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Lighting
Instructor : Eng. Wael Younis
Some Technical Expressions
Luminous Flux (Ф) ( الفيض الضوئي)
هو كمية الشعاع الضوئي المنبعث من المصدر الضوئي في Lumen (Lm) بوحدة اليومين الثانية الواحدة
Luminous Efficiency (η) ( الكفاية الضوئية)
هي النسبة بين الفيض الضوئي للمصدر الضوئي وقدرته الكهربائية
( / )Lm WPφη =
Some Technical Expressions
Illuminance Flux (E) ( االستضاءة)
هي الفيض الضوئي الساقط عموديا على وحدة المساحات (Lm/m2) وتساوي Luxووحدتها
2( / )E Lm m LuxAφ
= ⇒
: m2 ( A( مساحة السطح العمودي على األشعة الضوئية
Some Technical Expressions
General Color rendering Index ( دليل ثبات األلوان)
استطاعة المصدر الضوئي على المحافظة على ألوان االجسام ويكون دليل ثبات األلوان لمصدر اضاءة صناعي , بدون تغير
عندما يوجد تطابق بين لون االجسام الظاهرة تحت ضوء 100هذا المصدر الصناعي مع لون االجسام الظاهرة تحت الضوء
) . الشمس ( الطبيعي
دل على أنه يوجد تغير كبير في 100كلما قل هذا المعامل عن . ألوان األجسام
Good Lighting Conditions In Buildings
. أن تكون االضاءة متجانسة داخل الغرفة الواحدة
Illuminanceأن تكون االستضاءة المتوسطة Flux داخل الغرفة مطابقة لالستضاءة Luxبوحدة
.المطلوبة حسب طبيعة استخدام الغرفة ينصح بعدم استخدام مصابيح بدون وحدات انارة
Luminaries عند نصوع لتجنب اجهاد العين لوجود . سطح المصباح
Required Illuminance for Different Places
Required Illuminance for Different Places
Incandescent Lamps
Fluorescent Lamps
Industrial Lighting Sourses
A. Filament Lamps
B. Gas Discharge Lamps
High Pressure Mercury Lamps (HPM)High Pressure Sodium Lamps (HPS)
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps (LPS)Metal Halide Lamps
Blend Light Lamps
Incandescent Lamps
Industrial Lighting Sourses
1. Outline of Glass bulb 2. Low pressure inert gas
(argon, neon, nitrogen) 3. Tungsten filament 4. Contact wire (goes out of
stem) 5. Contact wire (goes into stem) 6. Support wires 7. Stem (glass mount) 8. Contact wire (goes out of
stem) 9. Cap (sleeve) 10. Insulation 11.Electrical contact
Incandescent Lamps
Industrial Lighting Sourses
Luminous Efficiency (η) = 10-15 Lm/W
Life Time = 1000 Hr
General Color rendering Index = 100
Fluorescent Lamps
Industrial Lighting Sourses
A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light.
A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch
Industrial Lighting Sourses
A: Fluorescent tube, B: Power (+220 volts), C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor, F: Filaments, G: Ballast
A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch
Industrial Lighting Sourses
C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor,
A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch
Industrial Lighting Sourses
F: Filaments,
A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch
Industrial Lighting Sourses
G: Ballast
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CLF)
Industrial Lighting Sourses
A type of fluorescent lamp
Energy saving light
Many CFLs are designed to replace an incandescent lamp
British Zonal Method (BZ)
Lighting Calculations
Desk or Bench Height
0.85 m
Mounting Height of Fitting (fromworking plane)
Hm (m)
Room Length W (m)
Suspension Height fromCeiling
Hs(m)
Room Width L (m)
Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85
British Zonal Method (BZ)
Room Index
The room index is a number that describes the ratios of the rooms length, width and height.
( )LWKr
Hm L W=
+
Where :L = Room LengthW = Room WidthHm = Mounting Height of Fitting (from working plane)Work Plane = Desk or Bench Height
British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor
Reflection factor depends on :
Ceiling reflection factor ρc
Wall reflection factor ρw
Flour reflection factor ρf
British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to color
British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to material
British Zonal Method (BZ):للتسهيل يمكم تقسيم األلوان إلى ثالث درجات وهي
, صخري فاتح , برتقالي فاتح , أصفر , آريمي (ألوان فاتحة )أبيض
Reflection Factor =0.5
, أخضر فاتح , أخضر فاتح , وردي , رمادي (ألوان متوسطة )صخري
Reflection Factor =0.3 )أزرق , أخضر داآن, أحمر , بني , رمادي داآن (ألوان داآنة
Reflection Factor =0.1
British Zonal Method (BZ)Depreciation Factor: (ρw = 0.3)
British Zonal Method (BZ)S/Hm factor: The ratio of spacing between the lighting units toHeight of the unit from the work plane.
S/Hm =1.2 82%This means that for every 1 meter of mounting height (above work plane) we should have a maximum 1.2 meters between fittings.
Andmin
max
100 82EE
× =
British Zonal Method (BZ)Red. factor: Depends on the power of the lamps on the unit
Ex. Red. Factor
2x40W=1.02x62W=0.92
British Zonal Method (BZ)Utilization factor (Uf):
This is a value between 0 and 1 that represents thepercentage of total lamp lumens in the room that fall onthe work plane.
It depends on :Reflection factorRoom idexLighting unit type.
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (F type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (D type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (S type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (DD type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (E type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (G type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (H type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units
British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85Height from the work plane (m)
HsSuspension Height (m)
HtTotal Height (m)
ARoom Area (m2)
LRoom Length (m)
WRoom Width (m)
Project
British Zonal Method (BZ)
Lighting Calculations
Desk or Bench Height
0.85 m
Mounting Height of Fitting (fromworking plane)
Hm (m)
Room Length W (m)
Suspension Height fromCeiling
Hs(m)
Room Width L (m)
Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
UfUtilization Factor
nLamp number in the unit
ρfFlour Reflection Factor
ρwWall Reflection Factor
ρcCeiling Reflection Factor
Room Index
( )rm
LWKH L W
=+
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Longitudinal Lighting Unit Number
Number of calculated Lighting Units
ERequired Illuminance Flux (Lux)
ФLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)
KRed. FactorFDepreciation Factor
f
EAFNnU Kφ
=
LLNNW
=
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Calculated Illuminance Flux (Lux)
Calculated S/Hm Ratio
Cross Lighting Unit NumberL
WNNW
=
/ mm
S A HH N
=
.f
eN nU KE
A Fφ
=
British Zonal Method (BZ)Applications: Lighting of Drawing office
أبيض : السقفبلوط فاتح: الحوائط
بالط داآن نظيف : األرضية General Lighting Unit (C type) , Fluorescent2x40W
British Zonal Method (BZ)Applications: Lighting of Drawing office
Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85
Hs
Ht
A
L
W
Drawing office
2.15mHeight from the work plane (m)
0Suspension Height (m)
3.5mTotal Height (m)
50m2Room Area (m2)
10mRoom Length (m)
5mRoom Width (m)
Project
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Uf (table 1-13)
n
Ρf (table 1-7)
Ρw ( table 1-7)
Ρc (table 1-6)
Utilization Factor
Lamp number in the unit
Flour Reflection Factor
Wall Reflection Factor
0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor
1.55Room Index
( )rm
LWKH L W
=+
British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to color
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Uf (table 1-13)
n
Ρf (table 1-7)
Ρw ( table 1-7)
Ρc (table 1-6)
Utilization Factor
Lamp number in the unit
0.2Flour Reflection Factor
0.3Wall Reflection Factor
0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor
1.55Room Index
( )rm
LWKH L W
=+
British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to material
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Uf (table 1-13)
n
Ρf (table 1-7)
Ρw ( table 1-7)
Ρc (table 1-6)
0.47Utilization Factor
2Lamp number in the unit
0.2Flour Reflection Factor
0.3Wall Reflection Factor
0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor
1.55Room Index
( )rm
LWKH L W
=+
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Power and Type of Lamp
E ( table 1-23)
Ф(table 1-17)
K (table 1-13)
F (table 1-8)
Number of calculated Lighting Units
Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)
Lamp Luminous Flux (Lm)
Red. Factor
1.33Depreciation Factor
f
EAFNnU Kφ
=
British Zonal Method (BZ)Depreciation Factor: (ρw = 0.3)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Power and Type of Lamp
E ( table 1-23)
Ф (table 1-17)
K (table 1-13)
F (table 1-8)
Number of calculated Lighting Units
Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)
Lamp Luminous Flux (Lm)
1Red. Factor
1.33Depreciation Factor
f
EAFNnU Kφ
=
British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Fluorescent40W
Power and Type of Lamp
E ( table 1-23)
Ф (table 1-17)
K (table 1-13)
F (table 1-8)
Number of calculated Lighting Units
Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)
3000LmLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)
1Red. Factor
1.33Depreciation Factor
f
EAFNnU Kφ
=
British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
Fluorescent40W
Power and Type of Lamp
E ( table 1-23)
Ф (table 1-17)
K (table 1-13)
F (table 1-8)
11.8 12Number of calculated Lighting Units
500LuxRequired Illuminance Flux (Lux)
3000LmLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)
1Red. Factor
1.33Depreciation Factor
f
EAFNnU Kφ
=
Required Illuminance for Different Places
British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet
4.89 6Longitudinal Lighting
Unit Number
E2=448 luxCalculated Illuminance
Flux (Lux)
0.59Calculated S/Hm Ratio
2.4 2Cross Lighting Unit
Number LWNNW
=
/ mm
S A HH N
=
.f
eN nU KE
A Fφ
=
LLNNW
=