24 inchD = 154 cm = 60,6 inch = 61 inch

F = 0,2 x/menitDurasi = 1,5 jamBerat = 12 lbs

Page 10: Lifting Equation

• Rerata frekuensi mengangkat 0,2 kali/menit dengan lama waktu angkat > 1 jam namun kurang dari 2 jam. Note: menurut tabel Fmax =12 (hal 127 dari Guide 1981).

• AL (lb) = 90(6/H)(1-.01|V-30|)(.7+3/D)(1-F/Fmax) • H Factor = (6/18) = 0 .33 • V Factor = (1-.01|V-30|) = (1-.01|24-30|) = 0.94 • D Factor = (.7+3/D) = (.7+3/61) = .75 • F Factor = (1-F/Fmax) = (1-.2/12) = .983 • AL = 90(.33)(.94)(.75)(.983) = 20,58 lbs • MPL = 3(AL) = 3(20,58) = 61,75 lbs

Page 11: Lifting Equation

• Kesimpulan: • AW = 12 lbs• AL = 20,58 lbs• AW < AL task ini bisa diterima oleh sebagian

besar pekerja tanpa menimbulkan LBP

Page 12: Lifting Equation

Application Manual for the

REVISED NIOSH LIFTING EQUATION

U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesPublic Health ServiceCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

January 1994

Thomas R. Waters, Ph.D.Vern Putz-Anderson, Ph.D.Arun Garg, Ph.D

Page 13: Lifting Equation

NIOSH Work Practices Guide (WPG) for Manual Lifting berlaku Maret

1981-Juli 1993 (NIOSH Equation 1981)

Revisi dilakukan tahun 1991 dan dipublikasi Juli 1993 (Revised NIOSH

Lifting Equation)

Pada revisi disediakan evaluasi terhadap gerakan asimetris, hand

container coupling, work duration-lifting frequency

REVISED NIOSH LIFTING EQUATION

Page 14: Lifting Equation

Definition of Terms

RWL (Recommended Weight Limit)Kondisi task dalam berat yang diperbolehkan untuk diangkat sebagian besar pekerja sehat dalam suatu periode waktu tertentu tanpa ada peningkatan resiko LBP yang berhubungan dengan lifting/lowering.

LI (Lifting Index)Perkiraan relatif tentang tingkat stres fisik yang berhubungan dengan manual lifting task

Kriteria :LI ≤ 1,0 (Low Risk Of LBP); LI > 1 (Moderately Stressful Task); LI > 3 (Highly Stressful Task)

Page 15: Lifting Equation

RECOMMENDED WEIGHT LIMIT (RWL)

• Recomendasi NIOSH• RWL= berat beban yang masih aman untuk

dikerjakan pada waktu tertentu tanpa menimbulkan risiko gangguan sakit pinggang (LBP) (Water & Anderson 1996b)

• 6 variabel : Horizonta Load (H); Vertical Load (V), Destination (D), Angle of Asymetric (A), Frequency of Lifting (F), Coupling Classification ( C )

Page 16: Lifting Equation
Page 17: Lifting Equation
Page 18: Lifting Equation

Rumus RWL untuk Berat (Kg), Jarak (cm)

RWL = LC X HM X VM X DM X AM X FM X CM

LC = LOAD CONSTANT =23 KgHM=HORIZONTAL MULTIPLIER = 25/HVM= Vertical Multiplier = (1 – 0,003 I(V-75)I )DM = Distance Multiplier = (0,82 + 4.5/ D )AM = Asymetric Multiplier = (1 – 0.0032A)FM = Frequency Multiplier (tabel 1)CM – Coupling Multiplier (tabel 2)

LC untuk org indonesia L= 21 kg (42 lbs) ; P = 20 kg (40 lbs)

Page 19: Lifting Equation

Untuk Berat (lbs), dan jarak dalam inchi

HM = 10/H

VM = 1-(0,0075 |V-30|)

DM = 0,82+(1,8/D)

Page 20: Lifting Equation

Tabel 1 Frequency MuliplierFreq. lift/min (F)

Lama Kerja Mengangkat

≤ 1 jam > 1 jam dan ≤ > 2 jam ≤ 8 jam

V < 75cm V ≥ 75cm V < 75cm V ≥ 75 V < 75 V ≥ 75

≥ 0,2 1,00 1,00 0,95 0,95 0,85 0,85

0,5 0,97 0,97 0,92 0,92 0,81 0,81

1 0,94 0,94 0,88 0,88 0,75 0,75

2 0,91 0,91 0,84 0,84 0,65 0,65

3 0,88 0,88 0,79 0,79 0,55 0,55

4 0,84 0,84 0,72 0,72 0,45 0,45

5 0,80 0,80 0,60 0,60 0,35 0,35

6 0,75 0,75 0,50 0,50 0,27 0,27

7 0,70 0,70 0,42 0,42 0,22 0,22`

8 0,60 0,60 0,35 0,35 0,18 0,18

Page 21: Lifting Equation

lanjutanFreq. lift/minute (F)*

Lama Kerja Mengangkat

≤ 1 jam > 1 jam dan ≤ 2 jam > 2 jam ≤ 8 jam

**V < 75 V ≥ 75 V < 75 V ≥ 75 V < 75 V ≥ 75

9 0,52 0,52 0,26 0,26 0,00 0,15

10 0,45 0,45 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,13

11 0,41 0,41 0,00 0,21 0,00 0,00

12 0,37 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

13 0,00 0,34 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

14 0,00 0,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

15 0,00 0,28 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

>15 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00*untuk frekuensi angkatan < 1 kali/5 menit , F= 0,2 lift/min

** dalam cm , diukur dari permukaan lantai

Page 22: Lifting Equation

Table 5: Frequency Multiplier Table (FM) =============================================================== Work Duration ------------------------------------------------- Frequency <= 1 Hour >1 but <=2 Hours >2 but <=8 Hours Lifts/min ------------- ---------------- ---------------- (F): V<30+ V>=30 V<30 V>=30 V<30 V>=30 --------- ----- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- <=0.2 1.00 1.00 .95 .95 .85 .85 0.5 .97 .97 .92 .92 .81 .81 1 .94 .94 .88 .88 .75 .75 2 .91 .91 .84 .84 .65 .65 3 .88 .88 .79 .79 .55 .55 4 .84 .84 .72 .72 .45 .45 5 .80 .80 .60 .60 .35 .35 6 .75 .75 .50 .50 .27 .27 7 .70 .70 .42 .42 .22 .22 8 .60 .60 .35 .35 .18 .18 9 .52 .52 .30 .30 .00 .15 10 .45 .45 .26 .26 .00 .13 11 .41 .41 .00 .23 .00 .00 12 .37 .37 .00 .21 .00 .00 13 .00 .34 .00 .00 .00 .00 14 .00 .31 .00 .00 .00 .00 15 .00 .28 .00 .00 .00 .00 >15 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 + Values of V are in inches : For lifting less frequently than once per 5 minutes, set F = 0.2 lifts/minute. ===============================================================

Page 23: Lifting Equation

Tabel 2. Couplig Multiplier

Tipe coupling Cm

V < 75 cm (30 inch) V ≥ 75 cm(30 inch)

Baik (Good) 1,00 1,00

Sedang (Fair) 0,95 1,00

Jelek (Poor) 0,90 0,90

Page 24: Lifting Equation

LIFTING INDEX (LI)

• ESTIMASI SEDERHANA THD RISIKO CEDERA YANG DIAKIBATKAN OLEH OVER EXERTION.

• BERDASARKAN BERAT BEBAN DAN NILAI RWL LI DPT DITENTUKAN SBB

• LI = BB / RWL ≤ 3,0• KRITERIA : LI ≤ 1,0 (LOW RISK OF LBP); LI > 1 (MODERATELY STRESSFUL TASK); LI > 3 (HIGHLY STRESSFUL TASK)

Page 25: Lifting Equation

Penerapan dalam Kasus

Page 26: Lifting Equation

Step 1. Measure and Record of Variables

Page 27: Lifting Equation

Vertical

V

Object Weight

Hand Location VerticalDistance

(D)

Asimetric Angle Frequency Rate

Duration

Object Coupling ©

Origin Destination

Original

Destination

L (lbs)

L (max)

H V H V37

A A Lift/min (HRS) Fair

12 12 18 24 24 61 1 1 12 <1

H

By. Reny Indrayani (101042010)

Horisontal

Vertical

V

H

Page 28: Lifting Equation

By. Reny Indrayani (101042010)

Coupling Type V < 30 inch V ≥ 30 inch

Good 1,00 1,00

Fair 0,95 1,00

Poor 0,90 0,90

Object Weight

Hand Location VerticalDistance

(D)

Asimetric Angle Frequency Rate

Duration

Object Coupling ©

Origin Destination

Original

Destination

L (lbs)

L (max)

H V H V

37

A A Lift/min (HRS) Fair

12 12 18 24 24 61 1 1 12 <1 0,95 1,00

Coupling Type

Page 29: Lifting Equation

Table 5: Frequency Multiplier Table (FM) =============================================================== Work Duration ------------------------------------------------- Frequency <= 1 Hour >1 but <=2 Hours >2 but <=8 Hours Lifts/min ------------- ---------------- ---------------- (F): V<30+ V>=30 V<30 V>=30 V<30 V>=30 --------- ----- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- <=0.2 1.00 1.00 .95 .95 .85 .85 0.5 .97 .97 .92 .92 .81 .81 1 .94 .94 .88 .88 .75 .75 2 .91 .91 .84 .84 .65 .65 3 .88 .88 .79 .79 .55 .55 4 .84 .84 .72 .72 .45 .45 5 .80 .80 .60 .60 .35 .35 6 .75 .75 .50 .50 .27 .27 7 .70 .70 .42 .42 .22 .22 8 .60 .60 .35 .35 .18 .18 9 .52 .52 .30 .30 .00 .15 10 .45 .45 .26 .26 .00 .13 11 .41 .41 .00 .23 .00 .00 12 .37 .37 .00 .21 .00 .00 13 .00 .34 .00 .00 .00 .00 14 .00 .31 .00 .00 .00 .00 15 .00 .28 .00 .00 .00 .00 >15 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 + Values of V are in inches : For lifting less frequently than once per 5 minutes, set F = 0.2 lifts/minute. ===============================================================

Page 30: Lifting Equation

STEP 2. DETERMINE THE MULTIPLIERS

LC = 42 lbs (pekerja laki-laki, indonesia)

HM = 10/18 = 0,56

VM = 1-(0,0075 |V-30|) = 1-(0,0075 |24-30|) = 0,96

DM = 0,82+(1,8/D) = 0,82+(1,8/37) = 0,87

AM = 1

FM = 0,37

CM = 0,95

LC = 42 lbs

HM = 10/24 = 0,42

VM = 1-(0,0075 |V-30|) = 1-(0,0075 |61-30|) = 0,77

DM = 0,82+(1,8/D) = 0,82+(1,8/37) = 0,87

AM = 1

FM = 0,37

CM = 1,00

Origin Destination

Page 31: Lifting Equation

Origin Destination

Step 3. Determine the RWL’s

RWL = LC . HM . VM . DM . AM . FM . CM= 42 . 0,56 . 0,96 . 0,87 . 1 . 0,37 . 0,95= 6,90 lbs

RWL = LC . HM . VM . DM . AM . FM . CM= 42 . 0,42 . 0,77 . 0,87 . 1 . 0,37 . 1,00= 4,37 lbs

RWL origin = 6,90 lbs RWL destin = 4,37 lbs

Page 32: Lifting Equation

Origin Destination

Step 4. Determine the Lifting Index

LI = Object Weight / RWL= 12/6,90= 1,74

LI origin = 1,74 LI destin = 2,74

LI = Object Weight / RWL= 12/4,37= 2,74

Page 33: Lifting Equation

STEP 5. COMPARE WITH THE CRITERIA

Kriteria :

LI ≤ 1,0 (Low Risk Of LBP);

LI > 1 (Moderately Stressful Task);

LI > 3 (Highly Stressful Task)

LI Origin = 1,74

LI Destination = 2,64 LI > 1 (Moderately Stressful Task)

Kesimpulan :

Pekerjaan tersebut tergolong berisiko sedang untuk

menimbulkan MSDs (LBP)

Page 34: Lifting Equation

Step 6. Recommendation

Variabel Rekomendasi

H, A, Duration -

VMemperendah V destination : dengan tidak menumpuk box terlalu tinggi sehingga ketinggian V des berada di bawah bahu rata-rata pekerja (cukup hingga 5 tumpuk box saja = 50 inch)

Distance Memperkecil selisih antara V ori dengan V des

FMengurangi jumlah angkatan per menit. F=12/menit dikurangi maksimal F=8/menit

C 1 box dalam 1 kali angkat, sehingga pegangan lebih mantap

Kompensasi : waktu penyelesaian pemindahan box menjadi lebih lama (yakni dari 16,67 menit 33,34 menit)

Page 35: Lifting Equation

Penerapan Rekomendasi

Page 36: Lifting Equation

STEP 2. DETERMINE THE MULTIPLIERS

LC = 42 lbs

HM = 10/18 = 0,56

VM = 1-(0,0075 |V-30|) = 1-(0,0075 |24-30|) = 0,96

DM = 0,82+(1,8/D) = 0,82+(1,8/26) = 0,89

AM = 1

FM = 0,60

CM = 1,00

LC = 42 lbs

HM = 10/24 = 0,42

VM = 1-(0,0075 |V-30|) = 1-(0,0075 |50-30|) =

0,85

DM = 0,82+(1,8/D) = 0,82+(1,8/26) = 0,89

AM = 1

FM = 0,60

CM = 1,00

Origin Destination

Page 37: Lifting Equation

Origin Destination

Step 3. Determine the RWL’s

RWL = LC . HM . VM . DM . AM . FM . CM= 42 . 0,56 . 0,96 . 0,89 . 1 . 0,60 . 1,00= 12,06 lbs

RWL = LC . HM . VM . DM . AM . FM . CM= 42 . 0,42 . 0,85 . 0,89 . 1 . 0,60 . 1,00= 8,01 lbs

RWL origin = 12,06 lbs RWL destin = 8,01 lbs

RWL origin = 6,90 lbs RWL destin = 4,37 lbs

Page 38: Lifting Equation

Origin Destination

Step 4. Determine the Lifting Index

LI = Object Weight / RWL= 6/12,06= 0,5

LI origin = 0,5(Low Risk Of LBP)

LI destin = 0,75(Low Risk Of LBP)

LI = Object Weight / RWL= 6/8,01= 0,75

LI origin = 1,74 LI destin = 2,74

Page 39: Lifting Equation

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