lingua inglese 1 - lesson 1
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Lingua e traduzione
Lingua Inglese IIntroduction to English morphology,
vocabulary and syntax: English words in use
and in combination
Elisa Ghia
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Outline of the course
1. Introduction: The structure of English andlevelsoflanguage(the rank scale)
2. Morphology: The formof English words:Inflection, derivationand compounding;Processes of word formation
3. Vocabulary: English words; vocabulary acrossdifferent English varieties; prototypicality;semanticrelationsbetween words
4. Syntax: phrases, clauses, sentences
5. Elements of spoken English
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Topics
Theory and practice
Topics explored in class (and in readings):
Notions in English morphology, vocabulary
and syntax
Analysis of language in context: Identifying
morphological and syntactic phenomena and
exploring vocabulary and meaning relations in
English texts
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Outline of todaysclass
Introduction: Levels of language
Overview of English phonetics and phonology
Why study English phonetics and phonology
English phonetics: What it can tell us aboutspeakers
Introductory notions in English phonetics, usefulfor morphology and the study of English
varieties Exploiting phonetics and phonology in English
texts
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What it means to study the English language
Using the language
Learning and knowing how the language works(metalinguistic knowledge)
Developing language awareness (how languageworks in context) to improve language use
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Language in context
CULTURE
CONTEXT
LANGUAGE
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Phonetics and phonology The sounds of English
Morphology
How English words are constructed Syntax How English words are combined into phrases,
clauses, sentences
Semantics Words, sentences and meaning Pragmatics
Words, sentences and use in context
Levels of language
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Phonetics and phonology
sheep [shi:p] vs. ship [ship]
Morphology
dogs, hopeless, wireless Syntax
Meet me | in my office | at 10.
Semantics pet, dog, Alsatian
Pragmatics
Could I have a drink? / Get me some booze!
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TEXT / DISCOURSE
SENTENCE
CLAUSEPHRASE
WORDSMORPHEMES
GRAPHEMES / PHONEMES
The rank scale
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology/p
honetics
Meaning
Semantics
Text analysis
/ Pragmatics
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
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Levels of language, use of English and what
they can tell us about a text
Word form (morphology) and what it can tell
us about specific use of English
Vocabulary selection and what it can tell us
about specific use of English
Syntactic patterns and complexity and what
they can tell us about specific use of English
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Phonetics, phonology and the sounds of English
An overview
Phonetics: The study of spoken sounds in a language
Phonology: The study of the way in which sounds arecombined in a language to make meaning
Why study phonetics and phonology?
To improve your pronunciation
To help you study accents and pronunciation To study and understand changes in pronunciation in
the history of English
To help you understand changes in pronunciation
across contexts (e.g. formal and informalcommunication, spontaneous conversation vs. lecturesor speech on radio and television)
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TEXT / DISCOURSE
SENTENCE
CLAUSEPHRASE
WORDSMORPHEMES
GRAPHEMES / PHONEMES
The rank scale
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology/p
honetics
Meaning
Semantics
Text analysis
/ Pragmatics
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Phonology
Abstraction
Segments (phonemes) and suprasegments
(syllables, stress, intonation)
Phonemes and distinctiveness
Minimal pairs
bet/bat; bet/bed
[bet][bt]; [bet][bed]
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Phonetics
Concretephonetic realizations across
different speakers and English varieties
The notion of standard pronunciation
Received Pronunciation (RP) and GeneralAmerican (GA)
Standard English
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Gramley & Ptzold 2004
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Gramley & Ptzold 2004
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What is the most common vowel sound in English?
Bill Bryson, The Mother Tongue
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English and ghoti (G. B. Shaw)
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What pronunciation can tell us about speakers
Accents and varieties of English:
Changes in pronunciation across contexts:(My Fair Lady)
Eliza Doolittle: I ain't done nothin' wrong by speaking to the
gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers if I keep off the kerb. I'm a
respectable girl: so help me, I never spoke to him 'cept so far as to
buy a flower off me.
[] I ain't dirty! I washed my face and hands before I come, I did.
A little dab'll do ya. (Brylcreem)
Betcha can't eat just one.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/my%20fair%20lady%20accent.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/my%20fair%20lady%20accent.mp3 -
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Changes in pronunciation across contexts:
Geographicalcontext (varieties of English)
Social context (social status, standard vs. non-standard English)
Situational context (levels of formality and
colloquialness)
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Phonotactics and pronunciation of segments incontext
Differences in segments
A case study: British and American English Example 1.a
Example 1.b
Example 2.a
Example 2.b Example 3.a
Example 3.b
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase1%20-%20Honour%20among%20thieves%20-%20AmE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase%202-%20BrE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%201.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/newspaper.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%202.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%201.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%201.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Chattering%20classes%201.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase%202-%20BrE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase%202-%20BrE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase%202-%20BrE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase1%20-%20Honour%20among%20thieves%20-%20AmE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase1%20-%20Honour%20among%20thieves%20-%20AmE.mp3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/File%20audio/Phrase1%20-%20Honour%20among%20thieves%20-%20AmE.mp3 -
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Phonotactics and pronunciation of segments in
context
Differences in segments
A case study: British and American English
Rhoticity (actor, founder)
Intervocalic /t/ (city, water, better)
Post-nasal /t/ (nt) (intervocalic, interaction)
[d], [t], [n] + [j]
(dude, tube, news)
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Phonetics, phonology and advertising
in English
Guinness is good for you
Electrolux brings luxury to life
Milk's gotta lotta bottle
Sound repetition and
sound patterns
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Homophony
Playing withsounds
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Explain the following sound-based puns
Teacher: Tell me something thatconducts electricity.
Student: Why, er...
Teacher: Yes, wire! Now name aunit of electrical power.
Student: A what?
Teacher: Yes, a watt! Very good.
Alexander the Grate
(fireplace retailer in Belfast, Northern
Ireland)
A: My wife's gone to the West Indies!
B: Jamaica?
A: No, she went of her own accord!
[dmek]
What is black and white and redall over?
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Are the following homophones in English?
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