ma. bernardita v. villaruel
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
1/184
h
K]]D]]CDB\ NE BTV]D] _VNED]]HNBKI _VKM\HMD1K FK]H] ENV KB KM\HNB _IKB EVKCDPNVG
ENV \JD BTV]HB@ ]DVUHMD
K Ckstdrs \jdshs_rdsdbtdl tn
\jd Ekmuity ne tjd @rkluktd ]mjnni ne
Tbhvdrshty ne _drpdtuki Jdip ]ystdc LKI\KIks _hks Mhty
Hb _krthki Euiehiicdbtne tjd Vdquhrdcdbts enr tjd Ld`rdd
Ckstdr ne Krts hb Burshb`Ckanr hb Burshb` Klchbhstrkthnb
CK" FDVBKVLH\K U" UHIIKVTDI) VB
Ckrmj 6?;6
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
2/184
hh
K__VNUKI ]JDD\
\jhs lhssdrtkthnb dbthtidl K]]D]]CDB\ NE BTV]D]_VNED]]HNBKI _VKM\HMD1 K FK]H] ENV KB KM\HNB _IKBEVKCDPNVG ENV \JD BTV]HB@ ]DVUHMD prdpkrdl kbl sufchttdlfy CK" FDVBKVLH\K U" UHIIKVTDI hb pkrthki euiehicdbt enr tjd ld`rddne Ckstdr ne Krts hb Burshb` Ckanr hb Burshb` Klchbhstrkthnb jksfddb dxkchbdl kbl rdmnccdbldl enr kmmdptkbmd kbl kpprnvki enr EhbkiNrki Dxkchbkthnb"
JKQDI B" UHIIK@VKMHK) DlLKlvhsdr
NVKI DZKCHBK\HNB MNCCH\\DD
Kpprnvdl fy tjd Mncchttdd nb Nrki Dxkchbkthnb whtj k `rkld ne^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"
XNIKBLK \" MKBKVHK) _jL KCDIHK C" CDBLNQK) VB) CKBCdcfdr Cdcfdr
BKNCH C" LD KVN) DlLMjkhrckb
Kmmdptdl kbl kpprnvdl hb pkrthki euiehicdbt ne tjd rdquhrdcdbts enrtjd ld`rdd ne Ckstdr ne Krts hb Burshb` Ckanr hb Burshb` Klchbhstrkthnb"
K\\X" HVHBDN E" CKV\HBDQ) AV") _jLLdkb) @rkluktd ]mjnni ne Dlumkthnb
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
3/184
hhh
KMGBNPIDL@DCDB\
\jd kutjnr dxprdssds jdr `rkthtuld tn k bucfdr ne pdnpid wjn
ckld tjhs rdsdkrmj pnsshfid" ]jd dxtdbls jdr tjkbgs kbl kpprdmhkthnb tn
kii ne tjdc enr sjkrhb` tjdhr thcd kbl deenrt kbl enr tjdhr prkydrs hb
ehbhsjhb` tjhs wnrg"
\n tjd rdsdkrmjdrs pkrdbts) Cr Lkbhdi H" Uhiikrudi kbl Crs"
Jdrchbhk U" Uhiikrudi7 tn jdr shstdr) Ck"Ckr`krhtk Uhiikrudi#Fkbznb
kbl jdr ekchiy7 tn jdr frntjdr) Erkbmhs Kbtjnby U" Uhiikrudi) kbl tn jdr)
fdst erhdbl) Ck" \jdrdsk V" Lkvhl) enr tjd ubthrhb` jdip kbl
hccdksurkfid cnrki suppnrt hb kmmncpihsjhb` tjhs stuly"
\n Lr" Kbtnbhn I" \kckyn kbl ekchiy) enr tjd smjnikrsjhp tjkt
wks `hvdb tn tjd rdsdkrmjdr"
Ktty" Hrhbdn Ckrthbdz) tjd Ldkb ne tjd @rkluktd ]mjnni ne
Dlumkthnb) T_J]L) wjn `kvd jhs `dbuhbd suppnrt lurhb` tjd ehbki pjksd
ne tjd stuly"
Lr" Jkzdi Uhiik`rkmhk) tjd wrhtdrs tdkmjdr kbl klvhsdr) enr jdr
`rdkt mnbmdrb) pkthdbmd) kbl ksshstkbmd enr tjd rdkihzkthnb ne tjhs stuly"
Lr" Gktjryb Einrn#Mruz) k pjyshmhkb kt T_JLCM) enr jdr
cnthvkthnb) hbvkiukfid hbsh`jts) kbl klvhmd tjkt jdip tn hcprnvd jdr
stuly"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
4/184
hv
Cs" Didbhtk Akvhdr) tjd Mjhde Bursd ne tjd rdsdkrmj inmkid ne tjd
stuly) wjn `kvd kii tjd suppnrt bddldl kbl enr kiinwhb` tjd rdsdkrmjdr
tn euiehi tjd rdsdkrmj wnrg hb tjdhr hbsthtuthnb"
Lr" Einrdbmhk Ckrehi) Ldkb ne tjd Mniid`d ne Dlumkthnb) T_J]L)
enr jdr cntjdriy klvhmd kbl k suppnrthvd prnedssnr lurhb` tjd hbhthki
pjksd ne rdsdkrmj wnrg"
Ldkb Bknch Ld Krn) Ldkb ne Mniid`d ne Burshb`) LI]T
Lksckrhbks) Mkvhtd) tjd pkbdi mjkhrckb) enr jdr su``dsthnbs) kbl
rdmnccdblkthnbs enr tjd hcprnvdcdbt ne tjd stuly"
Cs" Kcdihk Cdblnzk) Lr" Xnikblk Mkbkrhk) kbl Ldkb
Erkbmhsmn ]nsk) wjn `kvd tjdhr thcd ks ldedbsd pkbdi cdcfdrs lurhb`
tjd rdsdkrmjdrs mjkiidb`hb` stk`ds ne tjd rdsdkrmj wnrg"
Lr" Adsus @niikykb) stkthsthmhkb ne T_J]L) wjn jks sjkrdl jhs
pkrt hb stkthsthmki trdktcdbt"
Cr" Erkbmhsmn Vhvks) dlhtnr ne T_J]L) wjn `kvd jhs thcd hb
dlhthb` tjhs stuly"
Kbl kfnvd kii) tn @nl Kich`jty) enr dblnwhb` tjd rdsdkrmjdr tjd
whslnc) pkthdbmd kbl ldtdrchbkthnb tn nvdrmncd tjd trhkis tn summddl hb
tjhs ubldrtkghb`"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
5/184
v
KF]\VKM\
Bkcd ne Hbsthtuthnb1 Tbhvdrshty ne _drpdtuki Jdip LKI\K
Kllrdss1 _kcpinbk) Iks _hbks Mhty
\htid1 Kssdsscdbt ne Bursds _rnedsshnbki
_rkmthmd1 K Fkshs Enr Kb Kmthnb _ikb
Erkcdwnrg enr tjd Burshb` ]drvhmd
Kutjnr1 Ck" Fdrbkrlhtk U" Uhiikrudi
Ld`rdd1 Ckstdr ne Krts hb Burshb`
Ckanr1 Burshb` Klchbhstrkthnb
Lktd ne Mncpidthnb1 Ckrmj 6?;6
]\K\DCDB\ NE \JD _VNFIDC1
\jhs stuly snu`jt tn ksmdrtkhb tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s ne bursds
kbl tjdhr hcpihmkthnbs tn prnedsshnbki prkmthmd" \jd kbswdrs tn tjd
eniinwhb` spdmhehm qudsthnbs wdrd kttkhbdl1
;" Pjkt hs tjd ldcn`rkpjhm prnehid ne bursds kmmnrlhb` tn `dbldr)
k`d) mhvhi stktus) idb`tj ne sdrvhmd kbl pnshthnb>
6" Pjkt krd tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s ne tjd bursds prnedsshnbki
prkmthmd hb tdrcs ne tjrdd didcdbts ne prkmthmd1 Ekmhihtkthnb7
Burturkbmd7 kbl Tbmnblhthnbki Kmmdptkbmd>
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
6/184
vh
=" Hs tjdrd k sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmd fdtwddb tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s
ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd hb tdrcs ne ekmhihtkthnb) burturkbmd
kbl ubmnblhthnbki kmmdptkbmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn `dbldr)
k`d) mhvhi stktus) idb`tj ne sdrvhmd kbl pnshthnb>
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
7/184
vhh
JX_N\JD]H]1
\jdrd hs bn sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmd fdtwddb tjd kssdsscdbt
ehblhb`s ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd hb tdrcs ne Ekmhihtkthnb)
Burturkbmd kbl Tbmnblhthnbki Kmmdptkbmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn
@dbldr) K`d) Mhvhi ]tktus) Idb`tj ne ]drvhmd kbl _nshthnb"
EHBLHB@]1
;" \jd ldcn`rkpjhm prnehid ne tjd bursd#rdspnbldbts
;"; @dbldr
Ks tn `dbldr ne tjd rdspnbldbts) nbiy =6 pdrmdbt krd ckid
rdspnbldbts) wjhid 5: pdrmdbt krd edckid bursds" Ht sjnws tjkt edckids
nutbucfdrdl tjd ckids hb tjd ehdil ne burshb`"
;"6 K`d
Ks ekr ks k`d hs mnbmdrbdl) ckanrhty ne tjdc nr =8 pdrmdbt) krd
ynub` kbl fdinb` tn tjd idss tjkb 64 ydkrs nil k`d `rnup) wjhid vdry
edw nr ;#6 pdrmdbt) fdinb` tn cnrd tjd tjkb
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
8/184
vhhh
;"< Idb`tj ne ]drvhmd
Ks tn idb`tj ne sdrvhmd) ckanrhty ne tjd rdspnbldbts nr
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
9/184
hx
fd Cnldrktdiy _rkmthmdl whtj rd`krl tn tjd kvkhikfhihty ne mihbhmki bursd
spdmhkihsts hb dvdry krdk ne prkmthmd"
6"= Burturkbmd
\jd ckanrhty ne tjd bursds ernc tjd `rnup ne bursd#supdrvhsnrs
kbl jdkl bursds kssdssdl prkmthmd ne Burturkbmd nb bursds ks Jh`jiy
_rkmthmdl hb tjhs jnsphtki) wjhid bursds hb tjd stkee bursd pnshthnb
kssdssdl burturkbmd ks Cnldrktdiy _rkmthmdl"
Htdc bucfdr 4 tdiis us tjkt kii bursds rktdl ht ks Jh`jiy _rkmthmdl
rd`krlhb` mjhde bursds kvkhikfhihty kbl fdhb` mncpksshnbktd tn bursds
wjdb bddldl" Jnwdvdr) Htdcs ;)6)=)
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
10/184
x
bursds jkvd mnccnb kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s mnbmdrbhb` Tbmnblhthnbki
Kmmdptkbmd hb tjhs jnsphtki"
=" Hs tjdrd k sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmd fdtwddb tjd kssdsscdbt
ehblhb`s ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd hb tdrcs ne ekmhihtkthnb)
burturkbmd kbl ubmnblhthnbki kmmdptkbmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb`
tn prnehid vkrhkfids1
="; @dbldr
\jd mrhthmki E vkiud ne ="8
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
11/184
xh
Jypntjdshs tjkt tjdrd krd bn sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmds hb tjd kssdsscdbt
ehblhb`s ne bursd rdspnbldbts wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn k`d wks tjus
bnt rdadmtdl" Hblddl) tjdrd krd bn lheedrdbmds hb tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s
ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn k`d" \jd
ynub` kbl nildr bursds hiiustrktd k mnccnb kssdsscdbt ehblhb` ne tjdhr
prnedsshnbki prkmthmd"
="= Mhvhi ]tktus
\jd mrhthmki E vkiud ne ="?88 kt ehvd pdrmdbt idvdi ne sh`bhehmkbmd hs
kfnvd tjd E#mncputdl vkiud ne Ekmhihtkthnb wjhmj hs 6"460) Burturkbmd
wks kt ?"88< kbl Tbmnblhthnbki Kmmdptkbmd kt ?"0?4" \jd Buii
Jypntjdshs tjkt tjdrd krd bn sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmds hb tjd kssdsscdbt
ehblhb`s ne bursd#rdspnbldbts wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn mhvhi stktus
wks tjdrdenrd bnt rdadmtdl" \jdrd krd bn lheedrdbmds hb tjd kssdsscdbt
ehblhb`s ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn m hvhi
stktus" \jd ckrrhdl) shb`id) kbl sdpkrktdl bursds sjnw k `dbdrki
kssdsscdbt ehblhb` hb tjdhr prnedsshnbki prkmthmd"
="< Idb`tj ne sdrvhmd
\jd mrhthmki E vkiud ne ="?88 kt ehvd pdrmdbt idvdi ne sh`bhehmkbmd hs
kfnvd tjd E#mncputdl vkiud ne Ekmhihtkthnb wjhmj hs ;"66;1 Burturkbmd
wks kt ?"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
12/184
xhh
ehblhb`s ne bursd rdspnbldbts wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn idb`tj ne
sdrvhmd wks tjus bnt rdadmtdl" \jdrd krd bn lheedrdbmds hb tjd
kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s ne bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd wjdb `rnupdl
kmmnrlhb` tn idb`tj ne dxpdrhdbmd" Kii bursds jkvd sjnwb bn vkrhkbmd ne
kssdsscdbt ehblhb` hb rdikthnb tn tjdhr prnedsshnbki prkmthmd"
="4 _nshthnb
\jd mrhthmki E vkiud ne ="?88 kt ehvd pdrmdbt idvdi ne sh`bhehmkbmd hs
fdinw tjd E mncputdl vkiud ne ekmhihtkthnb wjhmj hs 5"5587 Burturkbmd
wks kt 4":50 kbl Tbmnblhthnbki Kmmdptkbmd wjhmj hs
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
13/184
xhhh
MNBMIT]HNB]
;" Ckanrhty ne tjd bursd#rdspnbldbts fdinb`dl tn tjd idvdi ne stkee bursd
# :="0? pdrmdbt ne tjd rdspnbldbt pnpuikthnb" Pjhid jdkl bursds nbiy
mnbsthtutdl 8"0: pdrmdbt ne tjd pnpuikthnb7 tjd inwdst pdrmdbt kt 5"46
fdinb`dl tn bursd#supdrvhsnrs" Lktk kisn sjnwdl tjkt cnst ne tjd
bursds krd edckids kbl k edw ne tjdc wdrd ckids7 ckanrhty ne tjdc
krd hb tjd stkee bursd idvdi" Hb tdrcs ne bursds k`d) ht wks bnthmdl tjkt
ht wks k pnpuikthnb lnchbktdl fy ynub` bursds" Ht hs k ekmt tjkt cnst
ne tjdc fdinb` tn tjd k`d `rnup ne 6; tn 64 ydkrs" \jdrd sddcs tn fd
k edwdr bucfdr ne nildr bursds) kbl k ckanrhty ne tjd bursds krd
shb`id" Hb tdrcs ne tjdhr dxpdrhdbmd) ckanrhty ne tjd bursds wjn krd
jdkl bursds kbl stkee bursds jkvd fddb wnrghb` enr idss tjkb 4
ydkrs" Nbiy vdry edw ne tjdc jkvd 5 tn ;? ydkrs ne wnrg dxpdrhdbmd)
fdinb`hb`) ne tn tjd pnshthnb ne bursd supdrvhsnrs"
6" Hb kssdsshb` bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd kinb` tjd tjrdd didcdbts n e
prkmthmd) bkcdiy1 Ekmhihtkthnb7 Burturkbmd7 kbl Tbmnblhthnbki
Kmmdptkbmd) tjd jh`jdst ld`rdd ne kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s wks hb tjd
prkmthmd ne Tbmnblhthnbki Kmmdptkbmd) wjhid tjd idkst wks hb
Burturkbmd" \jd bursd rdspnbldbts jkvd `hvdb k ekvnrkfid rdspnbsd)
nftkhbhb` Cnldrktdiy _rkmthmd hb rdikthnb tn tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s
hb tjdhr prnedsshnbki prkmthmd"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
14/184
xhv
=" \jdrd krd bn sh`bhehmkbt lheedrdbmds hb tjd kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s ne
bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn `dbldr) k`d)
mhvhi stktus) kbl idb`tj ne sdrvhmd" Kii bursds jkvd ldcnbstrktdl
mnccnb kssdsscdbts hbsnekr ks tjd didcdbts ne prkmthmd hb tjdhr
prnedsshnb" Jnwdvdr) wjdb `rnupdl kmmnrlhb` tn pnshthnb) bursds
ekmdl vkrhdl kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s ne tjdhr prnedsshnbki prkmthmd wjhmj
sh`bhehds tjkt tjdrd krd lheedrdbmds hb kssdsscdbt ehblhb`s"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
15/184
xv
wjhmj hs mnbshldrdl ne `nnl qukihty" Jnwdvdr) tjd ehblhb`s ne tjhs
stuly cky su``dst wkys nb rdhbenrmhb` kbl dbjkbmhb` tjd dxhsthb`
prkmthmd hb tjhs jnsphtki" ]pdmhehmkiiy hb tdrcs ne Ekmhihtkthnb kbl
Burturkbmd ne stkee bursds) bursds edit tjkt tjdy wdrd idss burturdl fy
tjd cnldrktd prkmthmd ne `hvhb` rdmn`bhthnb kbl kmgbnwidl`hb` stkee
bursds pdrenrckbmd fy tjd klchbhstrkthnb" Jdbmd) k prnpnsdl kmthnb
pikb erkcdwnrg hb bursds prnedsshnbki prkmthmd fksdl nb tjd rdsuits
ne tjd stuly mkb fd sddb hb tjd ikst pkrt ne Mjkptdr
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
16/184
xvh
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
17/184
xvhh
M( Enr ]tkee Bursds
;" ]tkee bursds sjnuil ckhbtkhb rkppnrt whtj ckbk`drs) supdrvhsnrs)
kbl jdkl bursds hb mrdkthb` k pnshthvd wnrghb` rdikthnbsjhp"
6" Mnbthbud wnrghb` whtj ntjdr cdcfdrs ne tjd jdkitj tdkc wjn krd
pkrt ne tjd pikbbhb` kbl hcpidcdbtkthnb ne burshb` pnihmhds enr tjd
fdbdeht ne pkthdbts7 kbl
=" Kttdbl sdchbkrs kbl hb#jnusd trkhbhb`s ks sdie dbjkbmdcdbt ne
prkmthmd) sghiis) kbl gbnwidl`d hb prnedsshnbki prkmthmd"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
18/184
xvhhh
\KFID NE MNB\DB\]
_K@D
\H\ID _K@D h
K__VNUKI ]JDD\ hh
KMGBNPIDL@DCDB\ hhh
KF]\VKM\ v
\KFID NE MNB\DB\] xvhhh
IH]\ NE K__DBLHMD] xx
IH]\ NE \KFID] xxh
IH]\ NE EH@TVD] xxhhh
MJK_\DV
; \JD _VNFIDC KBL H\] ]D\\HB@
Hbtrnlumthnb ;
\jdnrdthmki.Mnbmdptuki Erkcdwnrg 5
]tktdcdbt ne tjd _rnfidc ;6
Jypntjdshs ;=
]mnpd kbl Ihchtkthnb ;=
]h`bhehmkbmd ne tjd ]tuly ;]trumturds kblprkmthmds tjkt prncntd ht"" Vdtrhdvdl Edfrukry ;0) 6?;6 erncjttp1..www"mmnbihbd"nr`
Gnj)] *6??:( Idkldrsjhp \rkhbhb` _rn` rkc Ldckbls n e e h rst#i hbdbursd ckbk`drs hb ubhvdrs h ty jnsp h tkis" Anurbki Hssud6??: Akb# Edf7=0*;(1;?0#;4" ]kcXnng Tbhvdrshty) Gnrdk
Ikrsnb) A *6?;6(" E idxhfid ]mjdlui hb` Fnnsts Bur sd Cnrkid) Vdtdbthnb"
Vdtrhdvdl Edfrurky 6?) 6?;6 kvkhikfid ernc www"BTV]DQNBD "mnc
Ikmdy ]V) \dksidy ]I) Jdbhnb A]) Mnx G]) Fnburk K) Frnwb
A"*6??:(Dbjkbmhb` tjd wnrg dbvhrnbcdbt ne stkee bursdsushb` tkr`dtdl hbtdrvdbthnbs ne suppnrt"Mjhilrdb's CdrmyJnsphtkis kbl Mihbhms) Gkbsks Mhty) CN 5
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
154/184
mihv
Cm@nilrhmg) C" *Dl"( *;88:(" Vd#vhs hnbhb` ekch iy tjdrkpy1 Vkmd)muiturd) kbl `dbldr hb tjd mihbhmki prkmthmd" Bdw Xnrg1@uhienrl _rdss"
Curpjy) J"K") Jhildfrkblt) J"P") kbl \jncks) A"_" *6??0( DeedmthvdFus hbdss Mnccubhmkt hnbs"0tj dl" Cm@rkw#Jhii.Hrwhb"*Vdtrhdvdl Erdfrukry 6
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
155/184
miv
Vdksnb) A *6??0(" Ckghb` tjd Vhsgs ne Nr`kbhzkt hnbki Km mhldbts"ldrsjnt) Db`ikbl1 Ksj`ktd _ufihsjhb`7 6??0"Db`ikbl
Vdhihb`)A) Ju`jds)@ kbl Curpjy) C *6??0(\jd Hcpkmt ne EkmhihtyLdsh`b nb _kthdbt ]kedty" Vdtrhdvdl Edfrukry ;
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
156/184
mivh
]mjckidbfdr`) Mikulhk kbl Grkcdr) Ckridbd *6??8( Bursd Ckbk`dr]uppn rt 1 Jnw Ln ]tkee Bursds Lde hbd Ht> Kcdrhmkb
Kssnmhkthnb ne Mrhthmki#Mkrd Bursds _ufihsjdl nbihbdjttp1..www"mmnbihbd"nr`
]mjuitz *6??5( CVC \JDNVX" Vdtrhdvdl Bnvdcfdr 64) 6?;;kvkhikfidkt jttp1..www"crcburshb`tjdnry"nr`.hbldx"jtci
]nrrdbthbn DK) Bkiih F) ]mjrhdsjdhc M" *6??0(" \jd De edmt ne Jdkl
Bursd Fdjkvhnrs nb Bursd Anf ]kthsekmthnb kbl _drenrckbmd"
Vdtrhdvdl Edf 6?) 6?;6 ernc www"\jd deedmt ne jdkl bursd fdjkvhnrs nb
bursd anf skthsekmthnb kbl pdrenrckbmd""jtc-
\kb) A *6??:(" Ehihphbns Idkvhb` tjd _jhihpphbds Krthmid Burshb`Mrhf" Vdtrdhdvl Ckrmj 6?) 6?;6 erncjttp1..burshb`mrhf"mnc.bdws# fin`.ehihphbn#bursds#krd#idkvhb`#tjd#pjhihpphbds#hb#sdkrmj#ne# fdttdr#pky#nppnrtubhthds#wnrghb`#mnblhthnbs#kbl#rdspdmt.
\dzkg F) Mjkb K" Burtur hb` tjd sddls n e idkrbhb`1 k prn edsshnbkildvdinpcdbt hbh t hkthvd enr jns ph tki #fksdl bursd
dlumktnrs" ftdzkgOrn`drs"mnc" Vdtrhdvdl Edfrurkry 60) 6?;6ernc www"burshb`mdbtdr"mnc.ihfrkry.AnurbkiKrthmid"ksp>Krthmid
\kubtnb VI) Fnyid LG) Pnnls M[) JkbsdbJD) Fntt CA"*6??0(" Vnid nek mjhde bursd"Ckbk`dr idkldrsjhp kbl rdtdbthnb ne jnsphtkistkee bursds" Pdst A Burs Vds"6??07;8*6(16?4#665"
\rkhbhb` _rn`rkc " \jd \rkhbhb` Lhvhshnb ne tjd Burshb` Ldpkrtcdbt netjd Iub` Mdbtdr ne tjd _jhihpphbds" Vdtrhdvdl ]dptdcfdr;
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
157/184
mivhh
Tirhmj V) [ukb Z) kbl Qhcrhb` M *6??4( \jd Vnid ne tjd pjys hmkidbvhrnbc dbt hb tjd jnsp h tki ne tjd 6;st mdbtury"Vdtrhdvdl Edfrukry 6?) 6?;6 kvkhikfid erncwww"jdkitjldsh`b"nr`.rdsdkrmj.rdpnrts .pjyshmki^dbvhrnb"pjp
Ukjdy)L) Khgdb)I *6??
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
158/184
mivhhh
_krt ;1 Fkmg`rnubl _rnehid *_idksd mjdmg kpprnprhktd rdspnbsd(
Bkcd1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*N_\HNBKI(_nshthnb1 ^^^Bursd ]updrvhsnr *B](
^^^Jdkl Bursd *JB(^^^]tkee Bursd *]B(
;" @dbldr1 ^^^Ckid^^^Edckid
6" K`d1 ^^^6; tn 64 ydkrs nil
^^^65 tn =? ydkrs nil^^^=; tn =4 ydkrs nil^^^=5 tn
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
159/184
mihx
wjhmj ynu k`rdd tjkt tjd eniinwhb` mnblhthnbs krd prdsdbt hb ynur murrdbt
anf" Hblhmktd ynur prkmthmd fy mjdmghb` * . ( tjd kpprnprhktd bucfdr"
4 Udry Jh`jiy _rkmthmdl
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
160/184
mix
;" @hvhb` rdmn`bhthnb enr dvdry bursds kmmncpihsjcdbts)
d"`" *pkt nb tjd fkmg nr `hvhb` rdckrgs sumj ks vdry`nnl nr anf wdii lnbd+(
6" \jd mnbtrhfuthnbs ne tjd bursds tn tjd hbsthtuthnb krdfdhb` rdmn`bhzdl"
=" _nshthvhsc ne tjd bursds hs mnbstkbtiy dbmnurk`dl"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
161/184
mixh
]tuly \htid1 K]]D]]CDB\ NE \JD BTV]D] _VNED]]HNBKI _VKM\HMD1
K FK]H] ENV KB KM\HNB _IKB EVKCDPNVG ENV \JD BTV]HB@]DVUHMD"
Ldkr Vdspnbldbt)
H kc hbvhthb` ynu pkrthmhpktd hb k rdsdkrmj prnadmt tn stuly Kssdsscdbt neBursds _rnedsshnbki _rkmthmd" Kinb` whtj tjhs idttdr hs k sjnrt qudsthnbbkhrdtjkt ksgs k vkrhdty ne qudsthnbs kfnut ynur pdrsnbki prnehid) ynur prnedsshnbkiprkmthmd hb tdrcs ne ekmhihtkthnb) burturkbmd kbl ubmnblhthnbki kmmdptkbmd" H kcksghb` ynu tn inng nvdr tjd qudsthnbbkhrd kbl) he ynu mjnnsd tn ln sn) mncpidtdht kbl sdbl ht fkmg tn cd" Ht sjnuil tkgd ynu kfnut 4 chbutds tn mncpidtd" \jdrdsuits ne tjhs prnadmt whii fd kb kbkiyshs kbl ubldrstkblhb` ne tjd kssdsscdbt
ne bursds prkmthmd tjkt whii fd tjd fkshs enr kb kmthnb pikb erkcdwnrg enr tjdburshb` sdrvhmd"
H ln bnt gbnw ne kby rhsgs tn ynu he ynu ldmhld tn pkrthmhpktd hb tjhs survdy kbl H`ukrkbtdd tjkt ynur rdspnbsds whii bnt fd hldbthehdl whtj ynu pdrsnbkiiy" Hprnchsd bnt tn sjkrd kby hbenrckthnb tjkt hldbthehds ynu whtj kbynbd nutshld cyrdsdkrmj `rnup wjhmj mnbshsts ne cd nbiy" Xnu sjnuil bnt put ynur bkcd nbtjd qudsthnbbkhrd" He ynu ln bnt eddi mncenrtkfid jkblhb` hb ynur survdy tn cd)ynu cky kisn lrnp ht nee kt burshb` neehmdS
H jnpd ynu whii tkgd tjd thcd tn mncpidtd tjhs qudsthnbbkhrd kbl rdturb ht" Xnurpkrthmhpkthnb hs vniubtkry kbl tjdrd hs bn pdbkity he ynu ln bnt pkrthmhpktd"
He ynu jkvd kby qudsthnbs nr mnbmdrbs kfnut mncpidthb` tjd qudsthnbbkhrd nrkfnut fdhb` hb tjhs stuly) ynu cky mnbtkmt cd kt ?8;86040
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
162/184
mixhh
K__DBLHZ # LID\\DV NE K__VNUKI NE INMKID \N MNBLTM\ \JD ]\TLX
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
163/184
mixhhh
K__DBLHZ # DID\\DV ENV K__VNUKI ENV _HIN\ \D]\
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
164/184
mixhv
K__DBLHZ # EID\\DV NE VD[TD]\ ENV \JD DUKITK\NV K
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
165/184
mixv
ID\\DV NE VD[TD]\ ENV \JD DUKITK\NV F
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
166/184
mixvh
ID\\DV ENV \JD DUKITK\NV M
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
167/184
mixvhh
K__DBLHZ @
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
168/184
mixvhhh
_HM\TVD HCK@D NE INMKID NE \JD ]\TLX *JN]_H\KI K(
K__DBLHZ J_JHIH__HBD BTV]HB@ KM\ NE ;88;
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
169/184
mixhx
Vdpufihm ne tjd _jhihpphbds
Mnb`rdss ne tjd _jhihpphbdsCdtrn Ckbhik
Dh`jtj Mnb`rdss
Vdpufihm Kmt Bn" 0;5< Bnvdcfdr 6;) ;88;
KB KM\ VD@TIK\HB@ \JD _VKM\HMD NE BTV]HB@ HB \JD _JHIH__HBD]
Fd ht dbkmtdl fy tjd ]dbktd kbl Jnusd ne Vdprdsdbtkthvds ne tjd _jhihpphbds hb Mnb`rdss
kssdcfidl11
KV\HMID H\H\ID
]dmthnb ;" \htid"\jhs Kmt sjkii fd gbnwb ks tjd &_jhihpphbd Burshb` Kmt ne ;88;"&
KV\HMID HH
LDMIKVK\HNB NE _NIHMX
]dmthnb 6" Ldmikrkthnb ne _nih my"Ht hs jdrdfy ldmikrdl tjd pnihmy ne tjd ]tktd tn kssucd
rdspnbshfhihty enr tjd prntdmthnb kbl hcprnvdcdbt ne tjd burshb` prnedsshnb fy hbsthtuthb`
cdksurds tjkt whii rdsuit hb rdidvkbt burshb` dlumkthnb) kbl hb juckbd wnrghb` mnblhthnbs) fdttdr
mkrddr prnspdmts kbl k lh`bhehdl dxhstdbmd enr nur bursds"
\jd ]tktd jdrdfy `ukrkbtdd tjd ldihvdry ne fkshm jdkitj sdrvhmds tjrnu`j kb kldquktd burshb`
pdrsnbbdi tjrnu`jnut tjd mnubtry"
KV\HMID HHH
NV@KBHQK\HNB NE \JD FNKVL NE BTV]HB@
]dmthnb =" Bkcd kbl Mncpnshth nb ne tjd Fnkrl" \jdrd sjkii fd mrdktdl k Fnkrl ne Burshb` tn
fd mncpnsdl ne k Mjkhrckb kbl enur *
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
170/184
mixx
rkthb` ne dkmj dxkchbdd tn tjd Neehmd ne tjd _rdshldbt enr rdidksd kbl
pufihmkthnb7
*m( Hssud) suspdbl) nr rdvngd mdrthehmktds ne rd`hstrkthnb enr tjd prkmthmd ne
burshb`7
*l( ]tuly tjd mnblhthnb keedmthb` tjd burshb` prkmthmd hb tjd _jhihpphbds kbl
dxdrmhsd tjd pnwdrs bdmdsskry tn dbsurd tjd ckhbtdbkbmd ne deehmhdbt) dtjhmki)
tdmjbhmki) cnrki kbl prnedsshnbki stkblkrls hb tjd prkmthmd ne burshb`) tkghb`
hbtn kmmnubt tjd jdkitj bddls ne tjd bkthnb7
*d( Dxkchbd tjd prdsmrhfdl ekmhihthds ne ubhvdrshthds nr mniid`ds sddghb`
pdrchsshnb tn npdb mniid`ds ne burshb` nr ldpkrtcdbts ne burshb` dlumkthnb hb
nrldr tn dbsurd tjkt stkblkrls kbl dssdbthki rdquhrdcdbts enr k qukihehdl ldkb
kbl ekmuity kbl kldquktd ful`dt krd prnpdrty mncpihdl whtj kbl ckhbtkhbdl kt
kii thcds" \jd kutjnrhzkthnb tn npdb mniid`ds ne burshb` sjkii fd fksdl upnb
tjd ekvnrkfid wrhttdb rdmnccdblkthnb ne fntj tjd Fnkrl kbl tjd Ldpkrtcdbt
ne Dlumkthnb) Muiturd kbl ]pnrts7
*e( Vdquhrd bursds wjn `rkluktd ernc stktd mniid`ds kbl ubhvdrshthds tn rdbldr)
ketdr fdhb` hssudl tjd bdmdsskry fnkrl ihmdbsds) kt idkst nbd *;( ydkr ne burshb`
sdrvhmd hb tjd _jhihpphbds fdenrd tjdy krd kiinwdl tn idkvd enr nvdrsdks anfs7
*`( Hbvdsth`ktd vhnikthnbs ne tjhs Kmt" Enr tjhs purpnsd ht cky tjrnu`j hts
Mjkhrckb) whtj tjd kpprnvki ne tjd Fnkrl) hssud succnbs) sufpndbk nr
sufpndbk lumds tdmuc tn vhniktnrs ne tjhs Kmt kbl whtbdssds tjdrdne kbl tn
mncpdi tjdhr kttdblkbmd fy tjd pnwdr ne mnbtdcpt7 kbl
*j( _rncui`ktd ldmhshnbs nr klnpt cdksurds ks cky fd bdmdsskry enr tjd
hcprnvdcdbt ne tjd burshb` prkmthmd) enr tjd klvkbmdcdbt ne tjd prnedsshnb)
kbl enr tjd prnpdr kbl euii dbenrmdcdbt ne tjhs Kmt"
]dmthnb 4" [ukih eh mkthnbs ne Fnkrl C dcfdrs"K cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl sjkii1
*k( Fd k mhthzdb kbl rdshldbt ne tjd _jhihpphbds7
*f( Fd k cdcfdr hb `nnl stkblhb` ne tjd kmmrdlhtdl bkthnbki bursds
kssnmhkthnb7
*m( Fd k rd`hstdrdl bursd kbl jnildr ne k ckstdrs ld`rdd hb burshb` mnbedrrdl
fy k mniid`d nr ubhvdrshty luiy rdmn`bhzdl fy tjd @nvdrbcdbt7
*l( Jkvd kt idkst tdb *;?( ydkrs ne mnbthbunus prkmthmd ne tjd prnedsshnb prhnr
tn kppnhbtcdbt7
*d( Bnt fd k jnildr ne k `rddb mkrl nr hts dquhvkidbt7 kbl
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
171/184
mixxh
*e( Bnt jkvd fddb mnbvhmtdl ne kby needbsd hbvnivhb` cnrki turphtuld dvdb he
prdvhnusiy dxtdbldl pkrlnb fy tjd _rdshldbt ne tjd _jhihpphbds"
]dmthnb 5" Vdquhrdcdbts Tpnb [ukih eh mkthnb ks Cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl ne Burshb`"Kby
pdrsnb wjn qukihehds ks Mjkhrckb nr cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl sjkii kutnckthmkiiy rdsh`b ernc kby
tdkmjhb` pnshthnb hb kby smjnni) mniid`d nr ubhvdrshty kbl.nr rdvhdw prn`rkc enr tjd inmki
burshb` fnkrl dxkchbkthnbs nr hb kby neehmd nr dcpinycdbt hb tjd @nvdrbcdbt nr kby
suflhvhshnb) k`dbmy nr hbstrucdbtkihty tjdrdne) hbmiulhb` `nvdrbcdbt#nwbdl nr mnbtrniidl
mnrpnrkthnbs nr tjdhr sufshlhkrhds" Jd sjkii bnt jkvd kby pdmubhkry hbtdrdst hb nr klchbhstrkthvd
supdrvhshnb nvdr kby hbsthtuthnb needrhb` fkshm burshb` dlumkthnb prn`rkcs) hbmiulhb` rdvhdw
mikssds"
]dmthnb 0" \drc ne Neeh md"\jd Mjkhrckb kbl tjd cdcfdrs ne tjd Fnkrl sjkii jnil neehmd enr k
tdrc ne tjrdd *=( ydkrs kbl ubthi tjdhr summdssnrs sjkii jkvd qukihehdl1 _rnvhldl) \jkt k cdcfdr
ne tjd Fnkrl cky fd rdkppnhbtdl enr kbntjdr tdrc bnt dxmddlhb` tjrdd *=( ydkrs1 _rnvhldl)eurtjdr) \jkt) hb tjd dvdbt tjkt nbiy nbd *;( cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl hs rdkppnhbtdl) jd nr sjd) fy
vhrtud ne sdbhnrhty) sjkii kutnckthmkiiy fdmncd tjd Mjkhrckb ne tjd bdw Fnkrl" Jnwdvdr) hb
mksd twn *6( nr cnrd cdcfdrs krd rdkppnhbtdl) tjd fdst qukihehdl kcnb` tjdc) tn fd ldtdrchbdl
fy kii tjd cdcfdrs ne tjd bdw Fnkrl) sjkii fdmncd tjd bdw Mjkhrckb ne tjd Fnkrl1 _rnvhldl)
ehbkiiy) \jkt) hb mksd kii cdcfdrs ne tjd nil Fnkrl krd rdkppnhbtdl nr kii cdcfdrs krd bdw) kii
tjd cdcfdrs ne tjd bdw Fnkrl sjkii ldtdrchbd tjd fdst qukihehdl ernc kcnb` tjdcsdivds wjn
sjkii fd rdmnccdbldl tn tjd _rdshldbt ne tjd _jhihpphbds tn fd tjd Mjkhrckb ne tjd Fnkrl"
Kby vkmkbmy hb tjd Fnkrl nmmurrhb` whtjhb tjd tdrc ne k cdcfdr sjkii fd ehiidl enr tjd
ubdxphrdl pnrthnb ne tjd tdrc nbiy" Dkmj cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl sjkii tkgd tjd prnpdr nktj ne
neehmd prhnr tn tjd pdrenrckbmd ne jhs nr jdr luthds"
]dmthnb :" Mncpdbskthnb ne Fnkrl Cdcfdrs"\jd Mjkhrckb kbl cdcfdrs ne tjd Fnkrl sjkii
rdmdhvd ks mncpdbskthnb kb kcnubt dquki tn tjkt `hvdb tjd Mjkhrckb kbl cdcfdrs ne ntjdr
`nvdrbcdbt fnkrls shtuktdl ubldr kbkin`nus mhrmucstkbmds"
]dmthnb 8" Vdcnvki ne Fnkrl Cdcfdrs"\jd _rdshldbt cky rdcnvd kby cdcfdr ne tjd Fnkrl
nb tjd eniinwhb` `rnubls ketdr `hvhb` tjd cdcfdr mnbmdrbdl kb nppnrtubhty tn ldedbl jhcsdie nr
jdrsdie hb k prnpdr klchbhstrkthvd hbvdsth`kthnb tn fd mnblumtdl ubldr tjd supdrvhshnb kbl
mnbtrni ne tjd Ldpkrtcdbt ne Austhmd) upnb hbstrumthnb ne tjd _rdshldbt1
*k( Mnbthbudl bd`idmt ne luty nr hbmncpdtdbmd7
*f( Mncchsshnb nr tnidrkthnb ne hrrd`uikrhthds hb tjd dxkchbkthnb mnblumtdl fy
tjd Fnkrl7 kbl
*m( Tbprnedsshnbki nr lhsjnbnrkfid mnblumt"
]dmthnb ;?" Vuids kbl Vd uikthnbs"\jd Fnkrl sjkii prncui`ktd sumj ruids kbl rd`uikthnbs ks
cky fd bdmdsskry tn mkrry nut tjd prnvhshnbs ne tjhs Kmt"
]dmthnb ;;" Vdmnrls"Kii rdmnrls ne tjd Fnkrl ne Burshb`) hbmiulhb` dxkchbkthnb pkpdrs)
chbutds ne ldihfdrkthnbs) rdmnrls ne klchbhstrkthvd mksds kbl hbvdsth`kthnbs) kbl dxkchbkthnb
rdsuits sjkii fd gdpt fy tjd _rnedsshnbki Vd`uikthnb Mncchsshnb ubldr tjd lhrdmt mustnly ne tjd
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
172/184
mixxhh
pdrsnb ldsh`bktdl fy tjd Mjkhrckb ne tjd Mncchsshnb" Bn rdmnrl sjkii fd rdcnvdl) kitdrdl nr
dxkchbdl whtjnut tjd prhnr kutjnrhzkthnb ne tjd Fnkrl"
]dmthnb ;6" Dxkchbkthnb Vdquhr dl"Kii kppihmkbts enr ihmdbsd tn prkmthmd burshb` sjkii fd
rdquhrdl tn pkss wrhttdb dxkchbkthnb fy tjd Fnkrl ne Burshb`"
]dmthnb ;=" [ukih eh mkthnbs ne Kppihmkbts"Hb nrldr tn fd klchttdl tn tjd dxkchbkthnb enr
bursds) kb kppihmkbt cust) kt tjd thcd ne ehihb` jhs nr jdr kppihmkthnb) dstkfihsj tn tjd skthsekmthnb
ne tjd Fnkrl ne Burshb` tjkt1
*k( Jd nr sjd hs k mhthzdb ne tjd _jhihpphbds) nr k mhthzdb nr sufadmt ne k mnubtry
wjhmj pdrchts Ehihphbn bursds tn prkmthmd whtjhb hts tdrrhtnrhki ihchts nb tjd
skcd fkshs ks tjd sufadmt nr mhthzdb ne sumj mnubtry1 _rnvhldl) \jkt tjd
rdquhrdcdbts enr tjd rd`hstrkthnb nr ihmdbshb` ne bursds hb skhl mnubtry krd
sufstkbthkiiy tjd skcd ks tjnsd prdsmrhfdl hb tjhs Kmt7
*f( Jd nr sjd hs kt idkst dh`jtddb *;:( ydkrs ne k`d1 _rnvhldl) \jkt kby
ubldrk`d kppihmkbt wjn summdsseuiiy pkssds tjd dxkchbkthnb sjkii bnt fd
pdrchttdl nr ihmdbsdl tn prkmthmd burshb` ubthi jd nr sjd sjkii jkvd rdkmjdl tjd
k`d ne ckanrhty7
*m( Jd nr sjd hs hb `nnl jdkitj kbl hs ne `nnl cnrki mjkrkmtdr7 kbl
*l( Jd nr sjd hs k jnildr ne fkmjdinrs ld`rdd hb burshb` ernc k mniid`d nr
ubhvdrshty luiy rdmn`bhzdl fy tjd prnpdr `nvdrbcdbt k`dbmy"
]dmthnb ;
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
173/184
mixxhhh
ubidss jd prnvds tn tjd skthsekmthnb ne tjd Fnkrl tjkt jd.sjd jks ubldr`nbd k rderdsjdr mnursd
mnbshsthb` hb dbrniicdbt kbl pksshb` hb tjd rd`uikr enurtj ydkr sufadmts hb k rdmn`bhzdl burshb`smjnni"
]dmthnb ;0" H ssukbmd ne Mdrth e hmktds"K mdrthehmktd ne rd`hstrkthnb ks bursd sjkii fd hssudl tn
kby kppihmkbt wjn pkssds tjd dxkchbkthnb upnb pkycdbt ne tjd prdsmrhfdl edds" Dvdry mdrthehmktd
ne rd`hstrkthnb sjkii sjnw tjd euii bkcd ne tjd rd`hstrkbt) tjd sdrhki bucfdr) tjd sh`bkturd ne tjd
cdcfdrs ne tjd Fnkrl) kbl tjd neehmhki sdki ne tjd Fnkrl"
]dmthnb ;:" Edds ne Dxkchbkthnb kbl Vd`hstrkthnb"Kppihmkbts enr ihmdbsurd dxkchbkthnb kbl
enr rd`hstrkthnb sjkii pky tjd prdsmrhfdl edds sdt fy tjd _rnedsshnbki Vd`uikthnb Mncchsshnb"
]dmthnb ;8" Vd`hstrkth nb fy Vdmhprnmhty"Mdrthehmktds ne rd`hstrkthnb cky fd hssudl whtjnut
dxkchbkthnb tn bursds rd`hstdrdl ubldr tjd ikws ne kby enrdh`b stktd nr mnubtry1 _rnvhldl) \jkt
tjd rdquhrdcdbts enr tjd rd`hstrkthnb nr ihmdbshb` ne bursds hb skhl mnubtry krd sufstkbthkiiy tjd
skcd ks tjnsd prdsmrhfdl ubldr tjhs Kmt1 _rnvhldl) eurtjdr) \jkt tjd ikws ne sumj stktd nr mnubtry
`rkbt tjd skcd prhvhid`ds tn rd`hstdrdl bursds ne tjd _jhihpphbds nb tjd skcd fkshs ks tjd sufadmts
nr mhthzdbs ne sumj enrdh`b stktd nr mnubtry"
]dmthnb 6?" Bnb#hssukbmd ne Mdrth e hmktds hb Mdrtkhb Mksds"Bn pdrsnb mnbvhmtdl fy ehbki
aul`cdbt ne kby mrhchbki needbsd hbvnivhb` cnrki turphtuld nr kby pdrsnb `uhity ne hccnrki nr
lhsjnbnrkfid mnblumt sjkii fd hssudl k mdrthehmktd ne rd`hstrkthnb"
\jd Fnkrl sjkii eurbhsj tjd kppihmkbt k wrhttdb stktdcdbt sdtthb` enrtj tjd rdksnbs enr hts kmthnb
wjhmj sjkii fd hbmnrpnrktdl hb tjd rdmnrls ne tjd Fnkrl"
]dmthnb 6;" Vdvnmkthnb kbl ]uspdbshnb ne Mdrth eh mktds"\jd Fnkrl sjkii jkvd tjd pnwdr tnrdvngd nr suspdbl tjd mdrthehmktd ne rd`hstrkthnb ne k bursd upnb kby ne tjd eniinwhb` `rnubls1
*k( Enr kby ne tjd mkusds cdbthnbdl hb tjd prdmdlhb` sdmthnb
*f( Enr ubprnedsshnbki kbl ubdtjhmki mnblumt7
*m( Enr `rnss hbmncpdtdbmd kbl sdrhnus h`bnrkbmd7
*l( Enr ckiprkmthmd nr bd`ih`dbmd hb tjd prkmthmd ne burshb`7 kbl
*d( Enr tjd usd ne erkul) ldmdht) nr ekisd stktdcdbts hb nftkhbhb` k mdrthehmktd ne
rd`hstrkthnb"
]dmthnb 66" Vdhssukbmd ne Vdvngdl Mdrthe hmktds kbl Vdpikmdcdbt ne Inst Mdrth e hmktds"\jd
Fnkrl cky) enr rdksnbs ne dquhty kbl austhmd nr wjdb tjd mkusd enr rdvnmkthnb jks lhskppdkrdl nr
jks fddb murdl kbl mnrrdmtdl) upnb prnpdr kppihmkthnb tjdrdenr kbl tjd pkycdbt ne tjd rdquhrdl
edds) hssud kbntjdr mnpy ne tjd mdrthehmktd ne rd`hstrkthnb"
KV\HMID HU
BTV]HB@ DLTMK\HNB
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
174/184
mixxhv
]dmthnb 6=" @dbdrki Dbtr kbmd Vdquh rdcdbts"Kppihmkbts ldshrhb` tn dbrnii hb k burshb` mnursd
cust fdinb` tn tjd uppdr enrty pdrmdbt *
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
175/184
mixxv
]dmthnb 60" ]mnpd ne Burshb`"K pdrsnb sjkii fd lddcdl tn fd prkmthmhb` burshb` whtjhb tjd
cdkbhb` ne tjhs Kmt wjdb jd) enr k edd) skikry nr ntjdr rdwkrl nr mncpdbskthnb) shb`iy nr hbmniikfnrkthnb whtj kbntjdr) hbhthktds kbl pdrenrcs burshb` sdrvhmds tn hblhvhlukis) ekchihds kbl
mnccubhthds hb vkrhnus stk`ds ne ldvdinpcdbt tnwkrls tjd prncnthnb ne jdkitj) prdvdbthnb ne
hiibdss) rdstnrkthnb ne jdkitj) kbl kiidvhkthnb ne sueedrhb` tjrnu`j1
*k( Tthihzkthnb ne tjd burshb` prnmdss) hbmiulhb` kssdsscdbt) pikbbhb`)
hcpidcdbtkthnb kbl dvkiukthnb ne burshb` mkrd" Burshb` mkrd hbmiulds) fut bnt
ihchtdl tn) trklhthnbki kbl hbbnvkthvd kpprnkmjds hb sdie#dxdmuthb` burshb`
tdmjbhquds kbl prnmdlurds) mncenrt cdksurds) jdkitj tdkmjhb` kbl
klchbhstrkthnb ne id`ki kbl wrhttdb prdsmrhpthnb enr trdktcdbt tjdrkphds)
cdlhmkthnb kbl jypnldrchm hbtrkcusmuikr nr hbtrkvdbnus hbadmthnbs1 _rnvhldl)
jnwdvdr) \jkt) hb tjd klchbhstrkthnb ne hbtrkvdbnus hbadmthnbs) spdmhki trkhbhb`
sjkii fd rdquhrdl kmmnrlhb` tn prntnmni dstkfihsjdl7
*f( Dstkfihsjcdbt ne ihbgk`ds whtj mnccubhty rdsnurmds kbl mnnrlhbkthnb ne
tjd jdkitj tdkc7
*m( Cnthvkthnb ne hblhvhlukis) ekchihds kbl mnccubhthds7 rdsnurmds kbl
mnnrlhbkthnb ne sdrvhmds whtj ntjdr cdcfdrs ne tjd jdkitj tdkc7
*l( _krthmhpkthnb hb tdkmjhb`) `uhlkbmd kbl supdrvhshnb ne stuldbt hb burshb`
dlumkthnb prn`rkcs) hbmiulhb` klchbhstdrhb` burshb` sdrvhmds hb vkrhdl
sdtthb`s sumj ks jnsphtkis) jncds) mnccubhthds kbl tjd ihgd7 ubldrtkghb`
mnbsuitkthnb sdrvhmds7 kbl db`k`hb` hb sumj ntjdr kmthvhthds tjkt rdquhrd tjd
uthihzkthnb ne gbnwidl`d kbl ldmhshnb#ckghb` sghii ne k rd`hstdrdl bursd7 kbl
*d( Tbldrtkghb` burshb` kbl jdkitj ckbpnwdr ldvdinpcdbt trkhbhb` kbl
rdsdkrmj kbl snihmhthb` ehbkbmds tjdrdenr) hb mnnpdrkthnb whtj tjd kpprnprhktd
`nvdrbcdbt nr prhvktd k`dbmy1 _rnvhldl) jnwdvdr) \jkt tjhs prnvhshnb sjkii
bnt kppiy tn burshb` stuldbts wjn pdrenrc burshb` eubmthnbs ubldr tjd lhrdmt
supdrvhshnb ne qukihehdl ekmuity"
]dmthnb 6:" [ukih eh mkthnbs ne Bur shb` ]drvhmd Klchbhstrktnr" K pdrsnb nmmupyhb`
supdrvhsnry nr ckbk`drhki pnshthnbs rdquhrhb` gbnwidl`d ne burshb` cust1
*k( Fd k Ehihphbn mhthzdb nr k enrcdr Ehihphbn mhthzdb wjn wks jks neehmhkiiy
ldmikrdl jhs.jdr hbtdbthnb tn rdkmquhrd Ehihphbn mhthzdbsjhp7
*f( Fd k rd`hstdrdl bursd hb tjd _jhihpphbds7
*m( Fd k cdcfdr hb `nnl stkblhb` ne tjd kmmrdlhtdl bkthnbki nr`kbhzkthnb ne
bursds7
*l( Jkvd kt idkst twn *6( ydkrs dxpdrhdbmd hb `dbdrki burshb` sdrvhmd
klchbhstrkthnb7 kbl
*d( _nssdss k ld`rdd ne Fkmjdinr ne ]mhdbmd hb Burshb`) whtj kt idkst bhbd *8(
ubhts hb ckbk`dcdbt mnursds kt tjd `rkluktd idvdi"
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
176/184
mixxvh
_rnvhldl) \jkt k pdrsnb nmmupyhb` tjd pnshthnb ne mjhde bursd nr lhrdmtnr ne burshb` sdrvhmd
sjkii) hb kllhthnb tn tjd enrd`nhb` qukihehmkthnbs) pnssdss1
*k( Kt idkst ehvd *4( ydkrs ne dxpdrhdbmd hb k supdrvhsnry nr ckbk`drhki pnshthnb
hb burshb`7 kbl
*f( K ckstdrs ld`rdd ckanr hb burshb` sdrvhmd klchbhstrkthnb nr hts dquhvkidbt1
_rnvhldl jnwdvdr) \jkt tjnsd nmmupyhb` sumj pnshthnb fdenrd tjd deedmthvhty
ne tjhs Kmt sjkii fd `hvdb k pdrhnl ne ehvd *4( ydkrs ernc tjd lktd ne deedmthvhty
ne tjhs Kmt whtjhb wjhmj tn qukihey1 _rnvhldl) eurtjdr) \jkt) fy tjd ydkr 6???)
nbiy jnildrs ne k ckstdrs ld`rdd ckanr hb burshb` klchbhstrkthnb sjkii fd
kppnhbtdl tn sumj pnshthnb1 _rnvhldl ehbkiiy) \jkt) enr jnsphtkis whtj fdl
mkpkmhty ne ehety *4?( kbl fdinw) tjd chbhcuc kmkldchm qukihehmkthnbs kbl
dxpdrhdbmds enr k mjhde bursd sjkii fd ks spdmhehdl ubldr sufsdmthnbs *m() *l(
kbl *d( ne tjhs sdmthnb"
KV\HMID UH
JDKI\J JTCKB VD]NTVMD LDUDIN_CDB\) _VNLTM\HNB KBL
T\HIHQK\HNB
]dmthnb 68" ]tulhds enr Bur shb` C kbpnwdr Bddls) _rnlumthnb) Tth ih zkthnb kbl Ldvdinpcdbt"
\jd Burshb` Fnkrl sjkii ubldrtkgd stulhds kbl hbhthktd kbl.nr mnnpdrktd whtj kpprnprhktd
`nvdrbcdbt nr prhvktd k`dbmhds hb tjd mnblumt ne stulhds enr jdkitj juckb rdsnurmd prnlumthnb)
uthihzkthnb kbl ldvdinpcdbt"
KV\HMID UHH
_DBKI KBL CH]MDIIKBDNT] _VNUH]HNB]
]dmthnb =?" _rnjhfhthnbs hb tjd _rkmthmd ne Burshb`"K ehbd ne bnt idss tjkb \db tjnuskbl
pdsns *_;?)???"??( bnr cnrd tjkb Enrty tjnuskbl pdsns *_
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
177/184
mixxvh
*4( Pjn ekisdiy pnsds nr klvdrthsds ks k rd`hstdrdl bursd nr usds kby
ntjdr cdkbs tjkt tdbl tn mnbvdy tjd hcprdsshnb tjkt jd nr sjd hs krd`hstdrdl bursd7 nr
*5( Pjn kppdbls F"]"B".V"B" *Fkmjdinr ne ]mhdbmd hb
Burshb`.Vd`hstdrdl Bursd( tn jhs.jdr bkcd whtjnut jkvhb` fddb
mnbedrrdl skhl ld`rdd nr rd`hstrkthnb7
*f( Kby pdrsnb wjn ubldrtkgds hb#sdrvhmd dlumkthnbki prn`rkcs nr wjn
mnblumts rdvhdw mikssds enr fntj inmki kbl enrdh`b dxkchbkthnbs whtjnut
pdrcht.midkrkbmd ernc tjd _jhihpphbd Burshb` Kssnmhkthnb) tjd Fnkrl ne
Burshb` kbl tjd kpprnprhktd neehmd nr neehmdr ne tjd Ldpkrtcdbt ne Ikfnr kbl
Dcpinycdbt7 kbl
*m( Kby pdrsnb vhnikthb` kby prnvhshnb ne tjhs Kmt"
]dmthnb =;" ]tkblkrl Fkshm _ky"Fksdl nb murrdbt Bkthnbki Dmnbnchm kbl Ldvdinpcdbt
Kutjnrhty *BDLK( eh`urds) tjd prnpdr `nvdrbcdbt neehmd nr k`dbmy sjkii ehx k stkblkrl pky enr
kii bursds wnrghb` hb dhtjdr pufihm nr prhvktd jdkitj k`dbmhds" \jd skcd stkblkrl fkshm pky sjkii
fd hbmrdksdl pdrhnlhmkiiy tn mnpd whtj tjd hbmrdksd hb mnst ne ihvhb`"
]dmthnb =6" Dbe nrmdcdbt ne tjh s Kmt"Ht sjkii fd tjd luty ne kii luiy mnbsthtutdl ikw#
dbenrmdcdbt k`dbmhds kbl neehmdrs ne bkthnbki) prnvhbmhki) mhty nr cubhmhpki `nvdrbcdbts tn
dbenrmd tjd prnvhshnbs ne tjhs Kmt kbl tn prnsdmutd kby pdrsnb vhnikthb` tjd skcd"
]dmthnb ==" Vdpdkih b` Mikusd"Kii ikws) ldmrdds) nrldrs) mhrmuikrs) ruids kbl rd`uikthnbs) kbl
ntjdr hssukbmds wjhmj krd hbmnbshstdbt whtj tjhs Kmt krd jdrdfy rdpdkidl) kcdbldl nr cnlhehdlkmmnrlhb`iy"
]dmthnb =
-
8/22/2019 Ma. Bernardita v. Villaruel
178/184
mixxvhh
Vkw lktk phint tdst rdsuit usdl tjd ]_IH\#JKIE CD\JNL enrrdihkfhihty mndeehmhdbt whtj tjd kppihmkthnb ne _dkrsnb _rnlumt Cncdbt neMndeehmhdbt ne Mnrrdikthnb
VDIHKFHIH\X \D]\
CDKB CDKBNLL DUDB="0= ="0? r 3 ?"86