lithium ion battery (lib) - msl –...

Lithium ion battery (LIB)Chapter 3

에너지 재료학 - Lithium ion battery

Structure

Separator


MaterialsLIB Depending Critically on Materials


Materials

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Structure


Electrolyte

• High ionic conductivity

• Stability

• Low melting temperature

• High boiling temperature

• Low cost

• Non toxicity


Electrolyte

액체 전해질고체 고분자 전해질

겔 고분자 전해질

구성 유기용매+리튬염 고분자+리튬염고분자+유기용매+리

튬염

이온전도도 높음 낮음 다소 높음

저온특성 비교적 양호함 열악함 비교적 양호

고온 안정성 열악함 우수함 비교적 양호

대표 물질 LiPF6-EC/DEC LiBF4-PEDLiPF6-EC/DMC+PVdF-

HFP

EC: Ethylene carbonate, DEC: diethyl carbonate, DMC: dimethyl carbonate, PED: poly(ethylene oxide), PVdF-HFP: poly(vinyldene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), EMITFSI: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide


Mechanism of Lithium ion in electrolyte

Mechanism of Ion Transfer


Solid polymer electrolyteSolid Polymer Electrolytes

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Gel polymer electrolyte

UV Curable Gel Polymer Electrolytes

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Etc

Electrolytes for LIB

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Structure


Potential


Cathode materials

구조 층상구조 스페넬구조 올리빈구조

물질

LiCoO2

LiNi1-xCoxO2

LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

LiMn2O4

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4

LiCoMnO4

LiFePO4

LiMnPO4

LiCoPO4

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Spinel Structure of LiMn2O4

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Structure of Layered LiMO2�+%��+6��+%(2�;� Packing ;�,

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Spinel Structure of LiMn2O4

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Structure of Olivine LiFePO4

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Li: M(1), Fe: M(2)

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LiFePO4

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LiCoO2

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Structural Change of LiCoO2

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Cathode materials

LiCoO2 Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 LiMn2O4 LiFePO4

구조 층상 층상 스피넬 올리빈

이론용량 274mAh/g 285mAh/g 148mAh/g 170mAh/g

가용용량 145mAh/g 170mAh/g 120mAh/g 150mAh/g

가용전압 3.7V 3.6V 4.1V 3.4V

장점높은 전기전도도합성이 쉬움

높은 용량낮은 가격열적 안정성

가격 저렴무독성

열적안정성

낮은 가격무독성

단점

높은 가격독성

열적 불안정합성이 어려움

망간 용출적은 방전 용량

낮은 전기전도도낮은 에너지밀도


Cathode materials

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Cathode Materials

Cathode Materials

Li1-x[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2�Single phase up to x=0.7 with 1% volume change

� Similar performance to that of LiCoO2

� Mass production to be solved


Structure


Potential


Anode materials��

Basal plane surface

Edge surface

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CarbonCarbon Types

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Anode materials

Starting material

C Al Si Sn Bi

Lithiated phase LiC6 Li9Al4 Li22Si5 Li22Sn5 Li3Bi

이론용량

(Ah/kg)372 2235 4200 993 385

이론용량

(Ah/L)833 6035 9340 7000 3773

부피 변화(%)

12 238 297 257 115

Cycle property Excellent Poor Poor Poor Poor


Silicon as anode material

Volume Expansion of Si

Weakpoints of Sn electrode: great volume change during alloying and de-allolying

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Weakpoints of Sn electrode: great volume change during alloying and de allolying� not easy to maintain the integrity of electrode structure due to pulverization � poor cycle properties

Lithium ion battery (LIB)Chapter 4


Li ion diffusionOperating Principle: Intercalation

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Cathode Anode


Li ion intercalation

Region I: Graphite� ��

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Region I: Graphite� ��

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Li ion intercalation

Stage Phenomena in Graphite

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Solid electrolyte interface (SEI)



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SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) Model

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SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) Model

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Intercalation vs. Alloying

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Electrode

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Li metal

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Explosion


SeparatorCelgard 2320

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