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1
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Kính thưa quý Thầy, Cô,
Các bạn sinh viên thân mến,
Với tinh thần “học tốt để có một nghề nghiệp vững chắc, một tương lai tươi sáng cùng khát vọng vươn xa”, chúng em –
sinh viên các dòng lớp HD03 – 10, QTLH 03 – 10 khoa Lữ hành – cùng bắt tay thực hiện quyển sổ tay từ ngữ Việt – Anh
– chuyên ngành lữ hành.
Quyển sổ tay bao gồm 878 từ liên quan đến các tuyến du lịch đi và về trong ngày:
438 từ - Tuyến nội thành Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
180 từ - Tuyến Củ Chi.
260 từ - Tuyến TPHCM – Tiền Giang – Bến Tre.
Hơn 6 tháng cùng thu thập tài liệu và biên soạn quyển sổ tay, chúng em đã học được nhiều điều bổ ích.
Trong thời gian thực hiện quyển sổ tay, chúng em đã nhận được sự quan tâm và chỉ đạo của Ban Giám hiệu đồng thời là
Ban cố vấn.
Những bản thảo của chúng em được cô Dương Thị Kim Phụng và cô Đoàn Thị Kiều Nga cẩn thận chỉnh sửa nhiều lần.
Thầy Nguyễn Hữu Công đã rất nhiệt tình hỗ trợ chúng em về mặt kỹ thuật.
Chúng em trân trọng kính gởi đến quý Thầy, Cô lời chân thành cảm ơn vì tất cả những gì Thầy Cô đã luôn dành cho chúng
em và các bạn sinh viên trong trường.
Chúng em xin được xem việc biên soạn quyển sổ tay như một trong những hoạt động của sinh viên khoa Lữ hành trong
chuổi các hoạt động kỷ niệm 25 năm thành lập trường Cao đẳng Nghề Du lịch Sài Gòn (1991 – 2016).
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Chúng em hy vọng quyển sổ tay từ ngữ Việt – Anh chuyên ngành lữ hành sẽ là một tư liệu nhỏ góp thêm một phần khiêm
tốn vào việc học tập tiếng anh của sinh viên khoa Lữ hành.
Dù đã rất cố gắng nhưng chắc chắn chúng em vẫn có những sai sót. Chúng em xin được lắng nghe những lời chỉ dạy của
tất cả quý Thầy, Cô trong trường và đón nhận những góp ý của các bạn sinh viên.
Nhóm biên soạn
Phạm Thị Hồng Thắm – HD03 – nhóm trưởng tuyến Mỹ Tho – Bến Tre và các thành viên.
Trần Ngọc Lữ Phong – HD10 – nhóm trưởng tuyến Củ Chi và các thành viên.
Đào Đức Duy Khang – LH05 – nhóm trưởng tuyến nội thành TPHCM và các thành viên.
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LỜI NGỎ
Nhân sự kiện kỷ niệm 25 năm thành lập trường Cao đẳng Nghề Du lịch Sài Gòn (1991 – 2016), trong khuôn khổ
nội dung sinh hoạt chuyên đề được tổ chức định kỳ hàng quý nhằm bổ sung kiến thức và kỹ năng cho sinh viên, sinh viên
khoa Lữ hành đã cùng nhau thực hiện quyển sổ tay từ ngữ Việt – Anh - chuyên ngành lữ hành với mong muốn được cùng
trau dồi tiếng Anh, chuẩn bị tốt cho công việc tương lai trong ngành du lịch.
Được sự đồng ý và cố vấn của Ban Giám hiệu nhà trường, sinh viên khoa Lữ hành đã bắt đầu biên soạn quyển sổ
tay từ ngữ Việt – Anh - chuyên ngành lữ hành từ tháng 06/2016 và hoàn thành vào tháng 02/2017. Tổ bộ môn Nghiệp vụ
hướng dẫn khoa Lữ hành trân trọng giới thiệu cùng quý Thầy, Cô, các bạn sinh viên quyển sổ tay từ ngữ Việt – Anh.
Cảm ơn sự quan tâm và những ý kiến đóng góp của quý Thầy Cô và các bạn sinh viên để quyển sổ tay từ ngữ Việt
– Anh có thể góp một phần nhỏ vào việc học ngoại ngữ của sinh viên khoa Lữ hành.
Tháng 03/2017
Tổ bộ môn Nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn – khoa Lữ hành.
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MỤC LỤC
NGUYEN HUE WALKING STREET .................................................................................................................. 5
THE VIETNAM HISTORY MUSEUM ............................................................................................................. 19
THIEN HAU TEMPLE = TUỆ THÀNH ASSEMBLY HALL ........................................................................ 77
INDEPENDENCE PALACE ............................................................................................................................... 94
TOUR OF CU CHI TUNNELS.......................................................................................................................... 124
MY THO – BEN TRE TOUR ............................................................................................................................ 155
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NGUYEN HUE WALKING STREET
ST
T
TIẾNG
VIỆT TIẾNG ANH PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ GỢI Ý CÁCH DÙNG
1 Bến Bạch
Đằng Bach Dang Wharf
BrE /wɔ ː f/
AmE /wɔ ː rf/
Bach Dang Wharf is in the
centre of District 1, near
the Monument of General
Tran Hung Dao which was
built on Ton Duc Thang
Street to commemorate the
glorious victory against the
Yuanmeng invaders in
1288 on the Bach Dang
River.
2 Biểu diễn
nghệ thuật Art performance /ɑ ː rt/ /pə rˈ fɔ ː rmə ns/
Nguyen Hue walking street
is chosen as a place for big
events of Ho Chi Minh city
as parades, meetings, street
festivals, culture
exhibitions, art
performances, etc.
3 Cấm/Khôn
g cho phép Ban (v) /bæn/
Ban something
Ex: There is a campaign
to ban smoking in
public places.
6
ban somebody from
something
Ex: He was banned
from the meeting.
ban somebody from
doing something
Ex: He was banned
from driving for six
months.
As schedule, on week
days, vehicles are
still allowed to run
along Nguyen Hue
street, but from 6pm
to 1am on Saturday
and Sunday, all kinds
of vehicles are
banned to travel here.
4 Cây sứ
(trắng) White frangipani /waɪ t/ /ˌ frændʒ iˈ pæni/
The area of President Ho
Chi Minh Statue Park has
the lotus pond, two lines of
white frangipanis and a lot
of colorful flowers and
trees.
5 Chiều cao Height (n) /haɪ t/ - It is almost 2 meters in
height.
7
- She is the same height as
her sister.
6 Chiều dài Length (n) /leŋθ/
- The Nguyen Hue walking
street includes 2 areas with
670m in total length and
60m in width.
- This room is twice the
length of the kitchen.
- The river is 300 miles in
length.
7 Chiều rộng Width (n) /wɪ dθ/ -It's about 10 metres in
width.
8 Ảnh chụp
tự sướng Selfie (n) /ˈ selfiː /
There are many young
people using their iPhones
or iPads to take selfies.
9 Đại lộ Boulevard (n)
(abbreviation Blvd.)
BrE /ˈ buː lə vɑ ː d/
AmE /ˈ bʊ lə vɑ ː rd/
- We visited the world-
famous Hollywood
Boulevard.
- In 1956, the Charner
Boulevard was renamed
Nguyen Hue Boulevard
and became the most
beautiful street in Sai Gon
at that time.
10 Đèn chiếu
sáng
Modern art lighting system /ˈ mɑ ː də rn//ɑ ː rt//ˈ laɪ tɪ ŋ
/
The square is also equipped
with modern art lighting
and water music systems.
8
11 Diễu hành Parade (n)
Meeting /pə ˈ reɪ d/
The parade is held every
year.
12 Ghế dài/ghế
băng dài Bench (n) /bentʃ /
He was found asleep on a
park bench.
13 Giải trí Relax (v) /rɪ ˈ læks/
- I’m going to spend the
weekend just relaxing.
- When I get home from
work I like to relax with a
glass of wine.
14 Giầy Pa-
tanh
Roller-skate (n)
(also skate) /ˈ roʊ lə r/ /skeɪ t/
Idioms: “be
skating/walking on thin
ice” = to be taking a risk
15 Hệ thống
phun sương Spraying system(n) /spreɪ -iŋ//ˈ sɪ stə m/
an early morning
mist = sương sớm
Spraying system is
arranged in the tree
lines to cool the air,
prevent dust and
create humidity for
trees.
Spraying systems
will work in the
distance among trees
to keep the square
cool.
9
16
Hồ sen Lotus pond /ˈ loʊ tə s/ /pɒ nd/ The area of President Ho
Chi Minh Statue Park has a
lotus pond, two lines of
white frangipanis and a lot
of colorful flowers and
trees.
17 Kẻ móc túi Pickpocket (n)
BrE /ˈ pɪ kpɒ kɪ t/
AmE /ˈ pɪ kpɑ ː kɪ t/
Watch out for pickpockets,
especially in crowded
places, please!
18 Khánh
thành Inaugurate (v) /ɪ ˈ nɔ ː ɡ jə reɪ t/
On occasion of 40th
anniversary of Southern
Liberation – Vietnam
Reunification and 125–year
birthday anniversary of
president Ho Chi Minh,
Saigon inaugurated
Monument of President Ho
Chi Minh at Nguyen Hue
walking street.
19 Khu thương
mại/Khu
buôn bán
Downtown (n/adj/adv) /ˌ daʊ nˈ taʊ n/
a hotel in the heart of
downtown
The Nguyen Hue
Pedestrian/walking
Street is located in
downtown Dictrict 1,
Ho Chi Minh City.
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20 Khuyết tật
Disable (v)
Disabled (adj)
Disability (n)
/dɪ sˈ eɪ bl/
/dɪ sˈ eɪ bld/
/ˌ dɪ sə ˈ bɪ lə ti/
- The Disabled people =
người khuyết tật.
- Wheelchair Path = lối đi
dành riêng cho người
khuyết tật (ngồi xe lăn)
-Pavement parking is
dangerous for wheelchair
users and other disabled
people.
21
Mạng
không dây
(sử dụng
sóng vô
tuyến)
Wi-fi(n) /ˈ waɪ faɪ /
The Nguyen Hue Walking
Street provides free Wi-Fi
24/24 to serve visitors.
22
Nhà tạo
hình bong
bóng nghệ
thuật
Balloon artist
/bə ˈ luː n//ˈ ɑ ː rtɪ st/
Artists are making stunning
toys from balloons.
23 Nhà vệ sinh
công cộng
Public
bathroom/toilet/rest-room /ˈ pʌ blɪ k//ˈ tɔ ɪ lə t/
In addition, 160 benches
and two
underground/public
restrooms have been put
along the square to serve
visitors.
24 Nhạc nước Water music system /ˈ wɔ ː tə r//ˈ mjuː zɪ k/ The square has also
installed modern art
11
lighting and water music
systems.
The modern art lighting
and water music systems
have also been installed in
the square.
25 Nhiếp ảnh
gia Photographer (n)
BrE /fə ˈ tɒ ɡ rə fə (r)/
AmE /fə ˈ tɑ ː ɡ rə fə r/
Vietnam in the 1980s
through French
photographer’s lens.
Photogenic (adj)
/ˌ foʊ toʊ ˈ dʒ enɪ k
/ = ăn ảnh
26 Nhóm nhạc Band/Group /bænd/
The excitement of
seeing a live band.
They play in a rock
band.
She sings in a rock
group.
27
Nhượng
quyền
Kinh doanh
/nhượng
quyền
thương mại
Franchise (n)
Franchiser/franchiso
r (n): doanh nghiệp
bán franchise/quyền
kinh doanh
Franchisee (n):doanh
nghiệp mua
franchise/
/ˈ fræntʃ aɪ z/ Brand-name
franchise = Nhượng
quyền thương hiệu
The coffee-shop
franchise = (Chuỗi
cửa hàng) Cà phê
nhượng quyền
12
quyền kinh doanh
Management
franchise = nhượng
quyền có tham gia
quản lý (chuỗi khách
sạn lớn như Holiday
Inc, Marriott,..)
Full business format
franchise = nhượng
quyền mô hình kinh
doanh toàn diện
(KFC, Subway,
McDonald’s,
Starbucks, Phở 24)
He’s got a job as
manager of a burger
franchise.
He runs a local pizza
franchise.
a catering franchise
in the fast-food
industry
Non-business format
franchise = nhượng
quyền mô hình kinh
doanh không toàn
diện
+ Nhượng quyền
phân phối sản phẩm,
dịch vụ (product
distribution
franchise): như sơ mi
cao cấp Pierre Cardin
cho An Phước, Foci,
chuỗi cà phê Trung
Nguyên…
+ Nhượng quyền
công thức sản xuất
sản phẩm và tiếp thị
(marketing
13
franchise): như
CocaCola.
28 Pháo hoa Firework (n) BrE /ˈ faɪ ə wɜ ː k/
AmE /ˈ faɪ ə rwɜ ː rk/
a firework(s) display
They set off
fireworks in their
back garden.
The firework show is
part of the activities
in commemoration of
the Reunification
Day, April 30 and
Labor Day, May 1.
29 Phố đi bộ Pedestrian Street
= Walking Street /pə ˈ destriə n//striː t/
Đường hoa = The
Flower Street.
The old Nguyen Hue
Flower Street now
becomes a square
and the first walking
street of Saigon.
Nguyen Hue walking
street stretches from
the building of Ho
Chi Minh City
People's Committee
to Bach Dang Wharf,
14
fronting the Saigon
River.
Underground trade
centers of the first
metro route project
Ben Thanh-Suoi Tien
will be connected
with the walking
street in the future.
30 Tấm bia Stele(n)
(danh từ số nhiều: stelae) /ˈ sti:li/
Behind Uncle Ho’s Statue,
there is a stele inscribing
the presentation of
Southern Interim
Administrative
Committee (Ủy ban hành
chính lâm thời miền
Nam) after the success of
August Revolution in 1945.
31 Tầng hầm Basement(n) /ˈ beɪ smə nt/
Near the end of the Nguyen
Hue walking street, there is
a 500-square meter
basement which consists of
rooms used to control
water shows and monitor
activities above.
15
32
Tầng lớp
thanh
niên/Tuổi
trẻ
Youth (n)
(pl. youths /juː ðz/ )
/juː θ/ The Ho Chi Minh City
Youth Cultural House =
Nhà Văn Hóa Thanh Niên.
33 Tòa nhà
chọc trời Skyscraper /ˈ skaɪ skreɪ pə r/
Bitexco Financial Tower is
the tallest skyscraper in Ho
Chi Minh City and the
second tallesttower in
Vietnam.
34 Triễn lãm Exhibition(n) /ˌ eksɪ ˈ bɪ ʃ n/
The exhibition is on
view from 11 April
to 5 July.
Idioms: “make an
exhibition of
yourself”
= to behave in a bad or
stupid way in public.
Ex: I’m afraid Frank got
drunk and made an
exhibition of himself.
35 Tượng đài Statue (n) /ˈ stætʃ uː /
a bronze/marble
statue.
The statue stands in
one of the main
squares.
16
Uncle Ho’s copper
statue with the
height of 7.2m,
facing to Sai Gon
River, has been put
up in the area of
President Ho Chi
Minh Statue Park.
36 Tuyến xe
điện ngầm
Metro line
= Subway (n)
BrE /ˈ metrə ʊ /
AmE /ˈ metroʊ /
/ˈ sʌ bweɪ /
underground /
subway / metro / tube
A city’s underground
railway/railroad system is
usually called the
underground (often the
Underground) in British
English and the subway in
North American English.
The Metro is the name for
the systems in Paris and
Washington, D.C.
London’s system is often
called the Tube.
37 Ván trượt Skateboard (n) (v) BrE /ˈ skeɪ tbɔ ː d/
AmE /ˈ skeɪ tbɔ ː rd/
to ride (on) a
skateboard.
I used to skateboard
in the streets.
17
38 Vỉa hè Pavement (n)
Sidewalk (n) /ˈ peɪ vmə nt/
Pavement artist =
sidewalk artist = họa
sĩ đường phố
A pavement café =
cà phê lề đường
Ex: There are plenty of
attractive restaurants
and pavement cafes.
Don’t ride your bike
on the pavement!
A narrow pavement
ran along the side of
the road.
39 Xe
cộ/phương
tiện cơ giới
Vehicle (n)
BrE /ˈ viː ə kl/
AmE /ˈ viː ə kl/ or
/ˈ viː hɪ kl/
*Motor vehicles (= cars,
buses, lorries/trucks, etc.)
-The city centre is off-
limits to wheeled vehicles.
40 Xoài “lắc”
(street
food)
Shaking mangoes.
Trái cây lắc =
Shaking fruits
Phô mai que =
Cheese stick(s)
Bánh tráng trộn
“thần thánh” = The
/ˈ ʃ eɪ kɪ ŋ/ /ˈ mæŋɡ oʊ /
Customers are waiting for
“shaking mangoes”
outside a stall on Nguyễn
Huệ Street in District 1.
18
ultimate mixed rice-
paper
Bánh tráng nướng =
Vietnamese grilled
rice-paper with egg
Phá lấu = Offals
braised in coconut
juice
19
THE VIETNAM HISTORY MUSEUM
Designed and built by the French in 1927 and finished in 1929, the museum was originally named Museé
Blanchard de La Brosse.
Later it was renamed The National Museum of Saigon in 1956 and the Vietnam History Museum in HCM
city in 1979.
There are more than 17.000 exhibits illustrating the evolution of Vietnamese history and the cultures of
Southern provinces and some Asian countries.
They are displayed in 18 showrooms:
1. Prehistoric period (about 500.000 years ago – 2879 B.C)
2. Metal age – National building under the Hùng Kings (2879 B.C – 179 B.C)
3. Chinese occupation – The struggle for independence (179 B.C – 938)
4. Ngô – Đinh – Early Lê – Lý dynasties (939 – 1225)
5. Trần – Hồ dynasties (1226 – 1407)
6. Champa culture (2nd – 17th centuries)
7. Oc Eo culture (1st – 7th centuries)
8. Buddhist statues from various Asian countries
9. Posterior Lê – Mạc – Lê Trịnh – Nguyễn Lords dynasties (1428 – 1788)
10. The cannons (18th – 19th centuries)
11. Tay Son dynasty (1771 – 1802)
12. Nguyen dynasty (1802 – 1945)
13. Cambodia stone carvings (9th – 13th centuries)
14. Asian ceramics
15. The mummy in Xom Cai – HCM City
16. The Vuong Hong Sen collection
17. Minority cultures from Southern Provinces
18. Special exhibition area/ Shorterm.
20
THE VIETNAM HISTORY MUSEUM
Room 1: Prehistoric period (about 500.000 years ago – 2879 B.C)
THỜI TIỀN SỬ
ST
T
TIẾNG
VIỆT TIẾNG ANH
PHIÊN ÂM
QUỐC TẾ GỢI Ý CÁCH DÙNG
1 Bén, sắt,
nhọn
Sharp (adj)
Sharpen (v)
BrE /ʃ ɑ ː p/
NAmE /ʃ ɑ ː rp/
A pencil-sharpener = đồ chuốt bút chì
A knife-sharpener = đồ mài dao
2 Bộ xương Skeleton (n) /ˈ skelɪ tn/ The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
3 Cái nôi Cradle (n) /ˈ kreɪ dl/
Vietnam is one of the human cradles in the Southeast
Asian.
4 Công cụ Tool (n) /tuː l/
Chopping Tool = công cụ chặt/cắt
In archaeology a chopping tool is a stone tool.
The history of human technology begins with the
discovery of how to give stone a cutting edge.
5 Cư trú Settle (n) /ˈ setl/
At the beginning of the Bronze Age, the Viet tribe
groups had settled down in the North and in the North
of Central Vietnam.
6 Da thuộc Leather (n) BrE /ˈ leðə (r)/
NAmE /ˈ leðə r/
In the Stone Age most clothing was made of leather
or fur.
21
7 Dấu vết/vết
tích Trace (n) /treɪ s/
*Archeologists have found the trace of the period of
Homo Erectus in cave Tham Khuyen and Tham Hai
in the mountainous Northern province of Lang Son.
8 Di chỉ/ dấu
vết Vestige (n)
BrE /ˈ vestɪ dʒ /
NAmE
/ˈ vestɪ dʒ /
According to archaeological vestiges, the earliest
human being existed in Northern Vietnam about
500.000 years ago.
9 Đồ đất nung Pottery (n)
(pl. potteries)
BrE /ˈ pɒ tə ri/
NAmE
/ˈ pɑ ː tə ri/
The typical tools of these periods include choppers,
flake tools, natural and polished hand axes and
pottery fragments.
22
10 Dụng cụ
chặt/cắt Chopper (n)
BrE /ˈ tʃ ɒ pə (r)/
NAmE
/ˈ tʃ ɑ ː pə r/
The chopper has a round, semi-oval or almost
straight cutting edge.
11 Đa thần*
(tín ngưỡng)
*Polytheism
(n) = the belief
in or worship
of more than
one god.
BrE
/ˈ pɒ liθiɪ zə m/
NAmE
/ˈ pɑ ː liθiɪ zə m/
*Monotheism (n) độc thần (tín ngưỡng)
*Nature worship (n) Vạn vật hữu linh/Tô-tem giáo
12 Hái lượm/
thu nhặt
Gather (v)
Gathering (n) /ˈ ɡ æðə r/
The primitive people made a living by hunting and
gathering.
13 Hang/động
(thiên nhiên,
lớn)
Cave (n)
Grotto (n)
hang nhỏ,
có tính chất
nhân tạo
/keɪ v/
/ˈ ɡ rɑ ː toʊ /
*The area contains vast underground cave systems.
*Caves around the world contain information in
various forms about the ancient history of planet
Earth.
*Throughout history, primitive people have made use
of caves for shelter, burial, or as religious sites.
23
14 Hóa thạch Fossil (n)
BrE /ˈ fɒ sl/
NAmE /ˈ fɑ ː sl/
What is the difference between a fossil and an
artifact?
- The main difference between fossils and artifacts is
that fossils are preserved remains of living things
whereas artifacts are the remains of things that were
made by humans. While artifacts have a historical
value, fossils also have a scientific value.
15 Khảo cổ học
Archaeology
(n)
Archaeologi
cal (adj)
thuộc về
khảo cổ
Archaeologi
st (n) nhà
khảo cổ học
BrE
/ˌ ɑ ː kiˈ ɒ lə dʒ i
/
NAmE
/ˌ ɑ ː rkiˈ ɑ ː lə d
ʒ i/
/ˌ ɑ ː rkiˈ ɑ ː lə d
ʒ ɪ st/
Archaeologists found Paleolithic vestiges in Đọ
Mount (Thanh Hoa Province) and Sơn Vi (Phu Tho
Province); Mesolithic ones in Hoa Binh and
Neolithic ones in Bắc Sơn.
16 Kỳ đồ đá
Stone Age (n)
Paleolithic
(Old Stone
Age) = Kỳ
đồ đá cũ
Mesolithic
(Middle
Stone Age):
/stoʊ n/ /eɪ dʒ /
/ˌ pæliə ˈ lɪ θɪ k/
/,mesou'liθik/
* The Stone Age was a time in history when early
humans used tools and weapons made out of stone.
* The Stone Age is usually divided into three separate
periods: Paleolithic Period, Mesolithic Period, and
Neolithic Period; based on the level in the fashioning
and use of tools.
24
thời kỳ đồ
đá giữa
Neolithic
(New Stone
Age): thời
kỳ đồ đá
mới
/ˌ niː ə ˈ lɪ θɪ k/
17 Lông thú Fur (n) /fɜ ː r/
The animal is hunted for its fur.
Animal skins were the first material for the
clothing of primitive man.
Later fur became an important part of trade, a
measure of the calculation, as well as an
essential symbol of high status, material well-
being and luxury.
18 Mảnh vỡ Fragment (n) /ˈ fræɡ mə nt/ a few tiny fragments of glass
19 Nền văn
minh
Civilization
(n)
BrE
/ˌ sɪ və laɪ ˈ zeɪʃ n/ NAmE
/ˌ sɪ və lə ˈ zeɪʃ n/
Human civilization started in Vietnam a very long
time ago. In fact, archaeologists have found vestiges
of Homo Erectus in the caves of Lang Son and Nghe
An Provinces.
20 Nguyên
thủy/Ban sơ Primitive (adj) /ˈ prɪ mə tɪ v/
Primitive man = Người nguyên thủy
Primitive language
21 Rìu (búa) Axe (n) /æks/
Stone axes dating back to 3,000-4,000 years ago
wereexcavated in the Central Highlands province of
Kon Tum in 2000.
25
22 Săn bắt Hunting (n) /ˈ hʌ ntɪ ŋ/ The primitive people made a living by hunting and
gathering.
23 Sau công
nguyên
A.D. = Anno
Domini /ˌ eɪ ˈ diː /
A.D. comes from Latin Anno Domini meaning "In
the year of Our Lord".
24 Thập kỷ (10
năm) Decade (n)
/ˈ dekeɪ d/ or
/dɪ ˈ keɪ d/
Decade = a period of ten years, especially a
continuous period, such as 1910–1919 or
2000–2009
the early decades of the 19th century = thập
niên đầu của thế kỷ 19.
25 Thế kỷ (100
năm)
Century (n)
(pl. centuries) /ˈ sentʃ ə ri/
the 20th century = AD 1901–2000 or 1900–
1999
half-century = a period of 50 years
The city’s population doubled during the 19th
century.
26 Thiên niên
kỷ (1000
năm)
Millennium
(n)
Millennia
(plu.)
/mɪ ˈ leniə m/ the second millennium AD/ the book is a
history of the last two millennia.
27 Tiền sử
Prehistoric
(adj)
Prehistory (n)
/ˌ priː hɪ ˈ stɔ ː r
ɪ k/
/ˌ priː ˈ hɪ stri/
Prehistoric people believed that all natural objects,
including living creatures, had a soul or spirit,
which existed separately and independently of its
physical being.
28 Tồn tại/sống
sót Exist (v) /ɪ ɡ ˈ zɪ st/
A temple existed here hundreds of years ago.
The problem only exists in your head, Jack.
26
29 Trang sức Jewellry/Jewel
ry (n) /ˈ dʒ uː ə lri/
Primitive men collected snails, oysters and other kind
of mollusks along the sea-shore for food. Then they
also used shells to make basic jewelry.
30 Trước công
nguyên
B.C. = Before
Christ
/ˌ biː ˈ siː /
/bɪ ˈ fɔ ː r/
/kraɪ st/
31 Vỏ ốc biển Sea-shell (n) /siː /- /ʃ el/
Primitive men collected snails, oysters and other kind
of mollusks along the sea-shore for food. Then they
also used shells to make basic jewelry.
Room 2: Metal Age – National building under the Hùng Kings (2879 B.C – 179 B.C)
THỜI KIM KHÍ – VUA HÙNG DỰNG NƯỚC
32 Bộ tộc/Bộ
lạc Tribe (n) /traɪ b/
The people of Van Lang State, known as the Lac
Viet, settled in and around the Deltas of the Red
River, the Mã River and the Lam River.
27
33 Gươm/kiếm/
đao Sword (n) /sɔ ː rd/
Japanese swords are very famous because they are
sharp and strong.
34 Khuôn đúc
Mould (n)
(especially US
English mold)
BrE /mə ʊ ld/
NAmE /moʊ ld/
A clay mould is used for casting bronze
statues.
Pour the chocolate into a heart-shaped mould.
It took many months to create the sculpture
mould for the drum, which follows the Ngoc
Lu drum-type.
35 Mô
phỏng/bắt
chước
Imitate (v) /ˈ ɪ mɪ teɪ t/
Her style of painting has been imitated by
other artists.
Art imitates Nature.
28
36 Mũi tên
Arrow (n)
Arrowhead
(n) đầu
mũi tên
/ˈ ærə ʊ /
/ˈ æroʊ /
Rough Guides Snapshot Vietnam: Hanoi
(By Rough Guides)
37 Nắp đậy
Mi mắt Lid (n) /lɪ d/
The Sa Huynh culture cremated adults and
buried them in jars covered with lids, a
practice unique to the culture.
Sa Huynh culture in the Central Coastal
Lowlands is renowned for its jar-shaped
tombs. (mộ chum)
38 Nghi lễ Ritual (adj-n) /ˈ rɪ tʃ uə l/
The Dong Son Bronze Drum is decorated with
geometric patterns, scenes of daily life and war,
animals and birds, and boats.
29
The drums were used as musical instruments in
festivals, such as prayers for rain, for good harvest
and rituals, such as weddings and funerals, as well
as command in army.
39 Phong kiến Feudal /ˈ fjuː dl/
The 1st feudal state of ancient Vietnam is Van Lang
State, which was established and ruled by Hung
Kings in the 6th century BC.
40 Quan tài Coffin (n)
BrE /ˈ kɒ fɪ n/
NAmE
/ˈ kɔ ː fɪ n/
The Viet Khe ancient coffin is of the boat-
shaped one (also called hollowed-out tree
trunk burial). This type of grave is often found
in low land areas near the river. The Viet Khe
coffin was unearthed in 1961 in Ngoc Khe
village, Viet Khe commune, Thuy Nguyen
district, Hai Phong city.
The coffin was viewed as a boat which carried
the dead to “the other world”
41 Tang lễ Funeral (n) /ˈ fjuː nə rə l/
In many countries, it is a convention to wear black
at funerals.
The funeral will be held next Priday.
* Hỏa táng = cremation (n) /krə ˈ meɪ ʃ n/
* Địa táng = Burial (n) /ˈ beriə l/
* Thủy táng = Water Burial
* Không táng = Sky Burial
* Động táng = Cave Burial
42 Thành trì
Thành lũy
Citadel (n)
= Rampart (n)
/ˈ sɪ tə də l/
/ˈ sɪ tə del/
Co Loa Citadel is the oldest citadel in Vietnam
which was built by Thuc An Duong Vuong King/
30
Thuc Phan – King An Duong Vuong in the 3rd
century BC.
43 Thời đại kim
khí Metal Age /ˈ metl/ /eɪ dʒ /
There were 3 major cultures in Vietnam in the 1st
millennium BC (Metal Age): Dong Son, Sa Huynh
and Dong Nai.
44 Thuyền độc
mộc
Dug-out canoe
(Hollowed-out
tree trunk)
/ˈ dʌ ɡ aʊ t/
/kə ˈ nuː /
= Dug-out (type of light narrow boat) made by
cutting out the inside of a tree trunk
45 Trống đồng Bronze Drum /brɑ ː nz/ Dong Son culture in the Red River Delta is known
for its elaborate bronze drums.
46 Vại/lọ/bình Jar (n) /dʒ ɑ ː r/ She filled the jars with the tomato sauce.
47 Vũ khí Weapon (n) /ˈ wepə n/ Education is the only weapon to fight the spread of
the disease.
Room 3: Chinese occupation/domination – The struggle for independence (179 B.C – 938)
THỜI BẮC THUỘC – ĐẤU TRANH GIÀNH LẠI ĐỘC LẬP
48 Anh hùng Hero (n)
(pl. heroes)
BrE /ˈ hɪ ə rə ʊ /
NAmE /ˈ hɪ roʊ /
or /ˈ hiː roʊ /
The Hai Ba Trung (Trung Sisters) Temple Festival
is held annually on lunar January 6 in Me Linh
Commune, Me Linh District, Hanoi. It is the
birthplace of the two sisters Trung Trac and Trung
Nhi, two famous Vietnamese heroines who rode
elephants to lead their troops to defeat the foreign
invaders.
49 Ăn trầu Betel chewing /ˈ biː tl/
/tʃ uː ɪ ŋ/ They preserved the custom and traditions of
tooth dyeing, betel chewing and tattooing.
31
50 Bà Triệu (The)Lady
Triệu /ˈ leɪ di/
In 225, another woman, Triệu Thị Trinh, popularly
known as Lady Triệu, led another revolt which
lasted until 248. Once again, the uprising failed and
Triệu Thị Trinh threw herself into a river.
51 Cái chậu/cái
thau Basin (n) /ˈ beɪ sn/ This object can be used as a basin or a drum.
52 Cai trị/điều
khiển Rule (v)/(n) /ruː l/
There were major uprisings against the Chinese
rule during this period such as the Trung Sisiters
(40 AD), Lady Trieu (248), Ly Nam De (542), Mai
Hac De (722), Phung Hung (791), Khuc Family
(905).
53 Con ếch
Frog (n)
≠
Fog (n) sương
mù
BrE /frɒ ɡ /
NAmE /frɔ ː ɡ / ,
/frɑ ː ɡ /
Idioms: have a frog in your throat = bị khan tiếng
54 Cuộc đấu
tranh
Struggle
(n)/(v) /ˈ strʌ ɡ l/
struggle (for something): Ex: a country struggling for independence
32
struggle to do something:
Ex: They struggled just to pay their bills.
struggle (against somebody/something) Ex: He struggled against cancer for two years.
struggle together = vật lộn/đánh nhau
Ex: Ben and Jack struggled together on the
grass.
55 Cuộc nổi
dậy/cuộc
khởi nghĩa
Rebellion (n)
= Revolt (n)
/rɪ ˈ beljə n/
/rɪ ˈ voʊ lt/ The army put down the rebellion.
56 Đặc sản
Speciality (n)
(also specialty
inNorth
American
English)
/ˌ speʃ iˈ ælə ti/ Fermented pork rolls (nem chua) are seen as a
simple Thanh Hoa's specialty.
57 Điểm tham
quan
Tourist
attraction
/ˈ tʊ ə rɪ st/
/ə ˈ trækʃ n/
About the tourist attractions, the Ho Dynasty’s
Citadel and Sam Son Beach are the most well-
known names. Besides, Ba Trieu Pagoda, Holy Fish
Pond and Ben En National Park are also very
attractive.
In the middle of June, 2012, the Ho Citadel was
recognized by the UNESCO as one of the world
heritages.
58 Đô hộ/thống
trị
Dominate (v)
Occupy (v)
/ˈ dɑ ː mɪ neɪ t/
/ˈ ɑ ː kjupaɪ /
From 179 B.C. to 938 A.D., China occupied this
country.
33
59 Đốt nương
làm rẫy
Slash-and-
burn
agriculture
= Fire-fallow
cultivation
/slæʃ /-/ænd/-
/bɜ ː rn/
They made a living by fishing, hunting and slash-
and burn agriculture.
60 Gìn giữ Preserve (v) /prɪ ˈ zɜ ː rv/ They preserved the custom and traditions of
tooth dyeing, betel chewing and tattooing.
61 Hai Bà
Trưng
The Trung
Sisters /ˈ sɪ stə r/
In North Vietnam the people resented Chinese rule
and in 40 AD the Trung Sisters led a rebellion at Mê
Linh district (present day Vĩnh Phúc). However in 43
AD the Chinese crushed the rebellion and the sisters
killed themselves.
To this day, the Trưng Sisters are revered in Vietnam
as the national symbol of Vietnamese women.
62 Hợp
pháp/đúng
luật
Legitimate
(adj) /lɪ ˈ dʒ ɪ tɪ mə t/
The decoration combines motifs of Đông Sơn
culture and those of the Han culture – creating a
rather imaginative coordination. It may represent a
“legitimate” way of preserving the Đông Sơn
culture of the ancient Vietnamese.
Her passport seemed legitimate, but on closer
inspection, it was found to have been altered.
63 Mặt trống drumhead (n) /'drʌ mhed/ The Drum is decorated with as few as four, frogs/
four frogson the drumhead.
34
64 Nhà quản
lý/quản trị
Administrator
(n)
/ə dˈ mɪ nɪ streɪ t
ə r/
The independent period began from 905-931 when
the position of administrator was assumed by Khúc
Thừa Dụ.
65 Nhuộm răng Tooth dyeing /tuː θ/ /ˈ daɪ ɪ ŋ/
Tooth dyeing = a custom of dyeing one's teeth
black.
They preserved the custom and traditions of
tooth dyeing, betel chewing and tattooing.
In Vietnam, tooth dyeing was practiced by the
majority Vietnamese people as well as by
minority ethnic groups.
66 Phong
tục/tục lệ
Custom (n)
≠
Customs (n)
/ˈ kʌ stə mz/
= hải quan
/ˈ kʌ stə m/
an old/ancient custom
the custom of giving presents at Christmas
It's a local custom.
It is the custom in that country for women to
marry young.
67 Phối hợp/kết
hợp
Combine (v)
combination
(n)
/'kɔ mbain/
/,kɔ mbi'neiʃ n/
The decoration combines motifs of Đông Sơn
culture and those of the Han culture – creating a
rather imaginative coordination. It may represent a
“legitimate” way of preserving the Đông Sơn
culture of the ancient Vietnamese.
68
Tiếp
quản/nắm
quyền kiểm
soát
Take over /ˈ teɪ koʊ və r/ When Khúc Thừa Dụ failed in 931, Dương Đinh
Nghệ took over.
69 Vợ lẽ
Thiếp Concubine (n) /ˈ kɑ ː ŋkjubaɪ n/
"I'd like to ride storms, kill sharks in the open sea,
drive out the aggressors, reconquer the country,
35
Nàng hầu undo the ties of serfdom, and never bend my back
to be the concubine of whatever man."
“Tôi chỉ muốn cưỡi cơn gió mạnh, đạp luồng sóng
dữ, chém cá trường kình ở biển Đông, lấy lại giang
sơn, dựng nền độc lập, cởi ách nô lệ, chứ không chịu
khom lưng làm tì thiếp cho người!”
70 Xâm mình Tattoo (v-n)
(pl. tattoos)
BrE /tə ˈ tuː /
NAmE /tæˈ tuː / They preserved the custom and traditions of
tooth dyeing, betel chewing and tattooing.
Room 4: Ngô – Đinh – Early Lê – Lý dynasties (939 – 1225)
THỜI NGÔ – ĐINH – TIỀN LÊ – LÝ
71 A Di Đà Amitabha /ə miˈ taː bə / *This is the statue of Amitabha Buddha displayed in
Phật Tích Pagoda of Bắc Ninh Province.
72 Ám sát Assassinate (v)
BrE
/ə ˈ sæsɪ neɪ t/
NAmE
/ə ˈ sæsə neɪ t/
The murder of Dinh Bo Linh in 979 brought a
six-year-old Prince to the throne. Meanwhile
the Sung dynasty had taken power in China
where order was restored. A Sung
expeditionary corps was sent to reconquer
Vietnam, which was also being attacked from
the south by the Cham.
After King Dinh Tien Hoang and the Crown
Prince Dinh Lien were assassinated, his
commander-in-chief Le Hoan was enthroned.
73 Bài thơ
Poem (n)
Poet (n) nhà
thơ/thi sĩ
BrE /ˈ pə ʊ ɪ m/
NAmE
/ˈ poʊ ə m/
General Lý Thường Kiệt, who defeated the Chinese
Song,wrote the poem considered as the first
Declaration of Independence of Vietnam.
36
Poetry (n)
thơ ca/thi vị
BrE /ˈ pə ʊ ɪ t/
NAmE /ˈ poʊ ə t/
74 Bản sao/hiện
vật làm lại Replica (n) /ˈ replɪ kə /
a replica of the Eiffel Tower
a replica of the Buddha
75 Buộc tội/kết
tội Accuse (v) /ə ˈ kjuː z/
Queen Y Lan, accused of ordering the assassination
of one of her rivals, spent the rest of her life building
100 pagodas to redeem herself.
76 Truyền cảm
hứng
Inspire (v)
Inspiration
(n)
/ɪ nˈ spaɪ ə r/
His confident leadership inspired his followers.
77
Chiếu (vua
ban)
Chỉ dụ
Sắc lệnh
Edict (n) /ˈ iː dɪ kt/
Edict on the Transfer of the Capital = Chiếu
Dời Đô
“This area is large and flat, high and bright,
the population are not suffering from floods
and darkness, everything is in full prosperity.
After investigating all lands of Vietnam, this
place is actually the gathering venue of people
from across the nation, the most appropriate
place for eternal capital positioning.
I want to take the most advantage from placing
the capital here. What do you think, the court
mandarins?”
Vùng này đất rộng mà bằng phẳng, thế đất cao
mà sáng sủa, dân cư không khổ cực tối tăm, vạn
vật tươi tốt phồn thịnh. Xem khắp nước Việt đó
37
là nơi thắng địa, thực là chỗ tụ hội quan yếu của
bốn phương, đúng là nơi thượng đô kinh sư mãi
muôn đời.
Trẫm muốn nhân địa lợi ấy mà định nơi ở, các
khanh nghĩ thế nào?
78 Chùa Một
Cột
(Diên Hựu)
One Pillar
Pagoda
/wʌ n/ /ˈ pɪ lə r/
/pə ˈ ɡ oʊ də /
Dien Huu Pagoda, commonly known as the One-
Pillar Pagoda and built in 1049, is a graceful
pavilion built on a stone pillar standing in the middle
of a pond, the whole complex resembling a lotus
flower in bloom.
79 Chuộc lỗi Redeem (v) /rɪ ˈ diː m/ His good points redeem his faults
80 Địch thủ Rival (n) /ˈ raɪ vl/ She has no rival in the field of romantic fiction.
81 Điện tiền chỉ
huy sứ Court General
/kɔ ː rt/
/ˈ dʒ enrə l/
When Le Hoan’s son, Le Long Dinh died in his
twenties, a Court General named Ly Cong Uan was
enthroned. He established the Ly dynasty lasting
from 1010 to 1225.
82 Đề cao/
Đánh giá
cao
Appreciate (v) /ə ˈ priː ʃ ieɪ t/ There’s no point buying him expensive wines – he
doesn’t appreciate them.
83 Ghi dấu Mark (v) /mɑ ː rk/
Ngo Quyen marked the end of the Chinese
domination by the victory at the Bach Dang River in
938.
84 Hoàng thành
Thăng Long
Imperial
Citadel of
Thang Long
/ɪ mˈ pɪ riə l/
/ˈ sɪ tə del/
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was first
built during the Lý Dynasty and subsequently
expanded by the Trần, Lê and finally the Nguyễn
Dynasty.
38
85 Hỗn độn
Lộn xộn Chaos (n)
BrE /ˈ keɪ ɒ s/
NAmE
/ˈ keɪ ɑ ː s
After Ngo Quyen’s death, Vietnam was in political
chaos and devastated by 12 Warlords.
86 Lãnh thổ
Territory (n)
(pl.
territories)
BrE /ˈ terə tri/
NAmE
/ˈ terə tɔ ː ri/
“Vietnam’s territory is controlled by Vietnam’s
Emperor;
It was determined by the Providence.
Any invader cannot occupy our country;
You will surely be defeated.”
Nam Quốc Sơn Hà
(Mountains and Rivers of the Southern
Country)
87 Lên ngôi Enthrone (v)
BrE /ɪ nˈ θrə ʊ n/
NAmE
/ɪ nˈ θroʊ n/
The Queen was enthroned in an ancient abbey.
88 Màu mỡ/phì
nhiêu Fertile (adj)
BrE /ˈ fɜ ː taɪ l/
NAmE /ˈ fɜ ː rtl/
a fertile region/valley
the product of a fertile brain/imagination/
mind
89 Mộc bản
Wood-block
= Wood-
engraving
/wʊ d/-
/ɪ nˈ ɡ reɪ vɪ ŋ/
This is the woodblock of the “Chieu Doi Do”
(“Edict on the Transfer of the Capital” written by
King Ly Cong Uan on the move of Vietnam’s
capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La – Hanoi at present)
90 Ngoại xâm
Kẻ xâm lược Invader (n) /ɪ nˈ veɪ də r/
Le Hoan then led the people against the Chinese Sung
invader and won the battle in 980.
91 Hoàng Thái
Tử Crown Prince /kraʊ n/ /prɪ ns/
The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown
princess.
39
92 Nhà chính
trị Politician (n) /ˌ pɑ ː lə ˈ tɪ ʃ n/
Ly Thuong Kiet was the architect of the victory. He
was a great politician who knew how to win the
hearts of the people and inspire his troops with
enthusiasm.
93 Nhà Tống
Chinese Sung /
Sung (Song)
dynasty
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/
/sʌ ŋ/
Song dynasty, Wade-Ciles Romanization Sung (960-
1279), Chinese dynasty that ruled the country during
one of its most brilliant cultural epochs.
94 Nho giáo Confucianism /kə nˈ fjuː ʃ ə nɪzə m/
*In the Ly Dynasty, Confucianism was highly
appreciated.
appreciate somebody/something
His talents are not fully appreciated in that
company.
Her family doesn't appreciate her.
Thanks for coming. I appreciate it.
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.
appreciate somebody doing something
We would appreciate you letting us know of any
problems.
95 Phật giáo Buddhism (n) /ˈ bʊ dɪ zə m/
During the Lý Dynasty, Buddhism was the national
religion. Many beautiful pagodas were built, some
of them have beenpreserved up to the present day,
such as One Pillar Pagoda in Hanoi built in 1041
and Keo Pagoda in Thai Binh Province.
96 Quốc Tử
Giám
The royal
college
/ˈ rɔ ɪ ə l/
/ˈ kɑ ː lɪ dʒ /
In the Ly Dynasty, the Van Mieu (the Temple of
Literature) was built in 1070 by King Ly Thanh Tong
40
to worship Khong Tu/ Confucius, and the Quoc Tu
Giam (the royal college) was built in 1076.
97 Thăng Long
≠
Hạ Long
Ascending
Dragon
≠
Descending
Dragon
/ə ˈ send/
/ˈ dræɡ ə n/
/dɪ ˈ sendɪ ŋ/
/ˈ dræɡ ə n/
Ly Cong Uan, then called King Ly Thai To, moved
the capital city from Hoa Lu to present Hanoi and
renamed it Thang Long (Ascending Dragon).The
country was renamed Dai Viet.
98
Thập đạo
tướng quân
= Tổng tư
lệnh
Commander-
in-chief
(abbreviation
C.-in-C.)
/kə ˈ mændə r/
/tʃ iː f/
After winning victory and ascending the throne, King
Dinh Tien Hoang appointed Le Hoan (as)
Commander – in – chief.
99 Trận đánh Battle (n) /ˈ bætl/ This is the model of the battle against the Chinese
Sung at the Cau River in 1077.
100 Tuyên
bố/công bố Declare (v)
BrE /dɪ ˈ kleə (r)/
NAmE /dɪ ˈ kler/
In 968, Dinh Bo Linh defeated the twelve lords and
unified the country. He declared himself King and
named the country Dai Co Viet. This name remained
throughout the Dinh Dynasty (968-980), Pre-Le
Dynasty (980-1009) and the beginning of Ly Dynasty
(1010-1225).
101 Tuyên ngôn
độc lập
Declaration of
Independence
/ˌ deklə ˈ reɪ ʃ n/
/ˌ ɪ ndɪ ˈ pendə n
s/
The Declaration of Independence of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed by Uncle Ho on
the 2nd of September, 1945 in Hanoi’s Ba Dinh
Square.
102 Văn Miếu The Temple of
Literature
/ˈ templ/
/ˈ lɪ trə tʃ ə r/
The Temple of Literature opened not only for
Mandarin’s children but also for the local people in
1253.
41
103 Vùng đồng
bằng
Lowland
Delta (n)
/ˈ loʊ lə nd/
/ˈ deltə / The Red River Delta = Đồng bằng sông Hồng
104 Vùng núi Mountainous
(adj) /ˈ maʊ ntə nə s/
During this time, the capital city was moved from the
mountainous region Hoa Lư – Ninh Bình Province
to Thang Long – the fertile area.
Room 5: Trần – Hồ dynasties (1226 – 1407)
THỜI TRẦN – HỒ
105 Chuyển giao
(quyền lực) Handover (v)
BrE
/ˈ hændə ʊ və (r)/
NAmE
/ˈ hændoʊ və r/
At the end of the Lý Dynasty, the Queen Lý Chiêu
Hoàng got married to Trần Cảnh and handed over the
throne to her husband.
106 Cọc Stake (n) /steɪ k/
These are the wooden stakes in 13th century. They
were planted on Bạch Đằng River bed for breaking
out Mongols – Yuan aggressor’s warships.
107 Đế/bệ đỡ Base (n) /beɪ s/
Pho Minh Tower, built in 1305, is 14 stories high
with the lowest two levels made of stone and the
rest of brick.
The base was shaped like a lotus flower emerging
from the water.
108 Hịch tướng
sĩ
Call of
Soldiers
(Appeal = yêu
cầu khẩn)
/ə ˈ piː l/
When the country was invaded by the Mongols,
General Tran Hung Dao, wrote a Call of Soldiers
which is one of the jewels in the treasury of our
national literature:
“I can neither eat nor sleep, my heart aches, and
tears trickle down from my eyes; I am enraged at
42
being unable yet to tear the enemy to pieces, pluck
out his liver, taste his blood.”
109 Kho tàng
Kho báu Treasure (n) /'treʤə / The museum houses many priceless treasures.
110
Làm giận
điên điên/nổi
khùng
Enrage (v)
Enraged (adj) /ɪ nˈ reɪ dʒ /
Plans to build a new night club in the neighborhood
have engraged local residents.
111 Mạnh
mẽ/mạnh liệt Vigorous (adj) /ˈ vɪ ɡ ə rə s/
During this 400-year period the country experienced
vigorous development in many fields.
112 Nước Mông
Cổ
Mongolia (n)
Mongol: người
Mông Cổ
During the Tran Dynasty, the Mongols invaded Dai
Viet 3 times and they were all defeated.
113 Phái thiền Zen Sect /zen/ /sekt/
Buddhism was considered the national religion of
the Tran dynasty.
In 1307, the Truc Lam Zen Sect of Buddhism was
founded by King Tran Nhan Tong.
114 Răng nanh Fang (n) /fæŋ/
The Tran dragon differs from the Ly with its short
fangs, sticking out horns and holding a pearl in its
mouth.
In generally, the Tran Dynasty’s dragon is strong
and the Ly Dynasty’s dragon is soft.
115
Thao
túng/thủ
đoạn/điều
khiển
Maneuver (v-
n)
=Manoeuvre
/mə ˈ nuː və r/
Due to the maneuvering of Trần Thủ Độ, Queen Lý
Chiêu Hoàng abdicated the throne in favor of her
husband Trần Cảnh (Trần Thái Tông King),
beginning a dynasty that lasted 175 years.
43
116 Thoái vị/từ
ngôi Abdicate (v) /ˈ æbdɪ keɪ t/
The King abdicated the throne when he was 35 and
spent the rest of his life on Yen Tu Mountain
practising and propagating Buddhism.
117 Thủy triều Tide (n) /taɪ d/
At high tide, when the stakes remained hidden, he
sent out small boats to lure Mongols’ warships to
the trap.
118
Truyền
bá/phổ biến
rộng rãi
Propagate (v) /ˈ prɑ ː pə ɡ eɪ t/
Televion advertising propagates a false image of the
ideal family.
Room 6: Champa culture (2nd – 17th centuries)
VĂN HÓA CHĂMPA
119
Ảnh
hưởng/chi
phối
Influence (v-n) /ˈ ɪ nfluə ns/
Under the influence of Indian religions, the Cham
worship Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. In the 11th
century, Islam was also a factor in Champa life.
120 Bảo vệ / hộ
Protect (v)
Protection
(n)
Protector
(n)
/prə ˈ tekt/
Vishnu is one of the principal Hindu deities,
worshiped as the protector and preserver of the
world.
121 Bò thần
(Nadin) Sacred Cow /ˈ seɪ krɪ d/ /kaʊ /
In the oldest religion of the world, Hinduism, the
cow is thought to be sacred, or deeply respected.
122 Chim thần
Garuda Garuda
Garuda is a vehicle of Vishnu (one of the three gods
of Hinduism) and the enemy of the snake Naga.
44
(vật cưỡi của
thần Vishnu)
In Champa sculpture, Garuda and Naga are often
manifested in the position that Garuda is swallowing
Naga snake in a fierce look.
123 Hủy diệt
Destroy (v)
Destruction
(n)
/dɪ ˈ strɔ ɪ /
/dɪ ˈ strʌ kʃ n/
Most of the old part of the city was destroyed by
bombs during the war.
124 Linga
A Male’s
penis
= Yang
/meɪ l/ /ˈ piː nɪ s/
The symbol of Shiva is the Linga which is also a
manifestation of a trinity with Shiva represented by
the rounded head, Vishnu by the 8-sided mid-section
and Brahma the 4-sided lower section.
125 Phúc thần
(Ganesha)
Lord of
Success
(The Hindu
Elephant-
Deity)
The elephant-
headed God
/lɔ ː rd/ /ə v/
/sə kˈ ses/
Ganesha, son of Shiva and Parvati, is represented in
human form with an elephant head and a very large
belly which has burst due to over-eating and which
had to be held together by the snake Naduki.
126 Rưới/rắc/rải/
tưới Sprinkle (v-n) /ˈ sprɪ ŋkl/
On the festival, the leading monk takes the bottle of
holy water mixed with incense to sprinkle god status
(statues made of stone is under the form of
Mukhalinga – linga human face form.)
127 Sáng tạo
Create (v)
Creation (n)
Creative
(adj)
/kriˈ eɪ t/
/kriˈ eɪ ʃ n/
/kriˈ eɪ tɪ v/
/kriˈ eɪ ʃ nɪ zə m
/
Shiva is honoured as the highest god by the Cham
people. Shiva is a god of destruction as well as
creation that protects the Cham people. Shiva is
often presented as a male god with three eyes. The
third eye in the middle of the forehead represents
45
Creationism
(n) = thuyết
sáng tạo
the sun, the moon and earthly fire, and is capable of
seeing the past, present and future.
128 Thánh địa Holy Land /ˈ hoʊ li/ /lænd/
In 1999, the complex known as “The Holy Land of
Mỹ Sơn” was recognized by UNESCO as a world
heritage site.
129 Thờ cúng Worship (v-n) /ˈ wɜ ː rʃ ɪ p/
Under the influence of Indian religions, the Cham
worship Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. In the 11th
century, Islam was also a factor in Champa life.
130 Tín ngưỡng
phồn thực
Lingaism (n)
= Breeding/
Fertility Belief
N/A
“Breeding Fertility” Belief / Lingaism is a form of
human belief that came into being in the past in
order to encourage mankind birth, zin-zang sexual
intercourse and the maintainance.
131 Văn hóa
Culture (n)
Cultural
(adj)
/ˈ kʌ ltʃ ə r/
/ˈ kʌ ltʃ ə rə l/
132 Yoni
A Female’s
reproductive
organ
= Yin
/ˈ fiː meɪ l/
/ˌ riː prə ˈ dʌ ktɪv/ /ˈ ɔ ː rɡ ə n/
The Yoni form in Cham culture is also diverse:
rectangular, squared, round shapes or decoration
shaped like women’s breasts symbolise femininity.
Room 7: Oc Eo culture (1st – 7th centuries)
VĂN HÓA ÓC EO
133 Cảng thị Port (n) /pɔ ː rt/ any port in a storm = (saying) if you are in
great trouble, you take any help that is offered
46
(chết đuối vớ được cọc/ méo mó có hơn
không)
134 Có hai đầu Bicephalous
(adj) /bai'sefə lə s/
A gemstone bicephalous earring (khuyên tai hai
đầu) is attached to the area behind the left ear.
The earring also shows that 2500 years ago in Can
Gio jewelry was used widely.
135 Đá quý Gemstone /ˈ dʒ emstoʊ n/
Gemstone beads from the Dong Nai Culture date
back to 2,500 years ago. They were excavated in
Can Gio District in 1995.
136 Điệu bộ, cử
chỉ Gesture (n) /ˈ dʒ estʃ ə r/
Buddha stands on a lotus throne, draped in a robe
which opens at the shoulders, the left hand holds the
fold of the robe while the right hand is in a gesture
of blessing.
137 Hàm/quai
hàm
Jaw
Top/Upper
jaw = hàm
trên
Bottom/Low
er jaw = hàm
dưới
/dʒ ɔ ː /
This is the skull of a male aged about 30-40 years
and shows a complete set of teeth on the upper and
lower jaws.
47
138 Hộp sọ Skull (n) /skʌ l/
This is the skull of a male aged about 30-40 years
and shows a complete set of teeth on the upper and
lower jaws.
139 Khố dài Dhoti BrE /ˈ də ʊ ti/
NAmE /ˈ doʊ ti/ Indian folk dancers dressed in dhotis.
140
Linga có
khắc mặt
thần Siva
Mukhalinga /Miu:kə /
Mukhalinga is a linga with one or more
human faces.
The linga represents Shiva.
The representation of mukhalinga originated
in India and came to the Southern Vietnam
after the Funan period. The image of Shiva is
carved in great details including eyes, nose,
mouth, hair and earrings. The sacred
mukhalinga is placed in the central hall for
worship.
141 Ốc xà cừ Conch (n) /kɑ ː ntʃ / Try the peppered scallops, shrimp, conch and whole
fish dishes in Hong Kong styles.
48
142 Quả cầu Sphere (n) BrE /sfɪ ə (r)/
NAmE /sfɪ r/
Golf balls, though they are covered with
dimples, they are approximately spheres, not
perfectly.
143 Thương mại Commercial
(n-adj) /kə ˈ mɜ ː rʃ l/
The 450ha Oc Eo relic is located in the area of Sap
– Ba The Mountain, Thoai Son district, An Giang
Province. The relic was first excavated by French
archaeologist Louis Malleret in 1944 and is believed
to have been a prosperous commercial port of the
once-powerful Phu Nam kingdom 2,000 years ago.
144
Tôn
sùng/sùng
kính
Revere (v) BrE /rɪ ˈ vɪ ə (r)/
NAmE /rɪ ˈ vɪ r/
Unlike Champa where the Shiva God was revered,
Lower Chenla (Thủy Chân Lạp) worshipped only
Vishnu, god of preservation.
Statues of Vishnu are presented in a standing
position, the lower body wrapped in a dhoti or
sampot, the 4 hands hold a club, a conch shell, a
horn and a sphere.
Room 8: Buddhist statues from various Asian countries
TƯỢNG PHẬT MỘT SỐ NƯỚC CHÂU Á
145 Cây bồ đề Pipal (Tree)
=Bodhi Tree /ˈ pi:pl/
This representation is based on a story from Buddhist
legend: In his old age, while in the forest where there
was a twin Pipal tree, Sakyamuni said to Ananda
“Let us set up a hammock with the head pointing
toward the north. At midnight I will enter nirvana.”
49
Ananda hung the hammock between two Pipal trees.
Buddha lay on the hammock, with his head pointing
towards the north and one leg resting on the other in
a position that aims to generate a clear-sighted spirit.
Thus Buddha entered nirvana.
146 Điện thờ Sanctuary (n) /ˈ sæŋktʃ ueri/ Women were forbidden to enter the sanctuary in
Myanmar.
147 Đứa bé Infant (n) /ˈ ɪ nfə nt/ She was seriously ill as an infant.
148 Lộ ra Reveal (v) /rɪ ˈ viː l/
Statue of Buddha in Nirvana is represented lying
sideway, wearing a monk’s robe that reveals the
right shoulder.
149 Niết bàn Nirvana (n)
BrE
/nɪ ə ˈ vɑ ː nə /
NAmE
/nɪ rˈ vɑ ː nə /
The term “nirvana” is most commonly associated
with Buddhism, and representsits ultimate state of
soteriological release and liberation from rebirths in
samsara.
150
Phật bà
Quan Âm
nghìn mắt
nghìn tay
Buddha with a
thousand eyes
and hands
Thousand
hand Guan
Yin
N/A
From the 15th century, Buddhism had substantial
impact on the spiritual life of the Vietnamese and
was a source of inspiration for several excellent
architectural projects and sculptures such as But
Thap pagoda (Bac Ninh), and the wooden statue of
Buddha with a thousand eyes and hands/ the
thousand hand Guan Yin.
50
151 Phật Đản
Sanh
Buddha at
Birth
(Infant
Buddha)
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə t/
/bɜ ː rθ/
The Infant Buddha statue is common in the
Vietnamese pagoda.
Presented as an infant wrapped in a short skirt it
stands on a lotus throne.
The left hand points toward the sky while the right
hand points toward the earth in a gesture indicating
Yin and Yang in harmony.
152 Phật Di Lặc
Buddha of the
Future/
Maitreya
Buddha
= Laughing
Buddha
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə v/
/ðə /
/ˈ fjuː tʃ ə (r)/
In the 18th-19th centuries, the Buddhist sanctuary
became more crowded with multiple statues of
Buddhas and other deities including The
fat,laughing Buddha of the future, the Arhats, and
the appearance of Infant Sakyamuni with Nine
Dragons.
This was particularly the case in Northern Vietnam
pagodas.
153 Quan Thế
Âm
Goddess of
Mercy
(Guan Yin)
/ˈ ɡ ɒ də s/ /ə v/
/ˈ mɜ ː rsi/
Goddess of Mercy is considered as a Guardian
Angel of Buddhism. She can heal those who aresick
in the heart and body.
51
154 Thần Deity (n)
(pl. deities)
/ˈ deɪ ə ti/ or
/ˈ diː ə ti/
To the ancient Greeks, Zeus was the deity who ruled
over the sky and weather, and Poseidon was god of
the sea.
155 Thích Ca
Mâu Ni
Sakyamuni (n)
Gautama
Buddha
Buddhism was founded by Sakyamuni in northern
India around the 6th century B.C.
After Sakyamuni attained nirvana, Buddhism spread
everywhere:
In the North: Mahayana Buddhism went to
Tibet, and Central Asia to China, Vietnam,
Korea and Japan,
In the South: Theravada Buddhism went to Sri
Lanka, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
156 Tượng Statue (n) /ˈ stætʃ uː /
Chinese/Japanese/Thai/Cambodian/Vietnames
e Buddha Statues
Statue of Buddha in Nirvana
Infant Sakyamuni Statue
Room 9: Posterior Lê – Mạc – Lê Trịnh – Nguyễn Lords dynasties (1428 – 1788)
THỜI LÊ SƠ – MẠC – LÊ TRỊNH & CHÚA NGUYỄN
157 Bản tuyên
ngôn
Manifesto (n)
(pl.
manifestos)
BrE
/ˌ mænɪ ˈ festə ʊ/ NAmE
/ˌ mænɪ ˈ festoʊ /
The 2nd Manifesto of Independence by Nguyen
Trai.
158 Bia đá Stone stele /stoʊ n/ /ˈ stiː lɪ / In the Van Mieu, the stone steles were erected in
honor of excellent examinees.
52
159 Bình vôi Lime Pot /laɪ m/ /pɒ t/
This is a common Chu Đậu ceramic form of lime pot.
Chu Dau ceramic was discovered and developed
from the Tran, Le, Mac dynasties, and had its most
prosperous time from 15th - 17th centuries.
160 Chân dung Portrait (n)
BrE /ˈ pɔ ː treɪ t/,
/ˈ pɔ ː trə t/
NAmE
/ˈ pɔ ː rtrə t/
This is the portrait of Nguyen Trai, who wrote the
Great Proclamation considered to be the 2nd
Manifesto/Declaration of Independence of Vietnam.
161
Chia
cắt/phân
chia
Partition (v-n) /pɑ ː rˈ tɪ ʃ n/
Nguyen Hoang declared himself Lord in Phu Xuan in
1600 and the civil war between the Trinh and Nguyen
families broke out until 1674 when Dai Viet was
eventually partitioned.
162 Chiếm ưu
thế
Predominate
(v)
/prɪ ˈ dɑ ː mɪ ne
ɪ t/
At that time, Confucianism predominated.
163
Chúa
Nguyễn
Chúa Trịnh
Nguyen Lord
Trinh Lord /lɔ ː rd/
In 1673 the Trinh Lord, Trinh Tac concludes a peace
treaty with the Nguyen Lord, Nguyen Phuc Tan, and
so Vietnam was divided between the two ruling
families. This division continued for the next 100
years.
53
164 Con nuôi
Adopted
child/son/daug
hter
/ə ˈ dɒ ptɪ d/ They’re got two adopted children and one of their
own.
165 Cuộc chinh
phạt Conquest (n)
BrE /ˈ kɒ ŋkwest/
NAmE
/ˈ kɑ ː ŋkwest/
In 1471, King Le Thanh Tong finished the conquest
of Champa. The country was expanded to the South.
166 Dựng nên/
xây dựng
Build (v)
Erect (v)
/bild/
/ɪ ˈ rekt/
167
Giải
phóng/phòn
g thích
Liberate (v) /ˈ lɪ bə reɪ t/
Le Loi, the founder of the Le dynasty, is one of the
most celebrated heroes in the country. He liberated
the country from Chinese Ming domination in 1428.
168 Khôi phục/
Phục hồi Recover (v) /rɪ ˈ kʌ və r/
It took a long time for economy to recover after the
slump.
169 Làm mất ổn
định Destabilize (v)
/ˌ diː ˈ steɪ bə la
ɪ z/ The conflict destabilized the whole region.
170 Lãnh
đạo/dẫn dắt
Lead – led –
led (v) /liː d/-/led/-/led/
Le Loi led the Lam Son defeating the Ming and
established the Le Dynasty in 1428 which lasted until
1788, the longest reign in Vietnam’s history.
171 Mở rộng Expand (v) /ɪ kˈ spænd/
During the Le Dynasty, the country continued to be
expanded.
172 Nhà Minh
(TQ)
Ming Chinese/
dynasty
/mɪ ŋ /
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/
In the early 15th century, when the Tran Dynasty was
overthrown by the Ho, the Ming Chinese/ dynasty
invaded Dai Viet.
54
173 Nổi loạn
Rebel (v)
Rebellion
(n)
/reˈ bel/
/rɪ ˈ beljə n/
When the Mac overthrew the Le in 1527, a former
official in the Le Court, Nguyen Kim rebelled
against the Mac and recovered the Le power.
174 Quan lại/
Viên chức Mandarin (n) /ˈ mændə rɪ n/
The Temple of Literature opened not only for
Mandarin’s children but also for the local people in
1253.
175
Sự thừa
nhận/công
nhận
Recognition
(n) /ˌ rekə ɡ ˈ nɪ ʃ n/
During the Le Dynasty, the Complete History was
written by Ngo Sy Lien. The Hong Duc legal Code
was announced. Hong Duc code was based on
Chinese law but included distinctly Vietnamese
features, such as recognition of the higher position
of women.
176 Sự tranh đua Rivalry (n) /ˈ raɪ vlri/
Beginning in 1527, Vietnam came under the control
of two families, the Trinh Lord, dominant in the
North, and the Nguyen Lord in the Southern part.
Their military and political rivalry destabilized the
Le dynasty and brought its end in 1788.
Room 10: The cannons (18th – 19th centuries)
SÚNG THẦN CÔNG
55
177
178 Đúc (súng),
nấu chảy
Cast (v)
BrE /kɑ ː st/
NAmE /kæst/
Initially, cannons were cast in bronze, and later in
iron or pig-iron.
56
179 Gang Pig-iron (n) /pɪ ɡ /-/ˈ aɪ ə rn/ Pig iron is the first step of processing as aresult of
smelting the raw one.
180 Giải thoát Release (v) /rɪ ˈ liː s/
In Saigon the French turned the barrels of 12 captured
cannons (10 Thắng Uy (means: Authority of
victory), 1 Hùng Uy (Authority of hero) and 1 Vũ
Công (feat of arms) to the ground and chained them
along the river bank at the end of Catinat Street (now
Đồng Khởi) until 1936 when these cannons were
released to the Blanchard de la Brosse Museum
(present day Museum of History in Hồ Chí Minh
City).
57
181 Hỏa lực Firepower (n) /ˈ faɪ ə rpaʊ ə r/ The company has enormous financial firepower.
182
Kích
thước/cỡ/kh
ổ
Dimension (n)
= Size (n)
/daɪ ˈ menʃ n/
/dɪ ˈ menʃ n/
Cannons are often of large dimensions and of a
heavy weight.
183 Máy bắn
đá/nỏ Catapult (n) /ˈ kætə pʌ lt/
184 Niên đại Date (n) /deɪ t/ What is the date of this cannon?
58
185 Nòng (súng)
Cỡ nòng Bore (n)
BrE /bɔ ː (r)/
NAmE /bɔ ː r/ a twelve-bore shotgun
186 Pháo/pháo
binh Artillery (n)
BrE /ɑ ː ˈ tɪ lə ri/
NAmE
/ɑ ː rˈ tɪ lə ri/
The town is under heavy artillery fire.
Heavy artillery = trọng pháo
187
Phát
minh/sáng
chế
Invent (v)
Invention
(n)
/ɪ nˈ vent/
/ɪ nˈ venʃ n/
-It was not until the 14th century that the Europeans
learned the gun powder technology from China, and
from the Chinese fire crackers they invented the
cannon, a fire power capable of destroying the
enemies from afar.
188
Súng thần
công
Đại bác
Cannon (n) /ˈ kænə n/
The Nine Holy Cannons = Cửu Vị Thần Công
On January 1st 1803, Emperor Gia Long
ordered all bronze wares of the Tay Son
dynasty to be collected and melt into nine
cannons.
The Nine Holy Cannons are the tourist
attractions in the citadel of Hue
Luân xa pháo: Cannon on wheels
189 Thuốc súng Gunpowder
(n) /ˈ ɡ ʌ npaʊ də r/
-In the late 14th century, Hồ Nguyên Trừng was the
first person in Vietnam to make cannon known as
“Thần cơ sang pháo”/ “Eruptor” cannon which used
gun powder.
190 Xích/trói Chain (v) /tʃ eɪ n/ It’s so cruel to keep a pony chained up like that all
the time.
Room 11: Tay Son dynasty (1771 – 1802)
59
THỜI TÂY SƠN
191 Băng hà
Qua đời Pass away
BrE /pɑ ː s/
/ə ˈ weɪ /
NAmE /pæs/
/ə ˈ weɪ /
Emperor Quang Trung passed away in 1792.
192 Cải cách Innovate (v) /ˈ ɪ nə veɪ t/
193 Chính sách Policy (n)
(pl. policies)
BrE /ˈ pɒ lə si/
NAmE
/ˈ pɑ ː lə si/
Quang Trung Nguyen Hue, the fouder of the Tay Son
dynasty, implemented progressive innovations and
policies on land and education but he passed away in
1792.
194 Chứng minh
thư
Identity Card
= ID Card
/aɪ ˈ dentə ti/
/kɑ ː rd/
Emperor Quang Trung introduced the identity card
system to govern the large population.
195
Đoạt
lấy/Xâm
chiếm
Conquer (v)
BrE /ˈ kɒ ŋkə (r)/
NAmE
/ˈ kɑ ː ŋkə r/
Nguyễn Ánh later returned to the Mekong Delta to
fight Tây Sơn. Tây Sơn was defeated in 1802 and
Nguyễn Ánh conquered Phú Xuân Land.
196 Hệ thống
chữ viết Script /skrɪ pt/
Emperor Quang Trung expanded foreign trade
for the economic development. He also
encouraged people to use of national script –
Nôm language.
Emperor Quang Trung set up a new system of
administration and replaced the traditional
Chinese script with the Vietnamese Chữ Nôm(
literally Southern characters) as the official
written language of the country.
60
197 Nhà Thanh Qing Chinese /tʃ in/
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/
Nguyen Hue then continued to defeat the Trinh Lords
and the Le Kings who asked for help from the Qing
Chinese in the North and reunified the country in
1789.
198 Nổ ra/diễn
ra
Break out
(phrasal verb)
In 1771, the Tay Son rebellion led by the 3 brothers
Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Hue, Nguyen Lu broke out
in Binh Dinh province.
199 Nông nghiệp Agriculture (n) /ˈ æɡ rɪ kʌ ltʃ ə r/
In the economic field, Nguyen Hue also carried out
many policies to restore the economy, first of all
agriculture which had fallen into serious decline, to
strengthen the small farmers economy in order to
pave the way for (mở đường cho…) the
development of the goods economy.
200
Sự nhũng
nhiễu/tham
nhũng
Corruption (n)
Corrupt
(v)
/kə ˈ rʌ pʃ n/ During the 9th Nguyễn Lord, the locals were very
poor and unhappy because of the corruption.
201 Xiêm La Siamese /ˈ saɪ ə miː z/
In 1785, Nguyen Hue defeated the Nguyen Lords
who were supported by the Siamese
in the South.
Room 12: Nguyen dynasty (1802 – 1945)
NHÀ NGUYỄN
61
202 Bức bình
phong
Folding Screen
(n)
/ˈ foʊ ldɪ ŋ/
/skriː n/
203 Chiến hạm Warship /ˈ wɔ ː rʃ ɪ p/
The engravings on the nine incense burners at the
Hue Citadel show the famous warships of the
Nguyen’s naval power at the time.
204 Chủ nghĩa
bành trướng
Expansionism
(n)
Expand
(v)
/ɪ kˈ spænʃ ə nɪ z
ə m/
/ɪ kˈ spænd/
In the mid 19th century when the European
expansionism grew, the French fired the first shots
to open the invasion of Việt Nam in Đà Nẳng
205 Con dấu Seal (n) /siː l/
The heaviest seal, Hoang De Ton Than Chi Bao/ the
On orders of the Emperor was used to stamp on
documents of the Nguyen kings.
206 Di sản Heritage (n) /ˈ herɪ tɪ dʒ / In 1993 the Huế Imperial Citadel was recognized by
UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
207 Hậu duệ Descendant (n) /dɪ ˈ sendə nt/
In 1802, after he defeated the forces of Tay Son,
Nguyen Anh, who was a descendant of Nguyen
Lords, unified the country and established the
Nguyen dynasty.
208 Kênh đào Canal (n) /kə ˈ næl/ In the French time, in 1861, the hero Nguyen Trung
Truc burned down the L’Espe’rance Warship at Nhat
62
Tao canal. He was famous for the statement: “Only
when all the grass in Vietnam has been pulled out
then only will there be no Vietnamese to fight the
aggressors”
209 Khảm/dát
vào
Inlay (v)
= Inlaid
(V2&V3)
/ˌ ɪ nˈ leɪ /
/ˌ ɪ nˈ leɪ d/
inlay A (with B) | inlay B (in/into A)
Ex: The lid of the box had been inlaid with silver.
Ex: Gold and silver had been inlaid into the lid of
the box.
210 Long bào
Imperial
mantle (King’s
Robe)
/ɪ mˈ pɪ ə riə l/
/ˈ mæntl/
To make an imperial mantle, artisans of Dong Cuu
village have worked for a year.
211 Móng (rồng) Dragon’s Claw /ˈ dræɡ ə n/
/klɔ ː /
Images of the Dragon King have 5 claws, while
images of lesser dragons have only 4 claws.
212 Nhạc cụ Musical
instruments
/ˈ mjuː zɪ kl/
/ˈ ɪ nstrə mə nt/
Vietnamese musical instruments can be divided
into four groups:
Plucked Strings
Bowed Strings
Winds
Percussion:
63
213 Phạm vi/
quy mô Extent (n) /ɪ kˈ stent/
During this time, the country was expanded to the
greatest extent and the foreign trade was opened with
Europe, India and Indonesia.
214
Suy
tàn/xuống
dốc
Decline (n-v) /dɪ ˈ klaɪ n/
Due to the decline of Tay Son Dynasty in the late
18th century, Nguyen Anh – a descendant of the
Nguyen Lords took revenge.
After defeating against the Tay Son, he established
the Nguyen Dynasty which lasted from 1802 to 1945.
215 Thời gian trị
vì/thống trị Reign (n-v) /reɪ n/
The capital city was moved to Hue, where the
Nguyen Dynasty reigned through 13 kings. The
country was renamed Viet Nam under the reign of
Minh Mang.
216 Thương mại
Mậu dịch Trade (n) /treɪ d/
The two countríes have signed a trade agreement for
one year only.
217 Trả thù/rửa
hận Revenge (n-v) /rɪ ˈ vendʒ /
Revenge is a dish which is best served cold.
218 Xà cừ Mother-of-
pearl
/ˈ mʌ ðə r/
/pɜ ː rl/
There are actually 3 kinds of lacquerware: Mother –
of – pearl, eggshell, painting or any of the
combination of these three.
Room 13: Cambodia stone carvings (9th – 13th centuries)
ĐIÊU KHẮC ĐÁ CAMPUHIA
219
Điêu
khắc/chạm
trổ
Sculpture (n-v) /ˈ skʌ lptʃ ə r/
Hinduism became Cambodia's official religion
during this period of time and remained the official
religion until the 12th century AD. Many of the
sculptures from this period of time were made to
64
represent the three Gods in the Hindu religion. That
is, Brahma (the creator), Shiva (the destroyer), and
Vishnu (the preserver).
220 Láng giềng
Neighbour (n)
(especially US
English:
neighbor)
BrE /ˈ neɪ bə (r)/
NAmE
/ˈ neɪ bə r/
Kingdom Cambodia is a neighbouring country to the
southwest of Vietnam with which has a long
historical and cultural relationship.
221 Lồi ra/phình
lên
Bulging (adj)
= Bulgy /ˈ bʌ ldʒ ɪ ŋ/
Large colorful statue of Buddhist deity Kala with
bulging eyes in front of temple in Cambodia.
222
Mối hận
thù/hiềm
khích
Feud (n) /fjuː d/
According to Indian legend, Garuda and Naga are in
a death feud as Naga killed Garuda’s mother.
223 Nữ thần
Apsara Apsara N/A
Apsara is a traditional dance of Cambodia
called “Robam Apsara”.
The images of Apsara dancers were endless
materials for stone sculpture art in Cambodia.
224 Quần/Váy
Sam-pát Sampot (n) N/A
The sampot is a long, rectangular cloth worn around
the lower body. It can be draped and folded in several
different ways.
225 Rực rỡ/
thịnh vượng Prosperous
BrE
/ˈ prɒ spə rə s/
NAmE
/ˈ prɑ ː spə rə s/
In the Angkor period (9th-13th centuries) the Khmer
culture and the Kingdom were at its most prosperous
time.
226 Rừng
nguyên sinh
Primeval
forests /praɪ ˈ miː vl/
Today Angkor is a complex of vestiges lying in an
old primeval forest to the northwest of the Tonle Sap
lake, about 7km to the north of Siem Reap.
65
227
Sắp xếp/chất
thành
đống/xếp
thành chồng
Stack (v) /stæk/
Here the carving is executed on 3 stacked blocks of
stone.
The Garuda is carved standing at one corner with a
full chest, bulging eyes, and its slightly hooked beak
tightly closed. Arms raised high above its head, it
holds the tail of the snake while its feet pin down the
neck of the snake. Its lower body is wrapped with a
sampot.
228 Thợ thủ
công Artisan (n)
BrE
/ˌ ɑ ː tɪ ˈ zæn/
NAmE
/ˈ ɑ ː rtə zn/
Recently, I visited the Angkor Conservation office
and I had the chance to see some of the artisans at
work who are making these replica heads outside the
south gate of Angkor Thom. The level of detail is
amazing!
229 Tinh xảo Elaborate (adj) /ɪ ˈ læbə rə t/ Stone is used for some of the more elaborate
carvings, such as the temple carvings at Angkor Wat.
230
Trói
chặt/Ghì
chặt
Pin
(somebody)
down
/pɪ n/ /daʊ n/ A large picture of the president was pinned on the
office wall.
231 Vương quốc Kingdom (n) /ˈ kɪ ŋdə m/
the United Kingdom
the Cambodia Kingdom
Idioms: till/until kingdom come (cho tới lúc
chết)
= for ever
Ex: He’ll talk till kingdom come if you let him.
Room 14: Asian ceramics
66
GỐM MỘT SỐ NƯỚC CHÂU Á
232 Bàn xoay
(gốm)
Ceramic
turn-table (n) /ˈ tɜ ː rnteɪ bl/
233 Bình/Chậu/
Vại/ Lọ Vessel (n) /ˈ vesl/
Vietnamese ceramics first appeared around 10,000
years ago during the New Stone Age in the Hòa Bình
– Bắc Sơn culture.
This period produced earthenware vessels (đồ đất
nung) with beautiful forms decorated with rich
geometrical designs used for storage.
234 Đa sắc
Polychrome
(n)
=
Polychromatic
≠
Monochromati
c
(đơn sắc)
/'pɔ likroum/
/,pɔ likrə 'mætik/
/ˌ mɑ ː nə kroʊ ˈmætɪ k/s
In the late 14th century to the early 15th century a
new development took place with the introduction of
blue-and-white painted ware which quickly attained
a high point at centres such as Chu Đậu and Bát
Tràng. In the 15th century Vietnamese blue-and-
whites and polychromes found export markets in
countries like Japan, island Southeast Asia, and in
the Middle East.
235 Đắm tàu Wreck (n) /rek/
The Hội An Wreck lies 22 miles off the coast of
central Vietnam in the East Sea. Discovered by
fishermen in the early 1990s, the ship was carrying a
large cargo of Vietnamese ceramics from the mid- to
late-15th century.
67
236 Đất sét Clay (n) /kleɪ /
Idioms: have feet of clay (to have a fault or
weakness in your character)
Ex: When the actor was imprisoned for drug
offences, his fans were upset to find that their hero
had feet of clay.
237 Đĩa / món ăn Dish (n) /dɪ ʃ /
This makes an excellent hot main dish.
I can recommend the chef's dish of the day.
Let’s see the Dish in Blue-and-white: the
interior feature a landscape with a pine tree,
Mount Fuji in the background covered in
snow. The rim is outlined with a fine yellow-
brown line.
238 Lò nung Kiln (n) /kɪ ln/
In the first half of the 5th century ceramic making
techniques from Korea were brought to Japan with
the turn-table and the tube kiln which enabled firing
at very high temperatures.
In Việt Nam, Japanese ceramics have been found in
ancient trading ports such as Phố Hiến (Hưng Yên),
Thanh Hà (Huế), and Hội An (Quảng Nam).
239 Màu ngọc
bích Celadon (n) /'selə dɔ n/
240 Men, nước
men Glaze (n) /ɡ leɪ z/ White/green/brown/celadon glaze.
68
241 Món hàng/
đồ gốm Wares (n) /weə (r)z/
It was once home to a factory for manufacturing
plastic ware.
242
Nét đặc biệt
Điểm đặc
trưng
Feature (n) /ˈ fiː tʃ ə r/
In the neighbouring countries of Việt Nam
ceramic production has had a long
development history.
Ceramics of each country have their own
individual national features, yet at the same
time they also have a certain connection with
Vietnamese ceramics.
243
Phỏng
theo/Thích
ứng
Adapt (v) /ə ˈ dæpt/
Ceramics was gradually adapted for use in fields
such as construction, spiritual beliefs, religions,
artworks, and in industry.
244 Thắt eo/thóp
lại ở eo
Waisted
Waist (n)
eo, thắt
lưng
/weɪ st/
A waisted vase = cái bình cổ lọ
A waisted coat = cái áo khoác thắt eo
A high-waisted garment = cái quần lưng cao
245 Thiết thực
Tiện dụng Utility (n-adj) /juː ˈ tɪ lə ti/
Ceramic production was a major invention of
humanity in the pre-historic time.
Almost all countries in the world, one after
another, have discovered this technology
which created utility wares that initially
served to store foods and drinks.
Room 15: The mummy in Xom Cai – HCM City
XÁC ƯỚP XÓM CẢI TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
69
246 Bùa hộ
mạng Amulet (n) /ˈ æmjʊ lə t/
= a piece of jewellery that some people wear
because they think it protects them from bad
luck, illness, etc.
Ancient tombs, especially the ones with
amulets, are always full of mystery that
science can’t fully explain
247
Còn nguyên
vẹn/không bị
sứt mẻ
Intact (adj) /ɪ nˈ tækt/
In the last days of January 1994, while clearing the
site archaeologists discovered a double grave built
with composite material containing a coffin holding
the intact body of a woman about 60 years of age,
1.52 m tall, and wrapped in many layers of cloth,
which had been soaked in a red-brown solution.
248 Dung dịch Solution (n) /sə ˈ luː ʃ n/ Body fluids are examples for complex liquid
solutions, containing many solutes.
249 Khai quật Excavate (v) /ˈ ekskə veɪ t/
The mummy was excavated in Xom Cai in HCMC's
District 5 in 1994 and buried in traditional
Vietnamese style: in a coffin with full of shroud and
goods, and soaked in red solution.
250 Ngâm/nhúng Soak (v) BrE /sə ʊ k/
NAmE /soʊ k/
Example mentioned-above
251
Sự phân
hủy/
thối rửa
Decompositio
n
/ˌ diː kɑ ː mpə ˈzɪ ʃ n/
The body, which was soaked in a solution (for
resistance against worms and decomposition) was
rolled in many layers of cloth and wore nine layers
of gowns.
70
252 Sự phục hồi
Sự nối lại Renewal (n)
BrE /rɪ ˈ njuː ə l/
NAmE
/rɪ ˈ nuː ə l/
Xóm Cải was one of the locations that required
renewal and its residents were relocated in the
process of upgrading the urban environment in Hồ
Chí Minh City.
253
Tầng lớp
trên/
thượng lưu
Upper-class /ˈ ʌ pə r/- /klæs/
The mummy of Tran Thi Hieu, who is believed to
have died in 1869 when she was around 60 years old,
was an upper-class Kinh lady.
254 Thuộc về
ngành Dược
Pharmaceutica
l
/ˌ fɑ ː mə ˈ suː t
ɪ kl/
/ˌ fɑ ː mə ˈ sjuː t
ɪ kl/
The mummy was taken to the HCMC Medical and
Pharmaceutical University’s Hospital for research
and later moved to the Vietnam History Museum for
preservation and display.
Every three months, experts from the hospital check
and maintain the mummy.
255 Vải liệm Shroud (n/v) /ʃ raʊ d/ The corpse was shrouded and surrounded by grave
goods, which was then soaked in red solutions.
256 Xác ướp Mummy (n) /ˈ mʌ mi/
an Egyptian mummy = xác ướp Ai Cập
This is the mummy of Tran Thi Hieu, who is
believed to have died in 1869 when she was
around 60 years old. She was an upper-class
Kinh lady.
Room 16: The Vuong Hong Sen collection
BỘ SƯU TẬP VƯƠNG HỒNG SỂN
71
257
Bình
Vò
Hũ
Vase (n)
BrE /vɑ ː z/
NAmE /veɪ s/ or
/veɪ z/ Ewer (n) /ˈ juː ə r/ = bình đựng nước
Love is like an antique vase; it’s hard to find,
hard to get, but easy to break.
Tình yêu cũng giống như một chiếc bình cổ:
khó tìm, khó có được, nhưng dễ vỡ.
258 Các tác
phẩm Writings /ˈ raɪ tɪ ŋz/
259 Canh
gác/giữ gìn
Safeguard (n-
v) /ˈ seɪ fɡ ɑ ː rd/
Before his death, he offered his collection of ceramic
objects and all his writings to the State in the sole
purpose to be fully able to protect them and to make
his contribution to the research and safeguarding of
national cultural heritage.
260 Công chức Civil/public
servant
/ˈ sɪ vl/ or
/ˈ pʌ blɪ k/
/ˈ sɜ ː rvə nt/
From 1923 to 1945, Vuong Hong Sen was
acivilservant for French colonial State in Saigon,
Can Tho and Soc Trang provinces and began to
collect antiquities.
261
Định
nghĩa/chỉ rõ
ra
Define (v) /dɪ ˈ faɪ n/
Owing to his collections, researchers can define
dates of other antiques.
72
262 Đồ cổ
Antique (n)
Antique
Dealer (n)
người buôn
đồ cổ
/ænˈ tiː k/
Born in Soc Trang in the South Vietnam,
Vuong Hong Sen was not only known as a
collector of antiquities but also a man of great
culture.
During his life, he collected more than 800
antiques from Vietnam, China, Japan,
Thailand, Cambodia.
263 Học giả Scholar (n)
BrE /ˈ skɒ lə (r)/
NAmE
/ˈ skɑ ː lə r/
Vuong Hong Sen is a famous scholar and antique
collector in Southern Vietnam.
264 Lư hương Incense burner
= Censer (n)
/ˈ ɪ nsens/
/ˈ bɜ ː rnə r/
= /ˈ sensə r/
A bronze incense burner from the 19th century.
265 Quản thủ
(thư viện) Librarian (n)
BrE
/laɪ ˈ breə riə n/
NAmE
/laɪ ˈ breriə n/
From 1947 to 1964, Vuong Hong Sen worked as a
librarian in the National Museum in Saigon (the
Museum of Vietnam History in Ho Chi Minh City
nowadays).
266 Quyên góp/
hiến tặng
Donate (v)
Donation
(n)
BrE /də ʊ ˈ neɪ t/
NAmE
/ˈ doʊ neɪ t/
An anonymous business woman donated one
million dollars to the charity.
267 Sự phối hợp Scheme (n) /skiː m/
During his life, he had the opportunity to collect more
than 800 ceramic objects among which were found in
a large number those with a decorative scheme of
blue and white and dated 18th or 19th century.
73
268 Sừng/chất
sừng Horn (n) /hɔ ː rn/
The antiques collection includes objects of
porcelain, bronze, wood, glass, ivory, horn, tortoise
shell, etc.
269 Về hưu
Retire (v)
Retirement
(n)
/rɪ ˈ taɪ ə r/
After his retirement, he went on collecting antiquities
and writing books.
Room 17: Minority cultures from Southern Provinces
VĂN HÓA CÁC DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ PHÍA NAM VIỆT NAM
270 Cao nguyên/
Vùng cao
Highland(s)
(n) /ˈ haɪ lə nd/
Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and
sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of
the regions of Vietnam. It includes the provinces of
Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng.
271 Cồng Gong /ɡ ɔ ː ŋ/ The space of gong culture in the Vietnam Highlands
= Không gian văn hóa Cồng Chiêng Tây Nguyên
272 Đa sắc tộc Multi-ethnic
(adj)
/ˌ mʌ ltiˈ ɛ θnɪ k/
/ˌ mʌ ltaɪ ˈ ɛ θn
ɪ k/
As a multi-ethnic country, Vietnam has 54
recognized ethnic groups.
273 Dân số Population (n) /ˌ pɑ ː pjuˈ leɪ ʃn/
The Vietnamese, or Kinh, make up 87 percent of
Vietnam's population.
274 Dân tộc Race
Ethic group
/reɪ s/
/ˈ eθnɪ k/
/ɡ ruː p/
There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, divided into
8 groups, according to their language system:
*Việt-Mường Group: Chứt, Kinh, Mường, Thổ.
*Tày-Thái Group: Bố Y, Giáy, Lào, Lự, Nùng, Sán
Chay, Tày, Thái.
74
*Mon-Khmer Group: Ba na, Brâu, Bru-Vân kiều,
Chơ-ro, Co, Cơ-ho, Cơ-tu, Cơ-tu, Gié-triêng, Hrê,
Kháng, Khmer, Khơ mú, Mạ, Mảng, M'Nông, Ơ-đu,
Rơ-măm, Tà-ôi, Xinh-mun, Xơ-đăng, Xtiêng.
*Mông-Dao Group: Dao, Mông, Pà Thẻn.
*Kađai Group: Cờ Lao, La Chí, La ha, Pu Péo.
*Austro-Polynenisian Group: Chăm, Chu-ru, Ê đê,
Gia-rai, Ra-glai.
*Chinese Group: Hoa, Ngái, Sán Dìu.
*Tibeto Group: Cống, Hà Nhì, La Hủ, Lô Lô, Phù
Lá, Si La.
275 Dụng cụ bẫy
cá Fish-trap /fɪ ʃ / /træp/
(Tại sao ko đưa hình bẫy cá?)
276 Nhà dài
Long House
(in central
highlandVietn
am)
/lɔ ː ŋ/ or /lɑ ː ŋ/
/haʊ s/
The longer the house is, the more prosperous the
family is. There are some very, very long houses
because girls of the 3rd or 4th generation are married
and live there.
75
277 Nhà rông
Communal
House
= the Rong
House
BrE /ˈ kɒ mjə nl/
/haʊ s/
NAmE
/kə ˈ mjuː nl/
The Rong House is the symbol of Kontum and Gia
Lai provinces in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
It is the place where village ceremonies and festivals
take place. It also serves as a court of justice and as a
meeting place where important decisions are being
made.
278 Nhà sàn House on stilts /stɪ lt/
The Mekong Delta province of An Giang is home to
some of the largest ethnic Cham communities in
Vietnam.
Cham people here live in stilt houses/ houses on
stilts.
279 Nông thôn Rural (adj) BrE /ˈ rʊ ə rə l/
NAmE /ˈ rʊ rə l/
The proportion of older people is increasing rapidly
in Vietnam. The majority of the elderly live in rural
areas.
280 Phân
bố/phân tán Scatter (v-n) /ˈ skætə r/
The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of the
country's population and mainly inhabit the Red
River delta, the central coastal delta, the Mekong
delta and major cities. The other 53 ethnic minority
groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered
over mountain areas (covering two-thirds of the
country's territory) spreading from the North to the
South.
281 Riêng biệt
Distinct (adj)
Distinction
(n)
/dɪ ˈ stɪ ŋkt/
Each ethnic minority group has its own distinct
culture and traditions.
76
282 Rượu cần
A fermented
rice-wine
(drunk out of a
jar through
pipes)
/fə rˈ mentid/
/raɪ s/- /waɪ n/
Can Wine (also called tube wine) is a fermented
rice wine produced in Vietnam, in particular in
mountainous areas like Tay Nguyen area.
283 Thành thị Urban (adj) /ˈ ɜ ː rbə n/
Urban spaces like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are
often overcrowded, and the cost of rent can be rather
high.
284 Thiểu số Minority (n) /maɪ ˈ nɔ ː rə ti/
285
Trang
phục/Quần
áo
Attire (n) /ə ˈ taɪ ə r/
One distinctive feature of highland ethnic minority
groups in Vietnam is that they are in colorful attires
whether at home, on the farm, on travel or in the
town.
286 Tượng nhà
mồ
Wooden
grave-statue
/ˈ wʊ dn/
/ɡ reɪ v/-
/ˈ stætʃ uː /
Lễ bỏ mã = Leaving the Grave
The grave house is surrounded with a wooden
fence within there is a wooden statue
resembling a human being, a bird or an animal.
77
THIEN HAU TEMPLE = TUỆ THÀNH ASSEMBLY HALL
ST
T
Tiếng
Việt Tiếng Anh Phiên Âm Quốc Tế Gợi Ý Cách Dùng
1 Âm-
Dương Yin-Yang /jɪ n/-/jæŋ/
Yin = (in Chinese philosophy) the dark, not
active, female principle of the universe.
Yang = (in Chinese philosophy) the bright active
male principle of the universe.
78
2 Bát bửu
= Eight
objects for
worship/Eig
ht treasures (carried in
the hands of
eight
immortals in
the Chinese
legend)
/eɪ t/ /ˈ treʒ ə (r)/
3 Bát Tiên Eight
Immortals /eɪ t/ /ɪ ˈ mɔ ː rtl/
The Eight Immortalsinclude seven men and one
lady.
It says that the Eight Immortals separately
represent male, female, the old, the young, the
rich, the noble, the poor, and the humble Chinese.
4 Chính
cung
Main
Hall/Chambe
r
/meɪ n/ /hɔ ː l/
The temple is built in form of "Nội công ngoại
quốc" (internal shape looks like Chinese character
“cong” 工, and external shape looks like character
79
“quốc” 国) and comprises three sections – the
Front Hall, Middle Hall and Main Hall.
5
Đồ gốm
(bằng đất
nung)
Ceramic (n) /sə ˈ ræmɪ k/
-The temple roof is richly decorated with Cây Mai
ceramic
motifs, including “lưỡng long tranh châu” (two
dragons fighting over a pearl), created in 1908 by
two important local kilns – Bửu Nguyên and
Đồng Hòa.
(page 335, Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City – Tim
Doling)
-The temple’s roof is decorated with images of
flowers, leaves and human beings made of
ceramics from Buu Nguyen and Dong Hoa kilns
in 1908.
6 Giải cứu Rescue (v) /ˈ reskjuː /
She was able to rescue her brother but her
motherwas obviously worried about her state,
woke her from her trance and her father
unfortunately drowned.
7 Gian
phòng phụ
Side
Chamber (n) /saɪ d/ /ˈ tʃ eɪ mbə r/
The building comprises 3 main chambers
separated by open-air courtyards (sân Thiên Tĩnh)
and 2 side chambers.
8 Giếng trời Light Well /ˈ hevnli/ /wel/
Between the rows, there are spaces called “light
wells”, which help ventilate the environment and
light up the back shrine, as well as release the
incense smoke.
80
9 Hành lang Corridor (n) /ˈ kɔ ː rɪ dɔ ː r/
- The corridor links the old part of the hospital
with the newone.
- Go along the corridor, turn left, and you’ll see
his office in front of you.
10 Hoành phi Horizontal
board
/ˌ hɒ rɪ ˈ zɒ ntl/
/bɔ ː rd/
There are now about 400 ancient objects
preserved in the Thien Hau/ Tian Hou temple,
including 6 stone statues, 9 stone bells, 10
horizontal lacquered boards engraved with
Chinese characters, 23 parallel sentences, and so
on.
11 Hội quán Assembly
Hall (n) /ə ˈ sembli/ /hɔ ː l/
Tue Thanh Assembly Hall = Tuệ Thành
Hội Quán
Quang Trieu Assembly Hall = Quảng Triệu
Hội Quán
12 Khung cửi
(dệt vải) Weaving
Loom /ˈ wiː vɪ ŋ/ /luː m/
According to the legend, she dreamed of her
father and brothers while she was sleeping or
sitting at a loom weaving.
13
Kiệu (có
mái che và
có người
khiêng)
Sedan chair
= palankeen
(n)
= palanquin
(n)
/sɪ ˈ dæn/ /tʃ eə (r)/
/,pælə n'ki:n/
/,pælə n'ki:n/
The 14th is the Thien Hau welcoming ceremony,
which observes traditional rituals. A Thien Hau’s
palanquin is carried throughout the streets, with
unicorn dances, lion dances, and many flags
14 Kim Hoa
Nương
Nương
Goddess of
Fertility
/ˈ ɡ ɑ ː də s//ə v/
/fə rˈ tɪ lə ti/
We’re in main chamber of Thien Hau Temple
now.
81
(Bà Chúa
Thai Sanh)
(who prays
for Childless
women)
The middle case is reserved for Thien Hau –
Goddess of the Sea. Left case is reserved for Long
Mau – Goddess of Mothers and Newborns. And
the right case is reserved for Kim Hue – Goddess
of Fertility who prays for Childless women.
15 Lễ hội Festival (n) /ˈ festɪ vl/
The festival of worshipping Thien Hau on the
23rd day of the 3rd month of Lunar year is one of
the most popular annual festivities of Chinese
people in Vietnam.
16 Liễn đối Parallel
sentence /ˈ pærə lel//ˈ sentə ns/
There are now about 400 ancient objects
preserved in the Thien Hau temple, including 6
stone statues, 9 stone bells, 10 horizontal
lacquered boards engraved with Chinese
characters, 23 parallel sentences, and so on.
17 Lò nung
(gốm) Kiln (n) /kɪ ln/
-The temple roof is richly decorated with Cây Mai
ceramic motifs, including “lưỡng long tranh châu”
(two dragons fighting over a pearl), created in
1908 by two important local kilns – Bửu Nguyên
and Đồng Hòa.
(page 335, Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City – Tim
Doling)
-The temple’s roof is decorated with images of
flowers, leaves and human beings made of
ceramics from Buu Nguyen and Dong Hoa kilns
in 1908.
82
18 Lỗ bộ
A set of
ancient
weapons = A
set of eight
bronze-
tipped
weapons
/ˈ eɪ nʃ ə nt//ˈ wepə n
/
19 Lồng đèn Lantern (n) /ˈ læntə rn/ Lanterns and wooden models of Chinese theaters
hang over the entrance.
20 Long Mẫu
Nương
Nương
Goddess of
Mothers and
Newborns
/ˈ ɡ ɑ ː də s/ /ə v/
/ˈ mʌ ðə r/
We’re in main chamber of Thien Hau Temple
now.
The middle case reserved for Thien Hau –
Goddess of the Sea. Left case reserved for Long
Mau – Goddess of Mothers and Newborns. And
the right case reserved for Kim Hue – Goddess of
Fertility who prays for Childless women.
21 Lưỡng
long tranh
châu
Two
dragons fighting over
a pearl
/ˈ dræɡ ə n/
/pɜ ː rl/
-The temple roof is richly decorated with Cây Mai
ceramic motifs, including “lưỡng long tranh
châu” (two dragons fighting over a pearl),
created in 1908 by two important local kilns –
Bửu Nguyên and Đồng Hòa.
(page 335, Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City – Tim
Doling)
-The temple’s roof is decorated with images of
flowers, leaves and human beings made of
83
ceramics from Buu Nguyen and Dong Hoa kilns
in 1908.
22 Mang thai Fertility (n) /fə rˈ tɪ lə ti/
Along Nguyen TraiStreet, at Thien Hau Temple
local women come in numbers to make offerings to
Me Sanh, Goddess of Fertility, and to Long Mau,
Goddess of Mothers an Newborn Babies. When
Cantonese immigrants established the Temple
toward the middle of the nineteenth century, they
named it after Thien Hau, Goddess of Seafarers.
New arrivals from China would have hastened here
to express their gratitude for a safe passage across
the South China Sea. Three statues of hers stand on
the altar, one behind the other, while an eye-
catching mural on the inside of the front wall
depicts her guiding wildly pitching ships across a
storm-tossed sea. The temple’s most attractive
aspect is its roof, bristling with so many gigurinrs
you wonder how those at edge can keep their
balance.
Trích THE ROUGH GUIDE TO VIETNAM –
Bill Bryson)
84
23
Môn Quan
Vương Tả
(Thần
Cửa)
The Door
God
The Entrance
Guard
/dɔ ː (r)//ɡ ɑ ː d/
The front chamber has two altars – the right one
dedicated to the Phuc Duc Chanh Than, and the
left one to Mon Quan Vuong Ta, and a stone
stele engraved with a legend on Mazu, besides
large paintings describing her image floating on
the sea waves.
85
24 Nến/đèn
cầy Candle (n) /ˈ kændl/
- The room was lit by candles.
- Idioms: “burn the candle at both ends” = to
become very tired by trying to do too many things
and going to bed late and getting up early.
25 Ngũ Hành Five Basic
Elements
/faɪ v/
/ˈ beɪ sɪ k//ˈ elɪ mə nt
s/
According to Eastern philosophy, five basic
elements include Metal & Wood & Water &Fire
&Earth (Kim, Mộc, Thủy, Hỏa, Thổ).
26 Người bảo
hộ/bảo vệ Guardian (n) /ˈ ɡ ɑ ː rdiə n/
Outside the temple two guardian lions protect the
entrance: the male lion has his foot on a ball, the
female lion has her paw on a cub.
27
Người
đóng
góp/Nhà
tài trợ
Donor (n)
Donate (v) =
quyên góp
Donation (n)
BrE /ˈ də ʊ nə (r)/
NAmE /ˈ doʊ nə r/
BrE /də ʊ ˈ neɪ t/
NAmE /ˈ doʊ neɪ t/
- The company has donated more than $ 30,000
to local charities.
- Names of donors are written on red papers.
28
29
Người Hải
Nam
Đảo Hải
Nam
Hainan (n) /hʌ ɪ ˈ nan/
Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province
of the People's Republic of China. The name
"Hainan" also refers to Hainan Island - the main
island of the province.
30
Người/
tiếng Hẹ
(người
Khách
Gia)
Hakka (n) /ˈ hækə /
Hakka is one of the major groups of varieties of
Chinese, spoken natively by the Hakka people in
southern China, Taiwan, HongKong and
throughout the areas of East Asia, Southeast Asia,
and around the world.
86
31 Người
Quảng
Đông
Cantonese
(n)
= Guangzhou
/ˌ kæntə ˈ niː z/
/ɡ waŋˈ dʒ ə ʊ /
The building was first used as a place to hold
community meetings among the Cantonese and
called Tue Thanh Assembly Hall.
32 Người
Triều
Châu
Teochew (n) /ˌ tiː ə ʊ ˈ tʃ juː /
Teochew settled in southwest area like Bac Lieu
Province. The name Bac Lieu means “poor
village” in Teochew pronunciation.
“Bạc Liêu là xứ cơ cầu,
dưới sông cá chốt trên bờ Triều Châu”
33 Người/Tỉn
h Phúc
Kiến
Fujian (n)
(also Fukien)
/ˌ fuː dʒ ɪ ˈ an/
/fuː ˈ kjɛ n/
Fujian is an attractive coastal province of China
with a long seafaring history.
34 Nguyệt
Lão
(Yue Lao)
God of
Marriage and
Love (in
Chinese
mythology)
=
Matchmaker
Deity (n)
/ˈ mætʃ meɪ kə r/
- Matchmaker Deity helps single people to find
their suitable partners.
- Outside the right chamber in the corner there is a
small shrine for God of Marriage and Love.
- The old man under the moon, commonly known
as Yue Lao, is a Chinese deity in charge of
marriage between man and woman.
87
35 Nhang
vòng
Conical
incense coils
/ˈ kɑ ː nɪ kl/
/ˈ ɪ nsens/
/kɔ ɪ l/
88
36
Phúc Đức
Chính
Thần (Thổ
Địa Công)
God of
Moral and
Happiness
(The God of
Earth)
/ɜ ː rθ/ /ɡ ɑ ː d/
Nói về Phúc Đức Chính Thần (PĐCT):
- Trong Sài Gòn Năm Xưa (Vương Hồng Sển) và
Chuyện Xưa Tích Cũ (Sơn Nam): PĐCT chính là
thái giám Trịnh Hòa thời nhà Minh, cưỡi thuyền
buồm dạo khắp các nước miền Đông Nam Á ban
bố văn hóa Trung Hoa.Trịnh Hòa là nhà thám
hiểm, du lịch, khảo cứu địa dư, ngoại giao, ngôn
ngữ học tài tình. Đi đến đâu, ông thi nhân bố đức,
và đưa người Tàu đến lập nghiệp đến đó. Sau này
ông mất, dân ngoại kiều cảm đức sâu, thờ làm
phúc thần, được vua sắc phong "Tam Bửu Công",
hay "Bổn Đầu Công" gọi tắt là "Ông Bổn".
- Trong Sổ tay hành hương đất phương Nam
(Huỳnh Ngọc Trảng): Phước Đức Chính Thần
được hiểu là thần Thổ Địa.
89
- Trong Gia Định tràng Phật Tích cổ (Lý Văn
Hùng): cho rằng ông Bổn chính là Châu Đạt
Quan, một viên quan của triều đình Trung Quốc
đời nhà Nguyên. Ông đã đi đến nhiều nước ở
Đông Nam Á, trong đó có vùng đất Nam Bộ và
Chân Lạp. Từ miền Chân Lạp trở về, Châu Đạt
Quan viết quyển Chân Lạp Phong Thổ Ký.
37
Phức
tạp/Tinh
xảo
Sophisticatio
n (n)
Sophisticated
(adj)
/sə ,fisti'keiʃ n/
/sə 'fistikeitid/ The parallel sentences were made skillfully, with
sophisticated designs.
38 Sân thiên
tĩnh
Open-air
courtyard
/ˈ oʊ pə n/-/eə (r)/
/ˈ kɔ ː rtjɑ ː rd/
an open-air swimming pool = hồ bơi ngoài
trời.
The open-air area used for receiving
sunlight and exhausting smoke.
39 Tây Du
Ký
A Journey to
the West
/ˈ dʒ ɜ ː rni/ /tə / /ðə /
/west/
Journey to the West is a Chinese novel published
in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty.
40 Thần Tài God of
Wealth /ɡ ɑ ː d/ /ə v/ /welθ/
God of Wealth is the Chinese god of prosperity
worshipped in the Chinese folk religion and
Taoism.
90
41 Thiên Hậu
Thánh
Mẫu
Goddess of
the Sea
(Mazu)
/ˈ ɡ ɒ də s//ə v//ðə /
/siː /
-The Assembly Hall is popular known as Bà
(Lady) or Thien Hau Temple, because it is
dedicated to Thien Hau Thanh Mau (Mazu –
goddess of the Sea), who is worshipped by the
seafaring Chinese communities of Guangdong,
Fujian and Taiwan.
(from “Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City” – Tim
Doling)
-It is said that Thien Hau can travel over the
oceans on a mat and ride the clouds to wherever
she pleases. Her mobility allows her to save
people in trouble on the high seas.
42 Thiết bị
chữa cháy
Fire
extinguishing
equipment/
fire
extinguisher
/ˈ faɪ ə (r)/
/ɪ kˈ stɪ ŋɡ wɪ ʃ ɪ ŋ/
/ɪ ˈ kwɪ pmə nt/
Put a fire extinguisher in a visible kitchen
location, away from cooking equipment.
91
43 Thờ cúng Worship (v)/
(n) /ˈ wɜ ː rʃ ɪ p/
ancestor worship (n) = thờ ông bà/tổ tiên
hero worship (n) = thờ anh hùng có công
whale worship (n) = thờ cá Ông
44 Thủy thủ/
Ngư dân
đi biển
Seafaring
people (n)
= Fisherman
(n)
(pl.
fishermen)
người đánh
bắt cá, xem
đó như là 1
nghề kiếm
sống.
= Angler (n)
người câu
cá/bắt cá vì
mục đích tiêu
khiển.
/ˈ siː feə rɪ ŋ/
/ˈ fɪ ʃ ə mə n/
/ˈ æŋɡ lə (r)/
-The Assembly Hall is popular known as Bà
(Lady) or Thien Hau Temple, because it is
dedicated to Thien Hau Thanh Mau (Mazu –
goddess of the Sea), who is worshipped by the
seafaring Chinese communities of Guangdong,
Fujian and Taiwan.
(from “Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City” – Tim
Doling)
-It is said that Thien Hau can travel over the
oceans on a mat and ride the clouds to wherever
she pleases. Her mobility allows her to save
people in trouble on the high seas.
92
45
Thuyền
quá
hải/Thuyề
n bà Thiên
Hậu cứu
vớt trên
biển.
(thuyền
rồng chạm
hình nhân,
rước theo
cùng với
kiệu Bà
vào ngày
Vía Bà
Thiên
Hậu)
Miniature
Chinese Boat
/ˈ mɪ nə tʃ ə (r)/
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/ /boʊ t/
46 Tiền điện
Front
Hall/Chambe
r
/frʌ nt//hɔ ː l/
The temple is built in form of "Nội công ngoại
quốc" (internal shape looks like Chinese character
“cong” 工, and external shape looks like character
“quốc” 国) and comprises three sections – the
Front Hall, Middle Hall and Main Hall.
47 Trung điện
Middle
Hall/Chambe
r
/ˈ mɪ dl/ /hɔ ː l/
The temple is built in form of "Nội công ngoại
quốc" (internal shape looks like Chinese character
“cong” 工, and external shape looks like character
93
“quốc” 国) and comprises three sections – the
Front Hall, Middle Hall and Main Hall.
48 Trùng tu
= Tu bổ
= Tôn tạo
Restore (v)
Reconstruct
(v)
Renovate (v)
/rɪ ˈ stɔ ː r/
/ˌ riː kə nˈ strʌ kt/
/ˈ renə veɪ t/
Built by the Cantonese Congregation in 1760 and
renovated many times, Thien Hau Temple is one
of the oldest structures in Cholon.
49 Tụ hội
Congregate
(v)(to come
together in a
group)
Congregation
(n)
BrE /ˈ kɒ ŋɡ rɪ ɡ eɪ t/
NAmE
/ˈ kɑ ː ŋɡ rɪ ɡ eɪ t/
-This temple was built by the Cantonese
Congregation – the Chinese community who left
home from Tue Thanh District-China to
immigrate to the South of Vietnam.
50 Tử
vi/chiêm
tinh học
Astrology (n) /ə ˈ strɑ ː lə dʒ i/
- Lunar New Year is a time when Vietnamese
people go to temples and pagodas to pray for
happiness and good fortune and also turn to
astrology to predict their future.
-Books on astrology and horoscopes sell in
abundance in front of temples and pagodas
everywhere in the country.
51 Vàng mã Votive
papers /ˈ voʊ tɪ v/ /ˈ peɪ pə r/
A furnace for burning votive papers
(representations of the wealth people wish to
bestow upon gods and goddesses)
94
INDEPENDENCE PALACE
STT TIẾNG
VIỆT TIẾNG ANH PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ GỢI Ý CÁCH DÙNG
1 Ám sát
Assassinate (v)
Assassination
(n) cuộc mưu
sát
Assassinator
(n) kẻ ám sát
BrE /ə ˈ sæsɪ neɪ t/
NAmE /ə ˈ sæsə neɪ t/
President Ngô Đình Diệm and his
brother Ngô Đình Nhu were
assassinated in a coup d’état on
2nd November 1963.
the assassination of John F.
Kennedy
2 Bàn giao Hand over
(phrasal verb)
BrE /ˈ hændə ʊ və (r)/
NAmE /ˈ hændoʊ və r/
hand over (to somebody) = to
give somebody else your position
of power or the responsibility for
something
Ex: On September 7th 1954, the
Norodom Palace was handed over to
South Vietnamese Prime Minister Ngô
Đình Diệm.
hand something over to somebody
Ex: They handed the weapons over to the
police.
3 Cuộc đảo
chính
Coup d’état (n)
(pl. coups d’état)
= Coup (n)
/ˌ kuː deɪ ˈ tɑ ː / He left Paris after the coup d’état of
1851 and spent nine years in England.
4 Đài phun
nước Fountain (n)
BrE /ˈ faʊ ntə n/
In front of the Palace is the green grass
oval, the center is a fountain, creating
95
NAmE /ˈ faʊ ntn/ the beauty to the building and creates a
fresh feeling for visitors when they walk
into main gate.
5 Đánh bại
Defeat (v)
Defeatism (n)
tư tưởng chủ
bại
/dɪ ˈ fiː t/
/dɪ ˈ fiː tɪ zə m/
Question 6 defeated us.
The French were defeated at Điện
Biên Phủ Battle in 1954 and
signed the Geneve Agreement.
6 Đầu hàng Surrender (v) /sə ˈ rendə r/
At 10:45 a.m on 30th April 1975, two
tanks No. 843 and No. 390 of North
Vietnamese Army smashed the main
entrance and the last president Dương
Văn Minh surrendered.
7 Dinh thự Palace (n) /'pælə s/
the royal/presidential palace.
The Independence Palace is
located at 135 Nam Ky Khoi
Nghia Street, District 1, Hồ Chí
Minh City.
8 Độc lập Independence (n) /ˌ ɪ ndɪ ˈ pendə ns/
Independence Palace is a fantastic place
to organize VIP meetings, or
conferences.
9 Độc tài
Dictatorial (adj)
Dictator (n) kẻ
độc tài
Dictation (n)
sự ra lệnh/bài
chính tả
/ˌ dɪ ktə ˈ tɔ ː riə l/
/ˈ dɪ kteɪ tə r/
/dɪ kˈ teɪ ʃ n/
Ngô Đình Diệm established a
dictatorial regime, by moving
people into strategic hamlets and
ignoring the disagreement of
Saigon people.
96
My father was a dictator and the
whole family was afraid of him.
We had some very difficult words
in our dictation.
10 Đông Dương Indochina (n)
Indochina, which has been referred to in
the past as French Indochina, is a region
of Southeast Asia made up of Vietnam,
Laos and Cambodia.
11 Hình bầu
dục/ô-van Oval (n-adj)
BrE /ˈ ə ʊ vl/
NAmE /ˈ oʊ vl/
an oval face
an oval green grass
the Oval Office = the office of the
US President in the White House
12 Khước
từ/phớt lờ Ignore (v) /ɪ ɡ ˈ nɔ ː r/
Ngô Đình Diệm established a
dictatorial regime, moved people
into strategic hamlets and
ignoring the disagreement of
Saigon people.
My father was a dictator and the
whole family was afraid of him.
We had some very difficult words
in our dictation.
13 Phi công Pilot (n) /ˈ paɪ lə t/
On February 27th 1962, the Palace was
bombed by the 2 pilots of South
Vietnamese regime: Nguyen Van Cu and
Pham Phu Quoc.
97
14 Phong thủy Feng-Shui /ˌ feŋ ˈ ʃ uː i/
/ˌ fʊ ŋ ˈ ʃ weɪ /
According to geomancy (fengshui), this
palace is located on a Dragon’s head;
therefore it is also referred to as
Dragon’s Head Palace.
15 Phương Đông the Orient (n) BrE /ˈ ɔ ː riə nt/
NAmE /ˈ ɔ ː riə nt/
It combines modern architecture and
traditional oriental features that reflect
the country’s prosperity and goodness.
16 Phương Tây the Occident (n)
BrE /ˈ ɒ ksɪ də nt/
NAmE /ˈ ɑ ː ksɪ də nt/
The western parts of the world,
especially Europe and America, are also
known as the Occident
17 Sự cai trị
Chế độ cai trị Regime (n) /reɪ ˈ ʒ iː m/
Ngô Đình Diệm established a
dictatorial regime, by moving
people into strategic hamlets,
ignoring the disagreement of
Saigon people.
My father was a dictator and the
whole family was afraid of him.
We had some very difficult words
in our dictation.
18 Tạm thời
Temporary (adj)
Temporarily
(adv)
BrE /ˈ temprə ri/
NAmE /ˈ tempə reri/
- I'm looking for some temporary work.
- I’m afraid using volunteers can only be
a temporary solution to the problem.
19 Tầng hầm Basement (n) /ˈ beɪ smə nt/
The building covers 12 hectares and
includes 4 main floors, 2 mezzanines,
ground floor, and a basement which the
total usable area of 20.000 m2.
98
20 Tầng lửng Mezzanine (n)
/ˈ mezə niː n/
/ˈ metsə niː n/
The building covers 12 hectares and
includes 4 main floors, 2 mezzanines,
ground floor, and a basement which the
total usable area of 20.000 m2.
21 Tầng trệt
Ground Floor (n) /ɡ raʊ nd/ /flɔ ː r/
/ˌ daʊ nˈ sterz/
The building covers 12 hectares and
includes 4 main floors, 2 mezzanines,
ground floor, and a basement which the
total usable area of 20.000 m2.
22 Thống nhất Reunification (n) /ˌ riː ˌ juː nɪ fɪ ˈ keɪ ʃ n/
After the successful conference on
national reunification in 1975, the
building was renamed Reunification
Hall. Until recently, it has resumed its
original name: Independence Palace.
23
Tổng thống
(nước)
Chủ tịch
(đoàn thể)
Hiệu trưởng
(trường)
President (n)
Presidential (adj)
/ˈ prezɪ də nt/
/ˌ prezɪ ˈ denʃ l/
the bank president.
President Obama is due to visit
the country next month.
24 Trụ sở
Headquarters (n)
(abbreviation
HQ)
BrE /ˌ hedˈ kwɔ ː tə z/
NamE /ˈ hedkwɔ ː rtə rz/
Several companies have their
headquarters in the area.
On March 9th 1945, the Japanese
overthrew the French in a coup
d’état, and Norodom Palace
became the Headquarters of the
99
Japanese Government for
Indochina.
25 Từ chức
Resign (v)
Resignation
(n)
/rɪ ˈ zaɪ n/
- On 21st April 1975, the President
Nguyen Van Thieu resigned and the
Vice-President Tran Van Huong
became the President.
- On 28th April 1975, the Pre. Tran Van
Huong resigned and the General Duong
Van Minh took the power.
TẦNG 1 - 1st Floor
-Conference Hall (Phòng Khánh Tiết)
-Banquet Room (Phòng Đại Yến)
-Cabinet Meeting Room (Phòng họp Nội Các)
26 Cân
nhắc/thảo
luận kỹ
Deliberate (v)
Deliberation
(n)
Deliberately
(adv)
/dɪ ˈ lɪ bə reɪ t/
/dɪ ˌ lɪ bə ˈ reɪ ʃ n/
/dɪ ˈ lɪ bə rə tli/
deliberate (on) whether, what,
etc… Ex: They deliberated (on) whether
to continue with the talks.
She signed her name with great
deliberation.
27
Chức
năng
Quỹ (từ
thiện)
Function (n) /ˈ fʌ ŋkʃ n/
The function of the heart is to
pump blood through the body.
He and his wife were guests of
honour at a function held by the
society last weekend.
Today, the Conference Room is
still being used for official
100
receptions, conferences or private
functions.
28 Cố vấn
Consultant (n)
Consultancy
(n) = văn
phòng tư vấn
Consult (v) =
hỏi ý kiến/bàn
bạc
/kə nˈ sʌ ltə nt/
/kə nˈ sʌ ltə nsi/
/kə nˈ sʌ lt/
consult somebody Ex: If the pain continues, consult
your doctor.
consult somebody about
something Ex: Have you consulted your
lawyer about this?
29 Hội đồng
Council (n)
British Coucil
= Hội đồng
Anh
/ˈ kaʊ nsl/
In November 1975, the
Consultative Council for
National Reunification used this
room for its deliberations.
30 Hội nghị Conference (n) BrE /ˈ kɒ nfə rə ns/
NAmE /ˈ kɑ ː nfə rə ns/
The hotel is used for exhibitions,
conferences and social events.
a conference room/centre/hall
The Conference Hall is one of the
large reception rooms on the 1st
floor.
31 Khai
trương/ra mắt Inauguration (n) /ɪ ˌ nɔ ː ɡ jə ˈ reɪ ʃ n/
One of the most important events was
the inauguration dinner of President
Nguyen Van Thieu and his Vice
President Nguyen Cao Ky on 31 October
1967.
32 Màu xanh lục Green (n) /ɡ riː n/ Green years = thanh xuân/đầy sức
sống
101
Sea-green (n)
xanh lá cây
biển
Dark-green (n)
xanh lá cây
đậm
A green hand = thợ mới vào nghề
The new trainees are still very
green.
Idioms: the grass is (always)
greener on the other side (of the
fence) = đừng núi này trông núi
nọ.
Idioms: green with envy = very
jealous
The Cabinet Meeting Room was
decorated by the dark-green.
Thanks to this color, the stress
could be decreased.
33
Nội các,
chính phủ
Tủ có ngăn
kéo
Giá đựng đồ
Cabinet (n) /ˈ kæbɪ nə t/
kitchen cabinets = kệ bếp
a medicine cabinet = tủ thuốc
a cabinet meeting = cuộc họp Nội
Các
The last President Dương Văn
Minh surrendered from the
Cabinet Meeting Room, on 30th
April 1975.
34 Phong cảnh Landscape (n) /ˈ lændskeɪ p/
The oil painting hanging on the wall of
the Banquet Room is “Beautiful country
and Peaceful landscapes” painted in
1966 by Ngo Viet Thụ, architect of
Independence Palace.
102
35 Thanh
bình/hòa bình
Peaceful (adj)
Peace (n) /ˈ piː sfl/
The oil painting in 7 sections hanging on
the wall of the Banquet Room is
“Beautiful country and Peaceful
landscapes” painted in 1966 by Ngô Viết
Thụ, architect of Independence Palace.
36 Tổ tiên Ancestor (n) /ˈ ænsestə r/
There is a water-colour on paper painting
by Trong Noi “Legendary ancestor of
Vietnam” in 1966.
37 Treo/Mắc Hang (v) /hæŋ/
*Hang on = Giữ chặt nhé/Khoan tí đã!
*Hang up = Cúp máy
Ex: After I hung up I remembered what
I'd wanted to say.
38 Tuyên bố Declare (v) BrE /dɪ ˈ kleə (r)/
NAmE /dɪ ˈ kler/
declare something…
Ex: The government has declared
a state of emergency.
Ex: Germany declared war on
France on 1 August 1914.
Do you have anything to declare?
At 19:30 on 21 April 1975,
President Nguyen Van Thieu
declared his resignation speech in
the Conference Hall.
declare against
somebody/something
103
= (formal) to say publicly that you do
not support somebody/something
39 Từ chức
(trùng với 25) Resign (v) /rɪ ˈ zaɪ n/
At 19:30 on 21 April 1975, President
Nguyen Van Thieu delivered his
resignation speech in The Conference
Room.
40 Yến tiệc
Đại yến Banquet (n) /ˈ bæŋkwɪ t/
I attended a banquet last night.
He was suddenly taken ill at a
banquet given in his honour.
TẦNG 2 - 2nd floor
-Map Room (Phòng Bản Đồ)
-Presidential Office (Phòng làm việc của Tổng thống VNCH)
-Presidental Reception Rooms (Phòng tiếp khách của Tổng thống)
+The President’s international reception room (Phòng tiếp khách nước ngoài)
+The President’s national reception room (Phòng tiếp khách trong nước)
-Vice-President’s Reception Room (Phòng tiếp khách của Phó Tổng thống)
-Credentials Presenting Room/Ambassadors Chamber (Phòng Trình Quốc Thư)
-Bed Room and Dining room (Phòng ngủ và Phòng ăn)
-Living quarter
41 Áo choàng Robe (n)
BrE /rə ʊ b/
NAmE /roʊ b/
•There are 2 lacquer paintings by Thai
Van Ngon, produced in 1966 in the
Vice-President’s Reception Room.
They represent Ha Noi’s Temple of
Literature and a famous historical
scene: the 13th century King Tran Nhan
104
Tong presenting his robe to a
mendicant.
42 Cây
thông/tùng Pine (n) /paɪ n/
Pine for (v) = mòn mỏi, héo hon
Ex: She pined for months after
he'd gone.
Pine away (v) = đau ốm, tiều tụy
(và chết vì buồn bã)
Ex: After his wife died, he just
pined away.
Pine trees are evergreens with long,
needle-shaped leaves.
43 Chạm/khắc Carve (v) /kɑ ː rv/
The statue was carved out of a
single piece of stone.
Idioms: carved/set in stone (of a
decision, plan, etc.) = unable to be
changed
Ex: People should remember that
our proposals aren't set/ carved in
stone.
44 Chân đèn
Đế nến Sconce (n) /skɔ ns/
Along the wall, there are 8 golden
sconces which were lit during
ambassadorial presentation
ceremonies.
105
45 Chim hồng
hạc
Flamingo (n)
(pl. flamingoes,
flamingos)
/flə ˈ mɪ ŋɡ oʊ /
Flamingo is a large pink bird with long
thin legs and a long neck, that lives near
water in warm countries.
46 Đại sứ quán
Ambassy (n)
Ambassador
(n) đại sứ
/ˈ embə si/
/æmˈ bæsə də r/
the US Ambassador in/to
Vietnam.
Ambassador extraordinary and
plenipotentiary = Đại sứ đặc
mệnh toàn quyền
Before 1975, many countries had
embassies in Saigon. Newly
arrived ambassadors presented
their credentials to the President
in this room.
47 Đoàn đại
biểu/phái
đoàn
Delegation (n)
Delegate (v) =
ủy quyền
Delegate (n) =
đại biểu
/ˌ delɪ ˈ ɡ eɪ ʃ n/
/ˈ delɪ ɡ eɪ t/
/ˈ delɪ ɡ eɪ t/
There are two communicating
rooms here: for foreign and local
delegations.
the Dutch delegation to the
United Nations.
48 Hải ngoại Overseas (adj-
adv)
BrE /ˌ ə ʊ və ˈ siː z/
NAmE /ˌ oʊ və rˈ siː z/
•Nguyen Cao Ky, Vice President of the
Southern Republic from 1967 to 1971,
106
was born in Son Tay in 1930. He had
French and US military training and
served as Commander of the Southern
Republic’s airforce and President of
the Central Executive Committee, then
as Prime Minister. He spent his final
years living overseas. He died in
Malaysia in 2011.
49 Hành khất Mendicant (n) /ˈ mendɪ kə nt/
•There are 2 lacquer paintings by Thai
Van Ngon, produced in 1966 in the
Vice-President’s Reception Room.
They represent Ha Noi’s Temple of
Literature and a famous historical
scene: the 13th century King Tran Nhan
Tong presenting his robe to a
mendicant.
50 Hoa văn Motif (n) BrE /mə ʊ ˈ tiː f/
NAmE /moʊ ˈ tiː f/ The President’s chair has been
carved with dragon’s head motifs.
51 Hòn non bộ Rockery (n)
(pl. rockeries) /ˈ rɑ ː kə ri/
Thanks to the rockery, we feel like
standing on the ground, not on the 2nd
floor.
52 Không quân Air-force /eə (r)/-/fɔ ː rs/
•Nguyen Cao Ky, Vice President of the
Southern Republic from 1967 to 1971,
was born in Son Tay in 1930. He had
French and US military training and
served as Commander of the Southern
107
Republic’s airforce and President of
the Central Executive Committee, then
as Prime Minister. He spent his final
years living overseas. He died in
Malaysia in 2011.
53 Ngà (voi)
Răng nanh
(lợn lòi)
Tusk (n) /tʌ sk/
•Behind the foreign delegation’s chair ,
there is a pair of elephant’s tusks.
54 Nghệ thuật
cây cảnh Bonsai (n)
BrE /ˈ bɒ nsaɪ / NAmE
/ˈ bɑ ː nsaɪ /
55 Nghi lễ Ceremony (n)
(pl. ceremonies)
BrE /ˈ serə mə ni/ NAmE
/ˈ serə moʊ ni/
an awards/opening ceremony
a wedding/marriage ceremony
Idioms: stand on ceremony (=to
behave formally)
EX: Please don't stand on
ceremony (=Please be natural and
relaxed) with me.
56 Nhà nguyện Chapel (n) /ˈ tʃ æpl/ They were married in a wedding
chapel in Las Vegas.
108
57 Phượng
hoàng Phoenix (n) /ˈ fiː nɪ ks/
to rise like a phoenix from the
ashes (= to be powerful or
successful again) = Tái sinh từ
đống tro tàn.
The other chairs are carved with a
phoenix head or characters symbolizing
“longevity”.
58 Quốc thư
Ủy nhiệm thư Credentials (n) /krə ˈ denʃ l/
the US Ambassador in/to
Vietnam.
Ambassador extraordinary and
plenipotentiary = Đại sứ đặc
mệnh toàn quyền
Before 1975, many countries had
embassies in Saigon. Newly
arrived ambassadors presented
their credentials to the President
in this room.
59 Sự tuyên
bố/tuyên cáo
Proclamation (n)
Proclaim
(v)
/ˌ prɑ ː klə ˈ meɪ ʃ n/
/prə ˈ kleɪ m/
The big lacquer painting in 40
small panels “Great
Proclamation” (Bình Ngô Đại
Cáo) describes a famous scene
from the reign of King Lê Lợi.
60 Thủ tướng
Prime Minister
(abbreviation
PM)
/ˌ praɪ m ˈ mɪ nɪ stə r/
•Nguyen Cao Ky, Vice President of the
Southern Republic from 1967 to 1971,
was born in Son Tay in 1930. He had
109
French and US military training and
served as Commander of the Southern
Republic’s airforce and President of
the Central Executive Committee, then
as Prime Minister. He spent his final
years living overseas. He died in
Malaysia in 2011.
61 Trang thiết bị
nội thất
Furnish (v)
Furnishing (n):
trang bị đồ đạc
/ˈ fɜ ː rnɪ ʃ /
The furnishings and pictures in
the room are in Japanese-style
lacquer work, created by the artist
Nguyen Van Minh.
The room was furnished with
antiques.
62
Tranh sơn
dầu
Vải
bạt/lều/buồm
(Oil) canvas /ˈ kænvə s/
Behind the desk of the President of
Republic of Vietnam, there is an
oil on canvas “Tri Thuy Bridge”,
painted in 1966 by Pham Co.
110
63 Tranh sơn
mài Lacquer painting /ˈ lækə r/ /ˈ peɪ ntɪ ŋ/
•There are 2 lacquer paintings by Thai
Van Ngon, produced in 1966 in the
Vice-President’s Reception Room.
They represent Ha Noi’s Temple of
Literature and a famous historical
scene: the 13th century King Tran Nhan
Tong presenting his robe to a
mendicant.
64 Trường thọ Longevity (n) BrE /lɒ nˈ dʒ evə ti/
NAmE /lɔ ː nˈ dʒ evə ti/ We wish you both health and longevity.
65 Việc thêu
thùa
Embroidery (n)
Embroider (v)
= Broider (v) =
Thêu (khăn)
/ɪ mˈ brɔ ɪ də ri/
/ɪ mˈ brɔ ɪ də r/
There is a silkembroidery of pines and
flamingoes, on velvet, 1971 in the
Presidential Office. This is a gift from
General Mun-Hien-The of South Korea.
(Tranh thêu trên nền nhung, cây tùng và
chim hạc)
111
TẦNG 3 - 3rd floor
-Library (Thư viện)
-The First Lady’s Banquet Room (Phòng chiêu đãi tiệc của Phu nhân Tổng thống)
-Movie theatre (Phòng chiếu phim)
-Game Room/Gambling Room (Phòng giải trí)
-Helicopter landing port (Heliport)
-Corridor
66 Bàn tròn Round table /raʊ nd/ /ˈ teɪ bl/
The round table in the middle of the
room was used for gambling style of
European.
67 Bàn vuông Square table /skwer/ /ˈ teɪ bl/
The square table in the corner was
used for gambling style of Chinese.
68 Cờ bạc/đánh
bài
Gambling (n)
=Playing cards
/ˈ ɡ æmblɪ ŋ/
The President and his staff enjoyed
playing cards/ gambling (đánh bài) in
this room, and drinking at the bar.
69
Đánh dấu/ghi
dấu
Mark (v) /mɑ ː rk/ The two circles painted on the helipad
mark the spot where a bomb-load was
dropped on the Palace by pilot Nguyễn
Thành Trung on 8 April, 1975.
70 Đèn cong Curved lamp /kɜ ː rvd/ /læmp/ The First Lady’s Banquet Room is
decorated with curving lamps and
112
chandeliers to give a feeling of feminine
tenderness.
71 Đèn treo
nhiều ngọn Chandelier
BrE /ˌ ʃ ændə ˈ lɪ ə (r)/
NAmE /ˌ ʃ ændə ˈ lɪ r/
72 E lệ
Shy (adj)
Shyness (n)
Tính nhút nhát
/ʃ aɪ /
“As an acquaintance, Vuong came out
to greet him,
While the sisters, shy, hid behind the
flowers.”
“Chàng Vương quen mặt ra chào,
Hai Kiều e lệ nép vào dưới hoa.”
Don't be shy—come and say
hello.
She was too shy to ask anyone for
help.
73 Hành lang Corridor (n) BrE /ˈ kɒ rɪ dɔ ː (r)/
NAmE /ˈ kɔ ː rɪ dɔ ː r/
There is an oil painting by Lê Chánh
“The two Kiều sisters” in thecorridor.
74
Hình học Geometry (n) /dʒ iˈ ɑ ː mə tri/ In the First Lady’s Banquet
Room, there is a picture of solid
geometry (hình học không gian)
that looks like European style.
75 Kệ sách Bookshelf (n)
(pl. bookshelves)
/ˈ bʊ kʃ elf/
/ˈ bʊ kʃ elvz/
There are many books on the
bookshelf.
113
76 Kinh tế
Economic (adj)
Economy (n)
Economist (n)
= nhà kinh tế
học
/ˌ iː kə ˈ nɑ ː mɪ k/
/ˌ ekə ˈ nɑ ː mɪ k/
/ɪ ˈ kɑ ː nə mɪ st/
Economic Books = Sách kinh tế
Economy Class = Vé hạng phổ
thông
Tourism clearly dominates the
local economy.
Economic recession = Suy thoái
kinh tế
Ex: The economy is in recession.
77
Lập
thể/Không
gian ba chiều Solid (adj)
BrE /ˈ sɒ lɪ d/
NAmE /ˈ sɑ ː lɪ d/ In the First Lady’s Banquet
Room, there is a picture of solid
geometry (hình học không gian)
that looks like European style.
78 Lưu trữ Store (v) /stɔ ː r/
Animals store up food for the
winter.
You can store coffee beans in the
freezer to keep them fresh.
Thousands of pieces of data are
stored in a computer's memory.
79 Mạt chược
Mah-jong
=Chinese
Dominoes
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/
The square table in the corner was used
for gambling style of Chinese/ playing
mah-jong
114
80
Mềm mại/dịu
dàng
Tenderness (n) /ˈ tendə rnə s/ The First Lady’s Banquet Room is
decorated with curving lamps and
chandeliers to give a feeling of feminine
tenderness.
81 Mục tiêu Target (n) /ˈ tɑ ː rɡ ɪ t/
*They bombed military and civilian
targets. *He's become the target of a lot of
criticism recently.
82 Mỹ thuật Fine art (n) /faɪ n/ /ɑ ː rt/ The Vietnam Fine Arts Museum
= Bảo Tàng Mỹ Thuật Việt Nam
83 Nữ tính Feminine (adj) /ˈ femə nɪ n/
The First Lady’s Banquet Room is
decorated with curving lamps and
chandeliers to give a feeling of
feminine tenderness.
84 Phát đạt/tài
lộc/thịnh
vượng
Prosperity (n) BrE /prɒ ˈ sperə ti/ NAmE
/prɑ ː ˈ sperə ti/
On the wall, near the round table,
there are three statues
symbolizing for “Happiness –
Prosperity – Longevity” (Phúc-
Lộc-Thọ) as Asian forms of
decoration.
The country is enjoying a period
of peace and prosperity.
85 Quân sự Military (n) BrE /ˈ mɪ lə tri/
NAmE /ˈ mɪ lə teri/
MilitaryBooks = Sách quân sự
Military Academy = Học viện
quân sự
115
Demilitarized Zone = Vùng phi
quân sự (DMZ)
Be called up for military service
= được gọi đi nghĩa vụ quân sự.
86 Sân đậu trực
thăng
Heliport (n)
= Helipad (n) /ˈ helipɔ ː rt/
The helicopter landing port (Heliport)
here marked the boombing target in
1975.
87 Song ngữ Bilingual (n-adj) /ˌ baɪ ˈ lɪ ŋɡ wə l/ A bilingual documents/books =
Tài liệu/sách song ngữ
88 Sự cách âm
Noise-absorbing
= Soundproofing
(n)
/nɔ ɪ z/-/ə bˈ zɔ ː rbɪ ŋ/
/ˈ saʊ ndpruː fɪ ŋ/
Soundproof a room in your house so
that you can set up your home theater
system without disturbing the
neighbors.
89 Thả (bom) Drop (v)
BrE /drɒ p/
NAmE /drɑ ː p/
The two circles painted on the helipad
mark the spot where a bomb-load was
dropped on the Palace by pilot Nguyen
Thanh Trung on 8 April, 1975.
90 Trích dẫn
từ…
Đoạn trích
Extract (v-n)
Quote (v)
/ˈ ekstrækt/
/kwoʊ t/
“Please take from me this token of trust,
so we can embark upon our 100-year
journey together.” - “Rằng trăm năm
cũng từ đây.
Của tin gọi một chút này làm ghi” (extracted/quoted from the President
Obama’s speech in National Convention
Center Hanoi, Vietnam)
116
91 Trực thăng
Helicopter (n)
(informal copter,
chopper)
BrE /ˈ helɪ kɒ ptə (r)/
NAmE /ˈ helɪ kɑ ː ptə r/
The Reunification Palace entered the
world history books in 1975 when a
Vietnamese Air Force pilot flew a
helicopter over the palace with an
attempt to bomb it. Although no real
damage was caused this was a significant
step towards the fall of Saigon and the
ending of the Vietnamese War.
92 Truyện Kiều The Tale of Kiều /teɪ l/
“The Tale of Kieu,” written by Nguyen
Du, is a story about a beautiful and
educated young woman, Vuong Thuy
Kieu, whose family falls upon hard times
when her father and brother are
imprisoned. In order to save her family
and get her family members out of jail,
she sells herself to a middle-aged man.
However, she does not know that he is a
pimp, and she ends up as a prostitute,
singer, concubine, and servant.
93 Văn học Literature (n) /ˈ lɪ trə tʃ ə r/
also /ˈ lɪ trə tʃ ʊ r/
French/English/American
literature
Great works of literature = Kiệt
tác văn học
Classical literature = Văn học cổ
điển
Folk literature = Văn học dân gian
117
94 Vòng tròn Circle (n) /ˈ sɜ ː rkl/
The two circles painted on the helipad
mark the spot where a bomb-load was
dropped on the Palace by pilot Nguyen
Thanh Trung on 8 April, 1975.
TẦNG 4 – 4th floor (Top floor)
-“Tứ Phương Vô Sự Lầu”/ ”Safe-and-sound 4 directional terrace”.
-(Quầy giải khát) – Refreshment counter/desk- Cafeteria
-Heliport (Sân bay trực thăng)
95 Cây trúc/tre Bamboo (n)
(pl. bamboos) /ˌ bæmˈ buː /
The rows of stone curtains were
also said to refer tobamboo
stalks.
Bamboo tree is a significant
symbol in both Vietnamese culture
and daily life. It exists almost
everywhere in Vietnam, though
mainly in rural areas.
96
Đồ uống
=Nước giải
khát
(ngoại trừ
nước suối)
Beverage (n) /ˈ bevə rɪ dʒ /
Saigon Beverage Co. (Tribeco) =
Công ty Nước giải khát Sài Gòn
There is a beverage booth at the
corner of the room.
118
97 Rèm hoa đá the Flower Stone
Curtain
/ˈ flaʊ ə r/ /stoʊ n/
/ˈ kɜ ː rtn/
Architectural beauty of the Palace is
also presented by the flower stone
curtainsurrounding the 2nd floor.
98 Sàn nhảy Dance floor /dæns/ /flɔ ː r/
This place was designed for the
President Nguyen Van Thieu who took
a rest after hard working hours, but the
President turned it into a dance floor.
99 Sân thượng Terrace (n) /ˈ terə s/
This is the highest place, designed as
“Meditation terrace” called “Safe-and-
sound 4 directional terrace”.
100
Sự liên
quan/ám
chỉ/sự tham
khảo
Reference (n) /ˈ refrə ns/
- He acted without reference to
me.
- The rows of stone curtains were
also said to reference bamboo
stalks.
101
Thân (cây)
Cuống
(hoa,quả)
Stalk (n) /stɔ ː k/ The rows of stone curtains were
also said to reference bamboo
stalks.
Bamboo tree is a significant
symbol in both Vietnamese culture
119
and daily life. It exists almost
everywhere in Vietnam, though
mainly in rural areas.
102 Thiền định Meditation (n) /ˌ medɪ ˈ teɪ ʃ n/
This is the highest place, designed as
“Meditation terrace” called “Safe-and-
sound 4 directional terrace”.
TẦNG TRỆT – Ground floor
-Kitchen and cooking equipment (Nhà bếp)
-President deluxe car (Mercedes)
-Documentary photo room/Exhibition Room (Phòng trưng bày hình ảnh)
-Shooting gallery (Phòng tập bắn)
-Documentary video room (Phòng chiếu phim tài liệu) (French/Chinese/Vietnamese/English video room)
103
Chiến lợi
phẩm/
Vật kỷ niệm
chiến thắng
Trophy (n)
(pl. trophies)
BrE /ˈ trə ʊ fi/
NamE /ˈ troʊ fi
It was one of the trophies captured by
Liberation Army of Vietnam on the day
of Saigon’s Liberation, 30 April 1975,
at 9:10 a.m
104 Lò nướng Oven (n) /ˈ ʌ vn/
At that time, this was the most
modern kitchen (standard for a
five-star hotel), including: gas
store, dishwasher, egg-mixer
machine, oven,…
Take the cake out of the oven.
120
105 Máy đánh
trứng
Egg-mixer
machine (n)
/eɡ ˈ mɪ ksə r/
/mə ˈ ʃ iː n/
106 Máy hút mùi
(nhà bếp)
Kitchen
smoke-extractor
/ˈ kɪ tʃ ɪ n/ /smoʊ k/
/ɪ kˈ stræktə r/
107 Máy rửa bát Dishwasher (n)
BrE /ˈ dɪ ʃ wɒ ʃ ə (r)/
NAmE /ˈ dɪ ʃ wɔ ː ʃ ə r/
or /ˈ dɪ ʃ wɑ ː ʃ ə r/
At that time, this was the most
modern kitchen including
(standard for a five-star hotel):
gas stove, dishwasher, egg-mixer
machine, oven,…
108 Phim tài liệu Documentary
film /ˌ dɑ ː kjuˈ mentri/ /fɪ lm/
The documentary film viewing
room is air conditioned.
After a sight-seeing tour lasting
around 45 minutes, you can watch
a documentary film titled
“Historical Witness” for half an
hour.
121
109 Sản xuất/ chế
tạo
Manufacture (v-
n) /ˌ mænjuˈ fæktʃ ə r/
This is the Mercedes-Benz 200
W110, manufactured in West
Germany in the 1960s.
Vitamins cannot be manufactured
by our bodies.
110
Sự trưng
bày/cuộc triễn
lãm
Exhibition (n)
Exhibit (v) /ˌ eksɪ ˈ bɪ ʃ n/
Have you seen the Picasso
exhibition?
Idioms: make an exhibition of
yourself = to behave in a bad or
stupid way in public.
Ex: I’m afraid Frank got drunk and
made an exhibition of himself.
111 Thiết bị/dụng
cụ Equipment (n) /ɪ ˈ kwɪ pmə nt/
The equipment of the
photographic studio was
expensive.
The school is in need of new
computer equipment.
112 Tủ bày hàng Showcase (n) BrE /ˈ ʃ ə ʊ keɪ s/
NAmE /ˈ ʃ oʊ keɪ s/
You can buy souvenirs (books, caps, T-
shirt,..) in the showcase over there.
TẦNG HẦM – Basement
-Commanding room (Phòng tham mưu tác chiến)
-Spare-radio station (Đài phát thanh dự phòng)
-Working place and sleeping room (Phòng trực chiến và Phòng nghỉ tạm thời)
-Bomb shelter (Hầm tránh bom)
-Guard room
122
113 Bê tông Concrete (n) BrE /ˈ kɒ ŋkriː t/
NAmE /ˈ kɑ ː ŋkriː t/
The basement is very strong. It was
built to provide working and living
facility in case of emergency. The
whole structure was of 1.6m thick
reinforcedconcrete walls, capable of
surviving ½ ton bombs.
114
Cuộc
chiến/trận
đánh
Combat (n) BrE /ˈ kɒ mbæt/
NAmE /ˈ kɑ ː mbæt/
He was killed in combat.
This is the combat room where
the president and staff made war
or planning attacks in the South of
Vietnam.
115 Đài phát
thanh Radio Station (n) /ˈ reɪ dioʊ / /ˈ steɪ ʃ n/
A radio station is a set of equipment
necessary to carry out communication
via radio waves.
116
Dự
phòng/thay
thế
Spare (adj) BrE /speə (r)/
NAmE /sper/
We've got a spare bedroom, if
you'd like to stay.
I'm afraid I haven't got any spare
cash.
117 Lệnh/quyền
chỉ huy Command (n)
BrE /kə ˈ mɑ ː nd/ NAmE
/kə ˈ mænd/
Begin when I give the command.
Who is in command here?
be at somebody’s command =
(formal) to be ready to obey
somebody
Ex: I'm at your command - what
would you like me to do?
123
118 Máy điện báo
ghi chữ Telex (n) /ˈ teleks/
This room is equipped with a telex
system
119 Nước đồng
minh
Ally (n)
(pl. allies) /ˈ ælaɪ /
He now had an ally against his
boss.
Portugal is a traditional ally of
England.
This is a map of the Republic of
Vietnam’s allied troops in 1968.
120 Sự gia
cố/củng cố
Reinforcement
(n) /ˌ riː ɪ nˈ fɔ ː rsmə nt/
The harbour walls need urgent
reinforcement.
124
TOUR OF CU CHI TUNNELS
STT Vietnamese English Pronunciati
on Example
1
“Đất Thép
Thành
Đồng”
“The land of steel and
copper wall”.
“The land of steel and
bastion of bronze of
Cu Chi”.
/stiː l/
/ˈ kuː pə r/
/ˈ bæstiə n/
/brɑ ː nz/
-Cu Chi was titled “Cu Chi –the land of steel
and copper wall” by the National Liberation
Front of South of Viet Nam.
-Cu Chi Tunnels have gone into the heroic
fighting history of the Vietnamese people as a
legend of the 20th century and become a well-
known place in the world.
2 Anh hùng Hero (n)
Heroic (adj)
/'hiə rou/
/ 'hiə rə ʊ ic /
Located about 70 km to the Northwest of
HCMCity, Cu Chi tunnel is the miniature of the
creative and transformed battle of Cu Chi
people and soldiers in the fierce fight.
- The Cu Chi Tunnel vestige has been
restored at Ben Duoc or Phu My Hung
heroic village.
3 Áo bà ba
Vietnamese silk
pajamas
(loose-fitting blouse)
/pə ˈ dʒ ɑ ːmə z/
/pə ˈ dʒ æm
ə z/
If tourists want to pose as a Cu Chi guerilla,
they can be showed by the local guide to dress
up with broad-brimmed hat, rubber sandals,
loose-fitting blouse and checked scarf.
4 Ấp chiến
lược
Strategic hamlet(s)
Strategic hamlet
Program
/strə ˈ tiː d
ʒ ɪ k/
In 1961, Ngo Dinh Nhu supervised the opening
of the first “strategic hamlet” camps
(concentration camps) in Cu Chi district.
125
5 Bài thơ
Poem (n)
- Poet (n):
a person who
writes poems
- Poetry (n)
- Poetess (n)
- Poetic (adj)=poetical
(adj)
- Poetically (adv)
- Poeticize (v)
- Poetize (v)
/'pʊ im/
(UK)
/ˈ poʊ .ə m/
(US)
Ex: “The tale ofKiều” poem became the pride
of Vietnamese people.
6 Bàn thờ Altar (n)
/ˈ ɔ ː l.tə r/
(UK)
/ˈ ɑ ː l.tɚ /
(US)
Above the altar is a statue of Hồ Chí Minh.
7 Bánh canh Vietnamese thick
noodle soup
/ˌ vjetnə ˈ m
iː z θɪ k
ˈ nuː dl
suː p/
We have Vietnamese thick noodle soup for
breakfast.
8 Bảo tồn Conserve
Preserve
/kə nˈ sə ː v
/
/prɪ ˈ zə ː v
/
We have to conserve animals in wild.
9 Bảo vệ Protect (v) /prə ’tekt/ Let’s visit and protect animals here.
126
10 Bến sông River watering place/
river marind
/'rivə [r]'wɔ :
tə riɳ pleis/ This place used to be a river watering place.
11 Bệnh sốt rét Malaria (n)
/mə ˈ leə ri
ə /
/mə ˈ leriə /
Malaria is a serious tropical disease spread by
mosquitoes.
12 Bệnh viện
dã chiến Field hospital
/fiː ld/
/ˈ hɒ spɪ tl/
/ˈ hɑ ː spɪ tl
/
A field hospital is a small mobile medical unit,
or mini hospital, that temporarily takes care of
casualties on-site before they can be safely
transported to more permanent hospital
facilities.
13 Bếp Hoàng
Cầm Hoang Cam stove (n)
/Hoang cam
stoʊ v/
Hoang Cam stove was invented in 1952 by
Hoang Cam.
Hoang Cam is the soldier who created this
kitchen in the Dien Bien Phu Campaign.
This kitchen is very special. When we cook
right here, the smoke doesn’t rise up directly to
the sky. It follows the smoked pipe to the
smoked room which is full, it comes to next
room and step by step smokes out by little like
fog in the morning which the American aircrafts
could not recognize.
14 Bia mộ Tombstone /ˈ tuː mstəʊ n/
There is no tombstone to mark his grave but
there are buildings roads or railways which bear
his name.
127
15
Biểu tượng
hồn thiêng
đất nước
The symbol of spirit
of the country (n)
/ðə 'simbl
ə v ðə
ˈ kʌ n.tri /
The symbol of spirit of the country is in the
center of the flower garden.
16 Bom Bomb (n)
/bɒ m/ (UK)
/bɑ ː m/
(US)
-The US army dropped the bombs, but the
locals took the fragments and sold them for
scrap to buy food.
17 Bức tranh
Picture
(n): painting, drawing,
photograph, etc
(v): imagine sb/sth,
show sb/sth
/ˈ pɪ k.tʃ ə r
/ (UK)
/ˈ pɪ k.tʃ ɚ /
(US)
Ex: Ben Duoc Temple of Martyr Memorial has
the biggest pottery picture in Vietnam.
18 Cái cuốc Hoe (n) /hə ʊ /
/hoʊ /
-The locals used hoes to dig in the soft ground
and used crowbars where the ground was
harder.
-Cu Chi soldiers and locals dug out over
250kms tunnels and trenches by rude tools, such
as:hoes, shovels, bamboo baskets,…
19 Căn cứ
(quân sự) Base (n) /beɪ s/
After the attack, they returned to base.
The Đong Du Base.
20 Càn quét Sweep (v)
(Past simple: swept)
/swiː p/
/swept/
Cu Chi Tunnels were used also for evading
enemy’s sweeps in the area.
21 Cao cấp Superior (adj) /,su:’piə riə /
This road has hotels and superior restaurants,
which features views of the Saigon River in the
afternoon.
128
22 Cầu vượt Overpass (n) /‘ə ʊ və pɑ :s
/
We will enjoy the famous dishes 7 kilometers
away fromAn Sương overpass to the right.
23 Cây cao su Rubber tree /ˈ rʌ bə r
triː / There are rubber trees in Cu Chi district.
24 Cây cau Areca tree /ˈ arɪ kə /
/ə ˈ riː kə / Areca tree is normally high.
25 Cây mía Sugarcane (n) /ˈ ʃ ʊ ɡ ə
keɪ n/
Sugarcane is tropical grass which is used to
make sugar.
26 Chạm khắc carve (v) - carving (n)
= engrave (v) /kɑ :v/
The names of dead soldiers are carved into a
granite stone tablet with gilded letters.
27 Chất độc da
cam Agent Orange / Dioxin
/ˈ eɪ dʒ ə nt/
/ˈ ɔ ː rɪ nd
ʒ /
The Agent Orange is a poisonous chemical
used by US soldiers during the Vietnam War to
remove the leaves from forests so that they
could see the enemy.
28 Chiếm đóng Occupy (v)
/ˈ ɒ kjupaɪ /
/ˈ ɑ ː kjupa
ɪ /
The capital has been occupied by the rebel
army.
29 Chiến đấu,
trận đánh
Combat
(n)
Conflict
Battle
Combat
(v)
Attack
Against
/ˈ kɒ mbat/ The tunnels were used by Viet Cong soldiers/
troops as hiding spots during combat.
30
Chiến dịch,
cuộc vận
động
Campaign (n) /kæm'pein/ To enter upon a campaign ( mở chiến dịch), …
129
31 Chiến tranh
War (n)
- Warfare (n): activity
of fighting a war
- Warship (n): ship
used in war
- Wartime: period of
war
≠ Peace (n)
/wɔ :[r]/
(UK)
/wɔ :r/ (US)
Ex: The war made many pains for Vietnamese
people
IDM: Have been in the wars (spoken): have
been injured in a flight or an accident
32 Chọn lọc
Choose (v)
- Choose-chose-
chosen
- Choice (n)
- Chossy (adj): very
careful in choosing
= Select (adj, v)
≠ Reject (n, v)
/tʃ uː z/
Ex 1: This poem was chosen from a contest of
217 writings
Ex 2: The managing director decided to choose
Mary to transfer to a representative office in
USA but she rejectedhis offers
33 Chống cự,
cản trở
Resistance (n)
Opposition to sth /ri'zistə ns/
There is a lot of resistance (opposition) to the
idea of a united Europe.
34 Chuông Bell (n) /bel/ The bell is on the left in the main temple
35 Con hạc Stork (n)
/stɔ :k/ (UK)
/stɔ ː rk/
(US)
A stork has appeared in Vietnam’s poems for a
long time.
130
36 Con rùa Turtle (n)
/ˈ tɜ ː .tə l/
(UK)
/ˈ tɝ.tə l
/ (US)
A turtle can live a long time.
The turtle in Hoan Kiem Lake was said to be
more than 100 years old to have found dead in
Central Hanoi in January 2016.
37 Cổng Gate (n) / geit/
The three-door temple gate was constructed in
the ancient style of the nation with round
columns, the yin-yang tiles above.
38 Cổng tam
quan
Three-door temple
gate (n)
/θri: - dɔ :[r]
'templ
Geit/
The Three-door temple gate has
the architecture of the traditional style of
Vietnam.
39 Cột Pillar (n)
= Column (n)
/ˈ pɪ l.ə r/
(UK)
/ˈ pɪ l.ɚ /
(US)
The pillars are the parallel sentences of the poet
Bao Dinh Giang
40 Cột mốc Milestone
landmark
/ˈ mʌ ɪ lstəʊ n/
We just pass the 21st milestone.
41 Cứng cỏi,
ngoan cường Stubborn (adj)
/'stʌ bə n/
Stubborn struggle ( đấu tranh ngoan cường)
42 Cuộc cách
mạng
Revolution (n)
Revolutionary
(adj)
/ˌ revə ˈ lu
ː ʃ n/
/ˌ revə ˈ lu
ː ʃ ə nə ri/
a cultural/social/scientific revolution
Revolutionary army = quân giải phóng
131
43 Cuộc thi
Competition (n)
- competitor (n): A
person who competes
- Compete (v): take
part in a race, contest,
etc
- Competive (adj)
- Competitively (adv)
≠ Cooperation
/ˌ kɒ m.pə ˈtɪ ʃ .ə n/ (U
K)
/ˌ kɑ ː m.pəˈ tɪ ʃ .ə n/
(US)
Ex 1: We are going to take part in “Amazing
Race” competition
Ex 2: Cooperation is always powerfuland
advantageous in the fierce competition.
44 Cựu chiến
binh Veteran (n) /ˈ vɛ tə rə n/
Veteran is a person who had long experience in
war.
45 Cứu hộ
Giải thoát
Rescue (n)
Liberation
Deliveranc
e
Rescure
(v)
Save
/ˈ rɛ skjuː /
Rescue sb/sth from sb/sth
Rescue sb/sth + adj
Firefighters had to rescue 4 people trapped in
their vehicles.
46 Dép lốp
Ho Chi Minh’s
sandals
= rubber tire sandals
/ˈ rʌ bə r/
/ˈ taɪ ə r/
/ˈ sændl/
-The rubber tire sandals were made to wear
backwards so that the tracks they made
appeared to go the opposite direction.
-These sandals are made from recycled tyres
and usually worn by the Vietnamese soldiers.
47 Di tản Evacuate (v)
Evacuation (n)
/ɪ ˈ vækjue
ɪ t/
- evacuate somebody (from…) (to…)
Ex: Children were evacuated from London to
escape the bombing.
48 Dịch vụ Service (n) /triː t/ Shooting area is the most attractive service.
132
49 Đá hoa
cương Granite /ˈ ɡ rænᵻ t/
Graniteis extensively used as flooring tiles in
public and commercial buildings and
monuments
50 Đặc sản
Special
dishes/speciality/
specialty (n)
/‘speʃ ə l
dish/ Cassava is the speciality of Cu Chi tunnel.
51 Đạn (súng
trường) Bullet (n) /ˈ bʊ lɪ t/ There were bullet holes in the door.
52 Đào (đất) Dig (v) /dɪ ɡ /
-The locals used hoes to dig in the soft ground
and used crowbars where the ground was
harder.
-Cu Chi soldiers and locals dug out over
250kms tunnels and trenches by rude tools, such
as: hoes, shovels, bamboo baskets,…
53 Đào thoát Escape (v)/(n) /ɪ ˈ skeɪ p/ The system also has some escape exits to
Saigon River.
54 Đậu phộng Peanut (n) /ˈ piː nʌ t/ At the end of tour, you will be served steamed
tapioca with salt sugar & chopped peanuts.
55 Đền Temple (n) /ˈ tɛ mpə l/ The Ben Duoc temple was built in 1993
56 Đền chính The main temple (n) /ðə mein
'templ/
The main temple’s important place in Ben
Duoc Temple of Martyr Memorial.
57 Địa đạo
(hầm) Tunnel /ˈ tʌ nə l/ We’re entering the Cu Chi tunnels.
58 Điều trị Treat (v) /triː t/ Wild animals are treated before they are
released back into the wild.
133
59 Đoạn hầm
eo hẹp
Narrow section =
Tunnel bottle neck
/ˈ næroʊ /
/ˈ sekʃ n/
/ˈ tʌ nl/
/ˈ bɒ tl/ /nek/
There are also narrow sections that only light
and thin persons could worm their way through.
60 Độc, có chất
độc
Poisonous (adj)
Poison (n)
/’pɔ ɪ zə nəs/
America army sprayed poisons into Vietnam in
war.
61 Đời đời ghi
nhớ
Eternally remember/
eternal appreciation
/ɪ ˈ tɜ ː .nəl.i
rɪ ˈ mem.bər/
“Eternally remember” poem was carved on
the stele
62 Du kích Guerrilla
(also guerilla) /ɡ ə ˈ rɪ lə /
urban guerrillas (= those who fight in
towns)
63 Dũng cảm Brave (adj) /ɪ v/ The 4 soldiers are to receivecitations from the
president for their brave actions.
64 Dưới mặt
đất, ngầm
Underground
(adj)/(adv)
/'ʌ ndə graun
d/
The soldiers in Viet Nam war lived
underground.
65 Gạch
Brick
(n): baked clay used
for building
(v): to close or wall
with brick.
/brik/
Ex: To make (burn) brick
Phrasal verb:
Brick sth IN/UP: to build a wall of bricks
around sth, or to fill sth with bricks
IDM: Drop a brick informal: To make a clumsy
social error
66 Ghép Connect (v)
-Connection (n)
/kə 'nekt/
/kə 'nekʃ n/
IDM: In connection with sb/sth
They connected many bricks together
134
67 Giải phóng
Liberate (v-Liberation
(n)
- Liberated (adj)
= Emancipate, free
/ˈ lɪ b.ə r.e
ɪ t/ (UK)
/ˈ lɪ b.ə .re
ɪ t/ (US)
Ex: As towns and villages were liberated by
these forces, so new revolutionary authorities
were set up.
68 Giao thông
hào Fighting Trench
/ˈ faɪ tɪ ŋ/
/trentʃ /
69 Giọt nước
mắt
Tear (n)(v)
- Tear – tore - torn
- Teardrop (n)
- Tearful (adj): crying
or likely
to cry
- Tearfully (adv)
/tiə [r]/
A tear expresses the Symbol of National Soul’s
image
IDM:
•In tears: crying
Burst into tears: to suddenly start to cry
135
70 Gốm Pottery (n):
/ˈ pɒ t.ə r.i/ (
UK)
/ˈ p.tɚ.i/ (US)
Ex: We will prepare some handmade pottery
goods to be this tour’s souvenir
71 Hầm Bunker (n)
/ 'bʌ ɳ kə (r)
/
Rest bunker
Surgery bunker
72 Hầm/
khoang chứa Chamber/Bunker (n)
/ˈ tʃ eɪ mbə(r)/
/ˈ bʌ ŋkə (r)/
Meeting Chamber = Phòng hội họp
Fighting Bunker = Phòng chiến đấu
Dining Chamber = Phòng ăn
Sleeping Chamber = Phòng ngủ
Food Reserve Bunker = Phòng dự trữ
lương thực
Letter A shape Bunker = Hầm tránh bom
hình chữ A
Medic care Chamber = Phòng chăm sóc y
tế
Military health Chamber = Phòng quân y
Commanding Bunker = Phòng chỉ huy tác
chiến
73 Hàng lưu
niệm
Souvenir (n)
/ˌ suː .və n
ˈ ɪ ə r/ (UK)
/ˌ suː .və ˈnɪ r/ (US)
Besides the impressive stops, historic zone of
Cu Chi Tunnel also has souvenir shops with
over 1300 items of all kinds.
136
74 Hệ thống System /ˈ sɪ stə m/ Get sth out of one's system
75 Hiếu học A desire for learning
/fɒ nd ə v
'lɜ :niη/
A desire for learning is Vietnamese’s tradition
76 Hòa bình
Peace (n
- Peaceful (adj)
- Peacefully (adv)
- Peacetime (n)
≠ War (n)
/pi:s/ (UK,
US)
Ex: Some day in the future, people will live in
peace IDM: Make (your) peace with sb: end an
argument with sb
77 Hoa viên Flower garden (n)
/'flaʊ ə [r]//'g
ɑ :dn/ (UK)
/ˈ flaʊ .ɚ //ˈɡ ɑ ː r.də n/
(US)
The flower garden behind the Temple has the
symbol of National Soul.
78 Hương
(nhang)
Incense
(n): substance that
produces a pleasant
smell when brunt
(v): make sb very
angry
- Burn incense
/ˈ ɪ n.sens/
Ex: We light some incense/ incense sticks for
the martyrs
79 Huyện District
Ward: phuong/ xa /ˈ dɪ strɪ kt/ We’re in District 1.
80 Kẻ thù Enemy (n) /'enә mi/
The enemy had succeeded in stopping our
supplies from getting through.
137
81 Khai hoang
Reclaim (v)
- Reclaimable (adj)
- Reclaimation (n)
/ri'kleim/ The South of Vietnam was reclaimed a long
time ago
82 Khám phá Discover (v) /dɪ ˈ skʌ və/
You can discover the underground tunnel.
83 Khánh thành
Inaugurate (v)
- Inauguration (n)
≠ Close (adj, v)
/ɪ ˈ nɔ ː .ɡ j
ə .reɪ t/
(UK)
/ɪ ˈ nɑ ː .ɡ j
ə .reɪ t/ (US)
Ex1: Ben Duoc Temple of Martyr Memorial
was inaugurated in 1995
TO inaugurate sb AS sth
Ex 2: He’ll be inaugurated as President
Ex 3: In 2014, Dainam wonderland used to be
closed, they made the program free for all
guests (By Tuổi Trẻ newspaper)
84 Khăn rằn
Checked scarf
= Black and white
scarf
/ˈ tʃ ekə rd/
/skɑ ː rf/
If tourists want to pose as a Cu Chi guerilla,
they can be showed by the local guide to dress
up with broad-brimmed hat, rubber sandals,
loose-fitting blouse and checked scarf.
85 Khí hậu Climate (n) /’klaimit/ Vietnam's climate is tropical monsoon.
86 Kho vũ khí
trang bị Ammunition dump (n)
/ˌ æmjuˈ nɪʃ n dʌ mp/
They did venture into the tunnels which they
searched exhaustively for 4 days, finding
ammunition, radio equipment, medical supplies
and food as well as the signs of considerable
Viet Cong presence.
87 Khoai mì
Cassava
= Manioc
= Tapioca root
/kə ˈ sɑ ː v
ə / Cassava is used as food in tropical countries.
138
88 Khói Smoke (n) /smouk/
The alarm should go off automatically as soon
as smoke is detected.
89 Liên lạc Contact (v)/(n)
/’kɑ :ntækt/ If you have any questions, please contact us.
90 Liên quan
đến lịch sử Historical (adj) /his'tɔ rikə l/ Historical studies, historical novel.
91 Liệt sĩ
Martyr
(n): A person who is
killed because of their
religious or other
beliefs
(v): Kill (someone)
because of their
beliefs
/ˈ mɑ ː .tə r/
(UK)
/ˈ mɑ ː tə /
(US)
Ex: Martyrs made too many sacrifices for our
country.
92 Lỗ thông hơi Ventilation hole
= Air hole
/ˌ ventɪ ˈ le
ɪ ʃ n/
/hə ʊ l/
/hoʊ l/
-One of the most important things about the
tunnels was the digging of ventilation holes.
-There are manyventilation holes to get fresh
air down to tunnel systems.
93 Lư hương incence-burner (n) /ˈ ɪ n.sens
'bɜ :nə [r]/ Ex: The incence-burner is on the altar
94 Lương thực Food (n) /fuː d/ All the shops were closed,so we could not buy
any food.
95 Lựu đạn Grenade (n) /ɡ rə ˈ neɪ d
/
Grenade is a small bomb that can be thrown by
hand or fired from a gun.
139
96 Mái nhà
Roof
(n): top covering of a
building, car, etc
(v): cover sth with a
roof
- Roofing (n): material
for making roofs
/ru:f/ Three-door temple gate has a red roof
97
Mạng
lưới/hệ
thống
Network (n)
/ˈ netwɜ ː k/
/ˈ netwɜ ː rk
/
a rail/road/canal network
Cu Chi Tunnels Network
98 Mạo hiểm Risk (v)/ (n) /‘ri:sk/
To take the risk of something
This service is for tourists who wouldlike to
take risks and arenot afraid of the dark.
99 Mè Sesame seeds /ˈ sesə mi/
/siː ds/
Sesame seeds may be tiny, but they have
huge health benefits.
Vietnamese Toasted Sesame Seeds and
Peanut Salt (Muối Vừng)
100 Mẹ Việt
Nam
Vietnamese mother
(n)
/ˌ vjet.nə ˈmiː zˈ mʌ ð.
ə r/
Vietnamese mothers are so noble
101 Mét Meter (n) /'mi:tə / A stone tablet is 3 meters high
102 Mìn Mine (n) /maɪ n/ Delay mine = Mìn nổ chậm
103 Mô phỏng Imitate (v) /ˈ ɪ mɪ teɪ t
/ The starling bird can imitate the human voice.
140
104 Mở rộng Expand (v) /ɪ kˈ spænd/
- I don’t think we should expandour business in
the current economic climate.
-A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.
105 Muối tôm Shrimp salt (n)
/ʃ rɪ mp
sɔ :lt/
Shrimp salt is traditional food of Tay Ninh.
One of the specialties in Tay Ninh is the famous
shrimp salt which has been gaining a
worldwide popularity in the recent years.
106 Nằm ở giữa Middle
- In the middle of
/'midl/
The inscription house’s in the middle of Ben
Duoc Temple of Martyr Memorial
107 Ngã tư Crossroads /ˈ krɔ ː sro
ʊ dz/
An Suong crossroads is the starting point of
highway 22.
108 Ngầm/ dưới
mặt đất
Underground (adi)/
(adv)
/ˌ ʌ ndə ˈ ɡraʊ nd/
There are many underground Water Wells in
Cu Chi.
109 Nghi lễ
Ritual (n, adj)
= Rite (n)
=ceremony (n)
/ˈ rɪ tʃ .u.ə l
/
Ex: Incense-burning rituals
IDM: rite of passage: ceremony or event that
marks an important stage in somebody’s life
110 Ngừng bắn Ceasefire (n) /ˈ siː sfaɪ ə(r)/
On January 15, 1973, President Richard Nixon
ordered a ceasefire of the bombings in North
Vietnam.
111 Người lính,
quân nhân
Soldier (n)
trooper, fighter,
warrior
/'souldʒ ə / My grandfather was a soldier.
141
112 Nhà văn
Poet (n)
= Writer
poem (n): bài thơ
/ˈ pə ʊ .ɪ t/
(UK)
/ˈ poʊ .ə t/
(US)
Ex: The poem of Viễn Phương poet was
choosen
113 Nhà văn bia The inscription house
(n)
/ðə
in'skrip∫n
haʊ s/
The inscription house’s in front of the main
temple.
114 Nơi ẩn náu Shelter (n) /'ʃ eltə (r)/
shelter (from something) protection from rain,
danger or attack.
They opened a shelter to provide Temporary
housing for the city’s homeless.
115 Nón tai bèo Broad-brimmed cap
/hat
/brɔ ː d/-
/brɪ mid/
/kæp/
If tourists want to pose as a Cu Chi guerilla,
they can be showed by the local guide to dress
up with broad-brimmed hat, rubber sandals,
loose-fitting blouse and checked scarf.
116 Núi
Mountain (n)
- Mountaineer (n): A
person who is skilled
at climbing mountain
- Mountainous (n)
- Mountaineering (n)
/ˈ maʊ n.tɪ n
/ (UK)
/ˈ maʊ n.tə n
/ (US)
Ex: The stone was taken from Ngũ Hành
Sơnmountain
117 Phân tán Disperse (v) /dɪ ˈ spɜ ː r
s/
-The seeds are dispersed by the wind.
-The fog began to disperse.
118 Pháo Shell (n) /ʃ el/
Artillery and mortar shells were landing in the
outskirts of the city.
142
Nghĩa khác của Shell (n) vỏ ốc.
Idioms: “come out of your shell” (ra khỏi vỏ
bọc/thật sự lột xác)
He’s really come out of his shell since he met
Marie.
119 Phụ lưu Tributary (adj, n) /ˈ trɪ bjʊ t(ə)ri/
Bọ Cạp river is a tributary of Sài Gòn river.
120 Phương tiện Means (n) /mins/
We need to find some other means of
transportation.
You can use a variety of means to go to the Cu
Chi tunnel.
121
Quân
đội/đoàn
quân
Army (n)
(plural: armies)
= Military
/ˈ ɑ ː mi/
(UK)
/ˈ ɑ ː rmi/
(US)
/ˈ mɪ lə tri/
(UK)
US Army = American Army
The American military bases.
143
/ˈ mɪ lə teri/
(US)
122 Quân lính,
quân đội Military (n)/(adj) /'militri/ Military zone, military uniform
123 Quốc lộ 22
Highway 22
Main road, main route,
freeway
/ˈ hʌ ɪ weɪ / Highway 22 is about 58 km long.
124 Quyển sách
Book (n)
- Book (v): order sth
in advance
- Booking (n):
arrangement that is
made in advance
- Bookkeeper (n):
person whose job is to
keep an accurate
record of the accounts
of a business
/bʊ k/ (UK,
US)
Ex 1: It looks like a book
Ex 2: We want to book a room with a sea view
in the hotel
125 Rầm rộ
Thrive(v) – thrived –
thrived
Thrive – throve –
thriven (US)
The movement of digging tunnels increasingly
thrived, stayed strong everywhere, the old and
the young, boys and girls participated with
excitement to establish fighting tunnel.
126 Sầu riêng Durian (n) /ˈ dʊ ə rɪ ən/
Durian smells bad to some people.
127 Sông River (n) /'rivə /
Saigon River flows through the Cu Chi tunnels
144
128 Sự bắn, sự
phóng đi Shooting (n) /'∫u:tiη/ They are shooting the people.
129 Sự đào, sự
bới Dig (v)
/dɪ g/
Dig + into/for = search, reseach
Vietnam military dug Cu Chi tunnel in war.
130 Sư đoàn
(quân sự)
Division (n)
Infantry
Division = Sư
đoàn bộ binh
/dɪ ˈ vɪ ʒ n/
/ˈ ɪ nfə ntri/
The 25thInfantry Division (Tropical
Lighting Division) = Sư đoàn Bộ binh số
25 (Sư đoàn Tia Chớp Nhiệt Đới)
The 1st Infantry Division (Red One
Division) = Sư đoàn Bộ binh số 1 (Sư
đoàn Anh Cả Đỏ)
131 Sự ngụy
trang Camouflage (n)
/'kæmə flɑ :
ʒ /
The whiteness of polar bears provides
camouflage
• a camouflage jacket (= covered with green and
brown marks and worn by soldiers)
• troops dressed in camouflage.
132 Tấm bia Stele (n)
- Stelae (plural)
/'sti:li/
The stele weighs 3,7 tons
133 Tấn Ton (n) /tʌ n/ This stone weighs 18 tons
134 Tầng
Storey (n)
- Storeys (plural)
=Floor (n)
/'stɔ :ri/
This tower has 9 storeys
145
135 Tầng hầm Basement (n):
/ˈ beɪ s.mənt/ (UK)
/ˈ beɪ s.mənt/ (US)
Ex: Basement is located underground
Be based (v) + on: Dựa vào
Ex: Our company can design the tour itinerary
based on your requirements
136 Thả (bom) Drop (v) /drɒ p/
/drɑ ː p/
-The US army dropped the bombs, but the
locals took the fragments and sold them for
scrap to buy food.
137 Tham quan Visit (v) /ˈ vɪ zɪ t/ We will visit Cu Chi tunnel next time.
138 Thán phục Admire (v)
Admiration (n)
/ə d’maiə (r)
/
Cu Chi Tunnels areadmired by works deep in
the ground.
139 Thanh cao
Nobility
= elegance (adj)
≠ Coarse (adj), crude
(adj)
/nə ˈ bɪ l.ə .
ti/ (UK)
/noʊ ˈ bɪ l.ə.ti/ (US)
Ex 1: A stork expresses Vietnamese’s nobility.
Ex 2: His words are very coarse.
140 Tháp Tower (n)
/taʊ ə r/
(UK)
/ˈ taʊ .ɚ /
(US)
Bitexco tower is the highest tower in Ho Chi
Minh city.
141 Thịt bò tơ Veal (n) /viː l/ Veal is the speciality of Cu Chi district.
142 Thưởng thức Enjoy (v) /in’dʒ ɔ i/ You should come to enjoy this dish.
143 Thuyền Ship (n) / ʃ ip /
Sightseeing tourists can use swan-shaped,
kayak ship to enjoy the panoramic views of the
East-Sea-resembled Lake.
146
Kayak excursion in Ben Duoc
144 Tiền hiền,
hậu hiền
Ancestor (n
- Ancestry (n): a line
of ancestor
- Ancestral (adj)
/ˈ æn.ses.tə r
/ (UK)
/ˈ æn.ses.tɚ /
(US)
Ex: The incense tables of ancestors are set on
the left and right.
145 Tổ mối Termite mound /ˈ tɜ ː maɪ t
/ /maʊ nd/
Termite mounds are used to camouflage fightin
bunkers.
146 Trang
nghiêm
Solemn (adj-Solemnly
(adv)
- Solemness (n)
- Solemnity (n): A
thing people do at a
serious event
= Serious (adj)
≠ Cheerful (adj)
/ˈ sɒ l.ə m/
(UK)
/ˈ sɑ ː .lə m/
(US)
Ex: We must be solemn when we go to temples.
Ex 2: She’s in a cheerful mood
147 Tranh chấp Dispute (v)-(n) /dɪ ˈ spjuː t/ Disputing area = vùng tranh chấp
148 Trầu Betel /ˈ biː .tə l/ Old people in Viet Nam often chew betel.
149 Trống
Drum (n)(v)
- Drummer (n): a
person who plays
drum
- Drumstick (n): A
thing is used for
beating a drum
/drʌ m/ (UK,
US)
Ex: There are 5 drums in the main temple
Phrasal verb:
Drum sth INTO sb: teach sth to sbby
frequent repeating.
Drum sth UP: try hard to get support,
customers, etc.
147
150 Trực thăng Helicopter (n)
/ˈ hɛ lɪ ˌ k
ɒ ptə r ,
ˈ hilɪ ˌ kɒ p
tə r/
Helicopter was used by America army in
Vietnam war.
151 Trung tâm
văn hóa Cultural center(n) /’kʌ ltʃ ə /
Ho Chi Minh City has been a cultural and
economic centerof Viet Nam.
152 Trường tồn,
vĩnh hằng
Eternal (adj-Eternally
(adv)
= everlasting,
perpetual, immortal…
≠ transient (adj)
/ɪ ˈ tɜ ː .nəl/ (UK)
/ɪ ˈ tɝː .nəl/ (US)
Ex: "Eternal flame" is my favourite song.
153 Truyền
thống
Tradition (n)
- Traditional (adj)
- Traditionally (adv)
≠ innovation: a new
idea or method
/trə 'di∫n/
The old people in the village still observe the
local traditions.
The Tradition of heroism.
154 Tuyệt vời
Great (adj)
Fantastic (adj)
Enjoyable (adj)
/greit/ This is the greatest experience during my visit
to the Cu Chi tunnels.
155 Tượng Statue (n) /'stæt∫u:/ In the middle of the main temple is the statue
of Hồ Chi Minh.
156 Tưởng
nhớ/ghi nhớ
commemorate (v)
/kə 'memə 'r
eiʃ n/
A statue has been built to commemorate the
rooth anniversary of the poet’s birthday.
148
157 Ụ chiến đấu Fighting Bunker /ˈ faɪ tɪ ŋ/
/ˈ bʌ ŋkə r/
158 Ủy viên Commissioner /kə 'mi∫ə nə / High commissioner (cao ủy)
159 Vách Wall (n) /'wɔ :l/
Ex: The main temple’s wall has pottery picture
IDM:
Drive sb up the wall:
to make someone extremely angry
Go to the wall:
-to be destroyed or fail. To do everything
you can
-to achieve something or help someone
(US)
Hit the wall:
to reach a point when you
are running, exercising, playingsports, etc.
where you are
so physically tired you feel you
cannot continue
149
Phrasal verb:
Wall sth/sb IN: surround sth/sb with a
wall or barrier
Wall sth OFF: separate on place or area
from another with a wall or bricks
Wall sth UP: block sth with a wall or
bricks
160 Văn bia, văn
mộ Epitaph
/ˈ ɛ pɪ tɑ ː f
/
How would you like to be remembered in your
epitaph?
161
Vì nước
quên mình –
Đời đời ghi
nhớ
Sacrificing yourselves
for the sake of the
countrylest we forget.
Inside the main temple, on the top written: "Last
we forget, sacrificing yourselve for the sake of
the country"
162 Vũ khí Weapon (n) /ˈ wepə n/
An instrument of attack or defense in combat,
as a gun, missile, or sword
Seft-made weapons (n) = vũ khí tự tạo
163 Vùng “Tam
giác sắt”
Iron Triangle
/ˈ aɪ ə n/
/ˈ aɪ ə rn/
/ˈ traɪ æŋɡ l/
150
The 25th Division of the U.S Army encamped
in Dong Du base, Cu Chi (on January 3, 1965)
and opened many violently mopping up
operations in Cu Chi to destroy the “Iron
Triangle”.
164 Vùng oanh
tạc tự do Free-strike Zone
/friː /-
/straɪ k/
/zə ʊ n/ (UK)
/zoʊ n/(US)
a “free-strike zone” meaning that little (if
any) permission was required to carry out
any form of attack on the area.
165 Vượt (qua
sông)
Cross
(v): go across sth,
extend from one side
to the other of sth
(n): mark made by
drawing one line
across another, a
symbol of Christianity
(adj): annoyed, angry
- Crossness (n)
- Crossly (adv)
/krɒ s/ (UK)
/krɑ ː s/
(US)
Ex: They’re crossing the river
IDM: Have a (heavy) cross to bear: Have a
difficult problem to deal with
166 Xà beng Crowbar (n)
/ˈ krə ʊ bɑː (r)/
/ˈ kroʊ bɑ ːr/
-The locals used hoes to dig in the soft ground
and used crowbars where the ground was
harder.
-Cu Chi soldiers and locals dug out over
250kms tunnels and trenches by rude tools, such
as: hoes, shovels, bamboo baskets,…
151
167 Xây dựng
Build (v)
- Build - built – built
- Building (n):
structure with a roof
and walls.
= Contruct (v)
/bɪ ld/ Ex: Ben Duoc Temple of Martyr Memorial was
built in 1993
168 Xe tăng Tank (n) /tæŋk/ Shred of tank = xác xe tăng
CÁC LOẠI BẪY CHÔNG
1 Chông bật Swinging-up trap
/ˈ swɪ ŋɪ ŋ/-
/ʌ p/
/træp/
Swinging-up trap was used in the water. When
soldiers would cross a stream, their leg would
slide into the trap and any attempt to pull it out
shoved the spikes farther into their leg.
152
2 Chông bổ Door trap /dɔ ː (r)/
/træp/
This is the full bodydoor trap and it was hidden
above doors. The bottom row of spikes was
designed for the genitals.
3 Chông cánh
cửa Window trap
/ˈ wɪ ndoʊ /
/træp/
A Window Trap opens like a window and full
of metal spikes.
4 Chông cần
cối See-saw trap
/ˈ siː sɔ ː /
/træp/
The see-saw trap would swing and get the
victim several times.
When the victim steps on the side without
spikes, the other side full of spikes will smash
into the victim’s face or chest.
153
5 Chông ghế
xếp Folding chair trap
/ˈ fə ʊ ldɪ ŋ/
/ˈ foʊ ldɪ ŋ/
/tʃ eə (r)/
/tʃ er/
/træp/
Basically a small hole covered with leaves. The
victim’s foot is impaled when stood on.
6 Chông hom Fish trap /fɪ ʃ / /træp/
This fish trap was stuck under a hidden hole that
was covered with leaves or grass. When the
soldier would fall in, his leg would get stuck in
this trap like a fish or lobster trap. Mines would
be put under the trap.
7 Chông kẹp
nách Clipping armpit trap
/ˈ klɪ pɪ ŋ/
/ˈ ɑ ː rmpɪ t
/ /træp/
154
8 Chông thò Sticking trap /stɪ kɪ ŋ/
/træp/
9 Chông tre Bamboo trap
/
bæmˈ buː tr
æp/
Vietnamese soldiers used bamboo trap in war.
10 Chông trụ
quay Rolling trap
/ˈ rə ʊ lɪ ŋ/
/ˈ roʊ lɪ ŋ/
/træp/
This rolling trap was made so that when a
soldier would fall in, these spikes would rotate
(turn around) and cut them all the way down
their body.
11 Hầm chông
nắp tự động
Booby trap with
bamboo spikes
/ˈ buː bi/
/træp/
/ˌ bæmˈ bu
ː / /spaɪ ks/
The locals dug a deep hole with a trap at the
bottom. Then, they camouflaged it to look like
flat ground. The enemy would step on it and fall
into the hole.
155
MY THO – BEN TRE TOUR (*)Tham khảo từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, phiên bản lần 9
ST
T
TIẾNG
VIỆT TIẾNG ANH
PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC
TẾ(*) GỢI Ý CÁCH DÙNG
1 Án thờ/bệ thờ Altar (n) /ˈ ɔ ː ltə r/ the high altar of the church/temple.
The altars were decorated with images.
2 Anh hùng Hero (n)
/ˈ hɪ ə rə ʊ / (UK)
/ˈ hiː roʊ / (US)
In 1861, the hero Nguyen Trung Truc
burned down the L’Esperance Warship at
Nhat Tao canal.
3 Áo choàng Robe (n) /roʊ b/ He always dressed in traditional Buddhist
robes.
4 Bậc tam cấp
Three - step
staircase
(= Perron)
/θriː / /step/
/ˈ steə keɪ s/
The Kh’leang Pagoda roof was built in a
three-step staircase method, each has three
layers.
5 Bán lẻ
Retail
retailer (n) người
bán lẻ
/ˈ riː teɪ l/ -The recommended retail price is 2USD.
-After leaving the wholesale market, we
took off for a small retail market.
-The buyers at the floating markets can
also be sellers serving local retail markets.
6 Bán sỉ
Wholesale
wholesaler (n)
người bán sỉ
/ˈ hoʊ lseɪ l/
/ˈ hoʊ lseɪ lə r/ Binh Tay Market is a big wholesale
market in Ho Chi Minh City.
7 Bánh hỏi Steamed rolls made
of rice-flour
*Steamed rolls made of rice-flour is a kind
of extremely thin noodles that are woven
156
(angel hair steamed
rolls vermicelli)
into bundles and often topped with
chopped green onion and served with
grilled pork.
8 Bánh tráng Girdle-cake
(Rice-paper) /ˈ ɡ ɜ ː rdl//- /keɪ k/
The trade of making girdle cake not only
helps locals get out of poverty and
improve their lives, but also maintains a
traditional culture of Vietnamese people.
Girdle-cake mix = bánh tráng trộn
9 Bầu cử Election (n) /iˈ lek.ʃ ə n/
presidential elections (bầu cử tổng
thống)
election campaign (chiến dịch vận
động bầu cử)
10 Bến phà Ferry station (n) /ˈ feri/
-We caught the ferry across the river.
-The ferry departs at 8 p.m.
-There are many bus stops at Bình Khánh
Ferry Station everyday.
11 Bệnh nhân Patient (n) /ˈ peɪ ʃ nt/
The patient was admitted to hospital
yesterday.
Patient (adj) = kiên nhẫn.
12 Biển Đông East Sea (n) /iː st/ /siː /
Ho Chi Minh City borders Tay Ninh and
Binh Duong Provinces to the North, Dong
Nai and Ba Ria – Vung Tau Provinces to
the East, Long An Province to the West
and the East Sea to the South.
13 Biểu diễn Performance (n)
Perform (v)
/pə rˈ fɔ ː rmə ns/
/pə rˈ fɔ ː rm/
-The performance starts at seven.
157
-Please refrain from talking during the
performance.
14 Bờ biển Coastline (n) /ˈ koʊ stlaɪ n/
- The coastline stretches for miles.
- Viet Nam's coastline is 3260 kilometres
long.
15 Bông bí Pumpkin flower /ˈ pʌ mpkɪ n/
/ˈ flaʊ ə r/
Pumpkin flowers are used mainly in
Southern Vietnamese cooking. They can
be mixed into salads, stir-fried, put in a
clear soup, or stuffed with prawn.
16 Bưởi da xanh Green-skin grape
fruit
/ɡ riː n/-/skɪ n/
/ˈ ɡ reɪ p.fruː t/
Ben Tre Province has many specialties,
such as: Chợ Lách rambutan, Cái Mơn
durian, Mỹ Lồng rice-paper, green-skin
grape fruit, Binh Đai’s seafood, Phu Le
rice-wine and coconut candies.
17 Cá cơm Anchovy
(pl. anchovies) /ˈ æntʃ oʊ vi/
-Anchovy is a small fish with a strong
salty flavour.
-Southeast Asian fish sauce is often made
from anchovies.
18 Cá kho tộ
Vietnamese Braised
Fish in Clay Pot
/ˌ vjetnə ˈ miː z/
/breɪ zd/
/kleɪ / /pɒ t/
While Pho may be a special treat to eat on
occassional weekends, Ca Kho Tois a dish
that families routinely eat on a regular
basis.
19 Cá lóc nướng
trui
Grilled mudfish by
straw
/ɡ rɪ ld/ /mʌ d-fɪ ʃ /
/strɔ ː /
Grilled mudfish by straw can be served
with rice noolde, vegetable, rice-paper and
sweet and sour fish sauce.
158
20 Cá sấu Crocodile =
Alligator /ˈ krɑ ː kə daɪ l/
-In addition, tourists can be entertained
withthe crocodile fishing, walking in the
fruit garden, buying handicrafts…
crocodile tears (nước mắt cá sấu)
21 Cá tai tượng Giant gourami
(Elephant ear fish)
/ˈ dʒ ʌ ɪ ə nt
ˈ ɡ ʊ ə rə mi/
Fried yellow-tailed catfish??? Crispy
fried elephant fish with ginger fish
sauceis one of the most popular dishes in
Mekong Delta restaurant. Deep-fried and
mixed with rice noodles, lettuce,
cucumber and pineapple stuffed into a rice
paper wrap and dipped in a typically fresh
Vietnamese sauce.
22 Cái khuôn
Mould (n)
(especially US
English mold)
/moʊ ld/
-Pour the chocolate into a heart-shaped
mould.
-They broke the mould when they made
you (= there is nobody like you).
-Idioms: “break the mould” (of something)
= phá vỡ khuôn phép/quy tắc.
Ex: She succeeded in breaking the mould
of political leadership.
23 Cải lương Renovated Opera /ˈ renə veɪ tid/
/ˈ ɒ prə /
Cai Luong (Renovated Opera) appeared in
the Southern Vietnam in the 1920s.
24 Cái rãnh Groove (n) /ɡ ruː v/ groove of the mould: khe rãnh của cái
khuôn
25 Cảm hứng Inspiration (n) /ˌ ɪ nspə ˈ reɪ ʃ n/ Fish sauce is a source of inspiration for
Vietnamese literature.
159
“Nước mắm ngon dầm con cá đối – Em
biểu anh chờ để tối em qua”.
26 Cau Areca = betel nut /ˈ e-riə -kə /
-Betel and areca are essential gifts in the
engagement and wedding ceremonies as
well as during conversations in Vietnam.
-Betel and areca are used to start talking
and help people become closer and more
open with each other.
27 Cầu vượt
Overbridge =
overpass.
Foot overbridge
/ˈ oʊ və rbrɪ dʒ /
/fʊ t
ˈ oʊ və rbrɪ dʒ /
Overbridges reduce traffic-jams in Ho Chi
Minh City in the rush-hour.
28 Cây bồ đề Bodhi Tree (n) /‘boʊ dɪ / /triː /
-Many temples throughout the Buddhist
world have Bodhi trees.
-In front of the Pagoda, there is a statue of
Shakyamuni Buddha meditating under the
Bodhi Tree.
29 Cây tùng Pine (n) /paɪ n/ The pine trees are honored Chinese
symbols for long life.
30 Chánh
điện/điện thờ Main sanctuary/hall /ˈ sæŋktʃ ueri/
The main hall is decorated with many
statues made out of wood and terracotta.
31 Chanh vỏ
vàng Lemon /ˈ lem.ə n/
Limes and lemons are from the same
citrus fruit family rich in vitamin C but
different in color.
160
32 Chanh vỏ
xanh Lime /laɪ m/
Limes and lemons are from the same
citrus fruit family rich in vitamin C but
different in color.
33 Châu Âu
Europe (n).
European (n):
người Châu Âu
/ˈ jʊ rə p/
/ˌ jʊ rə ˈ piː ə n/
The front of the pagoda is designed in a
style that mixes European and Asian
architecture.
34 Chi lưu/nhánh Branch (n) /bræntʃ /
As the Mekong River enters Cambodia, it
broadens and is eventually divided into
two main branches – the Upper River and
the Lower River.
35 Chiến hạm
Warship (n) /ˈ wɔ ː rʃ ɪ p/ In 1861, the hero Nguyen Trung Truc
burned down the L’Esperance Warship at
Nhat Tao canal.
36 Chợ nổi Floating market /ˈ flə ʊ tɪ ŋ/
/ˈ mɑ ː kɪ t/
-The tropical fruits are transported on
small boats to floating markets where they
are sold to wholesale dealers.
-Floating markets are held every morning
from 5:00 to about 9:00.
37 Chổng chéo/
chằng chịt
nhau
Criss-cross (n) /ˈ krɪ s krɔ ː s/
a criss-cross of streets.
The delta is quite flat and criss-
crossed by rivers and canals.
38 Chữ cái
Latinh Latin alphabet /ˈ lætn/ /ˈ ælfə bet/
How many letters are there in the English
alphabet?
39 Chữ triện Seal character /siː l/ /ˈ kærə ktə r/
-Idioms: my lips are sealed (kín như bưng)
(used to say that you will not repeat
somebody’s secret to other people)
161
40 Chua Sour (adj) /ˈ saʊ ə r/
sour apples
a sour flavour
sweet-and-sour: chua ngọt
41 Chúa Nguyễn The Nguyen Lord /lɔ ː rd/
-The Nguyen Lords set up their
administration in the late 17th century.
-Idioms: Lord (only) knows (what, where,
why, etc.)… - CÓ CHÚA MỚI BIẾT!
Ex: “Why did she say that?” - “Lord
knows!”
42 Chuẩn Đề Bồ
Tát
Mother of 5
Buddhas of
Cardinal Directions
/ˈ mʌ ðə r/
/ˈ kɑ ː rdɪ nl/
/dɪ ˈ rekʃ n/
43 Cơ sở vật chất Facility (n) /fə ˈ sɪ lə ti/ a hotel with only basic facilities
162
All rooms have private facilities (= a
private bathroom).
44 Con đuông
dừa
(live) Larva coconut
worm
(pl. larvae)
/ˈ lɑ ː rvə /
/ˈ koʊ kə nʌ t/
/wɜ ː rm/
/ˈ lɑ ː viː /
-Worms live on the tops of coconut trees.
They are white, fat and as big as the little
fingers.
-The most popular dish in local restaurants
is fresh worms served with chili fish-
sauce.
45 Cồn Lân Unicorn island /ˈ juː .nɪ .kɔ ː rn/-
/ˈ aɪ .lə nd/
Unicorn Island is one of four outstanding
islands (Phoenix island, Dragon Island and
Turtle island) of Mekong river.
46 Cồn Long Dragon island /ˈ dræɡ .ə n/-
/ˈ aɪ .lə nd/
Dragon Island is the most populated island
of all 4 islands.
Bee honey tea and the rice-wine are
characteristics in this island.
47 Con nai Deer (n) /dɪ ə (r)/
48 Con nghêu
Clam
/klæm/
163
49 Cồn Phụng Phoenix island /ˈ fiː .nɪ ks/-
/ˈ aɪ .lə nd/
Located 3 km from My Tho, the Phoenix
island is also known as the island of the
coconut religion.
50 Cồn Quy Turtle island /ˈ tɜ ː rtl/-
/ˈ aɪ .lə nd/
En-route we stopped on Turtle Island to
see handicrafts of coconut and candy that
are made there.
51 Cồn/đảo Island (n) /ˈ aɪ lə nd/ a group of tropical islands.
He owns a house on the island.
52 Cổng tam
quan Three-door entrance
/θriː / /dɔ ː r/
/ˈ entrə ns/
-Differing from the other traditional
pagodas, this pagoda hasn't gotthe three-
door entrance.
53 Công viên
phần mềm Software Park
/ˈ sɔ ː ftwer/
/pɑ ː rk/
Ho Chi Minh City is one of the
technological centers of the country. You
can find The Quang Trung Software Park
in District 12 and The Saigon Hi-tech Park
in District 9.
54 Đặc sản
Specalty (n)
Speciality (n)
Speciality
/ˈ speʃ ə lti/
/,spə ʃ i'æliti/
/ˌ speʃ .iˈ æl.ə .ti/
Local specialities: đặc sản địa
phương.
local speciality (đặt sản địa phương)
Tien Giang Province is well known for its
production of speciality - mango and milk
fruit.
55 Đám cưới Wedding (n) /ˈ wedɪ ŋ/
This musical art is performed at parties,
wedding and on the boats along the green
canals.
164
56 Đám tang Funeral (n) /ˈ fjuː nə rə l/
-Hundreds of people attended the funeral.
- A funeral march (nhạc đám ma)
-Idioms: it’s your funeral (đó là việc riêng
của anh)
57 Đàn bầu Monochord (n) /ˈ mɒ nə kɔ ː rd/ Đan Bau is a Vietnamese monochord, a
traditional one-string musical instrument.
58 Đàn nguyệt
(kìm) Moon-shapedlute
/muː n-ʃ eɪ pt/
/luː t/
According to ancient carvings, the moon-
shaped lute appeared in Vietnam in the
11th century.
59 Đàn nhị (cò) Two-stringed fiddle /tuː /-/strɪ ŋd/
/ˈ fɪ dl/
The đan nhi (also called đàn cò) is a
Vietnamese bowed string instrument with
two strings.
60 Dân số Population (n) /ˌ pɑ ː pjuˈ leɪ ʃ n/ Vietnam has a population of nearly 92
million.
61 Dân tộc thiểu
số Ethnic minority
/ˈ eθnɪ k/
/maɪ ˈ nɔ ː rə ti/
The school has 70% of ethnic minority
students.
62 Đàn tranh
Vietnamese
sixteen-stringed
zither
sixteen-chord zither
/ˌ vjetnə ˈ miː z/
/ˌ sɪ ksˈ tiː n-
strɪ ŋd/
/ˈ zɪ ðə r/
The Vietnamese sixteen-stringed zither
appeared in Vietnam in the time of the
Tran dynasty (12th-13th centuries).
63 Đắng Bitter (adj) /ˈ bɪ tə r/
-The drink tasted bitter.
-Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the
mouth.
*Idioms:
-a bitter pill (for somebody) (to swallow)
165
(a fact or an event that is unpleasant and
difficult to accept) “sự thật cay đắng”
64 Đạo Hồi
Islam (n)
Islamic (adj):
thuộc về Hồi
giáo
/ɪ zˈ lɑ ː m/
/ɪ zˈ lɑ ː mɪ k/ You can find the Cham minority in An
Giang Province, who are mostly Islamic
followers.
65 Đạo Khổng
Confucianism (n)
Confucius:
Khổng Tử
/kə nˈ fjuː ʃ ə nɪ z
ə m/
-Hictorically, traditional family structures
in Vietnam were strongly influenced by
Confucianism.
-Confucius lived to the age 73.
66 Đạo Phật
Buddhism (n)
Buddhist:
Phật tử
Buddha (n)
Phật/tượng Phật
Theravada (Southern
Buddhism
Mahayana (Northern
Buddhism)
/ˈ bʊ dɪ zə m/
/ˈ bʊ dɪ st/
/ˈ bʊ də /
/ˌ θerə ˈ vɑ ː də /
/ˌ mɑ ː hə ˈ jɑ ː nə/
Buddhism has the greatest number
of followers in Vietnam.
Most of Khmer ethnic people follow
Theravada Buddhism.
There are about 600 Khmer
Theravada pagodas in the Mekong
Delta.
67 Đạo Thiên
Chúa
Christianity (n)
Catholic (n): tín
đồ Công giáo
/ˌ krɪ stiˈ ænə ti/
/ˈ kæθlɪ k/
- Christianity is the religion that is based
on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the
belief that he was the son of God.
-Notre Dame Cathedral is the biggest
Catholic Church in Ho Chi Minh City.
166
68 Di chỉ khảo cổ Archeological site /ˌ ɑ ː rkiə ˈ lɑ ː dʒɪ kl//saɪ t/
Long An province is well known for the
Bình Tả archeological sites.
69 Di sản
Heritage (n)
Intangible
Cultural
Heritage: Di sản
văn hóa phi vật
thể
/ˈ herɪ tɪ dʒ /
/ɪ nˈ tændʒ ə bl/
-The country has a long and proud
heritage.
-Folk songs are part of our common
heritage.
-Art of Amateur Folk Music in Southern
Vietnam was recognized as the Intangible
Cultural Heritage by Unesco in 2013.
70 Địa hình Topography (n) /tə ˈ pɒ ɡ rə fi/ The map shows the topography of the
island.
71 Địa Tạng
Vương Bồ Tát King of Hell /kɪ ŋ/ /ə v/ /hel/
72 Điểm đến Destination (n) /ˌ destɪ ˈ neɪ ʃ n/
- to arrive at/reach your destination.
Ex: At around 3.00 p.m. we reached our
final destination.
Ex2: The island is an ideal holiday
destination.
Ex3: The city has become a popular
destination for backpackers.
167
73 Diện tích/Khu
vực Area (n) /ˈ eriə /
Meadow Farm is 50 square kilometers in
area.
74 Điêu khắc
Sculpture (n)
sculptor (n) nhà
điêu khắc
/ˈ skʌ lptʃ ə r/ The statue of Amida Buddha in the Phat
Tich Pagoda was one of the first works of
Buddhist sculpture in the North of
Vietnam.
75 Định cư/ổn
định Settle (v) +in… /ˈ setl/
The Chinese came to settle in the present
Cho Lon in 1778.
76 Đồ sứ/sành Porcelain (n) /ˈ pɔ ː rsə lɪ n/
a collection of oriental porcelain.
The design is copied from Japanese
porcelains of the fourteenth century.
77 Đồ thủ công
mỹ nghệ
Handicraft (n)
(North American
English also
handcraft)
/ˈ hændikræft/
Handicraft Villages = Làng nghề.
Traditional handicrafts bought by
tourists.
78 Độc tấu/đơn
ca (play a) solo (v)… /ˈ soʊ loʊ /
After three years with the band he decided
to go solo.
79 Đội quân tóc
dài Long-hair Army
/ˈ lɔ ː ŋher/
/ˈ ɑ ː rmi/
Ben Tre province is the homeland of “the
long-hair army” in the war against the US
and Saigon administration.
80 Đờn ca tài tử (Vietnamese)
Amateur folk music
/ˈ æmə tə r//foʊ k/
/ˈ mjuː zɪ k/
The first ever national Don Ca Tai Tu
Festival was held in Bac Lieu Province
from April 20 to 25, 2014.
81 Đồng Bronze/Copper /brɒ nz/
/ˈ kɒ pə (r)/
Most of statues are made from cooper and
wood.
168
82 Đồng bằng
(sông) Delta (n) /ˈ deltə /
The Mekong Delta was established 2500
years ago.
83 Đông đúc/rậm
rạp
Dense (adj)
densely (adv) /dens/
a dense forest.
areas of dense population.
Ex: With more than 17 million inhabitants,
Mekong Delta is one of the most densely
populated regions in Vietnam.
84 Đóng gói Package (v)/(n) /ˈ pækɪ dʒ / Finnally, you group and swap candy into
packages.(n): bưu kiện, gói hàng
85 Du lịch sinh
thái Eco-tourism (n)
/ˈ iː kə ʊ tɔ ː rɪ zəm/ (UK)
/ˈ iː koʊ tʊ rɪ zə m/
(US)
Some of the most popular attractions to
travelers in Dong Thap Province are
flower villages of Sa Dec, Tram Chim
National Park, Xeo Quit ecotourism site.
86 Dừa nước Nipa (nipa palm) /ˈ niː pə /
-The leaves of nipa palm are one of the
most commonly used material for
thatching.
-Leaves of the nipa palm are used by
locals as roof material for thatched houses
87 Đường chim
bay as the crow flies /kroʊ //flaɪ z/
Ho Chi Minh City is about 1760km from
Hanoi Capital City by land and 50km to
the East as the crow flies.
88 Đường hầm Tunnel (n) /ˈ tʌ nl/
The Thu Thiem Tunnel is an underground
road tunnel designed to cross the Saigon
River in Ho Chi Minh City.
89 Gạch men Enamel tile /ɪ ˈ næml/ /taɪ l/ Japanese enamel tiles (gạch men
Nhật)
169
90 Gấu Bear /beə (r)/
-Bears do love honey and are attracted to
beehives.
-Idioms: like a bear with a sore head (cáu
kỉnh, gắt gỏng)
I should keep out of his way. He’s like a
bear with a sore head this morning.
91 Ghe tam bản Sampan (n) /ˈ sampan/ Sampan is the major means of transport
for people in Mekong Delta.
92 Ghita phím
lõm
Vietnamese sunken-
fret guitar (A guitar
with a sunken fret)
/ˌ vjetnə ˈ miː z/
/ˈ sʌ ŋkə n-fret/
/ɡ ɪ ˈ tɑ ː r/
In 1930, the Vietnamese sunken-fret guitar
was added in Amateur Folk Music’s
instruments.
93 Gia vị Spice (n) /spaɪ s/
-Spices have a strong taste and smell.
-Common spices such as ginger and
cinnamon.
-Idioms:
the spice of life: gia vị cuộc sống
Ex: We need an exciting trip to add
some spice to our lives.
94 Giao thông
Traffic (n)
[uncountable]
Sea traffic
Road traffic
Rail traffic
River traffic
Air traffic
/ˈ træfɪ k/ heavy/rush-hour traffic: giao thông
vào giờ cao điểm
-We were stuck in heavy traffic for over
an hour.
-The traffic was terrible on the way here.
-Traffic was lighter than usual.
170
95 Gỗ mít Jack-fruit tree wood /ˈ dʒ ak – fruː t/
/triː / /wʊ d/
This statue is made from jackfruit tree
wood.
96 Góp ý
Offer/make a
suggestion = to
contribute one’s
idea
/sə ɡ ˈ dʒ estʃ ə n/
-We are always open to suggestions.
-If nobody has any other/further
suggestions, we’ll move on.
97 Gừng Ginger /ˈ dʒ ɪ ndʒ ə r/
ginger ale = gingerade: thức uống
ướp gừng.
gingerly (adj) = thận trọng, cẩn thận.
Bettter comes with ages = Gừng
càng già càng cay.
98 Hàng mẫu,
mẫu thử Sample (n) /ˈ sæm.pə l/
a blood sample.
samples of tissue.
Coconut candy samples.
99 Hành khách
Passenger =
traveller, tourist.
Fellow passenger
(n)
/ˈ pæsɪ ndʒ ə (r)
Ex1: A taxi is picking up a passenger
outside the hotel.
Ex2: She introduced me to some of her
fellow tourist(bạn đồng hành)
100 Hành lang Corridor (n) /ˈ kɔ ː rɪ dɔ ː r/ a corridor that leads to the kitchen.
Go along the corridor, turn left, and you’ll
see his office in front of you.
101 Hành lý Luggage = Baggage
/ˈ lʌ ɡ ɪ dʒ /
/ˈ bæɡ ɪ dʒ /
- Can I leave my hand-luggage here?
- The car has a lot of luggage space.
102 Hình chữ nhật Rectangle (n)
Rectangular (adj)
/'rek,tæɳ gl/
/rekˈ tæŋɡ jə lə r/
Please, cut the candy into small
rectangular pieces.
171
103 Hoa cúc Chrysanthemum
/Daisy /krɪ ˈ sænθə mə m/
Buddhists use Chrysanthemums as
offerings on altars because they
symbolizes powerful Yang energy. (Yin
and Yang: âm dương - in Chinese
philosophy)
104 Hoa lan Orchid (n) /ˈ ɔ ː rkɪ d/ The Orchid is a symbol of perfection and
elegance.
105 Hoa mai Apricot (n)
blossom (n)
/ˈ æprɪ kɑ ː t/
/'blɔ sə m/
Apricot and peach trees are the signal of
spring season.
106 Hoa mẫu đơn Peony (Flower)
(pl. peonies) /ˈ piː ə ni/
The Peony is the national flower of China.
107 Hoành phi
Horizontal
lacquered board
(engraved with
Chinese character)
= Horizontal Panels
/ˌ hɒ rɪ ˈ zɒ ntl/
/ˈ lækə rd/ /bɔ ː rd/
172
108 Hoành thánh
Wonton (n)
Dim sum = điểm
tâm
Há cảo = Shrimp
dumpling
Sủi cảo = Pork
dumpling
Cháo quẩy =
Finger-shaped
soufflé batter/
fried bread sticks
/ˌ wɒ nˈ tɒ n/
/ˌ dɪ m ˈ sʌ m/
My wife had the chicken and mushroom
soup, while I had duck noodles and fried
wontons and beer.
109 Hội nhập Integration (n) /ˌ ɪ ntɪ ˈ ɡ reɪ ʃ n/
The theme of the third Coconut Festival
2012 is “Ben Tre Province on the way to
Integration and Development”.
110 Hòn non bộ
Rockery (n)
(pl. rockeries)
(also rock garden)
/ˈ rɑ ː kə ri/ (US)
/ˈ rɒ kə ri/ (UK)
There is a rockery courtyard behind the
temple.
open-air courtyards (sân Thiên Tỉnh)
111 Hợp tác Cooperation (n) /koʊ ˌ ɑ ː pə ˈ reɪʃ n/
On behalf of ABC Company, I’d like to
thank all of you for your cooperation and
for joining our tour.
112 Hướng dẫn
viên
Tour guide = a
person who shows
other people the
way to a place,
especially
somebody
/tʊ ə (r)ɡ aɪ d/
Ex1: I will be your tour guide during the
next few hours.
Ex2: He works as a tour guide in Bangkok.
Ex3: We hired a local guide to get us across
the mountains.
173
employed to show
tourists around
interesting places.
113 Huyền thoại Legend (n) /ˈ ledʒ ə nd/
the legend of Robin Hood
Legend says that the forest is cursed.
Legends say that Vietnam has a
history of four thousand years and
that Vietnamese are descendants of a
Dragon King and Fairy Queen.
114 Kênh đào Canal (n) /kə ˈ næl/ The delta is quite flat and criss-
crossed by rivers and canals.
115 Khí hậu Climate (n) /ˈ klaɪ mə t/
The city has a warm climate.
Nhiệt đới gió mùa: tropical climate
Mùa khô: dry season
Mùa mưa: rainy season
116 Khởi hành
Depart (v) = to
leave a place,
especially to start a
trip.
Departure (n)
-----------------------
Opposite: Arrive (v)
/dɪ ˈ pɑ ː t/
/dɪ ˈ pɑ ː tʃ ə r/
/ə ˈ raɪ v/
- Departure position (n): điểm xuất phát.
- Depart (for…) (from…): Flights for
Rome depart from Terminal 3.
Ex1: She waited until the last of the guests
had departed.
Ex2: Ladies and gentlemen, our bus will
depart in 2 minutes.
- Idioms: Depart this life (=to die)
People say “depart this life” to avoid
saying ‘die’.
174
117 Khu bảo tồn
sinh quyển Biosphere reserve
/ˈ baɪ ə ʊ sfɪ ə (r)//r
ɪ ˈ zɜ ː rv/
Can Gio District is home to Can Gio
Mangrove Forest, which has been listed
as the biosphere reserve by Unesco in
2000.
118 Khu công
nghệ cao Hi-tech Park /haɪ -tek/ /pɑ ː rk/
Ho Chi Minh City is one of the
technological centers of the country. You
can find The Quang Trung Software Park
in District 12 and The Saigon Hi-tech Park
in District 9.
119 Khu công
nghiệp Industrial Zone
/ɪ nˈ dʌ striə l//zoʊ n
/
There are many industrial zones in Ho Chi
Minh City nowadays, such as: Tan Binh,
Tan Tao, Song Than and etc.
120 Khu tưởng
niệm Memorial Complex
/mə ˈ mɔ ː riə l/
/kə mˈ pleks/
-Nguyen Dinh Chieu Memorial Complex
-Nguyen Thi Dinh Memorial Complex
121 Khuấy/trộn Stir (v)(n)
=mix /stɜ ː r/
stir something.
She stirred her tea.
Stir the paint before you use it.
stir something in.
Stir in the milk until the sauce thickens.
Idioms: “stir the blood” (to make
somebody excited) khuấy động…
122 Kiến trúc Architecture /ˈ ɑ ː rkɪ tektʃ ə r/
Dơi, which means “Bat” in English, is one
of the most beautiful pagodas with typical
Khmer architecture.
175
123 La Hán Arhat
18 Arhats /ˈ ɑ ː hə t/
The most valuable collection is the 18
Arhats made from jackfruit tree wood in
1907.
124 Làng nghề
truyền thống
Traditional career
village
/trə ˈ dɪ ʃ ə nl/
/kə ˈ rɪ r/
/ˈ vɪ lɪ dʒ /
You can visit some of traditional career
villages in Ho Chi Minh City, such as:
Betel leaves and vegetables growing in Hoc
Mon District, Lacquer village in Cu Chi
District,…
125 Lập dị, quái
gở Eccentric (n-adj) /ɪ kˈ sentrɪ k/ Most people considered him as eccentric.
126 Lễ hội dừa Coconut Festival /ˈ koʊ kə nʌ t/
/ˈ festɪ vl/
The fourth Coconut Festival was
organized in Ben Tre Province on April 7-
13.
176
127 Lên xe
Get on/in
--------------
Opposite: Get off
/get/ /ɔ n/
/get/ /ɔ :f/
Get in a car
Get on a train/bus
Ex: Get on the vehicle and take your seats,
please.
128 Lịch trình
Itinerary (n)
(pl. itineraries) = a
plan of a journey,
including the route
and the places that
you visit.
/aɪ ˈ tɪ nə rə ri/
Let me introdude the itinerary of the day.
Your itinerary includes a visit to
Stonehenge.
a detailed itinerary
We had to follow a very detailed itinerary.
He drew up a detailed itinerary.
129 Liễn đối
Vertical parallel
panels (engraved
with Chinese
character) = Parallel
sentences
/ˈ vɜ ː rtɪ kl/
/ˈ pærə lel/
/ˈ pænl/
The pagoda has many horizontal lacquered
boards and parallel sentences.
130 Lời ca khúc Lyric (n)/(adj) /ˈ lɪ rɪ k/
Lyric songs = ca khúc trữ tình.???
Lyric poetry = thơ trữ tình???./ poetry
which is in the form of songsand reveals
the poet’s personal thoughts.
131 Lũ, ngập lụt Flood (n) /flʌ d/ flood damage.
177
The child was in floods of tears
(= crying a lot).
132 Lươn Eel (n) /iː l/
as slippery as an eel (trơn tuột như
lươn)
be slippery as an eel (lủi như chạch)
electric eel = cá chình điện, lươn
điện.
133 Mạch nha Malt syrup (n) /mɔ ː lt/ /ˈ sɪ rə p/ Mix the coconut milk with malt syrup and
cook the mixture.
134 Mắm ruốc Shrimp paste /ʃ rɪ mp/ /peɪ st/ Shrimp paste is often an ingredient in dip
for fish or vegetables.
135 Mãng cầu (na) Custard apple (n) /ˈ kʌ stə d, æpl/ In Vietnam, there are basically two kinds
of custard apples: firm and soft.
136 Mật ong Honey (n) /ˈ hʌ ni/ -Honey bag: bọng ong
-Honey skin: da bánh mật
137 Màu mỡ, phì
nhiêu Fertile (adj) /ˈ fɜ ː rtl/
a fertile region/valley.
Mekong Delta is considered as the most
fertile region of Vietnam.
138 Mềm Tender (adj) /ˈ tendə r/
-This meat is extremely tender.
-Boil the beans until they are tender.
-Idioms: at a tender age, at the tender age
of…
(used in connection with somebody who is
still young and does not have much
experience)
Ex: He left home at the tender age of 15.
178
Ex: She shouldn't be having to deal with
problems like this at such a tender age.
139 Men rượu
Yeast (n)
Fermentation: sự
lên men
/jiː st/
/ˌ fɜ ː menˈ teɪ ʃ n/
-Yeast is used to make beer and wine.
-Sugar is converted into alcohol by a
process of fermentation.
140 Môn đồ Disciple (n) /dɪ ˈ saɪ pl/
-She is the beloved disciple of Jesus.
-18 Arhats are the eighteen disciples of
Buddha.
141 Môn Nước
/ˈ tær.ə ʊ / (UK)
/ˈ ter.oʊ / (US)
The locals called this place "Hóc Môn",
meaning "the corner with taro".
142 Mực nang Cuttlefish (n) /ˈ kʌ tlfɪ ʃ / Partially-dried cuttlefish (Mực một
nắng)
143 Muối
Salt
Salty (adj) mặn
/sɔ ː lt/
/ˈ sɔ ː lti/ pepper-and-salt (adj): tóc hoa râm,
tóc muối tiêu
white salt = muối ăn
144 Mứt Marmalade = Jam /ˈ mɑ ː rmə leɪ d/
/dʒ æm/
Strawberry jam.
Idioms: “be in a jam”
(informal) to be in a difficult situation
145 Nạo (dừa) Grate (v) /ɡ reɪ t/ Grate the copra and press them to extract
the coconut milk.
146 Ngó sen Lotus Rootlet /ˈ loʊ tə s/ /ˈ ruː tlit/ Shrimp and Lotus Rootlets Salad = Gỏi
ngó sen tôm thịt.
179
147 Ngoại thành/ô Suburban (n) /sə ˈ bɜ ː rbə n/ Binh Chanh is one of the suburban
districts in Ho Chi Minh City.
148 Ngọc Hoàng Jade Emperor
= King of Heaven
/dʒ eɪ d/
/ˈ empə rə r/
-Do not place the Jade Emperor statue on
the floor or in your bathroom and kitchen.
-The Jade Emperor Pagoda is located at 73
Mai Thi Luu Street, District 1, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam.
149 Ngọt Sweet (adj) /swiː t/
-I need a cup of hot sweet tea.
-You look sweet in this photograph.
-We stayed in a sweet little hotel on the
seafront.
-Idioms: keep somebody sweet (mật ngọt
chết ruồi)
Ex: You’d better keep her sweet if you
want her to lend you the money.
150 Người ăn
chay
Vegetarian (n)
Vegan (n) người
ăn chay trường
/ˌ vedʒ ə ˈ teriə n/
/ˈ viː ɡ ə n/ -Are you a vegetarian?
-I’m a strict vegan.
151 Người bán
hàng rong Vendor(s) /ˈ vendə r/
Street vendors.
Jewellery, food and beverage are offered
by street vendors at every corner.
152 Nguyên
chất/tinh khiết Pure (adj) /pjʊ ə (r)/
-These shirts are 100% pure cotton.
-There are many beaches of pure white
sand in Vietnam.
- Much of the population still does not
have access to pure drinking water.
180
153 Nhà cổ Ancient house /ˈ eɪ nʃ ə nt/ /haʊ s/ Binh Thuy Ancient House is a historical
and architectural spot in this area.
154 Nhà lá
Thatched House
(Vietnamese
thatched cottage)
/θætʃ t/ /haʊ s/
The farmer's thatched house is built
normally for practical uses rather than
beauty.
155 Nhà trăm cột 100-pillar ancient
house
/ˈ hʌ ndrə d/-
/ˈ pɪ lə r/ /haʊ s/
Though it is called the 100-pillar house, it
has a total of 120 pillars, with 68 of them
main pillars.
156 Nhà yêu nước Patriot (n) /ˈ peɪ triə t/
This pagoda provided shelter for
Vietnamese patriots during the American
War.
157 Nhạc cụ Musical instrument /ˈ mjuː zɪ kl/
/ˈ ɪ nstrə mə nt/
Traditional musical instrument: nhạc cụ
truyền thống
158 Nhạc sĩ Musician/Composer /mjuˈ zɪ ʃ n/
/kə mˈ poʊ zə r/
-Early works of a composer: tác phẩm đầu
tay của nhạc sĩ.
-The hundredth anniversary of the
composer’s death: lễ kỷ niệm lần thứ 100
ngày mất của nhà soạn nhạc.
159 Nhang
Incense
- An incense stich:
cây nhang
- Incense burner: lư
hương
/ˈ ɪ nsens/
/ˈ ɪ nsens/
/ˈ bɜ ː rnə r/
Incense isburned in a corner of the
room.
This incense burner was made of
ceramic that was shipped here from
China.
160 Nọc độc Venom/Poison /ˈ venə m/ Tongue full of venom: miệng lưỡi
độc ác.
(His voice was full of venom).
181
Snake venoms work in several ways.
161 Nội thành/ô Urban (n) /ˈ ɜ ː rbə n/ There are 24 urban and suburban districts
in Ho Chi Minh City.
162 Nội thất
Interior
Oposite: Exterior
(ngoại thất)
/ɪ nˈ tɪ ə riə (r)/
/ɪ kˈ stɪ ə riə (r) The original interior of the house has been
replaced.
163 Nước cốt dừa
Coconut milk
-Copra (n) cơm
dừa (the dried meat
of the coconut from
which oil is
extracted)
/ˈ koʊ kə nʌ t/
/mɪ lk/
/ˈ kɑ ː prə / Grate the copra and press them to extract
the coconut milk.
164
Nước giải
khát/nước
ngọt
Soft drink
International
beverage
company
/sɔ ː ft/ /drɪ ŋk/ -“Xá xị”/Sarsiis one of the soft drink that
does not contain alcohol in Vietnam.
-Do you fancy a soft drink with the meal?
165 Nước tương Soy sauce (n)
(soya sauce)
/ˌ sɔ ɪ ˈ sɔ ː s/
Soy sauce is a thin dark brown sauce that
is made from soya beans and has a salty
taste, used in Asian cooking.
166 Nuôi trăn Breeding of python /ˈ briː dɪ ŋ/
/ˈ paɪ θə n/
A lot of people here earn a living by
breeding of python and growing lotus.
167 Phấn hoa Pollen (n) /ˈ pɒ lə n/ These bees visited flowers in search of
pollen.
168 Phật Đản
Sanh Buddha at Birth
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə t/
/bɜ ː rθ/
This is a statue of Buddha at Birth with the
right arm pointing to heaven and the left
arm pointing to Earth.
182
169 Phật Di Lạc
Buddha of the
Future
= Laughing Buddha
= Prosperity
Buddha
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə v/ /ðə /
/ˈ fjuː tʃ ə (r)/
You should purchase a Laughing Buddha
statue with gold nuggets. It is believed he
will bring wealth and prosperity to a home
or business.
170 Phật Dược Sư Medicinal Buddha /mə ˈ dɪ sɪ nl/
/ˈ bʊ də /
Medicinal Buddha is the Buddha of
healing and medicine in Mahayana
Buddhism.
171 Phật Thích Ca Sakyamuni Buddha / 'ʃ aː .kjə .mʊ .nɪ /
The Buddha who is the founder of the
Buddhism religion is called Buddha
Shakyamuni.
172 Phó bảng Junior Doctor /ˈ dʒ uː niə r/
/ˈ dɑ ː ktə r/
Tomb of Junior Doctor Nguyen Sinh Sac
is the famous group of cultural, historical
relics of Đong Thap Province.
173 Phong thủy Feng-shui (n) /ˌ feŋ ˈ ʃ uː i/ =
/ˌ fʊ ŋ ˈ ʃ weɪ /
a Chinese system for deciding the
right position for a building and for
placing objects inside a building in
order to make people feel
comfortable and happy.
174 Phong tục Custom (n) /ˈ kʌ stə m/
- The custom died out in the 19th century.
- It is the custom in that country for
women to marry young.
*Customs = Hải quan.
175 Phổ Hiền Bồ
Tát
Buddha of
Universal
Knowledge
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə v/
/ˌ juː nɪ ˈ vɜ ː rsl/
/ˈ nɑ ː lɪ dʒ /
(riding on a white elephant)
183
176 Phụ xế Driver Assistant (n) /ˈ draɪ və (r)//ə ˈ s
ɪ stə nt/ The driver assistant will take care ofthe
machine in action and keep our bus clean.
177 Phục Hưng Renaissance /rɪ ˈ neɪ sns/ (UK)
/ˈ renə sɑ ː ns/ (US)
It features both Asian and European
Renaissance.
178 Phương thuốc/
Thần dược
Remedy (n)
(pl. remedies) /ˈ remə di/
a herbal remedy.
Beyond remedy: vô phương cứu
chữa.
-Ginger is a popular remedy for morning
sickness.
-The best home remedy for a sore throat is
honey and lemon.
179 Quả địa cầu globe /ɡ loʊ b/ tourists from every corner of the globe
180 Quản lý/quản
trị Administration (n)
/ə dˌ mɪ nɪ ˈ streɪʃ n/
Commander Nguyen Huu Canh was sent
by the Nguyen Lords to establish the first
Vietnamese administration called Gia
Dinh city in 1698.
181 Quan Thế Âm Goddess of Mercy /ˈ ɡ ɒ də s/ /ə v/
/ˈ mɜ ː rsi/
Goddess of Mercy is considered as a
Guardian Angel of Buddhism. She can
heal the sick in the heart and body.
184
182 Rắn hổ mang
Cobra
/ˈ koʊ brə /
Snakes, mostly pythons and cobras are
raised for producing venom and antivenin,
for skins and for food.
183 Rau muống
luộc
Boiled morning
glory
/bɔ ɪ ld/
/ˈ mɔ ː rnɪ ŋ/
/ˈ ɡ lɔ ː ri/
In the Southern Vietnam, morning glory is
often chopped into thin fish-sauce and
eaten as salad or served with many kinds
of noodles.
184 Rừng ngập
mặn
Mangrove Forest /ˈ mæŋɡ roʊ v//ˈ fɔː rɪ st/
My guests got lost in the mangrove forest.
185 Rượu đế Rice-wine /raɪ s/ /waɪ n/
10 kilograms of rice can produce 7 to 8
liters of the strong rice-wine (or 10 liters
of the weak kind)
186 Sân chim
Vàm Hồ
Vàm Hồ Bird
Sanctuary
/bɜ ː rd/
/ˈ sæŋktʃ ueri/
Vam Ho Bird Sanctuary is a famous
tourist attraction of Ben Tre Province.
187 Sáo trúc Bamboo flute /ˌ bæmˈ buː //fluː t/ Vietnamese often play bamboo on the
fields when taking a rest.
188 Sắt Iron (n) /ˈ aɪ ə rn/ The central Iron Gate is always closed.
189 Song lan
(loan) Percussion (n) /pə rˈ kʌ ʃ n/
The Percussion is used for beating time.
185
190 Song tấu/song
ca Duet (n) /duˈ et/
a piano duet
The host of the show did a duet with
one of the guests.
a duet for piano and violin
191 Sơn mài Lacquer (n) /ˈ lækə r/
You can visit some of traditional career
villages in Ho Chi Minh City, such as:
Betel leaves and vegetables growing in Hoc
Mon District, Lacquer village in Cu Chi
District,…
192 Sông Hậu Lower/Bassac River /ˈ loʊ ə r//ˈ rɪ və r/
As the Mekong River enters Cambodia, it
broadens and is eventually divided into
two main branches – the Upper River and
the Lower River.
193 Sông Tiền Upper River /ˈ ʌ pə r//ˈ rɪ və r/
As the Mekong River enters Cambodia, it
broadens and is eventually divided into
two main branches – the Upper River and
the Lower River.
194 Sự cấp
bách/khẩn cấp
Emergency (n)
(pl. emergencies) /iˈ mɜ ː rdʒ ə nsi/
-I always have some extra cash with me
for emergencies.
186
Trạm cấp cứu:
first-aid station
-This door should only be used in an
emergency
195 Tài năng Talent (n) /ˈ tælə nt/
Talent (for something/for doing
something): they have a talent for
literature and music.
The festival attracts talent from all over
the country.
196 Tài xế
Driver (n) = a
person who drives a
vehicle
/ˈ draɪ və (r)/ - A bus/train/ambulance/taxi driver.
Ex: Let me introduce our driver today:
Mr.Bảo. He is very funny and careful.
197 Tam tấu/tam
ca Trio (n) /ˈ triː oʊ / a trio for piano
198 Táo quân Kitchen God /ˈ kɪ tʃ ɪ n/ /ɡ ɒ d/
The Vietnamese believe that Kitchen God
takes care of the kitchen and protects the
family.
199 Tàu không
gian (space) shuttle /ˈ ʃ ʌ tl/
Shuttle bus: xe buýt chạy tuyến
đường ngắn.
200 Thặng dư Surplus (n) /ˈ sɜ ː rplə s/
Mekong Delta is considered the country’s
rice basket that produces enough rice to
feed the country and a surplus for export.
201 Thánh địa
Đạo Dừa
Holy land of
Coconut Religion
(Medium Religion)
/ˈ hoʊ li/ /lænd/ /ə v/
/ˈ koʊ kə nʌ t/
/rɪ ˈ lɪ dʒ ə n/
Next, we will visit Phoenix Island and find
out the Holy land of Coconut Religion.
202 Thế kỷ Century (n)
(pl. centuries) /ˈ sentʃ ə ri/
- It was built in the 20th century.
- The city’s population doubled during the
19th century.
187
= a period of 100
years
- Idioms: the turn of the century/year.
Ex: It was built at the turn of the century.
203 Thiền định Meditation (n) /ˌ med.ə ˈ teɪ .ʃ ə n/
religious meditation (sự thiền định)
meditations on the cause of society’s
evils (sự suy ngẫm về những điều ác
trong xã hội)
204 Thiêng liêng Sacred (adj) /ˈ seɪ krɪ d/ a sacred image/shrine/temple.
205 Thịt kho tàu
Stewed pork with
caramel/ Braised
pork
(Pork braised in
coconut juice with
eggs)
/stjuː d/ /pɔ ː rk/
/ˈ kærə mel/ Stewed pork with caramel is one of the
many classic examples of Vietnamese
home-cooking at its best.
206 Thờ cúng Worship (n)(v) /ˈ wɜ ː rʃ ɪ p/
Ancestor worship in Vietnam is not a
religion.
207 Thùng gỗ Vat (of wood) /væt/
a vat of whisky.
VAT /ˌ viː eɪ ˈ tiː / - the
abbreviation for “value added tax”.
208 Thuốc Bắc Chinese traditional
medicine
/ˌ tʃ aɪ ˈ niː z/
/trə ˈ dɪ ʃ ə nl/
/ˈ medɪ sn/
There are many stores in Cho Lon selling
Chinese traditional medicine.
Idioms: Laughter is the best medicine.
(Một nụ cười bằng 10 thang thuốc bổ)
209 Thuốc chữa
rắn cắn (snake) Antivenin /æntiˈ vinin/ How much Antivenom is available?
210 Thuộc địa Colony /ˈ kɑ ː lə ni/ life in colonial times
188
(pl. colonies)
Colonial (adj):
thực dân
Colonialism (n):
chủ nghĩa thực
dân
/kə ˈ loʊ niə l/
/kə ˈ loʊ niə lɪ zə m
/
a colonial power
Ex: The history of tobacco growing is
associated with colonialism and slavery.
(/ˈ sleɪ və ri/ sự chiếm hữu nô lệ)
211 Thượng
tọa/Sư trụ trì
The Venerable
(n)(adj) /ˈ venə rə bl/
Built in 1849 by the Venerable Huệ Đăng,
Vĩnh Tràng Pagoda is one of the biggest
Pagodas in the Mekong Delta.
212 Tiềm năng Potential (adj)/(n) /pə ˈ tenʃ l/ Economic development potential.
Potential tourism.
213 Tỏi Garlic (n) /ˈ ɡ ɑ ː rlɪ k/
Garlic is a vegetable of the onion family
with a very strong taste and smell, used in
cooking to give flavour to food.
214 Tổ ong Beehive (n) /ˈ biː haiv/
You might wear a protective suit, with a
hat and netting that covers your face, when
you are collecting or checking on your
beehives, to avoid being stung.
215 Trà Tea (n) /tiː /
tea plant (cây trà)
tea with milk (trà sữa)
lemon tea (trà chanh)
iced tea (trà đá)
jasmine tea (trà lài)
tea ceremony (trà đạo)
189
216 Trái bưởi
(chùm)
Pomelo
/ˈ pɒ mə lə ʊ /
217 Trái chôm
chôm Rambutan /ramˈ b(j)uː t(ə )n/
The Rambutan has its origin in the tropical
low-lands of Malaysia. Today, the
rambutan is grown in the Mekong Delta of
Vietnam.
218 Trái chuối Banana /bə ˈ næn.ə /
a bunch of bananas (1 nải chuối)
Idioms (slang): go bananas = nổi
điên.
(He lost his job and just went
bananas).
219 Trái đu đủ Papaya /pə 'paiə / Vietnamese Green Papaya salad with
shrimp is one of my favourite dishes.
220 Trái dứa
(thơm) Pineapple /ˈ paɪ nˌ æp.ə l/
Idioms: the rough end of the pineapple
(Australian English, informal) a situation
in which somebody is treated badly or
unfairly.
221 Trái dưa hấu Watermelon /ˈ wɔ ː tə mɛ lə n/
Watermelon is a favourite fruit used
during Tet (Lunar New Year) holiday in
Vietnam.
190
222 Trái hồng Persimmon /pə rˈ sɪ mə n/
Persimmon can be placed on the altar on
anniversaries and lunar New Year festivals
in Vietnam.
223 Trái khế Star-fruit /ˈ stɑ ː fruː t/ Star-fruit is a must in certain Vietnamese
dishes as garnishes.
224 Trái khóm Pine-apple /ˈ painap(ə )l/
Fruit such as pineapples, coconuts,
oranges, mangoes, bananas, apples, and
lychees are subject to seasonal availability.
225 Trái lê Pear /per/ (US)
/peə (r)/ (UK)
Pears are an excellent source of fiber (chất
xơ) and a good source of vitamin C.
226 Trái măng cụt Mangosteen /ˈ mæŋɡ ə ʊ ˌ stiː n/ Mangosteen season in Vietnam lasts
around May to August.
227 Trái me Tamarind /ˈ tam(ə )rɪ nd/ Soak the tamarind in a little water and take
out the pulp.
228 Trái mít Jack-fruit (n) /ˈ dʒ ak – fruː t/
Jackfruit vendors can be found around the
streets of Vietnam, where they cut it up
and sell it in many sizes.
229 Trái nhãn Longan /ˈ lɒ ŋɡ (ə )n/
Longan is a traditional fruit in Vietnam,
closely related to the lychee, and grown in
the Mekong Delta region.
230 Trại nuôi ong Bee-farm (n) /bi:/ /ˈ fɑ ː m/
After all of this traveling, it's time to stop
and relax a bit at a local bee-farm, where
you can enjoy tasty tea with local honey.
231 Trái ổi Guava /ˈ ɡ wɑ ː .və /
Guavas are common tropical fruits
cultivated and enjoyed in many tropical
regions.
191
232 Trái phật thủ
“Buddha’s-hand”
fruit
/ˈ bʊ də / ‘s /hænd/
233 Trái quýt Tangerine (n) /ˈ tæn.dʒ ə .riː n/
In Northern Vietnam, the plate of fruits
traditionally contains five to eight types: a
bunch of bananas, a grapefruit,
“Buddha’s-hand” fruit, a lemon, oranges,
tangerines, apples, or persimmons.
234 Trại rắn
Snake Farm
(Snake-Rising
Center)
/’sneɪ k-fɑ ː rm/
Đồng Tâm Snake Farm is one of the
country’s largest snake-raising centers
where venom is produced for local use and
export.
235 Trái sầu riêng Durian /ˈ dʊ r.i.ə n/ The durian’s seeds can also be eaten when
cooked.
236 Trái thanh
long Dragon-fruit /ˈ draɡ (ə )n – fru:t/
Dragon-fruit tastes very similar to a kiwi
with the texture of a pear. Don’t worry, the
seeds are edible.
192
237 Trái vải Lychee (litchi) /ˈ laitʃ iː /
To eat the lychee, dig your nail into the
stem and peel the skin away. Don’t bite
into the seed, please.
238 Trái vú sữa Milk-fruit /mɪ lk – fru:t/
“Vú sữa” means “milk from the breast” in
Vietnamese. Milk-fruit can be found in
Vietnam and is grown locally in Can Tho.
239 Trái Xabôchê Sapodilla = sapota /,sæpou'dilə /
/sə 'poutə /
Sapodilla was imported to Viet Nam from
Central America a long time ago.
240 Trầm tích/ bồi
lắng Sediment (n) /ˈ sedɪ mə nt/
The Mekong Delta was formed by
sediment of the Mekong River.
241 Trầu
Betel = the leaves of
a climbing plant,
chewed by people in
Asia.
18 betel garden
villages (18 thôn
vườn trầu)
/ˈ biː tl/ -Betel and areca are essential gifts in the
engagement and wedding ceremonies as
well as during conversations in Vietnam.
-Betel and areca are used to start a
conversation and help people become
closer and more open with each other.
242 Triết học/lý Philosophy /fə ˈ lɑ ː sə fi/ Buddhist philosophy.
His tutor encouraged him to read
widely in philosophy.
243 Trống Drum (n) /drʌ m/
to play the drums.
the drum of rain on the roof: tiếng
mưa gõ nhịp trên mái nhà.
Idioms: drum something into
someone’s head - “lãi nhãi bên tai”,
193
“nói đi nói lại như trống đánh bên
tai”
244 Trồng trọt Cultivation (n) /ˌ kʌ ltɪ ˈ veɪ ʃ n/ Mekong Delta is suitable for rice and fruit
tree cultivation and fish farming.
245 Trưởng đoàn Tour leader (n) /tʊ ə (r)ˈ liː də (r)/ Our tour leaders are all fluent in English.
246 Tu sĩ Monk (n) /mʌ ŋk/
-Coconut Monk (Nguyễn Thành Nam)
-Monks of the religion were permitted to
wed up to nine wives
247 Ứng cử viên Candidate (n) /ˈ kæn.dɪ .də t/
/ˈ kæn.dɪ .deɪ t/
candidate for something
(thích hợp cho một việc nào đó)
There are 3 candiadates standing in the
election.
248 Văn hóa Culture (n) /ˈ kʌ ltʃ ə r/
Vietnam, a traditional country with 4000
year culture, is an interesting place for
tourists to discover.
249 Văn Thù Bồ
Tát
Buddha of
Awareness
/ˈ bʊ də / /ə v/
/ə ˈ wernə s/ (riding on a blue lion)
250 Vị trí địa lý Location (n) /loʊ ˈ keɪ ʃ n/
Ex1: The hotel is in a central location near
the market place.
Ex2: Ho Chi Minh City is located in the
Southeast of Vietnam.
251 Vịnh Thái Lan Gulf of Thailand /ɡ ʌ lf/
The Mekong Delta borders Cambodia in
the North, the Gulf of Thailand in the
West and the East Sea in the East.
194
252 Vỏ dừa Husk (n) /hʌ sk/ Select a right coconut and remove husks
from it.
253 Vụ mùa Crop/Harvest /krɒ p/
/ˈ hɑ ː vɪ st/
They had a very good crop of rice last
year.
rice paddies (= rice fields)
harvest time
Farmers are extremely busy during the
harvest.
254 Vườn cây ăn
quả Orchard (n)) /ˈ ɔ ː rtʃ ə rd/ Apple/Orange/Rambutan/Guava orchards
255 Vương quốc Kingdom (n) /ˈ kɪ ŋdə m/ The first kingdom in the Mekong Delta in
the 1st century was the Funan Kingdom.
256 Xa lộ Highway (n) /ˈ haɪ weɪ / It takes us about 2 hours on the National
Highway 1A.
257 Xá lợi Phật The Buddha’s
Cremation Relics
/ˈ bʊ də /
/krə ˈ meɪ ʃ n/
/ˈ relɪ k/
After his death, Buddha’s Cremation
Relics were divided into 8 royal families
and his disciples.
258 Xe ngựa Carriage (n) /ˈ ker.ɪ dʒ /
a carriage and pair (xe 2 ngựa)
carriage free (miễn phí cước)
a graceful carriage (dáng đi yểu
điệu)
259 Xuất khẩu Export (v) /ɪ kˈ spɔ ː rt/
-The islands export sugar and fruit.
-Last year 2000 birds were exported from
the island.
195
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1 Tim Doling, Exploring Hồ Chí Minh City (Nhà Xuất Bản Thế Giới,
Hà Nội, 2014)
2
Sài Gòn - Hồ Chí Minh City (Song Ngữ Anh - Việt)
Tác giả: LADY BORTON (Chủ biên), HỮU NGỌC (Chủ biên), Xuất
bản: 2006 - NXB: Thế giới
3 Lonely Planet Vietnam (Travel Guide) – 2012
4 Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, phiên bản lần thứ 9
196
5 Từ điển Cambridge Advanced learner’s Dictionary – Phiên bản lần 3
6 World Heritage in Viet Nam, Tổng cục Du lịch, 2014
7 “Viet Nam Tourist Guidebook” - Trung tâm Thông tin du lịch (Tổng
cục Du lịch)
8 Bài học môn Ngoại ngữ Chuyên ngành, khoa Lữ hành, trường CĐN
DU LỊCH SÀI GÒN
9
Các Website:
http://ditich.dinhdoclap.gov.vn/en-us/trang-chu.aspx
http://www.baotangchungtichchientranh.vn/
http://baotanglichsuvn.com/
http://diadaocuchi.com.vn/
197
MHÓM BIÊN SOẠN
Nhóm Tour tham quan nội thành
TP HCM Nhóm Tour Mỹ Tho – Bến Tre Nhóm Tour Củ Chi
Đào Đức Duy Khang CĐLH05N01 Phạm Thị Hồng Thắm CĐHD03N01 Trần Ngọc Lữ Phong CĐHD10N01
Nguyễn Hữu Gia Huy CĐHD09N02 Nguyễn Thị Anh Đào CĐLH08N01 Nguyễn Thị Phương Trân CĐHD10N01
Võ Nguyễn Toàn Khoa CĐLH05N01 Võ Thanh Nhàn CĐHD05N01 Giang Gia Huệ CĐLH08N01
Nguyễn Ngọc Thảo
My CĐHD05N01 Trần Hải Phong CĐLH04N01 Nguyễn Băng Thanh CĐHD09N02
Phạm Hoàng Phúc CĐHD08N01 Phạm Minh Thái CĐLH04N02 Trần Thị Huỳnh Nga CĐLH04N02
Nguyễn Lê Như Ý CĐLH07N02 Phạm Thị Huỳnh Như CĐHD08N01 Trần Minh Hoàng CĐHD08N01
Khấu Minh Thái CĐLH07N01 Trần Thanh Quỳnh Như CĐLH06N01 Tạ Nguyễn Hoàng Tuấn CĐLH07N02