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1. LINUX 81.1. 81.2. Linux 81.3. Linux? 7 /1.4. Linux- 121.5. 151.6. 18

1.6.1. 181.6.2. 201.6.3. 21

1.7. ? ( ) 221.7.1. : / 221.7.2. 251.7.3. TCP/IP 321.7.4. DNS 351.7.5. TCP/IP 3S1.7.6. 401.7.7. IP TCP 41

1.8. 421.9. Linux 431.10. ; 46

2. 482.1. Red Hat Linux , 482.2. Linux Mandrake 592.3. Linux Intel 810 642.4. 65

2.4.1. Windows 9x Linux 652.4.2. Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000 Linux 662.4.3. /oadlin 67

2.5. 692.6. 69

2.6./. : 702.6.2. 712.6.3. gnorpm, kpackage, apt 742.6.4. , 78

2.7. 78

3. 803.1. 80

3.1.1. 813.2. 8/3.3. 813.4. 833.5. 843.6. 86

3.6.1. 893.6.2. 973.6.3. linuxconf 97

3.7. 92

4. Linux 944.7. . 944.2. 96

4.2.7. 964.2.2. , 98

4.3. 994.4. Linux 707

4.5. 1024.6. . 1024.7. fdisk 1074.8. Disk Drake 1094.9. . /etc/fstab 1094.10. () 1134.11. LILO 1154.12. 1194.13. 1244.14. 7254.15. 125

4.15.1. SCSI 1264.15.2. FDC 1264.15.3. 126

4.16. 1284.17. cpio 1294.18. 1314.19. RAID 1324.20. Linux 135

5. 1375.1. fork() () 137

5.1.1. 1395.2. / 7405.3. 5.4. 7445.5. . init 7465.6. '. 7495.7. () 7535.8. 753

5.8.1. Syslogd 7545.8.2. , 7555.5.3. 7555.8.4. 7575.5.5. klogd 7585.8.6. 758

6. Linux 1596.1. 7596.2. X Windows 7596.3. 760

7. 1617.1. . 7677.2. 7647.3. '. 765

7.3.7. 7687.3.2. - - 7 7 7

7.4. DSL- 7727.4.1. DSL Linux Mandrake , 7737.4.2. DSL 774

7.5. /777.6. 787

8. 1848.1. inetd xinetd 784

8.7.7. inetd 7848.1.2. tcpd 7868.7.3. IPv6 7878.7.4. xinetd 7878.7.5. xinetd /898.7.6. xinetd 79/8./.7. /etc/xinetd 792

8.2. : ssh.n telnet /958.3. 2028.4. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 2038.5. . MRTG 2088.6. (NFS) 2/7

S.6./. NFS 2778.6.2. NFS 2/8

8.7. ht:/Dig 2198.8. - Socks5 220

8.8.;. 2208.8.2. SocksS 2238.8.3. SocksS (licq) 223

8.9. 2258.9.?. LIDS? 2258.9.2. LIDS 2268.9.3. 2288.9.4. 23/8.9.5. LIDS 234

9. Server Message Block (SMB) 2369.1. Samba 2369.2. 2389.3. SMB- Linux : 2479.4. Linux Windows- 2439.5. Windows- , Linux 2449.6. smb.conf 2469.7. SWAT 247

10. DNS 25110.1. DNS 25270.2. DNS 25770.3. DNS 25970.4. DNS 25970.5. nslookup 260

11. FTP 2637 7 . 7 . FTP wu-ftpd 264

11.1.1. ftpaccess 26577.7.2. ftphosts 26977.7.3. ftpusers 2697 7 . 7 . 4 . ftpgroups 27077.7.5. ftpconversions 27077.7.6. xferlog 270

77.2. ProFTP 27777.2.7. /etc/proftpd.conf 27277.2.2. 27477.2.3. .ftpaccess 275

77.3. FTP- 2757 7 . 4 . 27677.5. FTP 277

12. Apache 27972.7. Apache 27972.2. 287

72.2.7. httpd.conf 2S772.2.2. Apache netconf 290

72.3. 29772.4. HTTP- 297

72.4.7. 29272.4.2. IP- 293

72.5. SSL Apache 29472.5. /. SSL 29412.5.2. SSL Apache 29572.5.3. 296

72.6. httpd.conf 29772.7. 3 7 7

13. 37573.7. sendmail 37673.2. sendmail 32273.3. 32573.4. 32773.5. 330

14. 33374.7. IPChains 33374.2. IPChains 334

14.3. 33714.3.1. SYN 33714.3.2. 33774.3.3. 33S14.3.4. /- 33814.3.5. 339

14.4. 33914.5. IPTables 345

15. - SQUID 34715.1. SQUID? 34715.2. SQUID 34775.3. SQUID 34875.4. SQUID 34975.5. squid,conf 350

75.5.1. 35015.5.2. 35075.5.3. 35775.5.4. 35775.5.5. 35775.5.6. ACL 35275.5.7. 35315.5.8. 353

75.6. . 35475.7. 35475.8. 35575.9. 356

16. MySQL 35S76.1. 35816.2. 36776.3. Apache + PHP + MySQL 362

76.3.7. : RPM 36276.3.2. : 365

17. . 3677 7 . 7 . 367

17.1.1. 36777.7.2. 36877.7.3. IpChains 36877.7.4. DNS 36917.1.5. Squid 377

77.2. Dial-In 37277.2.7. 37277.2.2. mgetty 37377.2.3. 37577.2.4. IP Forwarding 37677.2.5. 37677.2.6. - 37777.2.7. Windows- 37777.2.8. 378

77.3. 37877.3.7. callback? 37877.3.2. . 1 37977.3.3. . 2 38777.3.4. . 1 38377.3.5. . 2 385

18. 38678.7. 386

7 8 . 7 . 7 . 38778.7.2. RAMDISK 38778.7.3. 38878.7.4. 388

78.2. 3898.2.7. Processor type and features 39078.2.2. Loadable module support 39378.2.3. General setup 39378.2.4. PnP support 395

18.2.5. Block devices ; 39518.2.6. Networking options 396/8.2.7. SCSI support 39778.2.8. Network device support 397/8.2.9. IrDA, USB support 39718.2.10. Filesystems 39718.2.11. Sound 397

/8.3. 397 19. . RPM- 399

19.1. 39919.2. 407/9.3. 41219.4. 41919.5. RPM- 428/9.6. vi 432/9.7. bash 434

19.7.1. 43519.7.2. / 436/9.7.3. 436/9.7.4. 438/9.7.5. 44/19.7.6. 44//9.7.7. 447/9.7.8. 447/9.7.9. 449

20. . X Window 45020.1. 45/20.2. XF86Config 45520.3. X Window 45920.4. Windows 46/20.5. 46220.6. GNOME 46920.7. X- 474

21. Linux 4SO21.1. 4802/.2. 4822/.3. nVidia 4832/.4. Windows- wine 4872/.5. wine 4S82/.6. 4922/.7. 494

2/. 7. /. 49421.7.2. 4962/.7.3. 50/

22. 50222.1. 502

22.1.1. DrWeb Linux 50322.1.2. AVP Linux 505

22.2. 5/0 23. 5)5

23./. SATAN ; 5/523.2. 5/923.3. 52/

24. 523 525

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160,000,000 y140,000,000 -120,000,000 -100,000,000 -

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45

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47

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48

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52

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56

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XFree86 (X Window) X Window UNIX-

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The boot manager Red Hat uses can boot other operatingsystems as well, You need to tell me what partitions youwould like to be able to boot and what label you want touse For each:6F themi' - : : : v : : / ' '

COS 16-bit >=32Linux native

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http, ftp, mail .. -

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Linux h t n drake" , -

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2.3. Linux Intel 810 , Intel 810,

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fixboot fixmbr Windows 2000 (MBR). fixmbr fdisk /mbr Windows .

66

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,

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loadlin , - Windows MBR ( LILO), Linux . loadlin ( . 2.8):

67

loadlin Hflporoot=KopHeBan_OC

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.

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68

2.5. , , .

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2.6. Linux -

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76

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77

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78

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now. , , /etc/inittab.

79

3

3.1. Linux . -

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X Windows X Window X Window

80

,

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3.1.1. login Linux-.

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3.3. Linux - :

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root , . ,

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81

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(password) . (full name)

() , , Ivan Ivanov. 82

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(login shell,) , . - () . : ash, bash, csh, fcsh, ksh.

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83

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linuxconf. - linuxconf , : , .

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usermod. : ( ) linuxconf. , , linuxconf ( userconf Linux Mandrake). , UserAccounts ( userconf, ). UserAccount Configurator Normal (. . 3.1) User Accounts (. . 3.2), Add.

84

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85

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, UNIX. - , . -

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quota (. ) - . , ,

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87

[root@dhsilabs /root]** quotacheck -avugScanning /dev/hda5 1/1 doneChecked 6730 directories and 109842 filesUsing quotafile /quota.userUpdating in-core user quotasJsing quotafile /quota.groupUpdating in-core group quotasScanning /dev/hda8 C/mnt/ext2] doneChecked 7 directories and 11 filesUsing quotafile /mnt/ext2/quota.userJpdating in-core user quotas[rootSdhsilabs /root]* I

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. .6. repquota -ua

88

3.6.1. () edquota.

edquota - (. . 3.7), -g. , $EDITOR, . , hard soft.

Quotas for user den:/dev/hda5: blocks in use: 107320, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)

inodes in use: 1720, limits (soft = |, hard = 0)/deu/hdaS: blocks in use: 4, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)

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# edquota -u den :

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89

Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or secondsGrace period before enforcing soft limits for users:/dev/hda4: block grace period: 50 minutes, file grace period: 50 minutes

, -

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90

user, , den. ,

:

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.

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91

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3.7.

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3.2. # !/bin/bash# nu (New User) .I

92

GROUP=100# SHELL=/bin/bash# HOME=/home# ()EXPIRE=30# DAYS=0# 5 WARN=5WHOAMI= /usr/bin/whoami

if [ $WHOAMI!="root" ]; thenecho "Access violation."exit 1

fiecho -n "Enter new name: "read USERNAMEecho -n "Enter full name: "read FULLNAMEadduser -c "5FULLNAME" -d $HOME/$USERNAME -e $EXPIRE \-g $GROUP -S $SHELL $USERNAMEpasswd -n $DAYS -w $WARN $USERNAMEpasswd $USERNAME

93

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Minix Filesystem (minix)Xia Filesystem (xia)UMSDOS Filesystem (umsdos)MSDOS Filesystem (msdos)(*) VFAT Filesystem (vfat)NT Filesystem (ntfs)HPFS Filesystem (hpfs)(*) ISO 9660(*) /procExtended Filesystem (ext)(*) Second Extended Filesystem (ext2) Third Extended Filesystem (ext3)Network Filesystem (nfs)

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106

Linux

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107

Linux

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Command (m for h e l p ) : pDisk /dev/hda: 16 heads, 38 sectors, 683 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 608 * 512 bytesDevice Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hdal * 1 1 203 61693 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M/dev/hda2 204 204 473 82080 81 Linux Native/dev/hda3 4 7 4 4 7 4 507 10336 82 Linux Swap

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