losfpnd lal fkkvksa ,oa dk;zd Ùkkzv ksa ds fy, çkbze j primer.pdf · çkbzej jk’vªh; xzkeh.k...

çkb Zej jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk

LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa ,oa dk;ZdÙkkZvksa ds fy, çkbZej


laLFkk iSjoh ,lksfl,V~l ds fy, ujsUnz dqekj }kjk izdkf�kr

ekxZn�kZu % MkW lat; HkV~Vladyu % fufrdk vjksM+k] vt; ds- >klg;ksx % vjfoUn dqekjdoj QksVks lkHkkj & www.google.com(Images)


;g iqfLrdk Jh �kjn tks�kh dks lefiZr gS] ftudh izsj.kk vkSj ekxZn�kZu lsgh mRrj Hkkjr esa ^^,Moksdslh** ,d egRoiw.kZ lkekftd gLr{ksi ds :i esa

izfrLFkkfir gqbZ S


izLrkouk

vf/kdkjksa dh izkfIr esa xjhch lcls cM+k ck/kd gSA dhUl ds fl)kUrksa ij vk/kkfjr xjhchmUewyu iz;kl yksxksa dks jkst+xkj ds volj iznku djds mUgsa xjhch js[kk ls mij ykus ijdsfUnzr jgs gSaA gkyk¡fd ,slk ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd jkst+xkj vU; vf/kdkjksa ds izkfIr dh daqth;k xkjaVh gS ysfdu bruk vo�; dgk tk ldrk gS fd jkst+xkj vU; vf/kdkjksa ds miHkksx dhlaHkkouk dks vo�; izcy djrk gSA de ls de ;g Hkq[kejh] tks fd ekuokf/kdkjksa ds ?kksj gu~ugS] ls rks vo�; gh cpkrk gSA Hkkjr ds lafo/kku esa ;aw rks Hkkstu ds vf/kdkj dks izR;{k :i lsekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dh lwph esa �kkfey ugha fd;k x;k] ysfdu uhfr&funsZ�kd rRoksa esa jkT; dksyksxksa dks jkst+xkj ds volj iznku djus ds funsZ�k vo�; fn, x,A lekukarj U;kf;d fopkjksao varjkZ�Vªh; ekuokf/kdkjksa dh vo/kkj.kk esa jkT; dh ;g Hkwfedk vko�;d le>h xbZ vkSj ;gekuk x;k fd gjsd O;fDr dks thou;kiu ds ,sls Lrj dk vf/kdkj gS ftlesa mlds o mldsifjokj dk LokLF; ,oa Hkkstu dh miyC/krk lqfuf�pr gksA vkfFkZd] lkekftd o lkaLd`frdvf/kdkjksa ij varjkZ�Vªh; laf/k us Hkkstu ds vf/kdkj dks vkSj Li�Vrk o lqn`<+rk nh vkSj dgkfd ̂ ^lHkh dks mi;qDr Hkkstu dk vf/kdkj gS** o ̂ ^Hkw[k ls Lora=rk lHkh ekuo ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa esa ls ,d gS**A

;g vR;ar fujk�kktud gS fd vkfFkZd fodkl ds bl vizfre nkSj esa Hkh Hkw[k o xjhchekuokf/kdkjksa ds loZizFke mYya?ku gSA u flQZ Hkkjr o ,f�k;k esa cfYd fo�o esa HkhA 2004esa fo�o esa 842 fefy;u dh Hkw[kh tula[;k FkhA fiNys ,d lky esa bl tula[;k esa 2fefy;u dh c<+ksrjh gqbZA ,Q-vks-,- ds vuqlkj fo�o dh iwjh tula[;k ds fy, [kk|kUumiyC/k gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa dkSu lh HkkSfrd o vkfFkZd lhek,¡ mudks Hkkstu ls oafprdjrh gSa] ;g ,d cM+k iz�u gSA �kk;n bldk mRrj ljdkjksa esa vehj dks vkSj vehj vkSjxjhc dks vkSj xjhc cukus okyh uhfr;ksa dks var djus dh jktuSfrd bPNk�kfDr dk vHkkogSA Hkkjr Hkh ,sls ns�kksa dh lwph esa vo�; gSA

Hkkjr fo�o dk igyk ns�k gS tgk¡ jkst+xkj dks vf/kdkj cuk;k x;k gSA jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e flracj 2005 esa laln us ikl dj fn;k vkSj 2 Qjojh 2006 ls ykxw Hkh dj fn;k x;kgSA ykfru vejhdh vkSj vQzhdh ns�k tSls vtsZUVhuk o nf{k.k vQzhdk vkSj dqN ,f�k;kbZ ns�ktSls Jhyadk o baMksusf�k;k esa ̂ ^dke ds cnys vukt** dh ifj;kstuk,¡ jgh gSa ysfdu jkst+xkj dhxkjaVh Hkkjr esa igyk mnkgj.k gSA iwjs fo�o dh vk¡[ksa bl ifj;kstuk dh rjQ ns[k jgh gSaAjk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2005 la{ksi esa ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-½ Hkkjr dh 7% turk¼rdjhcu 4 djksM+½ ls csjkst+xkj turk dks dke dk vf/kdkj nsrk gSA

vf/kfu;e gjsd xzkeh.k ifjokj ls de ls de ,d O;fDr dks 100 fnu dk jkst+xkj dk vf/kdkj

1


nsrk gSA xzkeh.k ifjokj ds gjsd O;fDr dks vius vkosnu ds 15 fnuksa ds Hkhrj dke ikus dkvf/kdkj gSA mi;qDr vf/kdkjh vkosnd dks 15 fnuksa ds vanj o mlds fuokl ds 5 fd-eh- dhifjf/k esa dke miyC/k djkus dks ck/; gSA dke u ns ikus dh fLFkfr esa csjkst+xkjh HkRrk vkosnddk vf/kdkj gSA vf/kfu;e vPNh uh;r ds lkFk ykxw fd;k x;k rks blls xzkeh.k xjhch ijfu.kkZ;d izHkko iMs+xk vkSj Jfedksa dks Hkq[kejh ls fut+kr feysxhA

vf/kfu;e o jkst+xkj xkjaVh ifj;kstuk �kq:vkrh nkSj esa 200 vR;ar fiNMs+ o xjhc ftyksa esa ykxwdh tk,xhA buesa oks 150 ft+ys Hkh �kkfey gS ftlesa dke ds cnys vukt ;kstuk ykxw gSAifj;kstuk ds lq[kn ifj.kke vkus ij ;kstuk ckdh ft+yksa esa Hkh dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA blifj;kstuk ij �kq:vkrh O;; 12000 djksM+ :i;s dk gksxk] tks dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj ds chp80 % 20 ds vkSlr esa ck¡Vk tk;sxkA blds vfrfjDr csjkst+xkjh HkRrk jkT; ljdkjksa dh ftEesokjhgksxhA

vkids lkeus izLrqr ;g jkst+xkj xkjaVh izkbZej ¼la{ksi esa ,u-vkj-bZ-th- izkbZej½ vf/kfu;e oifj;kstuk dks ljy dj mls yksxksa o xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa rd igq¡pkus dk iz;kl gSA blnLrkost esa ,u-vkj-bZ-th- dh vo/kkj.kk o izko/kku ls lacaf/kr lkjh tkudkfj;k¡ vklkuiz�uksRrjh ds :i esa izLrqr dh xbZ gSA vk�k; ;g gS fd yksx bl ifj;kstuk dk ykHk mBk ik,savkSj xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk,¡ bl vf/kfu;e o ifj;kstuk dh eq[; ckrsa tkudj yksxksa dks ykHkfnyk ik,¡ o bldk fujarj ewY;kadu Hkh dj ik,¡A vk�kk gS izkbZej yksxksa] laLFkkvksa o vU;bPNqd O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ykHkizn fl) gksxkA

gekjs lHkh �kqHkfpardksa ,oa lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gq, gesa vlhe izlUurk gksjgh gS] ftudh lgk;rk ls ;g izkbej izdkf�kr dj jgs gSaA bues aeq[; :i ls ge xzkeh.k fodklea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk lh-ch-th-,- ¼lSUVj QkWj ctV ,aM xousZUl vdkmuVhfcfyVh½ dsvkHkkjh gS] ftuds izdk�kuksa ls gesa ;g izkbZej cukus dk izksRlkgu feykA bl volj ij geiSjoh ds orZeku v/;{k MkW- lat; HkV~V dk Hkh vkHkkj izdV djuk pkgrs gSa ftudh izsj.kk lzksrekxZn�kZu ls gh ;g nLrkost laHko gks ik;k gSA

bl izkbej esa laxzfgr tkudkjh dks =qfV jfgr j[kus dk gj laHko iz;Ru fd;k x;k gS fQj Hkh;fn fdlh izdkj dh rduhdh ,oa ekuoh; =qfV jg xbZ gks rks ge mlesa iw.kZr;k ftEesnkj gSaAge bl lanHkZ esa vkids fopkjksa o izfrfdz;kvksa dk Lokxr djrs gSaA

vki lHkh ds fujarj lg;ksx ,oa ekxZn�kZu ds vfHkyk�khA

/kU;okn lfgr

ujsUnz dqekj

2


1- bl vf/kfu;e ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-2005½ ds ihNs ewyHkwr lksp D;k gS \

ewyHkwr lksp gS fd ,slk dksbZ Hkh ckfyxO;fDr tks vdq�ky �kkjhfjd Je dk;Z djusdk bPNqd gks mls dkuwuh rkSj ij jkst+xkjdh xkjaVh miyC/k djkbZ tk,A ;g dkedjus ds vf/kdkj ds dkuwuh rkSj ij ykxwfd, tkus dh fn�kk esa ,d cM+k dne gS]vkSj ;g lEeku ds lkFk thus ds ewyHkwrekuokf/kdkj ls tqM+k gSA

2- jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstuk fdlgn rd bu mn~ns�;ksa dks iwjk dj ikjgh gS\

ns[kk tk, rks ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ ,dvk/kk&v/kwjk jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e gSAbl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ,sls fdlh Hkhckfyx O;fDr tks jkst+xkj ds fy, vkosnunsrk gS mls 15 fnu ds Hkhrj jkst+xkjmiyC/k djk;k tk,xkA ijUrq bl vf/kdkjdh dqN lhek,a Hkh gSaA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ijjkst+xkj xkjaVh dsoy xzkeh.k {ks=ksa rd ghlhfer gS vkSj og Hkh dsoy izR;sd xzkeh.kifjokj ds fy, lky esa dsoy 100 fnuA¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ dbZ ek;uksa esa 2004esa rS;kj dh xbZ Mªk¶V ls cgqr detksj gSAijUrq bl dk drbZ Hkh ;g vFkZ ugha gS fd¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ fujFkZd gSA D;ksafd;g igyh ckj tc xzkeh.k et+nwjksa dks

jkst+xkj dh xkjaVh ,d vf/kdkj ds :i esanh tk jgh gSA lkekftd lqj{kk dh n�f�Vls ns[kk tk, rks Hkh ;g vf/kfu;e ,degRoiw.kZ ehy dk iRFkj gSA

3- ,d vf/kfu;e dk gksuk D;ksa vko�;d gSctk, dsoy ,d jkst+xkj Ldhe ds \

vf/kfu;e jkst+xkj xkjaVh dks dkuwuh �kfDriznku djsxk vkSj et+nwjksa ,oa dkexkjksa dheksy&Hkko dh {kerk dks c<+k,xk vkSj lkFkgh ;g vf/kfu;e tokcnsgh Hkh c<+k,xkAblds foijhr ^^Ldhe** dksbZ dkuwuh xkjaVhugha iznku djrh vkSj dkexkjksa dks ljdkjhvQljksa ds jgeksdje ij NksM+ nsrh gSAdqN le; igys dbZ jkstxkj ̂ ^Ldhes** vkbZFkh tSls fd jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj dk;Zdze¼,u-vkbZ-vkj-ih-½] tokgj jkst+xkj ;kstuk]lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstuk bR;kfnAbuesa T;knkrj yksxksa dks jkst+xkj ,oa vkfFkZdlqj{kk iznku djus esa ukdke jgh vkSj vDlj;g ns[kk x;k fd yksxksa dks buds fo�k; esadksbZ tkudkjh ugha FkhA ^^Ldhe** vkSj vf/kfu;e esa ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ varj ;g gSfd tgka ,d ^^Ldhe** esa ljdkjh vQljQsj&cny dj ldrs gSa ;gka rd fd mlslekIr Hkh dj ldrs gSa ogh vf/kfu;e dksdkuwuh lgkjk izkIr gksus ds dkj.k mlesaQsj&cny djus ds fy, laln esa la�kks/kuykus dh vko�;drk iM+rh gSA

jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e

Hkkx & 1,-

3


4- ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ ds lEHkkforykHk D;k gSa \ns[kk tk, rks bl vf/kfu;e ds vusdksa ykHkgS aA lcls igys rks jk st+xkj xkjaVhvf/kfu;e ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-2005½ xzkeh.kifjokjksa dks xjhch vkSj Hkq[kejh ls cpk,xkAvxj blesa ls ¼o�kZ esa dsoy 100 fnu izfrifjokj½ dh lhek dks gVk;k tk lds rks;g vf/kfu;e xjhch js[kk ds uhps okldjus okys vf/kdrj ifjokjksa dks bl js[kkds Åij ykus esa lgk;d gksxkA lkFk gh;g xzkeh.k bykdksa ls �kgjksa dh vksj c<+rsiyk;u dks Hkh de djsxkA blds vfrfjDrjkst+xkj dh xkjaVh efgykvksa ds l�kfDrhdj.kdh fn�kk esa ,d cM+k dne gksxhA vxjfiNys vuqHkoksa ij ut+j Mkysa rks vDlj,slh ^^Ldheksa** esa efgyk,a c<+&p<+ djfgLlk ysrh gSaA blls mUgsa vkfFkZd LoNUnrkizkIr gksxhA lkFk gh blls xzkeh.k bykdksaesa LFkk;h ifjlaifRr;ksa dk l`tu gksxkAvUrr% jkst+xkj dh xkjaVh xzkeh.k lekt dsvkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fj�rksa esa ifjorZu yk,d lerkewyd lekt ds xBu esa lgk;dgksxhA vkSj lcls cM+h ckr ;g gS fdjkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e vlaxfBr dkexkjksadh eksyHkko djus dh �kfDr dks c<+kus esalgk;d gksxk] ftlls fd os vius vU;vf/kdkjksa tSls fd ykxw oS/kkfud U;wureet+nwjh rFkk lkekftd lqj{kk bR;kfn dsfy, yM+ ldsaxsA

5- ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 ds varxZrfdldks dke djus dk vf/kdkj gS \bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr xzkeh.k ifjokj dslHkh O;Ld lnL; ftuds ikl tkWc dkMZgks jkst+xkj ikus ds gdnkj gksaxsA ;fn dksbZO;fDr igys ls Hkh fu;ksftr@dk;Z esa layXugSa rks Hkh mls bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZrv&dq�ky �kkjhfjd Jfed ds :i esa jkst+xkjekaxus dk vf/kdkj gSA bl vf/kfu;e dsrgr ch-ih-,y- ;k ,-th-,y- fdlh Hkh xzkeh.kifjokj ds ,d O;Ld lnL; dks lky esade ls de lkS fnu ds fy, jkst+xkj omldh vuqiYc/krk esa csjkst+xkjh HkRrk ikusdk gd gSaA

6- D;k ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 dk dksbZiwoZn`�Vkar gS \egkjk�Vª dh ljdkj us 1976 esa ^^jkst+xkjxkjaVh vf/kfu;e** tkjh fd;k Fkk tks vktHkh ykxw gS vkSj dbZ fo�k;ksa esa jk�Vªh; jkst+xkjxkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2005 ls vf/kd �kfDr�kkyhgSA [kkldj bl n`f�V ls fd egkjk�Vª ¼bZ-th-,-½ ds varxZr dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdrus Hkhfnuksa ds fy, jkst+xkj ds fy, vkosnu nsusdk vf/kdkjh gS vFkkZr~ ;gka 100 fnu izfrifjokj izfr o�kZ tSlh dksbZ lhek ugha gSA

gkykafd blds ckn fdlh vkSj jkT; us¼jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e½ ifjr ugha fd;k]ijUrq vU; dbZ jkT;ksa esa ,sls vf/kfu;eds fy, vkanksyu pysA jk�Vªh; Lrj ij¼bZ-th-,-½ ykus ds fy, Hkh dbZ ckj igy dhxbZ ijUrq og laln rd ugha igaqph] varr%

4


2004 esa jk�Vªh; jkst+xkj xkjaVh fcy]21 fnlacj dks laln esa izLrqr fd;kvkSj ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 ml fcy dkla�kksf/kr :i gSA

7- D;k jkst+xkj xkjaVh ds varxZr lky esadke djus ds fnuksa dh dksbZ lhek gS \

jkst+xkj xkjaVh ^^izfr ifjokj ds fy, izfro�kZ esa 100 fnu rd lhfer gS**A /;ku nsafd ^^o�kZ** ls ;gka vFkZ gS ^^vkfFkZd o�kZ** tksfd 1 vizSy ls �kq: gksrk gSA nwljs �kCnksa esaigyh vizSy dks gj xzkeh.k ifjokj ds iklvkus okys 12 eghuksa esa dke djus ds 100fnuksa dk dksVk gksxkA /;ku nsa fd ;s 100fnu ifjokj ds ckfyx lnL;ksa ds chp ckaVstk ldrs g S aA vyx&vyx lnL;vyx&vyx fnu dke dj ldrs gSa ;k,d fnu Hkh dke dj ldrs gSa tc rd fddqy feykdj mudk le; o�kZ esa 100 fnuds Åij u tk,A

8- D;k ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 dqN pqfuankjkT;ksa ;k ft+yksa rd lhfer gS \

igys pj.k esa ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 dkdk;kZUo;u fu/kkZfjr 200 ftyksa esa gksxkAvkus okys 5 o�kksZa esa ¼tEew&d�ehj dks NksM+dj½ ;g iwjs Hkkjr esa ykxw gks tk,xkA

9- �kgjh bykdksa dk D;k \

¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 dsoy xzkeh.k bykdksard gh lhfer gSA bls �kgjh bykdksa esa Hkhykxw djus ds fy, dkQ+h lksp&fopkj ,oa

rS;kjh dh vko�;drk iMs+xhA bl fn�kk esadqN dk;Z �kq: gks x;k gSA ij ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 �kgjh et+nwjksa ds fy, Hkh dqNgn rd ykHkdkjh gS & tSls fd ¼1½ muesals dqN vius xkao esa gh jg ik,axs D;ksafdmUgsa ogha jkst+xkj miyC/k gks tk,xkA ftllsmUgsa �kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u ugha djukiMs+xkA ¼2½ vkSj xkao ls �kgjksa dh vksjiyk;u ?kVus ls �kgj esa dke djus okyset+nwjksa dks csgrj vk; feyus ds volj Hkhc<+ tk,axsA

5


xjhch js[kk % vko�;drk ,dubZ ifjHkk�kk dh

xjhch js[kk

xjhch js[kk ds ckjs esa ge lc us vDlji<+k ;k lquk gSA vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj dqNo�kksZa igys Hkkjr dh 36 izfr�kr turkxjhch js[kk ds uhps Fkh] vkt ;g vkadM+k28 izfr�kr gSA vkadMs+ rks c<+rs&?kVrsjgrs gSa ijUrq fopkj djus dh ckr gS fd^^xjhch js[kk** gS D;k \

vxj ge ljdkjh ifjHkk�kk dh ckr djsarks] ;g izfdz;k 1970 ds n�kd ls �kq: gqbZtc xjhch ds Lrj dks iks�k.k ij vk/kkfjrdk ekik tkrk FkkA ;kfu fd xjhch js[kkxk¡o esa 2400 dSyksjht vkSj �kgjksa esa 2100dSyksjht izfr O;fDr izfrfnu dh miyC/krk ij vk/kkfjr gSA

1970 esa tc gekjh ljdkj us igyh ckjbl ifjHkk�kk dk iz;ksx vkjEHk fd;k rcHkkstu ̂^Basket of food**dh ekfld dher�kgjksa esa 71 :i;s vkSj xkaoksa esa 62 :i;sFkhA tks o�kZ 2000 rd egaxkbZ nj c<+usds lkFk 454 vkSj 328 :i;s rd c<+ xbZA2004 esa egaxkbZ nj ds vuqlkj �kgjksa esa^^Basket of food**dh ekfld dher Fkh540 :i;s dgus dk vFkZ gs fd 2004 esavxj vki Hkkjr ds fdlh �kgj esa jgrs gSavkSj 540 :i;s eghuk ls vf/kd dekrs gSarks vki xjhch js[kk ds mij ekus tkrs gSaAdgus dk vFkZ gS fd vxj vki 600 :i;s

dekrs gSa ftlesa ls vki 540 :i;s Hkkstuij [kpZ dj nsrs gSa rks vkidks xjhc ughaekuk tkrkA vkSj blh tektksM+ ijvk/kkfjr dj ge Hkkjr dh 26 izfr�krturk dks xjhch js[kk ds uhps ekurs gSavkSj ;g lksp izlUu gks tkrs gSa fd ;gvkadM+k 36 ls ?kV dj 26 izfr�kr gks x;kgSA

;g fdruk lgh gS \ D;ksafd Hkkstu dsoy mufofHkUu oLrqvksa esa ls dsoy ,d gS ftuij ge[kpZ djrs gSa & Nr] diMs+ lsgr] i<kbZ bR;kfntSlh phtksa ij gksus okys [kpZ dk D;k \

;g ekius dh izfdz;k vkSj blds urhtsnksuksa ckrsa fopkj djus ;ksX; gSaA

gesa xjhch ekius dh ,slh rduhd pkfg,tks T;knk tu vk/kkfjr gks rFkk vkHkkodks fofHkUu <axksa ls ns[ksaA de vk; vHkkodk dsoy ,d vax gSA vHkko dk izeq[ky{k.k gS& ekuo }kjk miyfC/k dh ,dU;wure nj dks uk izkIr dj ikukA ekStwnkxjhch js[kk dsoy ljdkjh fodkl dk;Zdzeksa;k dgsa ^fd muds vHkko dks Nqikus dsfy, dkjxj gS*A

Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk ds dsUnz

Ø iwohZ Hkkjr % iwohZ mRrj izns�k] mRrjfcgkj] mRrj caxky] rVorhZ mM+hlk]vle] f=iqjk

Ø e/; vkfnoklh Hkkjr % cqUnsy[k.M]nf{k.k fcgkj] fonHkZ] e/; izns�k]jktLFkku] if�pe mM+hlk] rsyaxkuk

6


izR;sd jkT; esa xjhch js[kk ds uhps dh tula[;k ,oa mldk izfr�kr

xxzzkkeehh..kk ��kkggjj ffeeyykkddj j ddqqyyjjkkTT;;@@llaa??khkh; ; {{kkss==OO;;ffDDrr¼¼yykk[[kkkkss a a eessaa½½

iizzffrr��kkrr OO;;ffDDrr¼¼yykk[[kkkkss a a eessaa½½

iizzffrr��kkrr OO;;ffDDrr¼¼yykk[[kkkkss a a eessaa½½

iizzffrr��kkrr

vka/kz izns�k 26-97 4-58 41-75 18-99 68-72 8-49v:.kkpy izns�k 3-57 37-89 0-14 4-48 29-33 3-68vlke 95-36 37-89 1-78 4-48 97-14 33-33fcgkj 482-16 44-81 54-74 32-69 536-91 43-18fnYyh 0-19 2 13-18 2 3-38 2xksok 0-13 2 4-38 2 4-81 2xqtjkr 6-88 2 4-38 2 11-25 2gfj;k.kk 3-3 2 1-51 2 4-81 2fgekpy izns�k 1-18 2 0-14 2 1-32 2tEew vkSj d�ehj dukZVd 28-66 7-77 16-34 8 45 7-85dsjy 4-03 1-63 8-01 9-34 12-04 3-61e/; izns�k 192-07 28-73 74-46 31-77 266-54 29-52egkjk�Vª 101-6 16-96 72-68 15-2 174-63 16-18ef.kiqj 8-1 37-89 0-27 4-48 8-37 30-52es?kky; 7-99 37-89 0-24 4-48 30-14 8-23fet+ksje 1-88 37-89 0-23 4-48 2-12 20-76ukxkySaM 8-01 37-89 0-21 4-48 8-22 31-86mM+hlk 139-12 41-72 23-57 37-46 162-69 41-04iatkc 3-4 2 1-95 2 5-35 2jktLFkku 54-41 11-09 23-44 15-42 77-86 12-11flfDde 2-08 37-89 0-03 4-48 2-12 33-78rfeyukMw 12-46 3-68 31-61 9-64 44-07 6-61f=iqjk 10-7 37-89 0-28 4-48 10-98 31-88mRrj izns�k 373-16 24-25 111-25 26-17 484-41 24-67if�peh caxky 137-53 21-98 22-21 8-98 159-73 18-3vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hilewg

0-1 3-68 0-14 9-64 0-24 5-82

paMhx<+ 0-02 2 0-19 2 0-21 2nknj ,oa uxj gosyh 0-04 2 0-02 2 0-06 2neu ,oa n;w 0-03 2 0-01 2 0-04 2y{;}hi 0-01 1-63 0-02 9-34 0-03 4-59ikWafMpsjh 0-13 3-68 0-7 9-64 0-83 7-72Hkkjr 1705-26 21-07 495-67 15-06 2200-94 19-34

¼lzksr % okf�kZd fdrkc 2003 baLVhV~;wV vkWQ viykW;M eSuikoj fjlpZ½*vkadMs+ 30 fnu ds jksy dkWy ds fglkc ls gSaA

7


1.7

1.86

1.73

1.9

2.9

3.77

3.19

2.1

0 1 2 3 4

[kk| vukt

xSj [kk| vukt

vukt

tula[;k

1980s

1990s

¼lzksr % vkfFkZd �kks/k] Hkkjr ljdkj½

d`f�k mRikn dh fodkl nj 1980 ds vius 3-19% ds Lrj ls fxj dj 1990 ds n�kd esa dsoy1-73% jg xbZA

fiNys nks n�kd esa d`f�k mRikn ,oa tula[;k fodkl dh nj ¼ izfr�kr esa½

Hkkjr esa fdrus xjhc

Ø[kkyh isV@Hkw[ks 1 ls 5 izfr�krØizfrfnu 1 MkWyj ls de ij Hkj.k&iks�k.k djus okys 34 izfr�krØdqiksf�kr 47 izfr�krØmi;qDr Hkkstu dh vuqiyC/krk 26 izfr�kr

o�kZ % 2001 tux.kuklzksr %(nac.nic.in/concept%20 papers/poverty-reduction-scheme)

fdfdfd

8


izfr O;fDr izfr o�kZ [kk| vukt miyC/krk ¼fdyks esa½

1902199

1920

193

1947137

1991177

2003 141

o"kZ fdyksxzke¼lzksr % ,u-,l-,l-vks-½

34 32.3 32.8 29.9

54.7 53.9 55.353.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1983 1987-88 1993-94 1999-00

xzkeh.k iq:"k

xzkeh.k efgyk

¼lzk sr% ,u-,l-,l-vk s -½

xzkeh.k bykdks a es a Jfed Hkkxhnkjh Lrj

9


,u-,l-,l- }kjk iznku fd, x, csjkst+xkjh ds vkadMs csjkst+xkjh nj esa o�f) n�kkZrs gSaAtgk¡ 1993&94 esa ;g 5-9% Fkh] ogha 1999&2000 esa c<+dj ;g 7-3% gks xbZA [kkldjxzkeh.k bykdksa esa ;g 5-2% lss c<+dj 7-2% gks xbZA

5.9

5.2

7.37.2

1993-94 1999-00

lEiw.kZ Hkkjr

x zkeh.k

csjk st+xkjh nj

¼lzk sr % ,u-,l-,l-vks- jkst+xkj&csjkst+xkjh fjiksVZ 1999&2000½

,u-,l-,l- ds vkadMs+ n�kkZrs gSa fd jkst+xkj fodkl nj esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS] tgk¡ ;g nj 1983

ls 1994 rd 2-43% Fkh] ogha 1994 ls 2000 ds chp ;g ?kVdj dsoy 0-98% jg xbZ gSApkVZ ua- 6 xzkeh.k jkst+xkj fodkl nj

1983 l s

1987&881987&88

l s

1993&94

1993&94

l s

1999&00

1.36

2.03

0.58

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

¼lzksr % ,u-,l-,l- dh jkst+xkj ,oa csjkst+xkjh fjiksVZ ,oa tux.kuk½xzkeh.k bykdksa esa Hkh jkst+xkj fodkl nj 1987 ls 94 ds vius 2-03 izfr�kr ds Lrj ls fxj dj1993&2000 esa dsoy 0-58 izfr�kr jg xbZA

10


10- jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e ¼bZ-th-,-½ vkSj jkst+xkj xkjaVh Ldhe ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds chp D;k laca/k gS \jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e izR;sd jkT; dhljdkj dks Ng% ekg ds Hkhrj jkst+xkjxkjaVh Ldhe rS;kj djus dk funsZ�k nsrk gSftlls fd jkst+xkj xkjaVh ykxw dh tkldsA vf/kfu;e jkst+xkj xkjaVh dks dkuwuhvk/kkjf�kyk iznku djrk gS ogha Ldhe ogek/;e gS ftlls xkjaVh ykxw dh tkrh gSA

/;ku nsa fd vf/kfu;e ,d jk�Vªh; uhfr gSijUrq Ldhe gj jkT; ds fy, ^^fof�k�V**gSA gkykafd gj jkT; viuh ̂ ^jkst+xkj xkjaVhLdhe** cukus ds fy, LoPNUn gS] ij mls¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 ds �ksM;wy ¼I½ esafn;s x, ewyHkwr fu;eksa dks /;ku esa j[kdjLdhe dks cukuk iM+rk gSA tSls fd �ksM;wy¼I½ ;g lqfuf�pr djrk gS fd ¼bZ-th-,l-½ds varxZr fdl izdkj ds dke fd;s tkldrs gSa bR;kfnA

11- bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr jkst+xkjgsrq vkosnu djus okys O;fDr dks fdlizdkj dk dk;Z iznku fd;k tk,xk \bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr izdkjds dk;ksZa dh vuqefr gksxh %&

1- ty laj{k.k rFkk ty ifjj{k.k (2- vdky jks/ku] oujksi.k ,oa o`{kkjksi.k(3- y?kq ,oa fNViqV flapkbZ dk;ksZa lfgr

flapkbZ ugjsa (4- vuql wfpr tkfr;k s a o vuqlwfpr

tutkfr;ksa ls lacaf/kr ifjokjksa }kjkLokfeRo;qDr tehu dks ;k Hkwfe lq/kkjds tehu ykHkxzkfg;ksa dks vFkok Hkkjrljdkj dh bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk dsvarxZr ykHkxzkfg;ksa dh tehu dks flapkbZlqfo/kk iznku djus (

5- VSadksa dh xkn fudkyus lfgr ikjEifjdtyk�k;ksa dk th.kksZ)kj (

6- Hkwfe fodkl (7- ck<+ fu;U=.k vkSj cpko dk;Z ftlesa

ty Hkjko {ks=ksa esa ty&fu�dklu �kkfeygS (

8- xzkeh.k lEidZ ekxZ rkfd lHkh ekSleksaesa ogka igaqpk tk ldsA lM+dksa ds fuekZ.kesa tgka Hkh t:jh gksxk ukfy;ksa dks�kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj nsgkrh{ks=ksa esa ty fudkl ds lkFk ukfy;ksadks Hkh fy;k tk ldrk gSA

9- vU; dk;Z ftls jkT; ljdkj ds lkFklykg&e�kfojk djds dsUnz ljdkj }kjkvf/klwpfr fd;k tk ldrk gS

¼Bsdsnkjksa ds ekQZr dk;Z iwjk djokus dhbtktr ugha gS vkSj ;g vko�;d gS fddk;ksZa esa vf/kdkf/kd ekuoJe dk bLrsekyfd;k tk,½

;g vf/kfu;e ;g ckr Hkh dgrk gS fd^^izkFkfedrk fn;s tkus okys dk;ksZa dh lwph**jkT; jkst+xkj xkjaVh dkmafly cuk,xkAvkSj izkFkfedrk fn;s tkus okys dk;ksZa dkpquko muds }kjk gksus okys LFkk;hifjlEifr;ksa ds l�tu ij fuHkZj djsxkA

jkst+xkj xkjaVh ^^Ldhe**

11


3- D;k ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr �kgjhbykdksa esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k tk ldrk gSAlS/kkafrd :i ls ughaA vf/kfu;e ;g lkQLi�V djrk gS fd bl Ldhe ds varxZrjkst+xkj dsoy xzkeh.k bykdksa esa gh miyC?kdjk;k tk,xkA ¼�ksM;wy I] vuqPNsn 3½

4- D;k ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr dqN vU;ikcafn;k¡ gSa \^^u;k dke** rHkh �kq: fd;k tk ldrk gS tcml dke dks djus ds fy, de&ls&deipkl et+nwj miyC/k gksa vkSj mu et+nwjksa dksigys ls py jgs dke esa �kkfey ugha fd;k tkldsA gkykafd ;g ikcanh jkT; ljdkj }kjk^^igkM+h bykdksa** vkSj taxy yxkus ds dk;Z lsgVkbZ tk ldrh gSA

5- ¼bZ-th-,l-½ dks ykxw djus dhft+Eesnkjh fdldh gksxh \¼bZ-th-,l-½ dks ykxw djus dh eq[; ft+EesnkjhjkT; ljdkj dh gksxh vkSj dsUnzh; ljdkj}kjk vkfFkZd enn nh tk,xhA vf/kfu;e dh/kkjk 13 ds eqrkfcd Ldhe ds fu;kstu vkSjykxw fd, tkus dk eq[; dke iapk;r dkgksxk & ftyk] iz[k.M vkSj xzke Lrj ij ykxwdjus dh eq[; bdkbZ ̂iz[k.M* gSA gj Cykd esa,d ifj;kstuk vf/kdkjh tks fd iz[k.M fodklvf/kdkjh ds led{k gksxkA ftldk Lrj ¼ch-Mh-vks-½ ds cjkcj gksxkA mldk osru dsUnzljdkj nsxh vkSj bZ-th-,l- dks ykxw djukmldk dke gksxkA dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh e/;Lrjh; iapk;r ,oa ftyk leUo;d dks tokcnsggksxkA

6- jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e dks iwjs ns�k esaykxw djus ij fdruk [kpZ vk,xk \ ;g iSlkdgk¡ ls vk,xk \jk�Vªh; jkst+xkj xkjaVh dks ykxw fd, tkus dsfy, izfro�kZ 40000 djksM+ dk [kpZ vk,xkAxzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dks okf�kZd ctV esa24000 djksM+ :i;s vius dk;Zdzeksa dks pykusds fy, feys gSaA rFkk 4000 djksM+ izR;sd jkT;ljdkj nsxhA 12000 djksM+ vU; jkst+xkjLdheksa ls vk,xk tks ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ esalfEefyr dj nh tk,axhA vU; vuqekuksa dsvuqlkj ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ij ljdkj dks 50000djksM+ lkykuk yxkuk iM+ ldrk gS] nwljs�kCnksa esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx 2izfr�krAfo�ks�kKksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd vxj blLdhe ds varxZr 10 izfr�kr /ku jkf�k jkT;ljdkj dks nsuh iM+rh gS rks dbZ jkT;ksa esa ;gvkfFkZd vfLFkjrk yk ldrh gSAlzksr % (nac.nic.in/concept% 20 papers/poverty-reduction-scheme)

bl vf/kfu;e dk ,d egRoiw.kZ eqn~nk gS dsUnz}kjk dk;ZØe dks pykus ds fy, jkT;ksa dksle; ij jkf�k gLrkarfjr djuk] ftldk blvf/kfu;e esa Bhd ls [kqyklk ugha fd;k x;kgSA dsUnz dks bl ckr dk vk�oklu nsukpkfg, fd bl jkf�k ds gLrkarj.k esa fdlhizdkj dk foyEc ugha gksxk] ftlls dk;ZØedh fujarjrk ij dksbZ nq�izHkko u iMsAjk�Vªh; dke ds fy, vukt dk;ZØe dkvuqHko ;gh crkrk gS fd dsUnz ls jkT; dksgksus okys jkf�k gLrkarj.k esa gq, foyEc dsdkj.k lEiw.kZ dk;ZØe ij cqjk izHkko iM+kA

12


2005&2006 ds ctV esa xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ds fy, fu/kkZfjr jkf�k ¼djks+M+ esa½

85471 .78

9000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

j{kk ctV xzkeh.k jk st+xkj

¼lzksr & okf�kZd vkfFkZd fooj.k 2005&06] Hkkjr ljdkj½

xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e ds varxZr gksus okyk [kpZ

¼lzksr% jk�Vªh; lykgdkj vk;ksx & 2004½

1- ;kstuk vk;ksx ¼1999&2000½2- 74-2 djksM+ dk 26-8 izfr�kr3- th-Mh-ih- = 3]104]857 djksM+ :i;sA4- ;gk¡ ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dk vkSlr 5 ekuk x;k gS

1 xzkeh.k tula[;k ¼2001½ 74-2 djksM+2 xjhch js[kk ds uhps dh xzkeh.k tula[;k dk

izfr�kr ¼1½26-8 % djksM+

3 xjhch js[kk ds uhps xzkeh.k tula[;k ¼2½ 20 djksM+4 xjhch js[kk ds uhps xzkeh.k ifjokjksa la[;k 4 djksM+5 100 fnu izfr ifjokj ds vkSlr ls ¼O;fDr&fnu

jkst+xkj iSnkokj½400 djksM+

6 izfrfnu dk [kpZ ¼2004&2005 ds ewY;ksa ds Lrj ij½ 100 djksM+ :i;s7 dk;Zdze dk iw.kZ [kpZ 40000 djksM+8 Hkkjr ds th-Mh-ih- ds fdruk izfr�kr ¼2004&2005

ds fglkc ls½ ¼3½1-3 izfr�kr

13


1- jkst+xkj xkjaVh Ldhe ds varxZret+nwjksa dks fdl izdkj vkosnu nsukgksxk \;g izfdz;k nks Hkkxksa esa caVh gSA igyk &xzke iapk;r esa iathdj.k] nwljk & dke dsfy, vkosnuA iathdj.k ¼5½ o�kZ ds fy,oS/k gSA ijUrq dke ds fy, vkosnu i=tc&tc dke pkfg,] rc&rc nsuk gksxkA

iathdj.k izfdz;k dk eq[; ykHk dke dhiwoZ fu;kstu izfdz;k esa gksrk gSA vxj dksbZifjokj dke ds fy, vkosnu nsrk gS rks xzkeiapk;r dh ;g ft+Eesnkjh curh gS fd ogvkosnu Lohdkj dj tkWc dkMZ tkjh djsAtkWc dkMZ ;g fu/kkZfjr djsxk fd et+nwjksads ikl lkjh tkudkjh tSls fd & mUgksausfdrus fnu dke fd;k] fdruh et+nwjh yh]fdruk csjkst+xkjh HkRrk fy;k bR;kfn fyf[kresa gksxhA vkSj mUgsa blds fy, ljdkjhvQljksa ij fuHkZj ugha gksuk iMs+xkA jkst+xkjizkIr djus ds fy, tkWc dkMZ j[kus okysiathd�r o;Ld xzke iapk;r vFkok dk;Zdzevf/kdkjh ¼iz[kaM Lrj ij½ ds ikl fyf[kresa lkns dkxt ij vkosnu dj dk;Z ekaxldrs gSa rFkk vkosnu dh fnukafdr jlhndh ekax dj ldrs gSaa vkosnu tek djus ds14 fnuksa ds Hkhrj vFkok tc dk;Z dht+:jr gks rks vkosnd dks ;g jkst+xkjfn;k tkuk pkfg,A

vkosndksa dks xzke iapk;r @ dk;Zdzevf/kdkjh }kjk ,d i= Hkstdj 14 fnuksa ds

Hkhrj dc vkSj dgka mUgsa dk;Z djuk gS blfo�k; esa lwfpr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bldsvfrjfDr xzke iapk;r rFkk iz[kaM Lrj ijdk;Zdze vf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; ds lwpukcksMZ ij Hkh ,d lkoZtfud lwpuk iznf�kZrdh tkuh pkfg, ftlesa LFkku] frfFk ,oaftUgsa jkst+xkj fn;k x;k gks muds uke dhtkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A

2- vf/kfu;e esa ^^,d ifjokj** dksfdl izdkj ifjHkkf�kr fd;k x;k gS \vf/kfu;e esa ifjokj dh ifjHkk�kk gS & ftldqVqEc ds yksx [kwu] �kknh ;k xksn ysus dsek/;e ls ;k fQj lkFk jgus] ,d lkFkHkkstu ;k fQj ,d jk�ku dkMZ dk iz;ksxdjus ds ek/;e ls tqMs+ gksa] ¼,d ifjokj ds½ekus tk,axsA ij blesa ,d cM+h dfBukbZ;g gS fd ,d la;qDr ifjokj tks fd lkFkjgrk gS vkSj ,d gh jk�ku dkMZ dk iz;ksxdjrk gS mls Hkh ,d gh dqVqEc@ifjokj ds:i esa ns[kk tk,xk ;g izfdz;k cMs+ ifjokjksads lkFk vU;k; gS D;ksafd mUgsa dsoy mrukgh dke ¼vFkkZr 100 fnu½ feysxk ftrukfd ,d NksVs ifjokj dks feysxkA3- dkexkj ds Hkqxrku dk rjhdk D;kgksxk \gj dkexkj dks jkT; esa [ksrhgj etnwjksaij ykxw oS/kkfud U;wure etnwjh nh tk,xhA

4- Hkqxrku dk rjhdk D;k gksxk &nSfud etnwjh ;k mtjrh nj \bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr nksuksa vuqeR; gSaA

Jfedksa ds vf/kdkj

14


;fn etnwjh mtjrh nj vk/kkj ij iznkudh tkrh gS] rks njksa dh vuqlwph bl izdkjgksxh fd ,d O;fDr tks lkr ?kaVksa rddk;Z djrk gS] lkekU; :i ls U;wureetnwjh gkfly djsxkA

bl vf/kfu;e esa U;wure et+nwjh ,dfooknLin eqn~nk gSA ;g vf/kfu;e jkT;}kjk nh tk jgh U;wure et+nwjh Lohdkjugha djrkA ctk, mlds og lHkh jkT;ksads fy, 60 :i;s izfrfnu dh U;wureet+nwjh cka/kus dh ckr djrk gSA

tc jkst+xkj xkjaVh fcy laln esa izLrqrgqvk rc bl fo�k; ij LFkk;h lfefr dslq>ko vk, fd us�kuy fjQjsy ost dk2@3 ;k jkT; }kjk ykxw U;wure et+nwjhnj tks vf/kd gks og ykxw dh tk,Aus�kuy fjQjsy ost fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa nh tkjgh U;wure vk; dk vkSlr gS tks 66@&:i;s izfrfnu curk gSA mldk 2@349&50@& :i;s curk gSA ij nwljh rjQdsjy tSls jkT;ksa dk D;k tgk¡ izfrfnuU;wure et+nwjh 134@& :i;s gSA

fofHkUu jkT;ks a es a ljdkj }kjk ykxw U;wure et+nwjh6 0 6 0 :: ii ;; s s ll s s dd ee 6 0 6 0 :: ii ;; s s ll s s TT ;; kknn kk

v l e & 4 6 + : i ; s v k a/ k z i zn s� k & 8 0 : i ; sfc g kj & 5 9 : i ; s x qt j kr & 6 0 : i ; sd u k ZV d & 4 6: i ; s fg e kp y i zn s� k & 6 0: i ; se /; i zn s� k & 5 3 : i ; s > kj [ kaM & 6 3 : i ; se g kj k�V ª & 4 5 : i ; s d sj y & 1 3 4 : i ; sm M +hl k & 5 0 : i ; s i at kc & 8 2 : i; sr fe y u kM w & 5 4 : i ; s j kt L F k ku & 6 0 : i ; sm Rr j i zn s� k & 5 8 : i ; s i f�p e h c ax ky & 6 2 : i ; sm Rr j kap y & 5 8 : i ; s g fj ; k. k k & 8 0 : i ; sN Rr hl x < + & 5 3 : i ; s

;gk¡ bl ckrj /;ku nsuk vko�;d gS fdD;ksafd bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr et+nwjh dkHkqxrku dsUnz ljdkj }kjk fd;k tkuk gS] bldkj.k ljdkj dh ;g dksf�k�k jgh gS fd bldk;Zdze esa nh tkus okyh et+nwjh njde&ls&de gks tks 60@& :i;s fu/kkZfjrgqbZ gSA

5- D;k Hkqxrku /ku jkf�k ;k fQj vU;inkFkksZa ds ek/;e ls gksxk \Hkqxrku /ku jkf�k ;k fQj /ku jkf�k ,oavU; inkFkksZa ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk ldrkgSA vU; inkFkksZa ds ek/;e ls Hkqxrku dkvFkZ gS fd Hkqxrku vukt ls fd;k tk,xk]ij blesa Hkh dqy Hkqxrku dk de&ls&de25% Hkkx /ku jkf�k }kjk fn;k tkuk vfuok;ZgSA

6- esgrkus ds Hkqxrku ds fu;e D;kgksaxs \Hkqxrku gj lIrkg gksuk pkfg, ;k fQjdke lekIr gksus ds 15 fnu ds HkhrjAjkT; ljdkj ;s Hkh fu;ksftr dj ldrh gSfd Hkqxrku dk fgLlk tks /ku jkf�k }kjkfn;k tkuk gS og ^izfrfnu* fn;k tk,A

lzksr % jk�Vªh; lykgdkj vk;ksx & 2004½

15


7- vxj et+nwjh le; ij uk fn;ktk, \,sls esa ¼isesaV vkWQ osftl ,DV 1936 dsvarxZr½ et+nwj eqvkots ds gdnkj gksaxsA

8- D;k efgykvksa vkSj iq:�kksa dksvyx&vyx esgrkuk fn;k tk ldrkgS \fcYdqy ughaA fL=;ka vkSj iq:�k ,d tSlsesgrkus ds gdnkj gksaxsA fdlh Hkh izdkjdk fyax Hksn xSj&dkuwuh gksxkA

9- dkexkjk s a d s fy, D;k&D;klqfo/kk,a o izko/kku gSa \lkQ is; ty] cPpksa ds fy, NIij] foJkedh vof/k rFkk izkFkfed fpfdRlk cDlk]dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh }kjk izR;sd dk;Z LFkyij eqgS;k djok;k tk,xkA ;fn dk;Z LFkyij ikap ls vf/kd cPps gSa rks ,d O;fDr¼ojh;r% fdlh efgyk½ dks cPpksa dh ns[kHkkyds fy, j[kk tk,xk ml O;fDr dks LFkyij vU; dkexkjksa ds vuqlkj leku etnwjhnh tk,xhA

10- bl vf/kfu;e gsrq vkosnu djusokys dks dgka jkst+xkj iznku fd;ktk,xk\vkosnd ds ?kj ds 5 fd-eh- ds vanjA ;fnjkstxkj vkosnd ds ?kj ds 5 fd-eh- dhifjf/k ls nwj iznku fd;k tkrk gS rks ogifjogu o jgus ds [kpZ ds rkSj ij 10% dhvfrfjDr etnwjh dh gdnkj gksxk@ gksxhA;fn dqN O;fDr;ksa dks 5 fdyksehVj ls nwjdk;Z djus gsrq funsZ�k fn;k tkrk gS rks

o`)tuksa vkSj efgykvksa dks xkao ds fudVds dk;ZLFkyksa ij dk;Z djus dh rjthg nhtk,xhA

11- vxj ¼bZ-th-,l-½ dk;Z LFky ijdksbZ nq?kZVuk gks tkrh gs rks D;kgksxk \&nq?kZVuk gksus ij % ;fn dksbZ etnwjdk;Z djrs le; �kkjhfjd rkSj ij ?kk;ygks tkrk gS rks og O;fDr jkT; ljdkj lsfu%�kqYd fpfdRlk mipkj gkfly djus dkvf/kdkjh gksxkA

&?kk;y etnwj ds vLirky esa nkf[kygksus ij] lacaf/kr jkT; ljdkj cxSj fdlh�kqYd ds lEiw.kZ fpfdRlk] nok,a] vLirkyLFkku eqgS;k djok,xh vkSj ?kk;y O;fDrykxw etnwjh nj ds de&ls&de 50% dsnSfud HkRrs dk Hkh vf/kdkjh gksxkA

&dk;Z LFky ij nq?k ZVuk] ds dkj.kiathd�r etnwj dh e�R;q ;k LFkkbZ :i lsviax gksus ij] :- 25000@& dk vuqxzgHkqxrku ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfprfufnZ�V jkf�k] fnoaxr O;fDr ds dkuwuhmRrjkf/kdkjh vFkok viax O;fDr] tSlk Hkhekeyk gks] dks ns; gksxhA

12- D;k bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZrfodykax yksxksa ds fy, jkst+xkj dkizca/k gS \ugha] tc bl vf/kfu;e ds fy, ^Mªk¶V*rS;kj fd;k x;k Fkk rc mlesa ,slk izko/kkuFkk ysfdu vkf[kjdkj og gVk fn;k x;kFkkA gkykafd dksf�k�k dh tk ldrh gS fd

16


mls nqckjk bl vf/kfu;e esa yk;k tk,Ablds varxZr ;s fu;e cuk, tk ldrs gSafd ¼1½ iathdj.k ds le; fdlh Hkh izdkjdh fodykaxrk dks fjdkMZ fd;k tk,A ¼2½fodykax yksxksa ds fy, dqN vyx izdkj dsdk;Z dk izca/k fd;k tk ldsA ¼3½ fodykaxyksxksa dks jkstxkj nsus ds fy, ¼bZ-th-,l-½jkf�k dk 3% fgLlk fpfUgr djsaA /;ku nsafd ;s lc lq>ko ¼ilZu fon fMl,fcfyVh,sDV½ 1995 ij vk/kkfjr gSa & tks ;glq>ko nsrh gS fd xjhch gVkus ds dk;Zdzeksaesa de&ls&de 3% jkf�k foDykax yksxksa dsdk;Zdzeksa ds fy, fpfUgr gksuh pkfg,A

13- D;k Jfed bl ckr dk p;u dj ldrsgSa fd mUgsa D;k dke fn;k tk,\ugha] mUgs a xzke iapk;r ;k dk;Zdzevf/kdkjh }kjk fn;s x, dke dks Lohdkjdjuk gksxkA ¼�ksM;wy I] vuqPNsn 10½gkyk¡fd tc xzke iapk;r dk;ksZa dk pqukodjs rks Jfed mlesa viuh jk; ns ldrsgSaA

14- ;fn dke feyus ds ckn etnwjdke djus ds fy, ugha vkrk@vkrhgS rks D;k gksxk\;fn dksbZ O;fDr xzke iapk;r vFkok dk;ZØevf/kdkjh }kjk lwfpr dh x;h frfFk ds 15fnuksa ds Hkhrj dk;Z ds fy, ugha vkrk gS rksog jkst+xkj HkRrs ds fy, vf/kd�r ughagksxk@gksxhA

csjkst+xkjh HkRrk

1- ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr csjkst+xkjhHkRrs dk vf/kdkjh dkSu gksxk \;fn ik= vkosnd dks dk;Z dh ekax ;k ogfrfFk tc ls mUgksaus dk;Z dh ekaxh dh gS¼vkosnu dh izLrqfr dh frfFk ls 15 fnuksa dsvanj½ jkst+xkj iznku ugha fd;k tkrk gS rksmUgsa fufnZ�V fu;e o �krksZa ds eqrkfcdcsjkst+xkjh HkRrk eqgS;k djok;k tk,xkA

2- csjkst+xkjh HkRrs dh nj D;k gksxh \ml foRrh; o�kZ ftlds vk/khu jkst+xkj dsfnolksa dh ikfjokfjd gdnkjh gS] ds nkSjkucsjkst+xkjh HkRrs dh nj igys 30 fnuksa dsfy, etnwjh nj dk 25% gksxh vkSj mldsckn etnwjh dk 50% gksxhA

3- csjkst+xkjh HkRrk fdrus le; esafey tkuk pkfg, \ftl fnu csjkst+xkjh HkRrk fn;k tkuk r;gqvk gks ml fnu ls ysdj vkus okys 15fnuksa ds Hkhrj HkRrk vo�; ns fn;k tkukpkfg,A

4- csjkst+xkj HkRrs dk D;k egRo gS\csjkst+xkjh HkRrs ds dbZ ;ksxnku gSa & igyk]og mu yksxksa dks lhfer :i ls csjkst+xkjhlgk;rk nsrk gS tks yksx dke dk bartkjdj jgs gksaA nwljk] ;g ;s ladsr nsrk gS fdljdkj ;ksX; ik= vkosndksa dks dke nsus esavlQy gks jgh gSA vkSj rhljk ;g jkT;ljdkj ds Åij tqekZus dh rjg gksrk gSvkSj ;g tqekZuk jkT; ljdkj ij nckocukus ds dke vkrk gS fd og vkosndksa dks

17


dke fnyok, D;ksafd jkst+xkj ds [kpsZ dhft+Eesnkjh dsUnz ljdkj dh gksrh gS tcfdcsjkst+xkjh HkRrs dk [kpZ jkT; ljdkj dksmBkuk iM+rk gSA ij bl ncko dks cukus dsfy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd csjkst+xkjh HkRrkokLro esa fn;k tk, u fd dsoy dkxtksa esa¼tSlk fd egkjk�Vª bZ-th-,l-½ ds fdLls esagqvk vkSj tks fd egkjk�Vª jkst+xkj Ldhe ds/kjk�kk;h gksus dk eq[; dkj.k jgk gSA

5- dc ,d etnwj ftldks csjkst+xkjhHkRrk fey jgk gS] feyuk can gks ldrkgS \

csjkst+xkjh HkRrk bu dkj.kksa ls can fd;k tkldrk gS&¼1½ tc etnwj dks xzke iapk;r vFkokdk;Zdze vf/kdkjh }kjk dke ij vkus dksdgk tk, ¼2½ ftrus le; ds fy, jkst+xkjekaxk x;k Fkk og le; lekIr gksus ij¼3½ tc ifjokj us viuk 100 fnu dkedjus dk ^dksVk* lekIr dj fy;k gks¼vkfFkZd o�kZ ds Hkhrj½ ¼4½ tc ifjokj dketnwjh Hkqxrku ,oa csjkst+xkjh HkRrk feykdj100 fnu ds esgrkus ds cjkcj gks tk, rc¼vkfFkZd o�kZ ds Hkhrj½

tula[;k ,oa Jfed �kfDr esa vuqekfur o`f) ¼izfr�kr esa½

22000202&&20200707 22000707&&20201212 22001212&&2020171711 22 33 44

ttuullaa[[;;kklHkh vk;q oxZ 1-63 1-41 1-2015&59 o�kZ 2-41 2-08 1-7015 $ 2-57 2-26 1-93

JJffeed d ��kkffDDrr15&59 o�kZ 2-42 2-15 1-7815 $ 2-51 2-25 1-92

Ø jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj dk;Zdze¼1980&89½

Ø xzkeh.k Hkwfeghu jkst+xkj xkjaVhdk;Zdze ¼1983&89½

Ø tokgj jkst+xkj ;kstuk ¼1989&99½

Ø jkst+xkj lqj{kk Ldhe ¼1993&99½

Ø tokgj xzke le�f) ;kstuk

¼1999&2002½

Ø lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstuk¼2001½

Ø jk�Vªh; dke ds fy, vukt dk;Zdze¼2004½

Ø jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ,DV

¼2005½

lzksr% ¼ Mªk¶V 10 oha iapo�khZ; ;kstuk 2002&2007] ;kstuk vk;ksx½

vU; jkst+xkj dk;ZØe

18


eq[; jkst+xkj ifj;kstuk,¡

1- lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstuk;g ;kstuk 25 flracj] 2001 esa ykxw gqbZbl dk;Zdze dk eq[; mn~ns�; Fkk xzkeh.kksads fy, vfrfjDr vk; ds lk/ku iznkudjuk ftlls fd mUgsa [kk| lqj{kk ,oacsgrj iks�k.k izkIr gks ldsA bl dk;Zdzedk nwljk eq[; mn~ns�; Fkk xzkeh.k bykdksaesa LFkk;h] vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd lEifRrdk fuekZ.kA ;g dk;Zdze dsUnz ljdkj}kjk pyk;k tk jgk Fkk] ftls dsUnz ,oajkT; ljdkjksa }kjk 75%25 ds vuqikr esafeydj ogu fd;k x;kA la?k {ks=ksa ds fy,100 izfr�kr jkf�k dsUnz ljdkj }kjk nh xbZ,oa jkT;ksa@la?k {ks=ksa dks eq¶r vukt Hkhfn;k x;kA bl dk;Zdze dk ykHk xzkeh.k{ks=ksa ds lHkh xjhc O;fDr tks vdq�ky�kkjhfjd Je djus ds bPNqd gksa] mBkldrs FksA2- jk�Vªh; dke ds fy, vukt dk;Zdzebl dk;Zdze dk mn~ns�; Fkk ns�k ds 150fpfUgr lcls fiNMs+ ft+yksa dks lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k;kstuk ds vUrxZr fey jgs ykHk ds vfrfjDrFkksM+h vkSj vkfFkZd lgk;rk iznku djukAftlls bu ft+yksa esa jg jgs xjhcksa dksvfrfjDr vkfFkZd enn~ vkSj [kk| lqj{kkiznku dh tk lds] lkFk gh py jgs LFkk;hvkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd lEifRr fuekZ.k dsdk;Zdzeksa dks vkSj lqn�< fd;k tk ldsAbu 150 fiNMs+ ft+yksa dk pquko ;kstukvk;ksx }kjk xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; lsfopkj foe�kZ }kjk gqvkA ;g dk;Zdze 100

izfr�kr dsUnz }kjk pyk;k tk jgk FkkAjkT;ksa dks vukt Hkh eqQr gh iznku fd;kx;kA gkykafd muds ykus&ys tkus ij O;;,oa dj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk mBk;k tkukFkkA3- Lo.kZ t;Urh xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstukbl dk;Zdze dk mn~ns�; Lojkst+xkfj;ksa dksfujarj vk; iznku dj xjhch js[kk ds mijykuk FkkA vkSj ;g mn~ns�; izkIr djus dsfy, Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks ,d ek/;eds :i esa iz;ksx esa yk;k x;kA lksp ;g Fkhfd Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ek/;e ls yksxksadk vkRefo�okl c<s+xkA rFkk leL;kvksa dsfunku vkSj lalk/kuksa ds iz;ksx ds fo�k; esalkewfgd fu.kZ; izfdz;k esa Hkkxhnkjh vUrr%muds lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd l�kfDrdj.kesa lgk;d gksxhAjkst+xkj dk;Zdzeks a ds vuqHko

1- tkx:drk dk vHkko2- lkewfgd Hkkxhnkjh dk vHkko3- fu;kstu dh deh4- >wBs eLVj jksy dh lwpuk,a5- vf/kfu;e esa euk gksus ds ckotwn Bsdsnkjksa dk iz;ksx6- cukbZ xbZ lEifRr dh xq.koRrk fu/kkZfjr Lrjls uhps7- ekWfuVfjax ,oa fujh{k.k dh det+ksj iz.kkyh8- vkadM+ksa dk vHkko9- dk;kZUo;u laLFkkvksa dh ewyHkwr v{kerk,a10- fofHkUu jkst+xkj dk;Zdzeksa dk ,d lkFk pyk;k tkuk11- lkekftd tokcnsgh dk vHkko

19


vf/kfu;e esa izeq[k ftEesnkfj;k¡

jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2005cgqr tfVy gS rFkk blesa cgqr lkjs dkjd gSaAftuesa izeq[k gSa %jkT; Lrjh; lfefr] ftyk leUo;d] dk;Zdzevf/kdkjh] e/;Lrjh; iapk;r] xzke iapk;r vkSjxzke lHkkA bu fofHkUu foHkkxks a ds chpftEe sn k fj;k a c ¡V h g k sr h g S a ijUr qvf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;g vklkuh ls le> ughavkrkA ;gka phtksa dks ljyrk ls le>kus dk,d iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA

1- ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr ^^dk;Zdzevf/kdkjh** dh D;k ft+Eesnkfj;ak gksrhgSa \^^dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh** CykWd Lrj ij bZ-th-,lds leUo;d ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA

Cykd Lrj ij eq[; dfe;ksa dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka%

i)- dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka

1- ;g fu/kkZfjr djuk fd ;ksX; ik=vkosnd dks vf/kfu;e ds eqrkfcdvdq�ky �kkjhfjd Je dk jkst+xkjvkosnu nsus ds 15 fnu ds Hkhrj feysA

2- Cykd ds fy, xzke lHkk }kjk nh xbZnj[okLrksa ij vk/kkfjr ,d dk;Zdzedk uD�kk rS;kj djkukA

3- Cykd Lrj ij dke dh t:jr vkSjmiyC/krk esa lkeatL; LFkkfir djukA

4- ik= vkosnd ls fyf[kr vkosnu Lohdkjdj frfFk;qDr ikorh tkjh djukA

¼;g ft+Eesnkjh xzke iapk;r ds lkFk Cykdvf/kdkjh feydj mBkrk gS ½

5- vkosndksa dks dke ij vkus ds fy,lwfpr djukA ¼;g ftEesnkjh xzkeiapk;r ds lkFk Cykd vf/kdkjh feydjmBkrk gS ½

6- lHkh Jfedksa dks etnwjh iwjh ,oa le;ij nh tk jgh gS bl ckr dk fu/kkZj.kdjukA

7- csjkst+xkjh HkRrk ikl dj mls mldsvf/kdkjh Jfedksa esa caVokuk

8- xzke iapk;r }kjk fd;s tkus okysdk;Zdze ikfjr djukA

9- xzke iapk;r rFkk vU; ykxw djusokyh bdkb;ksa ds dke dk yxkrkjewY;kadu djukA

10- xzke lHkk }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z dklkekftd vads{k.k djukA

11- Ldhe ds ykxw gksus esa vkus okyh fdlhHkh f�kdk;r dks tYnh ls tYnh ¼lkrfnu ds Hkhrj½ fuiVkukA

12- Cykd Lrj ij ¼bZ-th-,l-½ dh okf�kZdfjiksVZ rS;kj djukA

13- vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ^^e/;Lrjh;iapk;r** dks fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;sdk;Zdzeksa dks iwjk djus esa lg;ksx nsaA¼/;ku nsa %& jkT; ljdkj }kjk dk;ZØevf/kdkjh dk dqN vFkok lEiw.kZdk;ZHkkj xzke iapk;r dks fn;k tkldrk gSA½

20


ii)- e/;Lrjh; iapk;r dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka

1- ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr fd;s tkus okysdk;k s Z a d s fy, i zLrko dk; ZØevf/kdkjh dks HkstukA

2- dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr fd, x,dk;Zdzeksa dks ykxw djukA

3- Cykd Iyku dks ikfjr dj mls ft+ykiapk;r ds lq>koksa ds fy, vkxs HkstukA

4- Cykd Lrj rFkk xzke iapk;r }kjk fd;stk jgs dk;Zdzeksa ij ut+j j[kukA

5- rFkk os lc dk;Z djuk tks fd jkT;lfefr }kjk fn;s tk,aA

iii)- xzke iapk;r dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka

1- xzke lHkk ds lq>koksa dks /;ku esa j[krsgq,] ,d fodkl dh ;kstuk rS;kj djukvkSj Ldhe ds varxZr ykxw fd;s tkus;ksX; izLrkoksa dh ,d lwph rS;kj j[kukA

2- ;ksX; vkosndksa dk vkosnu ys mudkiathdj.k dj mUgsa tkWc dkMZ nsukA

3- dke ds fy, fyf[kr vkosnu izkIr djrkjh[k;qDr ikorh nsukA

4- vkosndksa dks ,d i= Hkst 15 fnuksa dsHkhrj dc vkSj dgka dk;Z djuk gS blfo�k; esa lwfpr djuk ,oa xzke iapk;rrFkk iz[kaM Lrj ij dk;ZØe vf/kdkjhds dk;kZy; ds lwpuk cksMZ ij ,dlkoZtfud lwpuk iznf�kZr djukA

5- dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr dk;ZØeksadks ykxw djukA

6- lkekftd vads{k.k ds fy, xzke lHkkdks t:jh nLrkost+ miyC/k djkukA

7- Ldhe dks ykxw djus ds dk;ZØelaca/kh okf�kZd fjiksVZ rS;kj djukA

iv)- xzke lHkk dh ftEesnkfj;ka

1- xzke iapk;r dks ^dk;ZØe* ls lacaf/krizLrko nsukA

2- xzke iapk;r esa dk;ZØe ds ykxw gksusdh izfdz;k ij ut+j j[kukA

3- xzke iapk;r }kjk fd;s tk jgs lHkhdk;ZØeksa dk fujarj lkekftd vads{k.kdjukA

2- dke dks dk;kZfUor djus okyhlaLFkkvksa ls D;k vFkZ gS \dk;kZfUor djus okyh laLFkkvksa ls vFkZ gS ,slhdksbZ Hkh laLFkk ftls dsUnzh; ;k jkT; ljdkj}kjk ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds varxZr dk;Zdze ykxw djusdh ft+Eesnkjh nh xbZ gksA bl ̂Ldhe* ds varxZreq[; dk;kZfUor laLFkk gS ¼xzke iapk;r½ vxjjkf�k ds caVokjs ds fglkc ls ns[kk tk, rks 50%dk;Z xzke iapk;r ds ek/;e ls dk;kZfUor gksukgSA dk;Zdze dks ykxw djkus okyh vU; ,tsfUl;kagSa & e/;Lrjh; iapk;rsa] ftyk iapk;rsa vkSjykbu fMikVZesaV tSls fd & ou foHkkx] flapkbZfo H k kx bR;k fnA j k st +x kj xkj aV hvf/kfu;e xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa dks Hkh dkeykxw djus okyh laLFkk ds :i esa dk;Z djus dkvolj nsrk gSA

3- D;k Bsdsnkj Hkh dke dks dk;kZfUordjus okyh ,tsUlht ds :i esa dk;Zdj ldrs gSa \ugha] vf/kfu;e ;g Li�V :i ls dgrk gS fdbl Ldhe ds varxZr dke dks ykxw fd;s tkusds fy, futh dkWUVªsDVjksa ;k Bsdsnkjksa dsiz;ksx ij fu�ks/k gSA

4- jkst+xkj xkjaVh Ldhe esa xzke iapk;rdh D;k Hkwfedk gS \

21


xzke iapk;r dk dke gS dke ds fy, vkosnuysuk] iathdj.k djuk] tkWc dkMZ nsuk] vkosnui=ksa dks dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh dks Hkstuk vkSj lkFkgh vkosndksa dks le; ls lwfpr djuk fd mUgsadke ds fy, dc vkSj dgka vkuk gSA gkykafdvkosnu lh/ks dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh ds ikl Hkhtek djok, tk ldrs gSa ijUrq igys xzkeiapk;r esa gh vkosnu tek djok, tk,a] ,slkizfdz;k ds fglkc ls mfpr ekuk tkrk gSA

tSlk fd igys crk;k x;k gS fd xzke iapk;rdke dks dk;kZfUor djus okyh eq[; laLFkk HkhgS vr% mldk dk;Z gS fd og xkao ds fy,^fodkl dh ;kstuk* rS;kj djs] ftlesa mls xzkelHkk }kjk fn;s x, lq>koksa dks /;ku esa j[kukgksxkA vkSj xzke iapk;r dks bu dk;Zdzeksa dksdk;ZØe vf/kdkjh dh gjh >aMh feyusij ykxw Hkh djuk gksxkA lkFk gh xzke iapk;rdh ;g ft+Eesnkjh gksxh dh lkekftd vads{k.kds fy, og lkjs nLrkost xzke lHkk ds lkeusizLrqr djsA xzke iapk;r }kjk dk;kZfUor fd,tk jgs dk;ksZa ds Bhd ls ewY;kadu dh ft+Eesnkjhxzke lHkk vkSj dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh dh gksxhA

5- xzke lHkk dh bZ-th-,l- ds varxZrD;k Hkwfedk gS \xzke lHkk dk ;g dke gS fd og ;kstuk cukusdh izfdz;k esa Hkkx ys vkSj lkFk gh xzke iapk;rds dk;Zdzeksa ij utj j[ksA xzke lHkk eq[;r%ppkZ,a dj ;g fu/kkZfjr djsxh fd dkSu ls dk;ksZadks fdl dze esa xzke iapk;r dks djuk pkfg,vkSj ;g Hkh fd dk;ksZa ds dk;kZUo;u esa lkjsfu;eksa dk ikyu gks jgk gS ;k ughaA

6- CykWd Lrj ds Åij ;kfu ft+yk vkSjjkT; Lrj ij D;k gksrk gS \ftyk Lrj ij ftyk leUo;d dh ;g ftEesnkjh

gS fd og bZ-th-,l- dh ns[k js[k djsA ftykleUo;d dk dke ;g Hkh gS fd og dk;Zdzevf/kdkfj;ksa dk Hkh leUo;u djs lkFk gh vkxkeho�kZ ds fy, ^Jfed ctV* fnlacj ds eghus esarS;kj djuk Hkh mldh ft+Eesnkjh gksxhA

ftyk leUo;d dh vU; ftEesnkfj;ksa esa �kkfeygSa &- le;≤ ij ftys esa fd, tk jgs dk;ksZa

ij ut+j j[kukA ,sls dk;ksZa dks eatwjh nsuktks fd dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh ds dk;Z {ks= lsckgj gaSA

- ftyk iapk;r dh lgk;rk djuk ,oa jkT;lfefr dks izLrqr djus ds fy, okf�kZdfjiksVZ rS;kj djukA

- jkT; Lrj ij ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds dke dks jkT;jkst+xkj xkjaVh lfefr ekWfuVj djsxh ¼ftls^jkT; lfefr Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS½

- jkT; lfefr jkT; ljdkj ds lykgdkj ds:i esa dke djsxhA tSls fd jkT; lfefrjkT; ljdkj dks Hkqxrku nj] csjkst+xkjHkRrs dh nj rFkk ewY;kadu ds fy, fd,x, izca/kksa ds fo�k;ksa ij lq>ko nsxhA vkSjdze vuqlkj fd;s tkus okys dk;Zdzeksa dhlwph rS;kj djuk rFkk jkT; fo/kkf;dk dsle{k okf�kZd fjiksVZ rS;kj dj izLrqr djukHkh jkT; lfefr dk dk;Z gksxkA

vUrr% ;g vf/kfu;e ,d jk�Vªh; jkst+xkjxkjaVh lfefr ds xBu dk vkns�k Hkh nsrk gSAmlds dk;Zdze jk�Vªh; Lrj ij gksaxs] ijUrq osjkT; lfefr ls feyrs&tqyrs gh gksaxsA jk�Vªh;lfefr jk�Vªh; Lrj ij bl vf/kfu;e dsdk;kZUo;u ij utj j[ksxh] lkFk gh dsUnzljdkj dks bl fo�k; esa lq>ko nsxh vkSjlaln ds le{k bldh okf�kZd fjiksVZ j[ksxhA

22


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igys pj.k esa jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds

dk;kZUo;u ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ftyksa dh lwph

23


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24


25


ikjnf�kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh

6- D;k ¼bZ-th-,l-½ esa Hkz�Vkpkj ds fo:) dqNcpko �kkfey fd, x, gSa \gka] bl vf/kfu;e esa ikjnf�kZrk ,oa tokcnsghlqfuf�pr djus ds izca/k fd, x, gSaA tSlsfd lHkh etnwjksa dks tkWc dkMZ fn, x, gSa]esgrkuk lh/kk dke djus okys O;fDr ds gkFkesa gh fn;k tk,xk vkSj ,slk igys ls fu/kkZfjr rkjh[k ij xkao ds fdlh O;fDr dhmifLFkfr esa fd;k tk,xkA lkFk gh lkjst:jh nLrkostksa dks lkekftd vads{k.k dsfy, xzke lHkk ds le{k j[kk tk,xkA ;gkalwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds vf/kfu;e dk mYys[kdjuk Hkh mfpr gksxk D;ksafd lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dk vf/kfu;e vkSj jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkjxkjaVh vf/kfu;e ,d&nwljs ds iwjd gSaA¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ esa ikjnf�kZrk lqfuf�prdjus ds fy, cuk, x, fu;e blds Mªk¶Vds eqdkcys cgqr detksj gSaA ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-2005½ esa Hkz�Vkpkj ds f[kykQ ,d izko/kku gStks ¼vkf[kjh le; ij Mkyk x;k Fkk ½ vkSjog dkQh [krjukd gSA

2- Hkz�Vkpkj ds fo:) og dkSulkizko/kku gS \;g izko/kku dgrk gS fd vxj dsUnz ljdkjdks ,slh f�kdk;r feyrh gS fd nh xbZ jkf�kdk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks jgk vkSj vxj blf�kdk;r ls dsUnz larq�V gks tkrk gS] rks ogbl Ldhe ds varxZr nh tk jgh jkf�k ijjksd yxk ldrk gSA vxj igyh utj esans[ksa rks ;g izko/kku Hkz�Vkpkj ls yM+us esal�kDr ,oa mi;ksxh yxrk gSA ijUrq okLroesa ;g izko/kku =qfViw.kZ ,oa vO;ogkfjd gS

vkSj bldk xyr iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrkgSA ewyHkwr ijs�kkuh ;g gS fd ;g Hkz�Vkpkjdjus okyksa ds ctk; Hkz�Vkpkj ds f�kdkjyksxksa dks pksV igaqpkrk gSA D;ksafd Hkz�Vkpkjgksus ds ekeys esa ;g izko/kku ^Ldhe* dsvarxZr nh tk jgh jkf�k ij jksd yxkrk gSftlls vUrr% funksZ�k xzkeh.k etnwj gh dfBukbZesa vk,axsAlkFk gh ;g izko/kku dsUnzh; ljdkj dksHkz�Vkpkj ds iq[rk lcwrksa ds vHkko esa Hkhvuqnku ij jksd yxkus dh �kfDr nsrk gSAbldh bl det+ksjh dk dsUnz ,oa jkT; ljdkjds >xMs+ esa xyr mi;ksx dj] bl Ldhe dkspqfuank bykdksa esa can djok;k tk ldrk gSA

bl detksj vkSj vO;ogkfjd izko/kku dsctk; ikjnf�kZrk c<+kus ds fy, vfuok;Z gSfd xkao ds yksxksa dks gh] gks jgs dk;ksZa ijut+j j[kus dks dgk tk, vkSj Hkz�Vkpkj dhf�kdk;r vkus ij tYn&ls&tYn nksf�k;ksaij dk;Zokgh dh tk,A

3- ;s vf/kfu;e turk dh ¼ljdkjh[kkrksa vkSj fdrkcksa½ rd igaqp ds fo�k;esa D;k funsZ�k nsrk gS \blds fy, vf/kfu;e esa ^rhu izca/k* gSaAigyk&Ldhe ls tqMs+ lHkh [kkrs ,oa fdrkcsalkoZtfud fd, tk,axsA vkSj dksbZ Hkh O;fDrQhl tek djok bu fjdkMksZa dh izfr izkIrdj ldrk gSA nwljk&eLVj jksy dh izfrtkap ds fy, xzke iapk;r ,oa dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gS]ftlds fy, Ldhe ds varxZr r; Qhl tekdjokuh gksxhA rhljk&xzke iapk;r dks xzkelHkk ds le{k lkekftd vads{k.k ds fy,

26


lkjh fdrkcsa] [kkrs bR;kfn miyC/k djkusgksaxsA

;gka eq[; ijs�kkuh ;g gS fd t:jr dsnLrkostksa dh izfr izkIr djus ds fy, fdruhQhl yh tk,xh bldh dksbZ lhek fu/kkZfjrugha gSA nwljk xzke iapk;r ds n¶rj esaeLVj jksy dk [kqyklk gksuk ck/; ugha gS]vkSj ;gh bl vf/kfu;e dh lcls det+ksjdM+h gS] D;ksafd iSls dh gsjkQsjh ds fy,eLVj jksy esa /kka/kysckth djuk lcls izpfyrrjhdk gSA ij bu lc nLrkostksa dh tkudkjh^lwpuk ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2005* ds varxZrikbZ tk ldrh gSA bl vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- 2005½ ds ikjnf�kZrk lqfuf�prdjus okys izko/kkuksa ls dgha vf/kd �kfDr�kkyhgSaA

tSls fd & ¼lwpuk ds vf/kdkj & 2005 vf/kfu;e ds varxZr] ljdkjh nLrkostksa dhizfr izkIr djus dh Qhl lqfuf�pr gS] lkFkgh bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ljdkjh ,tsfUl;k¡ekaxs tkus ij lwpuk dk [kqyklk djus dsfy, ck/; gSa ¼ dsoy dqN ifjfLFfr;ksa dksNksM+ ½lcls t:jh ckr vxj ljdkjh vQlj,slk ugha djrs rks os l[r tqekZuk nsus dsfy, ck/; gksaxsA

4- bl Ldhe esa gksus okyk /ku fuos�kdsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds chp fdlizdkj ckaVk tk,xk \dsUnz ljdkj dks Jfedksa dh etnwjh vkSjlkeku ij gksus okys 3@4 [kpZ dks <ksukgksxk tcfd jkT; ljdkj dks lkeku ijgksus okys 1@4 [kpZ vkSj csjkst+xkj HkRrs dk

[kpZ mBkuk gksxkA vkSj vxj et+nwj vkSjlkeku dk vuqikr 60%40 ¼tk s blvf/kfu;e ds varxZr lcls de gS½ gksxk rksjkT; ljdkj dks etnwjh dk 10 izfr�krfgLlk rFkk csjkst+xkj HkRrk nsuk gksxk

5- vf/kdrj jkT; ljdkjksa ds ikllalk/kuksa dk vHkko gS rks os bZ-th-,l-dk Hkkj fdl izdkj mBk,xh \bl Ldhe ds varxZr jkT; ljdkjksa dksyxHkx iwjs [kpsZ dk 10% nsuk gksxkA orZekufLFkfr ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkjsa dsUnz }kjkpykbZ tk jgh lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkst+xkj ;kstukvksadk 25% Hkkj mBk jgh gSa ( ;s dk;Zdze¼bZ-th-,l-½ esa lfEefyr dj fn;s tk,axsAjkT; ljdkj ds fy, ¼bZ-th-,l-½ dk vyxls [kpZ de gh gksxkA vkSj vxj blls gksusokys fofHkUu vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd Qk;nksaij ut+j Mkysa rks ;g ,d vPNk fuos�kgksxkA

6- D;k bZ-th-,l- iw.kZ :i ls xzke iapk;rksa }kjkykxw ugha gksuh pkfg, \dqN jkT;ksa esa �kk;n ,slk djuk laHko gksAijUrq vf/kdRrj jkT;ksa esa ,slk djus ls iwoZcgqr rS;kjh ,oa le; dh vko�;drk gSA;gh dkj.k gS fd bl vf/kfu;e esa xzkeiapk;r ds ctk; CykWd dks Ldhe dk;kZfUordjus okyh ,tsUlh ds :i esa pquk x;k gSAnwljk cM+k dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd xkao Lrj ijdke dh ekax vkSj mldh miyC/krk ds chplkeatL; fcBuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA ;glkeatL; CykWd Lrj ij FkksM+h vklkuh lsfcBk;k tk ldrk g SA gkyk a fd ;gvf/kfu;e dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka

27


xzke iapk;r dks nsus ds fo�k; ij yphyk gSA

7- D;k efgykvksa dks ¼bZ-th-,l-½ Ldheds varxZr jkstxkj izkIr djus dk lghekSdk feysxk \;g vf/kfu;e dgrk gS fd bl ckr dkslqfuf�pr fd;k tk, fd bl Ldhe ds varxZrefgykvksa dks jkst+xkj nsus esa izkFkfedrk nhtk,] ftlls fd efgyk,a bl Ldhe dhde&ls&de 1@3 ykHkkFkhZ cusaA ;gka ;gckr lkQ ugha gS fd ftu LFkkuksa ij vkosndksaesa efgykvksa dk izfr�kr ,d frgkbZ ¼1@3½ls de gksxk ogka D;k fd;k tk,A ,slhfLFkfr esa dksf�k�k dh tkuh pkfg, fd efgykvksadks bl fo�k; ij tkx�r dj mUgsa vkxs vkusdks dgk tk, vkSj vkosnu i= bR;kfn Hkjusesa Hkh mudh lgk;rk dh tk,A

8- vxj ft+Eesnkj vf/kdkjh blvf/kfu;e ds varxZr viuk dke Bhdls ugha djrs rks \gkykafd ,slh fLFkfr esa xSjft+Eesnkj vf/kdkfj;ksads f[kykQ tqekZus dk izca/k gksuk pkfg, &¼tSls fd vxj os vkosnu Lohdkj djus esavkukdkuh djsa] ;k le; ij et+nwjh u nsa ;kcsjkst+xkjh HkRrk u nsa½ ijUrq ;g vf/kfu;ebl n�f�V ls cgqr det+ksj gSA ;g dgrk gSfd xSj ftEesnkjkuk vkpj.k ds fy, vf/kdkjh dks T;knk ls T;knk ,d gtkj rd dktqekZuk Hkjuk iM+ ldrk gSA ;gh dksf�k�k dhtk ldrh gS fd jkT; Lrj ij blvf/kfu;e ds dk;kZUo; ds fy, tks fu;e cusaos bl fo�k; ij FkksMk dM+k :[k ysaA

9 -D;k j k �V ª h; j k st +x kj xkj aV hvf/kfu;e 2005 jkT;ksa dks vius jkst+xkjxkjaVh dk;Zdze cukus ,oa ykxw djusdk volj nsxk \gka] jkT; ljdkjksa dks vius jkst+xkj xkjaVhvf/kfu;e cukus dh iwjh LoPNUnrk gksxh ijmUgsa bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd ¼1½mudk bZ-th-,l- vf/kfu;e jk�Vªh; bZ-th-,l-vf/kfu;e ds vuq:i gSA ¼2½ lkFk gh ;s /;kuHkh j[kuk gksxk fd u;k vf/kfu;e etnwjksa dsvf/kdkjksa dks de ugha dj ldrkA

vkWuykbZu ekWfuVfjax

¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds csgrj fØ;kUo;u]izca/ku vkSj ekWfuVfjax ds fy, xzkeh.k fodklea=ky; us bldh vkWuykbZu ekWfuVfjax dhlqfo/kk dk xBu fd;k gSAbl lqfo/kk ds varxZr ukxfjd fuEutkudkfj;k¡ izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

§ py jgs dke§ eLVj jksy§ jkst+xkj laca/kh ckjhfd;k¡§ cukbZ xbZ laifRr§ dk;Zdze ds izHkko§ ¼lkekftd vads{k.k½ dh ckjhfd;k¡

lkFk gh os bl vf/kfu;e ls lacaf/kr vU;tkudkfj;k¡ tSls & ljdkjh funsZ�k] jkst+xkjds fy, fdrus vkosnu vk,] fdrus tkWcdkMZ ckaVs x;s rFkk fdrus yksxksa dks jkst+xkjfn;k x;k] cgh] LFkk;h lEifRr cgh]eLVjjksy cgh bR;kfn ij Hkh tkudkjh ysldrs gSaA¼lzksr % xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; osclkbZV] 2006½

28


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iiffjjookkjj ffddrurus s iiffjjookkjjkkssa a ddkks s ttWWc c ddkkMMZ Z cckkaaVVs s xx,,

nnh h xxbbZ Z jjkkff��k k ¼¼20200066&&0077½ ½ yykk[[k k ::II;;ss

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13 3877669 3877669 20000 1128000 571016 12014

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1 272-85

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¼lzksr % xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; osclkbZV] 2006½¼fjDr LFkku n�kkZrs gSa fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk dksbZ lwpuk ugha Hksth xbZ½

29


jk�V ª h; jk st +xkj xkj aVh vf/k fu;e¼2005½ dks lgh <ax ls ykxw djus esa^^lwpuk ds vf/kdkj** dk vf/kfu;e¼2005½ fdl izdkj lgk;d gks ldrkgS \Hkkjr ds uhfr&fuekZrkvksa ds le{k �kk;nlcls cM+h pqukSrh xzkeh.k fodkl dh gSAxzkeh.k fodkl ds vusdksa dk;Zdze pykusvkSj muesa vjcksa :i; ds fuos�k ds ckotwn]vkt Hkh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ,d mnklhu fLFkfresa ut+j vkrk gSA ftlds ToyUr mnkgj.kgS gekjs xkaoksa esa c<+ jgh xjhch] csjkst+xkjh]Hkq[kejh] cPpksa vkSj ekrkvksa esa c<+rk dqiks�k.kvkSj f�k�kq e`R;q nj] ihus ds ikuh vkSjfct+yh dk vHkko bR;kfnA vkSj xzkeh.kfodkl esa ukdkeh dk Js; uhfr&fuekZ.k esa=qfV;ksa dks mruk ugha tkrk ftruk fd muuhfr;ksa ds vlQy dk;kZUo;u dks tkrkgSA

leL;k dk fo�k; ;g gS fd yksxksa dksvDlj ^^ykxw Ldhe@ifj;kstukvksa** dsfo�k; esa rFkk muds dk;kZUo;u esa gks jgsHkz�Vkpkj ds fo�k; esa dksbZ tkudkjh gh ughagksrhA vkSj blh dfBukbZ ls Åcjus esa^lwpuk ds vf/kdkj* dk vf/kfu;e gekjklcls cM+k lgk;d gks ldrk gSA bl vf/kfu;e dh lgk;rk ls vke turk esa fodklls tqM+h fofHkUu Ldheksa ds fo�k; esa tkudkjhQSykbZ tk ldrh gS rFkk muds dk;kZUo;uesa [kqykiu vkSj ikjnf�kZrk ykbZ tk ldrhgSA blls uhfr ds fuekZ.k ,oa dk;kZUo;u

nksuksa gh izfdz;ksa esa turk dk er ,oa mldhHkkxhnkjh fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gSA

laln us lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dk dkuwu ebZ2005 esa ikl dj fn;k FkkA O;ogkfjd Lrjij vDVwcj ekg ls ukxfjd bldk mi;ksxdj jgs gSaA blls igys ;g vf/kdkj dqNjkT;ksa rd gh lhfer Fkk o buesa ls vusdjkT;ksa esa ;g dkuwu dkQh detksj FkkA vcvis{kkd�r etcwr dkuwu iwjs ns�k ds fy,miyC/k gks x;k gSA

xzkeh.k fodkl ;kstukvksa o dk;ksZa ds lUnHkZesa lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dk O;ogkfjd egRo;g gS fd vc dkuwuh rkSj ij bu ;kstukvksao dk;ksZa laca/kh tkudkjh dks [kqyk djuk olcds lkeus j[kuk t:jh gSA blds vfrfjDrtks vU; tkudkjh fdlh xkaooklh dks pkfg,mldks Hkh vkosnu }kjk izkIr fd;k tkldrk gSA fofHkUu nLrkostksa tSls fcy]okmpj] eLVj jksy vkfn dk fujh{k.k fd;ktk ldrk gS o budh QksVksdkWih Hkh izkIrdh tk ldrh gSaA vHkh tks dk;Z py jgkgS mldh tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSo fiNys dk;ksZa dh tkudkjh Hkh izkIr dhtk ldrh gSA fyLV bR;kfn izkIr gksus dsi�pkr] ftu ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds uke] lwph esa gSamuls iwNrkN dj ;g tkudkjh yh tkldrh gS fd &

1- D;k mUgsa okLro esa dke fn;k x;kgS \

2- vkSj vxj fn;k x;k gS rks D;kmUgsa mruh et+nwjh nh xbZ ftruh

jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e vkSj lwpuk dk vf/kdkj

30


fd ljdkjh [kkrksa esa p<+kbZ x;hgSA

vxj iwNrkN djus ij ljdkjh [kkrksa vkSjykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh ckrksa esa rkyesy ugha cSBrkrks tkudkjh dh ekax j[kus okyksa dks pkfg,fd os bl /kka/kysckth ds eqn~ns dks ljdkjhvf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k j[ksa rkfd bl ekeysls tqMs+ nksf�k;ksa dks lt+k nh tk ldsA

lkFk gh ,sls ekeyksa esa ^^tu lquokbZ** dklgkjk Hkh fy;k tk ldrk gSA tgka vkeyksx gh lgHkkxh vkSj u;k;eaMyh Hkh gksaxsAbl izdkj dh izfdz;k esa ckrphr [kqys ekgkSyesa gksrh gS vkSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh ckr dhizekf.kdrk dks ikjn�khZ <ax ls ij[kk tkrkgSAvxj ;s lc gksus ds ckotwn Hkh nksf�k;ksa dsf[kykQ dkjokbZ ugha dh tkrh rks bl ckjlwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds vf/kfu;e ds varxZr,d vkSj vkosnu Qkby fd;k tk ldrk gS;g tkuus ds fy, fd Qkby dh xbZf�kdk;r dh vjt+h dgka rd igaqph gS vkSjml ij D;k fu.kZ; fy;k tk jgk gS \bl ckj ljdkjh vf/kdkjh tokc nsus dsfy, et+cwj gks tk,axs] D;ksafd ,slk uk djusij ,d fuf�pr le; lhek ds ckn mudhixkj dkVh tk,xhA tSls fd fnYyh lwpukds vf/kdkj ds vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ;fnftEesnkj ljdkjh vf/kdkjh vkosnu izkIrgksus ds rhl fnu ds vanj lwpuk miyC/kdjkus esa vlQy jgrk rks mldh ixkjdkVh tk,xhA

vxj ljdkjh vf/kdkjh fQj Hkh vkukdkuhdjrs gSa rks U;k;ky; dk njokt+k [kV[kVk;ktkuk pkfg,Abl vkosnu esa vki bl izdkj ds iz�uksa dksj[k ldrs gSa

1- dÌ;k crk,a fd esjs vkosnu ij vcrd D;k dne mBk, x, gSa \

2- dÌ;k eq>s mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ukevkSj mikf/k dh tkudkjh nhft,ftuds ikl esjk vkosnu fpfUgrvof/k esa iM+k gqvk FkkA d�I;k ;svo�; crk,a fd fdruh vof/k rdesjk vkosnu fdl vf/kdkjh ds iklFkk vkSj mDr vof/k esa mlus mlij D;k fu.kZ; fy;kA

3- vkids fu;eksa ds eqrkfcd bl izdkjds ekeys fdrus fnuksa esa fuiVkfy, tkus pkfg,A d�I;k eq>s mufu;eksa dh ,d izfr Hkh miyC/kdjk,aA

4- dÌ;k eq>s fpfUgr vf/kdkfj;ksa dsvkpj.k fu;eksa dh lwph Hkh tkjhdjsaA D;k ;s vf/kdkjh mu vkpj.kfu;eksa ds mYya?ku ds nks�kh ik,x, gSa \

5- bu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ bufu;eksa ds mYya?ku ds fy, ,oaturk dks ekufld ihM+k nsus dsfy, D;k dkjokbZ dh tk ldrh gS\

6- vki esjh f�kdk;r ij dc rdfu.kZ; ysaxs \

31


nwljk cM+k fpUrk dk eqn~nk gS] ftl izdkjbu jkst+xkj ,oa xjhch mUewyu dh Ldheksadks ykxw djus esa fd;k tkus okyk i{kikr A

vDlj ,slk ns[kk x;k gSa fd jkst+xkj ,oaxjhch mUewyu dh Ldhe ds vUrxZr ykHkkfFkZ;ksadk pquko djrs le; xzke lHkk dh ehfVaxlgh <ax ls ugha dh tkrh vkSj vxj ehfVaxgksrh Hkh gS rks mlesa dsoy pUn lnL;mifLFkr gksrs gSaA dbZ ckj Lo;alsoh lewgdsoy dkx+t ij gh ekStwn gksrs gSaA vkSj bulewgksa ds uke is dsoy iz/kku ds fudV laca/kh ;k �okl yksx gh bu lc Ldheksa ds ykHkmBk ysrs gSaA ;k rks vke turk dks budsfo�k; esa dksbZ Kku ugha gksrk ;k fQj mUgsatks FkksM+k cgqr ykHk feyrk gS og Hkh dsoy?kwl nsus ds i�pkr~A

dk;Z iz.kkyh dks lqfu;ksftr <ax ls pykus dsfy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd xzkeh.k Lrj ij buLdheksa ds varxZr gks jgs dke ds fiNys dqNo�kksZa ds fjdkMZ vkSj [kkrksa dks ^turk ds vf/kdkj* vf/kfu;e dk iz;ksx dj lkekftdvads{k.k ds fy, fudyok;k tk,A

dke dh tkap dk;Z LFky ij tk dj Hkh dhtk ldrh gS ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd %

1- LFkk;h ifjlEifRr ekStwn gS ;k ugha2- vkSj vxj gS rks fd;s x, dke dk

mRrerk lgh gS ;k ughaA

lkFk gh vke turk dk ljdkjh [kpsZ ijfu;a=.k gksuk pkfg, vkSj jkst+xkj@xjhchmUewyu bR;kfn dh Ldhe ds varxZr mudh;s ekaxsa iwjh gksuh pkfg,]

1- LFkkuh; turk ds lkFk ijke�kZ fd;s

fcuk ,d Hkh ljdkjh iSlk [kpZ ughagksuk pkfg,A

2- tc dke py jgk gks rks turk dksmls ns[kus ,oa mldk ewY;kadu djusdk vf/kdkj gksuk pkfg,A vkSj dk;ZlekfIr ds i�pkr~ mlls lacaf/krfjdkMZ vkSj [kkrksa dks lkekftdvads{k.k ds fy, [kksy fn;k tkukpkfg,A

3- vkSj dk;Z ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh Hkqxrkudjus ls iwoZ turk dh ml dke lslarqf�V gksuk vfuok;Z gksuk pkfg,Aturk dh eat+wjh ds fcuk dksbZ jkf�kdk Hkqxrku ugha gksuk pkfg,A

^lwpuk ds vf/kdkj* dk vf/fu;e fodklizfdz;k esa turk dh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+koknsrk gSA ,slk blfyh, gS D;ksafd ^lwpuk dsvf/kdkj* dk vf/kfu;e ljdkjh foHkkxksa ij;g ft+Eesnkjh Mkyrk gS fd os Lo;a vketurk ls tqMs+ egRoiw.kZ eqn~nksa dh tkudkjhlkoZtfud djsaA vkSj tc ,slk gksxk rks ;gvke turk] lkekftd laLFkkvksa] cqf)thfo;ksa,d volj nsxk fd os uhfr&fuekZ.k] fu.kZ;izfdz;k ,oa uhfr;ksa ds dk;kZUo;u esa viukcgqewY; ;ksxnku ns ldsaA

^lwpuk ds vf/kdkj* dk vf/kfu;e vkSjiapk;rh jktvxj ̂lwpuk ds vf/kdkj* dk vkanksyu fofHkUujkT;ksa ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa l�kDr fd;k tk,rks ogka fd jkT; ljdkjksa ij bl ckr dkncko cuk;k tk ldrk gS fd os iapk;rhjkt ¼tks fd xzkeh.k fodkl dk lcls egRoiw.kZ;a= gS½ ls lacaf/kr fuEu ekaxksa dks Lohdkj

32


djsaAos ekaxsa gSa &

1- xzke iapk;r iz/kku ds fy, ;g furkarvko�;d gksuk pkfg, fd og xzkelHkk ds lHkh lnL;ksa dks ehfVax dsle; ,oa mlds mn~ns�; ds fo�k;esa iwoZ lwfpr djsaA

2- lkFk gh xjhch mUewyu ,oa jkst+xkjxkjaVh Ldheksa ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds pqukods le; lHkklnksa dh fufnZ�V la[;kdk vo�; /;ku j[ksaA ftlesa efgykvksavkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfrds lnL;ksa dh fufnZ�V la[;k ij Hkhfo�ks�k /;ku fn;k tk,A

3- xzkeh.k LFkk;h ifjlEifRr ds fodkldh ;kstuk ds lHkh xzke lHkk lnL;ksa}kjk ikfjr gksus rFkk muds gLrk{kjgksus ds i�pkr~ gh mlds fy, /ku&jkf�k nh tkuh pkfg,A

4- fodkl dk;ks Z a ls lacaf/kr lkjhtkudkjh ¼tSls fd eLVj jksy] fcybR;kfn½ iapk;r dk;kZy; ds lwpukcksMZ ij vke turk ds fy, iznf�krfd, tkus pkfg,A

vxj 60 #i; izfrfnu dk U;wure osruysdj pysa rks 60 #i;s 100 fnu=6000#i;s lkykuk ;k 500 #i;s izfrekg 2001dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj vkSlru ,d xzkeh.kifjokj esa 5 ls vf/kd lnL; gSaA 300 #i;sizfrekg dh nj ls izfr lnL; 100 #i;sizfrekg ;k 3-50 #i;s izfrfnu miyC/kgksxkA izfrfnu 3 #i;s esa Hkstu �kk;n ghlaHko gksA

Hkkx 2,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- ls lacaf/kr

dqN lq>kojk�Vªh; jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e ;kfu ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ 2005 & ,slk igyk jk�Vªh;volj gS ftlds varxZr iapk;rksa dk lghek;uksa esa l�kfDrdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA,slk djus esa dqn ckrksa dk [kkldj /;kuj[kuk gksxkA

1- bl ckr dks lqfuf�pr djsa fdfu/kkZfjr et+nwjh okLro esa nhtk jgh gS %& iqjkus vuqHkoksa ls;g ckr lkfcr gksrh gs fd ̂jkst+xkj;k xjhch mUewyu* dh Ldheksa dsbl Hkkx dks ykxw djuk lclsdfBu dke gksrk gS vkSj fu/kkZfjret+nwjh dks ykxw djokus dk eq[;Hkkj xzke iapk;rksa ds da/kksa ij gSAlkFk gh xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa olkeqnkf;d laLFkkvksa dh Hkh blesalfdz; Hkwfedk gSA

2- /kujkf�k ds lgh caVokjs dk sysdj �kadk,a %& eq[; iz�u ;ggS fd fdruh dq�kyrk ds lkFk /kujkf�k dk caVokjk fd;k tk,xkftlls fd fpfUgr bykdks a es avko�;drk vuqlkj jkst+xkj iSnkfd;k tk ldsA lkFk gh turk ,oaukxj lekt dks vkus okys ct+V esa¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds fy, fu/kkZfjrdh xbZ /kujkf�k ij Hkh /;ku nsukgksxkA ;s Hkh ns[kuk gksxk fd fiNyh

33


xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa jkst+xkj ;kstukvksadks ¼tSls fd lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkst+xkj;kstuk] jk�Vªh; dke ds fy, vuktdk;Zdze bR;kfn½ vkus okys le;esa dj fn;k tkrk gS ;k gVk fn;ktkrk gS ;k fiNys ct+V esa mudksftruh jkf�k vkoafVr dh xbZ Fkhmls ?kVk ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ dks >ksyhesa Mky fn;k tkrk gSA flQZ o�kZdh lekfIr ls iwoZ Ldhe dks pkywfn[kku ds fy, ljdkj dks fiNyso�kZ dh rjg ,d Ldhe ls /ku jkf�kfudky nwljh Ldhe esa Mkyus dhizfdz;k dks bl o�kZ ugha nksgjkukpkfg,A

3- bl vf/kfu;e ds dk;kZUo;u es aefgykvks a dks vf/kdkf/kd izfrfuf/kRoiznku djuk % bl n�f�V ls Hkh cgqregRoiw.kZ gS fd 2001 dh tux.kuk dsvuqlkj Hkkjr 80 izfr�kr xzkeh.k efgyk,ad�f�k ,oa xSj&d�f�k dk;ksZa esa yxh gqbZ gSAbldk eq[; dkj.k iq:�kksa dk jkst+xkj dhryk�k esa �kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u ekuk tkrkgS ftlls efgykvksa dks xzkeh.k jkst+xkjksa esaiq:�kksa dk LFkku ysuk iM+ jgk gSA lkFk gh;g ^Ldhe* 100 fnuksa dh y?kq le; lhek,oa vdq�ky �kkjhfjd et+nwjh tSls dkj.kksals efgykvksa ds fy, cgqr vkd�kZd LdhegSA

tgka rd ,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- ds lgh dk;kZUo;udh ckr gS rks gesa bl ckr ij /;ku nsukgksxk fd bl ^Ldhe* dks xzkeh.k jkst+xkj

dh vU; Ldheksa ds lkFk lfEefyr uk djfn;k tk,A vkSj vxj mUgsa lfEefyr djukvfuok;Z gS Hkh rks] tc rd ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ iwjs Hkkjr esa Hkh ykxw u gks tk, rc rdljdkj dks izrh{kk djuh pkfg,A lkFk ghvf/kfu;e esa ;g lkQ rkSj ij dgk x;k gSfd %&vU; Ldheksa dh /ku jkf�k ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,½ds varxZr iz;ksx dh tk ldrh gS vxjfd;s tk jgs dk;Z bl vf/kfu;e dh lwph}kjk ikfjr gSaA ijUrq bldk mYVk lEHkougha gSA

4- ge D;k dj ldrs gSa

ge bl izkbej dk lekiu pUn lq>koksa lsdjsaxs fd ge ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds lghdk;kZUo;u esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gks ldrsgSa \ ,sls cgqr lkjs fopkjksa ij igys ls Hkhdke py jgk gS vkSj ge vk�kk djrs gSa fd;s lq>ko vkidks vius bykds esa lekudk;Zdze �kq: djus esa lgk;d gksaxsA

¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds fo�k; esa tkudkjhQSykuk lcls egRoiw.kZ dne gS vkSj ;gizkbej bl izfdz;k esa lgk;d gksxkA

- izkbej dks i<+as+ vkSj blds bnZfxnZppkZ,a ,oa dk;Z�kkyk,sa vk;ksftrdjsaA

- izkbej dks {ks=h; Hkk�kkvksa esa fudkysavkSj mls ckaVsaA

- izkbej ds pqfuank fgLlksa ds iksLVjcuok] mUgsa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ijyxk,aA

¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds fo�k; esa tkudkjh QSykus

34


ds fy, yksdxhrksa vkSj uqDdM+ ukVdksa bR;kfndks ek/;e cuk,aA

in;k=kvksa] lkbZfdy ;k cl ;k=kvksa ds ek/;e ls bl fo�k; ij tkudkjh ckaVsA

jkT; ljdkj ij fuEu eqn~nksa dks ysdjyxkrkj ncko cuk, j[kus dh vko�;drk gS%

1- ,d vljnkj ̂ jkst+xkj xkjaVh Ldhe*ds xBu dks ysdj ncko

2- ¼bZ-th-,l-½ ds fu;e feytqy djcuk, tk,sa bl ckr ij ncko

3- tkWc dkMZ ds fMt+kbu ds fo�k; ijncko

tc vkids jkT; esa ^jkstxkj xkjaVh Ldhe*ykxw gks tk, rks mlds fu;eksa dks /;kuiwoZdi<saA vki mu fu;eksa ij vk/kkfjr viusjkT; ds fy, blh izdkj dk ,d izkbej Hkhcuk ldrs gSaA

lkFk gh Ldhe ds ykxw gks tkus ij vkiJfedksa dh lgk;rk djus gsrq fofHkUu izdkjds dk;Zdze dj ldrs gSa] tSls fd &

1- U;wure et+nwjh fn; tkus ds fy,fujarj ncko cuk, j[kuk

2- csjkst+xkj HkRrk nsus ds fy, nckocuk, j[kuk

3- ;s lqfuf�pr djuk fd dk;Z LFkyij Jfedksa ds fy, lgh izca/k gS

4- Hkz�Vkpkj ds fdLlksa dks izdk�k esaykuk o l[r dkjokbZ dh ekax

5- ,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- ds Jfedksa ds laxBurS;kj djokuk bR;kfn

yksxksa ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd os ,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- dh izfdz;kvksa dks le>sa mudk iz;ksxdjuk lh[ksaA tSlk fd ge tkurs gSa ,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- ekax }kjk izHkkfor ¼fMekaM fMªou½Ldhe gSA ;kfu fd dk;Zdzeksa dh �kq:vkryksxksa }kjk ekax j[ks tkus ij fuHkZj djrh gSA,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- dh izfdz;k ls tqM+h dqN fuEuckrksa ij /;ku nsaA

1- xzke iapk;r esa lkewfgd iathdj.kdk;Zdze vk;ksftr djsaA

2- ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ls lacaf/kr eqn~nsxzke lHkk ,oa xzke iapk;r dh ehfVaxksaesa mBk,A

3- vius bykds esa Jfedksa dks laxfBrdjsaA

4- efgykvksa dks bl Ldhe ds rgrjkst+xkj ds fy, vkosnu nsus esalgk;rk djsaA

5- dke laca/kh lq>ko i= rS;kj djxzke lHkk dks izLrqr djsaA

2004 uoacj esa ljdkj us 150 xjhc ft+yksa esa¼jk�Vªh; dke ds cnys vukt dk;Zdze½ �kq:fd;k Fkk vxj vki bu 150 ft+yksa esa ls ,desa gSa rks vki bl vf/kfu;e ls tqMs+ dk;Zdze�kq: dj ldrs gSaA tSls fd

1- jk�Vªh; dke&ds&cnys vukt Ldheds dk;ZLFkyksa ij losZ djsa fd ogkafu;eksa dk lgh ikyu gks jgk gS ;kugha

2- dk;Z ij yxkrkj ut+j j[ksa vkSj^lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2005*dk iz;ksx Hkz�Vkpkj ls yM+us dsfy, djsaA

35


ftyksa dk pquko djrs le; rhu eq[; ckrksa dk /;ku j[kk x;k Fkk os gSa d`f�k et+nwjh]mRiknu izfr [ksrhgj vkSj ft+ys dh vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr tula[;kA

14 egkjk�Vª ¼12½ vgenuxj] vejkorh] vkSjaxkckn] HkaMkjk] panziqj] /kqys] x<+fpjkSyh] xks afn;k] fgaxksyh] ukUnsM]ukUnqjckj] ;orekyA

15 ef.kiqj ¼1½ rkesuyk¡x16 es?kky; ¼2½ n- xkjks fgYl] i- xkjks fgYlA17 fetksje ¼2½ yoaxrykbZ] lSgkA18 ukxkySaM ¼1½ eksu19 mM+hlk ¼19½ cksykaxhj] ckS/k] nsox<+] <saduky] xtifr] xate] >kjlqxqM+k] dkykgkaMh] D;ksa>j] dksjkiqV] eydkufxjh]

e;wjHkat] uojaxiqj] ukSikM+k] Qqycuh] jk;xMk] lacyiqj] lksuiqj] lqUnjx<A20 iatkc ¼1½ gksf�k;kjiqjA21 jktLFkku ¼6½ ckalokMk] Mawxjiqj] >kykokM+] djkSyh] fljksgh] mn;iqjA22 flfDde ¼1½ m- flfDdeA23 f=iqjk ¼1½ /kykbZA24 rfeyukMq ¼6½ fMaMhxqy] ukxkifV~Vue] f�koxaxbZ] n- vkjdksV@dqM~Mkywj] fr:oUukeykbZ] foYywiqjeA25 mRrjkapy ¼3½ peksyh] pEikor] fVgjh x<+okyA26 mRrj izns�k ¼22½ vktex<+] ck¡nk] ckjkcadh] pUnkSyh] fp=dwV] Qrsgiqj] xksj[kiqj] gehjiqj] gjnksbZ] tkykSu] tkSuiqj]

dkS�kkEch] dq�khuxj] y[kheiqj [khjh] yfyriqj] egksck] fetkZiqj] izrkix<+] jk;cjsyh] lhrkiqj] lksuHknz]mUukoA

27 ia- caxky ¼10½ n- 24 ijxuk] ckadqjk] chjHkwe] tyikbZxqM+h] ekynk] eqf�kZnkckn] iq:fy;k] n- fnuktiqj] i- fenukiqj]m- fnuktiqjA

ddzze e llaa-- jjkkTT;; ffttyyss

1 vka/kz izns�k ¼12½ vkfnykckn] vuariqj] fpRrwj] dqMIik] djhe uxj] [kEeke] egcwcuxj] esMd]ukyxksaMk] futkekckn] jaxkjsM~Mh] fot;uxje] okjaxyA

2 v:.kkpy izns�k ¼1½ vij] lqckufljhA3 vle ¼7½ cksaxbZxkao] /khekth] xksyikM+k] dkjch vkaxyk¡x] dksdjk>kj] m- dNkj fgYl] mRrjh

y[kheiqj ¼yk{kk½A4 fcgkj ¼23½ vjfj;k] vkSjaxkckn] Hkkstiqj] njHkaxk] x;k] teqbZ] tgkukckn] dSewj ¼Hkcqvk½] dfVvkj]

fd�kuxat] y[khljk;] e/kqcuh] eaqxsj] eqt¶Qjuxj] ukyank] uoknk] iVuk] iwf.kZ;k]jksgrkl] leLrhiqj] f�kogj] lqikSy] oS�kkyhA

5 NRrhlx<+ ¼11½ cLrj] fcykliqj] narsokM+k] /kerjh] t�kiqj] dkadsj] do/kkZ] dksfj;k] jk;x<+]jktukanxkao] ljxqtkA

6 Xqtjkr ¼6½ cukldkaBk] MkaXl] nksgksn] ueZnk] iap egy] lkcjdkaBkA7 gfj;k.kk ¼2½ egsUnzx<+] fljlkA8 fgekpy izns�k ¼2½ pEck] fljekSjA9 tEew o d�ehj ¼3½ MksMk] dqiokM+k] iaqNA10 >kj[kaM ¼20½ cksdkjks] prjk] /kuckn] nqedk] x<+ok] fxfjMhg] xksM ~Mk] xqeyk] gtkjhckx] tkerkjk]

dksMjek] yrsgj] yksgkjnXxk] ikdqj] iykew] jkaph] lkgscxat] ljk;dsyk] fleMsxk] ia-flagHkweA

11 dukZVd ¼5½ chnj] fp=nqxZ] nkouxsjs] xqycxkZ] jk;pwjA12 dsjy ¼2½ iyDdM] ok;ukMA13 e/; izns�k ¼18½ ckyk?kkV] cM+okuh] cSrwy] NRrjiqj] /kkj] fMaMksjh] >kcqvk] [kaMok ¼iwohZ fuekM+½]

eaMyk] lruk] flouh] �kgMksy] f�koiqj] f�koiqjh] lh/kh] Vhdex<+] mefj;k] ia-fuekM+ ¼[kjxksu½

igys pj.k es a jk�Vªh; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e ¼,u-vkj-bZ-th-,-½ ds dk;kZUo;uds fy, fu/kkZfjr ftyksa dh lwph

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losfpnd lal fkkvksa ,oa dk;zd Ùkkzv ksa ds fy, çkbze j primer.pdf · çkbzej jk’vªh; xzkeh.k...

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