mã hóa-chống trộm- gps

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CHNG I: H THNG M HA KHA NG CI. KHI QUT H THNG M HA KHA NG C1. Khi qut: H thng m ha kha ng c c thit k ngn nga s trm cp xe. H thng s dng ECU kha ng c lu tr m cha kha chnh. Nu trong trng hp s dng khng ng cha kha ca xe khi ng xe (k c vic dng t vt hay cc dng c khc...) th ECU s gi tn hiu n ECU ng c (Electronic control unit) ngt nhin liu v nh la, lm cho ng c khng th khi ng c.

Hnh 1: S h thng.

2. Phn loi:Hin nay, c 2 loi h thng m ha kha ng c. Mt loi iu khin bng ECU kha ng c c lp v mt loi iu khin bng ECU ng c c tch hp ECU kha ng c bn trong.

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Hinh 2: loi ECU kha ng c c tch hp bn trong ECU ng c.

Hnh 3: Loi ECU kha ng c c lp. Tuy nhin i vi loi ECU kha ng c c lp: sau khi so snh v gi tn hiu v cho ECU ng c hy ch kha ng c, ECU ng c bt u iu khin cho phun nhin liu v nh la. Ngay lp tc, ECU ng c cng gi tn hiu m ID ca xe cho ECU kha ng c so snh thm mt ln na. Nu hai m ID trng nhau th xe tip tc hot ng, nu hai m ny khng trng, th ngay lp tc xe ngng hot ng, ch kha ng c c thit lp tr li.

3. Chc nng v nguyn l hot ng:a) Chc nng cc b phn chnh:

_ Cun dy cha thu pht: cun dy to ra t trng xung quanh kha inv nhn m ID ca cha kha (khi cha c a vo kha).

_ B khuych cha thu pht: cho php dng in vo cun dy cha thu pht t ECU kha ng c v pht ra m ID nhn c t cha kha (thng qua cun dy cha thu pht), sau gi m ny ti ECU kha ng c. _ Cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha: cng tc ny nhn bit cha khac c a vo kha in hay cha v gi tn hiu gi v ECU kha ng c. _ ECM (ECU ng c): nhn tn hiu t ECU kha ng c, t c cho php ng c hot ng hay khng. _ ECU kha ng c: nhn m ID ca cha kha t b khuych cha thu pht, sau s so snh vi m ID c ng k trc . T , ECU kha ng

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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c s gi tn hiu ti ECU ng c iu khin s hot ng ca ca ng c. _ n ch bo an ninh: c iu khin t ECU kha ng c, n gip ngi li xe bit c tnh trng ca xe: ang m ha, hy m ha, hay ng k cha kha vv.

b) Nguyn l hot ng: S khi ca h thng:

Nguyn l hot ng:

Thit lp ch m ha: c hai

cch _ Cch 1: Khi rt cha kha ra khi kha in, cng tc cnh bo bng cha m (OFF), ECU kha ng c nhn bit c iu ny thng qua mc in p t ln

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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chn KSW ca ECU kha ng c ( OFF-12V; ON- 0V). T , ch m ha c thit lp. _ Cch 2: Khi xoay cng tc my v v tr ACC hoc LOCK, sau 20 giy ECU kha ng c nhn bit c iu ny thng qua chn IG (ACC hay LOCK- 0V; ON- 12V). T ch m ha c thit lp. Khi ch m ha c thit lp, th ECU kha ng c s gi tn hiu iu khin n ch bo an ninh nhp nhy.Xa b ch m ha: _a cha kha vo kha: Khi a cha kha vo trong kha, cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha ng li (ON), in p cc KSW gim xung 0V. ECU kha ng c cung cp dng in ti b khuych i cha thu pht qua chn VC5, cng lc ECU kha ng c gi tn hiu ti chn TXCT. Kt qu l dng in i vo cun dy cha thu pht v to ra t trng xung quanh kha in. _B ch kha ng c: Khi t trng c to ra xung quanh kha in, tn hiu m ID ca con chp c t bn trong cha kha s gi tn hiu ti cun dy cha thu pht, b khuych s khuych i tn hiu ny v gi v ECU kha ng c qua chn CODE. ECU kha ng c s so nh m ID ca cha kha v m ID c ng k. Nu hai m trng nhau th ECU kha ng c s gi tn hiu v cho ECM ( ECU ng c) qua chn EFIO. T , ECM cho php ng c hot ng (cho phun xng v nh la).

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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c) iu khin tt n ch bo an ninh: Khi ECU kho ng c xo b ch kho ng c, th vic iu khin n ch bo an ninh nhp nhy kt thc v n cng b tt.

II: Quy trnh ng k v xa m cha kha:Khi b mt cha kha (cha chnh hoc cha ph) th kh nng b mt cp xe l hon ton c th xy ra v nhng cha kha b mt d dng khi ng c xe nu nh m cha kha trong xe cha c xa b hoc ng k li m cha kha mi. V vy, vic xa b hay ng k m cha kha mi l v cng cn thit v c phn loi theo cc trng hp sau y. 1. Cc quy trnh ng k m cha kha: a) ng k m cha ln u (sau khi thay th ECU kha ng c): Qui trnh ng k bng my chn on (my TEST):Qui trnh 1. Bt u 2. a cha kha vo trong kha 3. Thc hin theo cc bc sau trn my chn on. 1. Chn IMMOBILIZER Trng thi ca n bo an ninh Nhp nhy Sng (trong vng 2 pht) Tt trong 1 giy, sau sng

2. Chn ID UTILITY .

3. Chn IMMOB CODE REG. 4. Rt cha kha ra v nhn nt NEXT (tip theo) Sng (Cha u tin c ng ktrn my chn on. xong). 5. a tip cha th 2 vo kha ng k. Tt trong 1 giy, sau sng. 6. Rt cha kha ra v sau nhn nt NEXT trn Sng my chn on (my TEST).

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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Tt trong 1 giy, sau sng 0,5 7. Cho n khi a cha cui cng vo kha giy. ng k. Tt (ng k xong cho cha cui 8. Rt cha kha ra. 9. Kt thc cng) Nhp nhy

_Sau khi kt thc vic ng k th n bo an ninh sng. Nhng sau khi ng k cho cha cui cng kt thc th n bo s tt, khng sng. Sau , rt cha kha ra th n ch bo s nhy. Qui trnh ng k khng s dng my chn on (my TEST):

_y l mt h thng ng k t ng cho m cha kha (m cha chnh v m cha ph) khi thay th ECU kho ng c.

_Sau khi thay th ECU kho ng c, bt kho in ln v tr ON lm chon ch bo nhp nhy. Trong iu kin , tra cha kho chnh v cha kho ph vo kho in t ng ng k m cha vo ECU (trong 10 giy). Trong qu trnh ng k ln u (ng k t ng), m cha c th c ng k cho 3 hoc 4 cha. Vic ng k ln cui (cha th 3 hoc th 4) c thc hin ch ng k m cha ph. b) ng k m cha b sung (sau khi c t nht mt m cha c ng k trong ECU kha ng c): ng k m cha b sung bng my chn on (my TEST):Qui trnh Thi gian thc hin. Trng thi n ch bo an ninh Nhp nhy (cho n 1. Bt u kha kha). 2. a cha kha c ng k t trc vo kha (cha chnh). Bt cng tc my ON v my TEST ON. 3. Chn cc bc sau trn my TEST: Tt khi u cha tin

c a vo

1) IMMOBILISER2) ID UTILITY 3) IMMOB CODE REG

-

Sng

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


n tt nghip4. Rt cha kha chnh ra v sau nhn nt NEXT (tip Thc hin theo) trn my chn on. Ngay sau , a li cha kha trong vng chnh vo kha, bt cng tc v my chn on (ON). 5. Rt cha kha ra v sau nhn nt NEXT trn my chn on. 6. a cha kha cn ng k vo kha. 7. Sau 60 giy, cha kha c ng k xong. n ch bo an ninh tt. 8. Rt cha kha ra v nhn nt NEXT trn my chn on. 9. Mn hnh trn my TEST hin th s cha kha c ng k. 10. Kt thc 20 giy Trong vng 20 giy Trong vng 10 giy

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Nhp nhy sng Sng Nhp nhy Tt Nhp nhy

_Trong trng hp ny cn lu : Nu cha kha c rt ra trong vng 60 giy bc 6 th ch ng k m cha b sung b hy b. Khi cha kha c rt ra, nu h thng hot ng bnh thng th n bo s nhy lin tc. ng k m cha b sung khng cn my chn on (my TEST):Qui trnh 1. Bt u. 2. a cha kha chnh ( c ng k t trc) vo trong kha. Thc hin thao tc rt ra v gn cha kha li (4 ln) 3. M v ng ca 6 ln 4. Rt cha kha chnh ra 5. a cha kha cn ng k vo trong kha 6. Sau 60 giy, cha kha c ng k xong (n ch bo an ninh tt) 7. Rt cha kha ra 8. Kt thc Nhp nhy Trong vng 35 giy Sng Trong vng 10 giy Nhp nhy Thi gian thc hin Trng thi n ch bo an ninh

Nhp nhy

_Cn lu trong trng hp ny l: Nu cha kha cn ng k khng c a vo kha trong vng 10 giy (bc 5) th ECU s hy b ch ng k b sung. 2. Xa b m cha ng k trong ECU kha ng c v m cha kha (tr cha chnh):Qui trnh 1. Bt u Thi gian thc hin. Tnh trng n ch bo an ninh Nhp nhy

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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2. a cha kha chnh c ng k vo trong kha. Bt cng tc my v my chn on (ON). 3. Chn cc bc sau trn my TEST. 1) IMMOBILISER. (H Thng M Ha) -

Tt

2) ID UTILITY.(M ID ph). 3) IMMOB CODE ERS (Xa M) 4. Rt cha kha ra v nhn nt NEXT trn my chn on. Ngay sau a cha kha chnh vo trong kha, bt on. Trong 5. Rt cha kha chnh ra. vng 10 giy (sau khi my chn on hin th kt qu) 6. Kt thc. Trong vng cng tc sang v tr ON v nhn nt NEXT trn my chn 120 giy

Tt

Nhp nhysng trong vng 1 giy sau tt

Nhp nhy

_iu kin c th xa b m cha l phi c t nht 2 m cha c ng k tong ECU kha ng c v phi s dng cha chnh xa.

3. ng k m ID cho ECU kha ng c v ECM (ECU ng c): _Trng hp ny cn c ng k khi thay th ECM hay EU kha ng c (hoc c 2). Nu khng, ng c s khng khi ng c do m ID cha ph hp vi nhau. Ngoi ra, cn ngt ngun cho h thng (Cc m bnh c-qui) trc khi tin hnh qui trnh ny m bo an ton cho h thng. Sau ni ngun li v m bo rng khng b mt ngun trong khi quy trnh ny ang c tin hnh. Sau khi thay th ECU kha ng c hoc ECM (hoc c 2):

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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Bc 1: Thc hin qui trnh ng k m cha da trn qui trnh ng k cho m cha mi. Bc 2: S dng dng c chuyn dng ni tt cc TC v CG ca gic kim tra DLC3 trc khi a cha kha vo trong kha (hnh 4). Bc 3: a cha kha chnh ( c ng k) vo trong kha v v tr ON (Khng khi ng ng c). nh vy trong 30 pht. Bc 4: Bt cng tc my OFF v ngt kt ni gia 2 cc TC v CG. Bc 5: Khi ng ng c. Sau khi ng c khi ng c th sau 3 giy nu nh khng c vn g th cng vic ng k hon tt.

III. Kim tra v chn on h thng:Nu nh trong trng hp dng ng cha kha khi ng ng c m vn khng khi ng c th hin tng ny c th xut pht t nhiu nguyn nhn (Nh l mch ngun, ECU ng c,...). Nhng phn ny, ta t gi thit cc h thng khc u tt v ch i vo kim tra tng b phn ca h thng m ha kha ng c da trn ti liu k thut ca nh ch to. 1. Kim tra: a) Kim tra b khuych i cha thu pht: Bc 1: Tho gic ni ca b khuych i (Gic D24).

Bc 2: o in tr dy dn. in tr tiu chunK hiu v tn chn AGND(D24-7) iu kin tiu chun Lun di 1

(Sau khi o, nu kt qu khng ng tiu chun th c th dy dn hng).Bc 4: Gn li gic D24Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Bc 5: o in tr v in p ca gic ni theo bng tiu chun sau. Bng Tiu chun k thut:K hiu v tn cc chn. VC5(D24-1)-AGND(D24-7) CODE(D24-4)-AGND(D24-7) TXCT(D24-5)-AGND(D24-7) AGND(D24-7)-mt Tiu chun cho php . Khi khng c cha kha trong kha o c: 02V. Khi a cha vo: 4,6-5,4V. Khi a cha kha vo trong kha th to ra dng xung s 1. Khi a cha kha vo kha th to ra dng xung s 2. in tr lun Di 1.

(Sau khi kim tra, nu kt qu khng ng nh trn c th b khuch i b hng.) Bc 6: Kim tra bng my o xung:Tn chn. Thit lp Kim tra CODE(D24-4)-AGND(D24-7). 5V/DIV...,20ms/DIV. a cha kha vo kha v quan st dng xung trn my o xung .

Tn chn Thit lp Kim tra

TXCT(D24-4)-AGND(D24-7) 5V/DIV...,20ms/DIV a cha kha vo kha v quan st dng xung trn my o xung .

b) Kim tra ECU kha ng c: Bc 1: Tho gic ni ca ECU kha ng c (Gic D23).

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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Bc 2: o in tr v in p ca dy dn, sau so snh vi bng tiu chun di y.

Bng tiu chun:K hiu v tn chn GND(D23-16). +B(D23-1)-GND(D23-16) IG(D23-2)-GND(D23-16) Tiu chun cho php in tr lun di 1 in p t 11V ti 14V in p cng tc my: 1:OFF:02V: gn cha kha vo: 11V-14V

(Nu kt qu khng ng tiu chun, c th dy dn b hng) Bc 4: Gn li gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c. Bc 5: o in p gia cc cc trn gic ni theo bng sau. in p tiu chun:K hiu cc chn KSW(D23-3)-AGND(D23-5) VC5(D23-14)-AGND(D23-5) TXCT(D23-4)-AGND(D23-5) CODE(D23-15)-AGND(D23-5) EFIO(D23-13)-EGND(D23-11) EFII(D23-12)-EGND(D23-11) Tiu chun cho php. Khi khng c cha trong kha o dc: 11V. Khi c cha kha:1V. Khi khng c cha trong kha o c: 02V. Khi c cha kha: 4,6-5,4V. Khi a cha vo trong kha s to ra dng xung s 2. Khi a cha vo trong kha s to ra dng xung s 1. Bt Cng tc my t OFFON s to ra dng xung s 3. Bt Cng tc my t OFFON s to ra dng xung s 4.

Bc 6: Kim tra bng my o xung. Tn hiu ca dng xung s 1 v 2 chnh l tn hiu ca b khuych i. Di y, chng ta s xem xt dng xung tn hiu u vo v u ra ca ECM.

Tn chn Ci t Tn chn Kim tra Ci t Kim tra

EFIO(D23-13)-EGND(D23-1) 10V/DIV...,500ms/DIV EFII (D23-12)-EGND(D23-11) Bt cng tc my t OFF sang ON 10V/DIV...,500ms/DIV to ra dng xung s 3. Bt cng tc my t OFF sang ON to ra dng xung s 4.

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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Kim tra in tr cc dy mt. in tr tiu chun:K hiu cc chn AGND(D23-5)-GND(D23-16) EGND(D23-11)-GND(D23-15) Tiu chun cho php. in tr lun di 1 in tr lun di 1

c) Kim tra ECM

Bc 1: Tho gic ni A21 (gic ECM). Bc 2:. T gic ny, o din tr v in p ca dy dn.Tiu chun cho php:K hiu cc chn IMI(A21-11)-EOM(A21-9) IMO(A21-10)-EOM(A21-9) EOM(A21-9)-mt Tiu chun cho php Khi a cha vo kha th s: to ra xung s 5. Khi a cha vo kha th s: to ra xung s 6 in tr lun di 1

(Sau khi , nu kt qu khng ng tiu chun th c th dy dn b hng).

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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Bc 3: Gn li gic A21. Bc 6: Kim tra bng my o xung.Tn chn Ci t iu kin Tn chn Ci t iu kin IMI(A21-11)-EOM(A21-9) 10V/DIV...,500ms/DIV Khng c cha kha bn tong khagn cha kha vo IMO(A21-10)-EOM(A21-9) 10V/DIV...,500ms/DIV Khng c cha kha bn tong khagn cha kha vo

2. Chn on v xa m li h thng m ha kha ng c: a) Chn on: Gic kim tra DLC3:

M t: ECM iu khin cc chc nng ca h thng m ha kha ng c. D liu ca h thng v m li c th c c qua gic DLC3 (hnh) c gn trn xe. Cc gi tr in tr v in p tiu chun ca gic DLC3: (Nu kt qu khng ng tiu chun, c th gic DLC3 b hng. Cn sa cha hoc thay th gic ni). Lu : trc khi o in tr, ri khi xe t nht l 1 pht v khng c

vn hnh cha kha, cc cng tc khc hoc ng m cc ca.K hiu v tn cc CG(4)-mt SG(5)-mt BAT(6)-mt CANH(6)-CANL(14) CANH(6)-CG(4) CANL(14)-CG(4) iu kin tiu chun in tr lun di 1. in tr lun di 1. in p t: 11V-14V in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 54 ti 69. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 200 hoc cao hn. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 200 hoc cao hn. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 6K hoc cao hn. Cng tc my GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh OFF:6K hoc cao hn

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM CANL(14)-BAT(16)

CANH(6)-BAT(16)

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My chn on (my TEST):

Kt ni cp ca my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM, xoay cng tc my ON. Kim tra v chc chn rng my chn on hot ng bnh thng. b) Kim tra v xa m li trn my chn on (my TEST): Kim tra m li: (a). Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. (b). Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON. (c). Bt my chn on ON. (d). Nhp theo cc bc trn my chn on nh sau: DIAGNOSIS/OBD/MOBD/IMMOBILISERR/DTCINFO/CURRENT CODES. (e). Kim tra gic DLC3 v ghi li kt qu. Xa m li : (a). Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3. (b). Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON. (c). Bt my chn on ON. (d). Thc hin cc bc trn my chn theo cc bc sau: DIAGNOSIS/OBD/MOBD/IMMOBILISERR/ DTC INFO/CLEAR CODES. (e). Nhn nt YES trn my chn on.

IV. M li:1. Bng m li:K hiu m li B2780 B2784 M t Bt cng tc my, cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha hng. Vng b li 1. Cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha 2.Dy in

4. ECU kha ng c Cun thu pht b ngn hay m 1. Dy in mch. 2. B khuch i cha thu pht

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


n tt nghip3. ECU kha ng c 1. Cha kha 1. Cha kha 1. Cha kha 1. Cha kha 3. Dy in 4. ECU kha ng c 1. Cha kha B2797 H hng ng truyn 1 2. B khuch i cha thu pht 3. Dy in 4. ECU kha ng c 1. Cha kha 1. Gic ni 2. ECM

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B2793 B2794 B2795

Chp thu pht b li M cha kha b li Khng nhn tn hiu m cha

B2796

Khng c tn hiu h thng m 2. B khuch i cha thu pht ha

B2798 B2799

H hng ng truyn 2 Khng kha c ng c

Lu : M li ca h thng m ha kha ng c thit lp nh

trn. Nu khc m li th nn kim tra li m li ca my chn on.2. Cch kim tra cc m li: A) M li B2780-Bt cng tc ON, cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha b hng: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi ECU kha ng c khng nhn tn hiu t cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha ON khi cng tc my ON. 2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: Bc 1. c cc gi tr ca my chn on:o Kt ni my chn on vi gic kim tra DLC3.

o Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON, nhng khng khi ng ng c.o Trn mn hnh my chn on, thc hin cc bc sau: Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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DIAGNOSIS/OBD/MOBD/DATA LIST/IMMOBILISER/KEY SW. _c gi tr:B phn KEY SW ( Cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha) Kim tra tn hiu (trn my TEST) Tn hiu m kha bng cha ON hoc OFF kha. ON: c cha kha trong kha. iu kin bnh thng OFF: khi khng c cha kha trong

Nu khng c tn hiu th thc hin bc 2 Nu c tn hiu (ON: trn mn hnh my TEST) thay th ECU kha ng c. BC 2: Kim tra cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha: o Tho gic D19 ca cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. o o in tr dy in. in tr tiu chunKim tra gic ni Cc 1-2 Cc 1-2 iu kin Nhn Khng nhn iu kin tiu chun Di 1 10K hoc cao hn

o o

Lp li cng tc cnh bo m kha

bng cha Nu khng ng iu kin tiu chun thay th cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha Nu ng kiu kin tiu chun thc hin tip bc 3. BC 3. Kim tra dy in v gic ni: o Tho gic D19 ca cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha.o o in tr dy in. D19-2 vi mt: di 1

o Lp li gic D19. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy i v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 4.

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BC 4. Kim tra dy in v gic ni (ECU kha ng c vi cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha). o Tho gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Tho gic D19 ca cng tc cnh bo bng cha. o o in tr ca dy in ca gic ni. in tr tiu chunKim tra gic ni D23-3(KSW)-D19-1 iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Gn gic ni D19 ca cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU kha ng c. B) M B2748- Cun dy cha thu pht b ngn hay h mch: 1. M t: Cun y cha thu pht khng nhn tn hiu m cha kha t chip ca cha thu pht.Tn m li B2784

M t

Khu vc li 1. Dy dn 2. B khuch i cha thu pht 3. ECU kha ng c

Dy cha thu pht b ngn hay h mch

2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra:

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BC 1. c gi tr my chn on:o Kt ni my chn on vi gic DLC3. o Xoay cng tc my qua v tr ON, nhp theo menu:

DIAGNOSIS/OBD/MOBD/DATA LIST/IMMOBILISER/ANTENNA COIL.o c gi tr:B phn Cun dy cha thu pht Kim tra b phn (trn my TEST) NORMAL hoc FAIL Tnh trng NORMAL:bnh thng. FAIL: li

Nu li thc hin bc 2. Nu tt (NORMAL- trn mn hnh my TEST) thay th ECU kha ng c. BC 2. Kim tra dy in v gic ni (ECU kha ng c-b khuch i cha thu pht): o Tho gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Tho gic D24 ca b khuch i cha thu pht. o o in tr gia dy in ca gic ni. in tr tiu chunKim tra gic ni D23-14(VC5)-D24-1(VC5) D23-15(CODE)-D24-4(CODE) D23-4(TXCT)-D24-5(TXCT) D23-5(AGND)-D24-7(AGND) D23-14(VC5) hoc D24-4(VC5)-mt D23-15(TXCT) hoc D24-4(CODE)-mt D23-4(TXCT) hoc D24-5(TXCT)-mt D23-5(AGND) hoc D24-7(AGND)-mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 Di 1 Di 1 Di 1 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn

o Gn gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c.o Gn gic ni D24 ca b khuych i cha thu pht.

Nu khng ng tiu chun Sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thay th b khuych i ca cha thu pht

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


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C) M li B2793- Chp ca cha thu pht b hng: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi: 1) Trong sut qu trnh ng k m chia kha c mt cha kha b li, hoc 2) M cha kha khng c ng k ng.Tn m li B2793 Pht hin li Chp thu pht b li Vng b li Cha kha

2. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. ng k li cha kha: o Xa m li o ng k li cha kha, kim tra hot ng ca ng c vi cha kha c ng k li. Nu ng c khng hot ng thay th cha kha. Nu ng c hot ng kt thc. D) M B2794- M cha kha b li: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi dng k m cha khng c.M li B2794 Pht hin m li ng k m cha kha khng c Vng b li Cha kha

2. Phng php: _Thay cha kha khc E) M li B2795- Khng nhn tn hiu t m cha kha: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi cha kha khng c ng k trong ECU kha ng c. 2. Phng php kim tra:

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o Xa m li v a tt c cha kha vo trong kha kim tra hot ng ca ng c. Nu ng c khng hot ng thay th cha kha khng lm cho ng c hot ng. Nu ng c hot ng kt thc. F) M li B2796-Khng c tn hiu trong h thng: G) M li B2798- H hng ng truyn 2: 1. M t M li c xut ra khi c mt cha kha khng c chp v c gn vo trong kha.Tn m li Pht hin m li Vng b li 1.Cha kha B2796 Khng c tn hiu 2. Dy in 3. B khuch i cha thu pht 4. ECU kha ng c B2798 Tn hiu b li Cha kha

2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. c gi tr ca my chn on:o Kt ni my chn on vi gic DLC3.

o Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON, nhng khng khi ng ng c.o Trn mn hnh my chn on, thc hin theo cc bc sau:

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21

DIAGNOSSIS/OBD/MOBD/DATALIST/IMMOBILISER/IMMOBILISER. c gi tr.

ECU kha ng cB phn IMMOBILISER Kim tra b phn (trn my chn on) SET hoc UNSET iu kin thng thng UNSET : cng tc my ON SET : khng c cng tc

Nu SET thc hin tip bc 2 Nu UNSET- Trn mn hnh my chn on thay th ECU kha ng c. BC 2. Kim tra hot ng ca ng c vi cc cha kha khc: o Kim tra hot ng ca ng c vi cc cha kha khc. Nu ng c khng hot ng thc hin tip bc 3. Nu ng c hot ng ng k li hoc thay th cha kha lm cho ng c khng hot ng. BC 3. c gi tr ca my chn on:o Kt ni my chn on vi gic DLC3

o Xoay cng tc sang v tr ON, nhng khng khi ng ng c.o Trn mn hnh my chn on thc hin theo cc bc sau:

DIAGNOSIS/OBDD/MOBD/DATALIST/IMMOBILISER/ANTENNA COIL. c gi tr:B phn ANTENNA COIL Kim tra b phn (trn my TEST) NORMAL hoc FAIL iu kin bnh thng NORMAL : cun thu pht bnh thng FAIL: cun thu pht b li

Nu li thay th b khuych i ca cha thu pht Nu bnh thng thc hin bc 4. BC 4. Kim tra dy in v gic ni:

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o Tho gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c.o Tho gic D24 ca b khuych i cha thu phtKim tra gic ni D23-14(VC5)-D24-1(VC5) D23-15(CODE)-D24-4(CODE) D23-4(TXCT)-D24-5(TXCT) D23-5(AGND)-D24-7(AGND) D23-14(VC5) hoc D24-4(VC5)- mt D23-15(TXCT) hoc D24-4(CODE)-mt D23-4(TXCT) hoc D24-5(TXCT)- mt D23-5(AGND) hoc D24-7(AGND)-mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 Di 1 Di 1 Di 1 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn 10K hoc cao hn

o Gn li gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c.o Gn li gic D24 ca b khuych i cha thu pht.

Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy in ca gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 5. BC 5. Thay th b khuych i cha thu pht:o Sau khi thay th b khuych i ca cha thu pht, kim tra hot ng

ca ng c. Nu ng c khng hot ng thay th ECU kha ng c.

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Nu ng c hot ng kt thc (b khuych i cha thu pht b hng). F) M li B2797- H hng ng truyn 1: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi tn hiu gia b khuych i ca cha thu pht v ECU kha ng c b li. Mt vi l do khin tn hiu b li nh l hai hoc nhiu cha kha nm gn nhau hoc tn hiu b nhiu.Tn m li Pht hin li Cha kha nm gn nhau hoc tn hiu b nhiu Vng b li 1. Cha kha 2. Dy in 3. B khuych i cha thu pht 4. ECU kha ng c

B2797

2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. Cha kha:o Kim tra nu cha kha ang s dng gn vi v tr

cha khc (c minh ha nh hnh bn). Ch kim tra nu mc ca cha kha khc tip xc vi cha kha ang dng.Kt qu Cha kha gn vi cha kha khc hoc tip xc vi mc cha kha Khng gn cha kha v tip xc vi mc cha kha khc Qui trnh A B

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Nu B thc hin bc 3. Nu A thc hin bc 2. BC 2. Kim tra m li: o Tch ri cc cha kha hoc tho mc cha kha ra. o Xa m li. o a cha kha vo bn trong kha, tho ra v lm li cho tt c cc cha kha. Nu khng c tn hiu thc hin bc 3 Nu c tn hiu kt thc. BC 3. Kim tra ECU kha ng c: S dng my o xung hoc my chn on kim tra s nhiu gia cc chn ca gic D24 ca b khuych i cha thu pht v D23 ca ECU kha ng c.

Kim tra gic ni D23-15(CODE)-D24-4(CODE) iu kin

iu kin tiu chun Khng xy ra nhiu Cng t my OFFON

Nu pht hin nhiu tm nguyn nhn gy nhiu v tm cch khc phc n. Nu khng pht hin nhiu thc hin bc 4. BC 4. Kim tra dy in v gic ni:

o Tho gic D23 ca ECU kha ng c ra. o Tho gic D24 ca b khuych i cha thu pht. o o in tr ca dy dn.

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in tr tiu chunKim tra gic ni D23-15(CODE)-D24-4(CODE) iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn li gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c.o Gn li gic ni D24 ca b khuych i cha thu pht.

Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy dn. Nu ng tiu chun thay th b khuych i cha thu pht. BC 5. Thay th b khuych i cha thu pht:o Sau khi thay th b khuych i cha thu pht nn kim tra li hot ng

ca ng c. Nu ng c khng hot ng thay th ECU kha ng c/ Nu ng c hot ng kt thc.

G) M li B2799- H thng kha ng c b li: 1. M t: M li c xut ra khi: 1).ECM pht hin tn hiu b li ca ECU kha ng c. 2) ECM pht hin ng truyn tn hiu b li. 3). M ID gia ECU kha ng c v ECM khc nhau. Trc khi x l m li, phi chc chn khng c m li ca ECU kha ng c, nu c th x l m li ca ECU kha ng c trc.Tn m li iu kin pht hin m li o B li thng tin gia ECU kha ng c v ECM hoc ng truyn tn hiu Vng b li o o Dy dn ECM

B2799

o M ID gia ECM v ECU kha ng c khcnhau.

2. S mch in:

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3. Phng php kim tra: o Tho gic ni D23 ca ECU kha n c. o Tho gic A21 ca ECM. o o in tr ca dy dn. in tr tiu chunKim tra gic ni D23-13(EFIO)-A21-11(IMI) D23-12(EFII)-A21-10(IMO) D23-11(EFGN)-A21-9(EOM) D23-13(EFIO) hoc A21-11(IMI)-mt D23-12(EFII)-A21-10(IMO)-mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 Di 1 Di 1 10 K hoc ln hn 10 K hoc ln hn

o Gn li gic niD23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Gn li gic ni D24 ca ECM.

Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy dn ca gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thay th ECM. H) n ch bo an ninh: 1. M t: Khi ng k m cha, ECU kha ng c s gi tn hiu ng k m cha qua n ch bo an ninh: sng ln, nhp nhy hoc tt.

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2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. Kim tra hot ng bng my chn on:o Kt ni my chn on vi gic kim tra DLC3.

o Xoay cng tc my ON.o Thc hin ch ACTIVE TEST trn mn hnh my chn on.B phn n ch bo an ninh Kim tra chi tit ON/OFF

Nu sng hoc tt thc hin bc 3. Nu hng Thc hin bc 2. BC 2. Kim tra dy dn ca gic ni (ECU kha ng c- n ch bo an ninh): o Tho gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Tho gic ni D24 ca n ch bo an ninh. o o in tr dy dn. in tr tiu chuniu kin kim tra D23-8(IDN)-D25-2 D23-8(IDN)-mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 10K hoc ln hn

o Gn li gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c. o Gn li gic ni D24 ca dn ch bo an ninh.

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Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy dn v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 3. BC 3. Kim tra ECU kha ng c: o o hiu in th ca dy dn. in tr tiu chuniu kin kim tra D23-8(IGN)-mt iu kin tiu chun 11-14V

Nu khng ng tiu chun thay th ECU kha ng c. Nu ng tiu chun thay th n ch bo an ninh.

I) Cng tc ca ngi li: 1. M t: Khi ng k thm m cha, ECU kha ng c pht hin n bo cng tc ca ngi li ng hoc m, y l iu kin ng k thm m cha. 2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. Kim tra cng tc ca ngi li: o Tho cng tc ca ngi li ra o o in tr dy dn. in tr tiu chunTrng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

n tt nghipiu kin kim tra 1-cng tc 1-cng tc iu kin tiu chun Khng nhn cng tc: 10K hoc ln hn Khng nhn cng tc: di 1

29

Lp li cng tc. Nu khng ng tiu chun thay th cng tc ca ngi li Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc tip theo. BC 2. Kim tra dy dn ca gic ni: o Tho gic ni ca ECU kha ng c. o o in tr dy dniu kin kim tra D23-7(CTY)-mt D23-7(CTY)-mt iu kin tiu chun Khi nhn cng tc: 10K hoc ln hn Khng nhn cng tc: di 1

o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy dn ca gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun tip tc kim tra. J) Ngun cung cp cho ECU kha ng c: 1. M t: C ngun cung cp nhng ECU kha ng c khng hot ng. 2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1. Kim tra cu ch (ECU-B): o Tho cu ch ECU-B t hp gic ni J/B v R/B trong khoang ng c.

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o o in tr. in tr tiu chun: di 1. o Lp li cu ch ECU-B. Nu khng ng tiu chun thay cu ch. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc tip theo. BC 2. Kim tra cu ch (IGN): o Tho cu ch IGN. o o in tr. in tr tiu chun: di 1 o Lp li cu ch. Nu khng ng tiu chun thay th. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 3. BC 3. Kim tra r le tch hp: o Tho r le tch hp. o Kim tra cu ch AM2. 1. Tho cu ch AM2. 2. o in tr cu ch AM2. in tr tiu chun: di 1.3. Lp li cu ch AM2.

o 1.

Kim tra r le IG2. Kim tra cc cc (nh hnh bn).iu kin tiu chun 10K hoc ln hn Di 1 (khi ngun cung cp cho cc 1B-2 v 1B-3) Di 1

iu kin kim tra 1C-1-1B-4 1C-1-1B-1

2. Lp li r le tch hp. Nu khng ng tiu chun thay th r le tch hp. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 4. BC 4. Kim tra cm cng tc my : o Tho gic ni D8 ca cng tc o Do in t gia cc cc.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

n tt nghipCc ch ca cha kha LOCK AC ON START iu kin tiu chun 2-4 : di 1 1-2-4 : di 1 5-6 : di 1 1-3-4 : di 1 5-6-7 : di 1

31

o Gn li gic ni D8. Nu khng ng tiu chun thay th cng tc. Nu ng tiu chun thc hin bc 5. BC 5. Kim tra dy dn v gic ni (ECU kha ng c vi ngun v mt): o Tho gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c.o o hiu in th (in p) dy dn.

Hiu in th tiu chuniu kin kim tra D23-1 (+B) mt D23-2 (IG) mt iu kin tiu chun Lun lun : 11-14V Cng tc my OFF : di 1V Cng tc my ON: 11-14V

o o in tr dy dn ca gic ni. in tr tiu chuniu kin kim tra D23-16 (GND) mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn li gic ni D23 ca ECU kha ng c. Nu khng ng tiu chun sa cha hoc thay th dy dn ca gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun thay th ECU kha ng c.

V. S mch in:1. TOYOTA CAMRY 2005:

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Khi bt cng tc my sang v tr On th cng tc m kha bng cha s xc nh tn hiu ny v a v chn KSW ca ECU kha ng c. Lc ny, ECU s cp ngun cho b khuych i qua chn VC5 v chn TXTC iu khin cun dy cha thu pht nhm to ra tn hiu m chp (trong cha) v a v b khuych i. Sau , b khuych i s gi tn hiu (m chp) v chn CODE ca ECU. ECU s x l v so snh tn hiu ny. Sau , n s truyn v nhn cc tn hiu ny vi ECM thng qua ng truyn giao tip c bit gia 2 cp chn: t EFIO (ECU) n chn IMI (ECM) v t IMO v chn EFII (ECU) hng dn cho php khi ng ng c ( nh la v phun nhin liu). 2. NISSAN ALTIMA 2005:

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Loi ny s dng ECU kha ng c c tch hp bn trong BCM ng c. Khi bt cng tc my ON, BCM s nhn bit l cha kha c a vo kha (thng qua chn IGN SW). Lc ny, BCM s cp dng cho b khuych i (ANTENNA AMPLIFIER) thng qua chn RXTX. Sau khi c cp dng, b Khuych i s cp dng cho cun dy trong kha in to t trng v nhn m ID ca chp (trong cha kha). Sau , b khuych i s gi tn hiu ny v BCM thng qua chn CLOCK. Sau khi nhn c tn hiu ny, BCM s x l v so snh vi tn hiu m cha c lu trong BCM. Trong trng hp nu m cha trng khp vi nhau th BCM s tin hnh cho ng c phun nhin liu v nh la (thng qua 2 cc iu khin BAT(F/L) v GND (Power).

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CHNG II: H THNG CHNG TRMI. Gii thiu v h thng chng trm:1. Khi qut: pht hin trm xe, h thng ny c thit k pht ra chung bo ng khi c bt k mt ca no hoc np y khoang ng c (np cap) ca xe b m kho mnh bt thng hoc cc ca c qui b tho ra v sau c ni li khi tt c cc ca ca xe c kho. H thng bo

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ng s lm ci ku mt cch gin on v nhy cc n pha, n hu v cc n bn ngoi khc. n ch bo an ninh nhy ch cho nhng ngi xung quanh xe bit xe c trang b h thng chng trm. H thng chng trm gm c 4 trng thi:

o Trng thi khng lm vic: khng pht hin trm. o Trng thi chun b lm vic: y l thi gian tr cho ti khi h thng t trng thi bo ng. trng thi ny khng pht hin c trm. o Trng thi lm vic: h thng chng trm hot ng. o Trng thi bo ng: h thng pht hin c trm v tip tc bo xung quanh bng tn hiu nh sng v m thanh khong 60 giy. Khi h thng chuyn t trng thi lm vic sang trng thi bo ng th ci ku lp tc . _iu kin A: khi tt c cc ca xe, np y khoang ng c v khoang hnh l c ng li, tt c cc ca c kha bng b kha ca iu khin t xa hoc bng cha kha. _iu kin B:o Bt k mt ca xe kha no b m ra.

o Bt k mt ca xe, np y khoang ng c v ca khoang hnh l no b mi ra. _iu kin C: trng thi chun b hot ng chim khong 30 giy. _iu kin D: o Bt k mt ca no ng b m ra m khng dng cha kha hay b iu khin kha ca t xa.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

n tt nghip

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o Bt k mt ca ng no b m ra. o Ca khoang hnh l b m m khng dng cha kha. o Np khoang ng c ng nhng b m ra. o c quy ngt c ni li. o Tn hiu pht hin trm t cc cm bin. _iu kin E: o Cc ca kha b m ra hoc ca khoang hnh l ng b m bng b iu khin t xa hay cha kha. o Cc ca b m kha hoc ca khoang hnh l ng c m bng cha kha. o Cm cha kha in vo kha v bt ln v tr ON. _iu kin F: thi gian bo ng khong 60 giy. 2. Chc nng: a) Thit lp h thng chng trm: o Rt cha ra khi cng tc my. o ng tt c cc ca xe, ca khoang hnh l, np y khoang ng c trc khi kho bng cha hoc b iu khin t xa.o H thng t c trng thi lm vic trong thi gian khong 30 giy

sau khi kho. b) Hy trng thi bo ng: o M kho cc ca kho bng b iu khin t xa. o M kho cc ca kho bng cha thit lp. o Cm cha kha vo cng tc my v bt ln v tr ON.

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Phng php thit lp v hu ch hot ng ca h thng chng trm khc nhau tu theo loi xe v khu vc s dng, do phi tham kho ti liu hng dn s dng. 3. S khi h thng chng trm:

_ECU: gm c ECU chng trm v ECU ng c. i vi ECU ng c: khi nhn tn hiu t cc cng tc v pht hin trng thi xe b trm, n truyn tn hiu ti thit b bo ng. _Cc thit b bo ng:o Ci bo ng. o Ci xe. o Cc n pha v n

hu.

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Cc thit b ny hot ng bo cho xung quanh bit xe ang b trm t nhpo n ch bo an ninh: thit b ny cho bit h thng c trng thi lm

vic hay khng. H thng trng thi hot ng, n ch bo nhy bo cho xung quanh bit xe c trang b h thng chng trm.o Cm kho ca (m t): khi h thng t ti trng thi bo ng v cc

ca c m kho, th h thng t ng kho cc ca. _Cng tc:o Cng tc ca xe. o Cng tc y np khoang ng c (np cap). o Cng tc ca khoang hnh l.

Cc cng tc ny pht hin trng thi ng/m ca mi ca xe, np y khoang ng c (np cap) v ca khoang hnh l ri truyn tn hiu ti ECU chng trm.o Kho in: cng tc ny xc nh trng thi ca kho in v truyn tn

hiu ti ECU chng trm.o Cng tc cnh bo m kho bng cha: cng tc ny xc nh xem cha

kho c c tra vo kho in hay khng v truyn tn hiu ti ECU chng trm.o Cm kho ca (cng tc v tr). o Cng tc m ca khoang hnh l bng cha.

Cc cng tc ny pht hin trng thi kho/ m kho ca mi ca v truyn tn hiu ti ECU chng trm. 4. Cc thit b khc: Mt s xe c cc b phn sau y iu khin h thng chng trmo Cm bin pht hin xm nhp

(cm bin raa): cm bin ny pht tn hiu sng ngt vo

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cabin xc nh chuyn ng trong ca bin v gi tn hiu ti ECU chng trm.o Ci bo ng: ci ny c lp ngay trong c qui v c th bo ng

ngay c khi c qui ca ca xe b tho ra. 5. Cc hot ng khc ca h thng chng trm: a) Hot ng kho ca cng bc: Khi h thng t ti trng thi bo ng v mt ca xe b m th chc nng kho ca cng bc s pht ra tn hiu kho ca ngn khng cho trm vo trong xe. Chc nng hot ng ny s kch hot khi tt c cc iu kin khi ng lit k di y c tho mn v dng li khi mt trong cc iu kin dng xe xut hin. _ iu kin khi ng: H thng chng trm trng thi bo ng. Khng c cha kho trong kho in. Mt trong cc ca xe b m kho. _ iu kin dng: Tt c cc ca xe u kho. Trng thi bo ng kt thc. Cha kho c tra vo kho in.

b) Chc nng nh trng thi bo ng: Khi ngi li quay tr li xe v thit lp li h thng chng trm th chc nng ny s lm cho n hu sng khong 2 giy bo cho ngi li bit rng h thng chng chm hot ng v ang trng thi bo ng.

II. Bng chn on h hng:Triu chng H thng chng trm khng c thit lp Khu vc pht hin li Mch in: cng tc bo m np khoang ng c. Mch in: n ch bo an ninh. Mch in: ngun cp cho ECU. Mch in: cnh bo m kha bng cha.

Trng: HSPKT TPHCM


n tt nghip

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Mch in: m khoang hnh l. Cm ECU chng trm. n ch bo an ninh khng nhp nhy khi h Mch in: n ch bo an ninh. Cm ECU chng trm. thng chng trm c thit lp. H thng chng trm c thit lp nhng Mch in: cng tc y np khoang khng hot ng khi m np khoang ng ng c. Cm ECU chng trm. c. H thng chng trm vn hot ng khi Mch in: cng tc m khoang hnh l. Cm ECU chng trm. khoang c m bng cha kha . H thng chng trm hot ng m ci bo Mch in: ci bo ng. Cm ECU chng trm. ng khng ku. Ci bo ng vn ku khi h thng chng Mch in: ci bo ng. Cm ECU chng trm. trm cha c thit lp Mch in: cng tc my Khng hy c h thng chng trm khi Cm ECU chng trm xoay cng tc my sang v tr ACC hay ON

III. Chn on v xa m li h thng m ha kha ng c:1. Chn on: a) Gic kim tra DLC3: M t: ECU iu khin cc chc nng ca h thng chng trm. D liu ca h thng v m li c th c c qua gic DLC3 (hnh) c gn trn xe. Cc gi tr in tr v in p tiu chun ca gic DLC3: (Nu kt qu khng ng tiu chun, c th gic DLC3 b hng. Cn sa cha hoc thay th gic ni). Lu : trc khi o in tr, ri khi xe t nht l 1 pht v khng c

vn hnh cha kha, cc cng tc khc hoc ng m cc ca.K hiu v tn chn CG(4)-mt SG(5)-mt BAT(6)-mt CANH(6)-CANL(14) CANH(6)-CG(4) CANL(14)-CG(4) CANH(6)-BAT(16) CANL(14)-BAT(16) iu kin tiu chun in tr lun di 1. in tr lun di 1. in p t: 11V-14V in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 54 ti 69. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 200 hoc cao hn. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 200 hoc cao hn. in tr khi cng tc my OFF: 6K hoc cao hn. Cng tc my OFF: 6K hoc cao hn

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b) My chn on (my TEST): Kt ni cp ca my chn on ti CAN VIM, kt ni CAN VIM ti gic kim tra DLC3, xoay cng tc my ON. Kim tra v chc chn rng my chn on hot ng bnh thng. 2. Kim tra v xa m li trn my chn on (my TEST): Kim tra m li: (a). Kt ni my chn on vi CAN VIM ti gic kim tra DLC3. (b). Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON. (c). Bt my chn on ON. (d). c cc m li xut hin trn mn hnh my chn on. Xa m li : (a). Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3. (b). Xoay cng tc my sang v tr ON. (c). Bt my chn on ON. (d). Tin hnh xa m li.

IV. Kim tra h thng chng trm:A) Kim tra ECU chng trm: m li B1269: 1. M t: M li dc xut ra khi khng c tn hiu gia ECU ng c v ECU chng trm hn 10 giy. 2. S mch in:

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3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v ECU ng c). o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm v D33 ca ECU ng c. o o in tr. in tr tiu chunGic kim tra D26-24 (BRK+) - D33-18 (SRX) D26-25 (BRK-) - D33-19 (STX) D26-24 (BRK+) hoc (SRX) - mt D26-25 (BRK-) hoc (STX) mt D26-16 (E) mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 Di 1 10 k hoc cao hn 10 k hoc cao hn Di 1

o Gn li gic ni D26 v D33 Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thc hin bc 2. BC 2: Kim tra in p. o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm o o in p gia dy in ca gic ni vi mt in p tiu chunGic kim tra D26-11 (+B1) mt D26-13 (+B2) mt iu kin tiu chun 11 - 14 V 11 - 14 V

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o Gn li gic ni Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm. B) Mch in cng tc np y khoang ng c: 1. S mch in:

2. Phng php kim tra: BC 1: c gi tr trn my chn on ( my TEST). o Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. o Bt cng tc my ON. o Bt my chn on ON. o Chn cng tc y np khoang ng c, hin ln trn my chn on ( my TEST). ECU chng trm.B phn Cng tc y np khoang ng c. Hin th Hin th ON hoc OFF. iu kin bnh thng ON: Khi cng tc m OFF: Khi cng tc ng.

Nu c tn hiu ON hoc OFF th xem bng chn on h hng Nu khng c tn hiu th thc hin bc 2 BC 2: Kim tra cm cng tc y np khoang ng c. o Tho gic ni A18 o o in tr ca cng tc y np khoang ng c in tr tiu chunGic kim tra 12 12 Tnh trng Kha (OFF) M kha (ON) Thng s chun 10 k hoc cao hn Di 1

o Gn li gic ni Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th cm cng tc y np khoang ng c.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Nu ng tiu chun th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 3: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v cng tc y np khoang ng c). o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm v gic A18 ca cng tc y np khoang ng c. o o in tr. in tr tiu chunGic kim tra D26-4 (DSWH)-A18-1 D26-4 (DSWH)- mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 10k hoc cao hn

o Gn li cc gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thya th dy in v gic ni Nu ng gi tr tiu chun th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 4: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( cng tc y np khoang ng c v mt). o Tho gic ni A18 ca cng tc y np khoang ng c. o o in tr.

in tr tiu chunGic kim tra A18-2 mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn li gic ni A18. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm. C) Mch in ci bo ng: 1. S mch in:

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2. Phng php kim tra. BC 1: Kim tra hot ng bi my chn on ( my TEST). o Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. o Bt cng tc my ON. o Bt my chn on ON. o Chn b phn cn kim tra hot ng. ECU chng trmMc cn kim tra Ci bo ng Hin th trn my chn on Hin th ON / OFF

Nu hot ng tt (ON/OFF) th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng hot ng th thc hin bc tip theo.

BC 2: Kim tra cu ch ECU-B. o Tho cu ch ECU-B t hp ni R/B trong khong ng c. o o in tr. in tr tiu chun: Di 1. o Lp li cu ch ECU-B. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th. Nu cn tt th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 3: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v mt). o Tho gic D26 ca ECU chng trm.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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o o in p.iu kin tiu chun Di 1 D26-15(SH) A23-1 A23-2 mt Di 1 Gic kim tra iu kin tiu chun. D26-15 (SH) hoc (A23-1) - mt 10 k hoc cao hn D26-13(B+) mt 11 n14 V Gic kim tra

in p tiu chun

o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 4: Kim tra b ci bo ng. o Tho gic A23 ca ci bo ng. o Kim tra hot ng ca ci.iu kin kim tra Chn dng (+) chn 1 Chn m (-) chn 2 iu kin tiu chun Ci ku

o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ku chun th thay th b kn bo ng ny. Nu cn tt th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 5: Kim tra dy in v gic ni. o Tho gic ni D23 ca ECU chng trm v A23 ca ci bo ng. o o in tr. in tr tiu chun o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm. D) Mch in cng tc my: 1. S mch in:

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2. Phng php kim tra: o Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. o Bt cng tc my v my chn on ON. o Xa cc m li. o Kim tra m li B1269 mc d n lp li 10 giy hoc lu hn sau khi cng tc my ON. Nu xut hin m li th tm nguyn nhn bng m li. Nu thy tt, khng xut hin m li th thc hin bc 2. BC 2: c cc gi tr trn my chn on (my TEST). o Kt ni my chn on vi gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIIM. o Bt cng tc my v my chn on ON. o Chn cng tc my ( hin trn mn hnh my chn on). ECU chng trmB phn kim tra Cng tc my Tn hiu trn my chn on Tn hiu cng tc my ON/ OFF iu kin hot ng bnh thng ON: Cha kha v tr ON hoc khi ng. OFF: Cha kha v tr kha hoc ACC

Nu c tn hiu th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng c tn hiu th thc hin bc 3. BC 3: Kim tra cu ch.

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o Tho cu ch ECU-IG.o o in tr. in tr tiu chun phi di 1.

o Lp li cu ch. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th cu ch. Nu cn tt th thc hin bc k tip. BC 4: Kim tra dy in v gic ni. o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm. o Bt cng tc my ON. o o gi tr in p. in p tiu chunGic kim tra D26-9(IG)-mt iu kin tiu chunchun 11-14 V

o Gn li gic ni ca ECU chng trm. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm.

E) Mch in n ch bo an ninh: 1. S mch in:

2. Phng php

kim tra:

BC 1: Kim tra hot ng ca n ch bo an ninh bi my chn on.o Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM.

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o Bt cng tc my v my chn on ON. o Chn n ch bo an ninh hin trn mn hnh my chn on. ECU chng trmB phn n ch bo an ninh Chi tit kim tra n sng/ tt

Nu n ch bo an ninh cn tt th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu n ch bo an ninh hng th thc hin bc 2. BC 2: Kim tra cm n ch bo an ninh. o Tho gic ni D25 ca n ch bo an ninh. o Cung cp dng in ti cc chn ca n ch bo an ninh v kim tra hot ng. Tnh trng hot ng ca nCch thc hin Cc (+) c quy chn 2 Cc (-) c quy chn 6 Trng thi qui nh n sng ln

o Kt ni li gic ni. Nu n b hng th thay th n ch bo an ninh. Nu cn hot ng tt th thc hin bc 3. BC 3: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v n ch bo an ninh). o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm v D25 ca n ch bo an ninh. o o in tr. in tr tiu chunGic kim tra D26-29(IND)- D25-2 D26-29(IND) mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 10 k hoc cao hn

o Gn li gic ni D26 v D25. Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in hoc gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thc hin bc 4. BC 4: Kim tra dy in v gic ni (n ch bo an ninh v mt). o Tho gic ni D25 ca n ch bo an ninh. o o gi tr in tr.

Gic kim tra D25-6 mt

iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in ca gic ni. Nu ng gi tr tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm. F) Mch in cng tc ca khoang hnh l: 1. M t: Cng tc ca khoang hnh l c m ra bng cha kha.

2. S mch in:

3. Phng php kim tra: BC 1: c gi tr ca my chn on. o Kt ni my chn on ti gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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51

o Chn cng tc m khoang hnh l trn mn hnh my chn on. ECU chng trmTnh trng hot ng Kha ca M ca Tn hiu kim tra Tn hiu OFF Tn hiu ON

Nu ng tn hiu th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng ng tn hiu th thc hin tip bc 2. BC 2: Kim tra cm cng tc m khoang hnh l. o Tho gic ni N4. o o gi tr in tr. in tr tiu chunGic kim tra 12 12 Tnh trng ng M iu kin tiu chun 10 k hoc cao hn Di 1

o Gn li gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th cm cng tc m khoang hnh l. Nu tt th thc hin bc 3. BC 3: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v cm cng tc m khoang hnh l). o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm v N4 ca cng tc m khoang hnh l. o o in tr. in tr tiu chun

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o Gn li gic ni cho ECU chng trm v cng tc m khoang hnh l. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng gi tr tiu chun th thc hin bc k tip. BC 4: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ca (cng tc m khoang hnh l viGic kim tra N4-2 - mt D26-6( LSR)- N2-2 iu kin tiu chun 10 k hoc cao hn Di 1

mt). o Tho gic N4

ca cng tc m khoang hnh l. o o gi tr in tr. in tr tiu chun

o Gn li gic ni ca cng tc m khoang hnh l. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hay thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu cn tt th thay th ECU chng trm.Gic kim tra N4-1 - mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1

G) Mch in kim tra ngun cung cp cho ECU chng trm: 1. S mch in:

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2. Phng php kim tra: BC 1: Kim tra cu ch ( cu ch DOME v ECU-B). o Tho cu ch ECU-B v cu ch DOME t hp ni R/B trong khoang ng c.o o in tr. in tr tiu chun: di 1 .

Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th cu cu ch. Nu cn tt th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 2: Kim tra ECU chng trm. o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm. o o in p tiu chun. in p tiu chun

Gic kim tra D26-11 (+B1) - D26-16 (E) D26-13 (+B2) - D26-16 (E)

iu kin tiu chun 11 - 14 V 11 - 14 V

Nu ng gi

tr tiu chun th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thc hin bc tip theo. BC 3: Kim tra dy in v gic ni. o Tho gic ni D26 ca ECU chng trm.

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o o in p tiu chun. in p tiu chunGic kim tra D26-11 (+B1) mt D26-13 (+B2) - mt iu kin tiu chun 11 - 14 V 11 - 14 V

o o in tr tiu chun in tr tiu chunGic kim tra D26-16 (E) mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1

o Gn li cc gic ni. Nu khng ng gi tr tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng gi tr tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm. H) Mch in cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. 1. S mch in:

2. Phng php kim tra: BC 1: Kim tra m li: o Kt ni my chn on vi gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. o Bt cng tc my v my chn on ON.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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o Xa m li. o Kim tra m li B1269 mc d n lp li sau 10 giy hoc hn. Nu pht hin li th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng pht hin li th thc hin bc 2. BC 2: c cc gi tr trn my chn on. o Kt ni my chn on vi gic kim tra DLC3 qua b ni CAN VIM. o Bt cng tc my v my chn on ON. o Chn cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha hin trn mn hnh my chn on. ECU chng trmB phn Hin th trn my chn on Tn hiu ON hoc OFF Tnh trng bnh thng ON: Khi cha kha cm vo kha OFF: Khi cha kha ly ra khi kha

Cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha

Nu cn tt th xem bng chn on h hng. Nu khng c tn hiu th thc hin bc 3. BC 3: Kim tra cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. o Tho cm cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. o o in tr tiu chun. in tr tiu chunGic kim tra 12 1-2 Tnh trng Nhn ON Nhn OFF Thng s chun Di 1 10 k hoc cao hn

o Lp li cm cng tc ny. Nu khng ng tiu chun th thay th cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. Nu ng gi tr tiu chun th thc hin bc 4. BC 4: Kim tra dy in v gic ni ( ECU chng trm v cng tc m kha bng cha).

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o Tho gic ni D26, D19 ca ECU chng trm v cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. o o in tr. in tr tiu chun o Lp li cc gic ni. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th dy in v gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thc hin bc 5. BC 5: Kim tra dy in v gic ni (cngGic kim tra D26-7 (KSW) (D19-1) D26-7 (KSW) mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1 10 k hoc cao hn

tc cnh bo m kha bng cha vi mt). o Tho gic ni D19 ca

cng tc cnh bo m kha bng cha. o o in tr tiu chun. in tr tiu chun o Gn li gic ni D19. Nu khng ng tiu chun th sa cha hoc thay th gic ni. Nu ng tiu chun th thay th ECU chng trm.

V. Gii thiu v cc h thng chng trm hin i trn t:Gic kim tra D19-2 mt iu kin tiu chun Di 1

1. H thng chng trm s dng du vn tay:

a) Nguyn l hot ng: H thng chng trm ny s dng u c vn ta x l hnh nh vn tay ca ngi s dng thnh mu vn tay. Mu vn tay ny c chuyn i thnh cc tn hiu v d liu nhn dng ngi s dng (cha n 2 giy). Khi nhn dng c ngi s dng, b iu khin s truyn tn hiu cho php ng c c hot ng.

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b) Chc nng: Ngn tay ch: vi ngn tay ny s cho php khi ng ng c. Ngoi

ra, ngn ch ng ny cn dng ng k hay xa b cc vn tay khc. Ngn tay vin: dng khi ng ng c.

Ngn bo ng: ch ny, h thng chng trm c thit lp tr li, ng khng hot ng. c) Cc thng s k thut: 1. Thi gian ti a phn tch vn tay khng qu .... 2 giy 2. S vn tay ti a c th lu trong b nh ..... 10 vn tay 3. Khong nhit lm vic cho php .... t - 40C n +85C 4. m khng kh tng i nhit 25C l .... 98% d) u im: Bo v khi s cp xe: y l ch bo v c bit ca h thng, c kch hot ti thi im khng nh quyn iu khin xe ca ngi s dng, nu mu vn tay c a vo my qut l ngn bo ng th thit b lm vic ch chun, xe sn sang ln bnh. Tuy nhin, 5 pht sau khi kch hot ch ny, cng nh mi ln bt cng tc my th h thng s iu khin khng cho ng c hot ng. Kim sot s m ca xe: Nu ca xe b m qu 2 giy v sau chn phanh c nhn xung th h thng s s dng m thanh v n bo yu cu khng nh quyn s dng xe (nhp mu vn tay). Tip theo, h thng s lm vic bnh thng ch chun nu nhn dng ng mu vn tay, nu khng nhn dng c mu vn

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tay hay mu vn tay khng ng th h thng s iu khin ng c ngng hot ng. 2. H thng chng trm bng thit b v tuyn cm tay: a) Cu to:

Thit b v tuyn cm tay:

- Bn knh hot ng 1,5m: Khi khong cch gia thit b v tuyn cm tay v khi iu khin hn 1,5m th khi iu khin s khng nhn c tn hiu t thit b v tuyn cm tay. - Lun lun c mang theo trong ngi ca ngi iu khin xe.

Khi iu khin:

- c gn lin theo xe, c tc dng s ngt mch ng c khng hot ng nu khng nhn c m nhn dng duy nht t thit b v tuyn cm tay trong thi gian 17 giy (tnh t lc bt kha in) v ngc li s cho php ng c tip tc "vn hnh" nu nhn c m nhn dng ng t thit b v tuyn cm tay. - Thit b v tuyn cm tay v khi iu khin ch c mt m nhn dng duy nht. Rle: - L thit b dng iu khin s hot ng ca ng c ca t, xe my.

b) u im:Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Chng trm:

Nu khng phi l ch nhn ca xe m c tnh dng cha kho khi ng xe th ng c ca xe s ngng hot ng trong vng 17 giy (tnh t lc bt kha in) nu khi iu khin khng tm thy tn hiu ca thit b v tuyn cm tay. Chng cp: Xe ang "vn hnh" th b cp xe: Khi chn phanh c nhn xung th khi iu khin bt u lin lc vi thit b cm tay, nu khng lin lc c vi thit b cm tay th trong vng 17 giy ng c ca xe s ngng hot ng.

VI. S mch in:1. Camry 2005: Khi h thng chng trm c thit lp, nu c bt k hnh ng no nh: m khoang hnh l, cc ca ca xe, np m khoang ng c (khng s dng cha kha ca xe) th tn hiu s gi v ECU ca xe v ECU chng trm qua cc chn LGTY, DCTY, PCTY, RCTY, LUG, DSWH . T y, ECU ng c v ECU chng trm s gi tn hu ti r le ci, ci chng trm pht ra m thanh bo ng, iu khin cc m t kha cc ca li, iu khin n bo an ninh nhp nhy bo hiu ang c trm.

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2. Ford EXPLORER 2005: Khi c bt k cha kha no c gn vo trong kha, hay m cc ca ca xe (m khng s dng ng cha kha) th ECU ng c (VEHICLE SECURITY MODULE) s gi tn hiu ti r le ci kch hot ci bo ng v iu khin kha cc ca.

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CHNG III: H THNG NH V TON CU GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM )I. Gii thiu v nh v ton cu:1. S lc v s pht trin ca h thng nh v ton cu: Theo Vanicek v Krakiwsky (1986), nh v l xc nh v tr ca cc vt th tnh hoc ng trong khng gian. Thng thng, v tr ca cc vt th c th c xc nh trong mt h to khng gian ba chiu c nh ngha trc (gi l nh v im hay nh v tuyt i) hoc theo nhng im c to xc nh (gi l nh v tng i). Phng php nh v v tuyn c pht trin vo u nhng nm 40 l mt phng php cho kt qu nh v c chnh xc cao, phm v ng dng rng ri v c th hot ng trong mi iu kin thi tit. Phng php ny da trn cc sng v tuyn pht i xc nh ta trong khng gian. H thng nh v u tin c M xy dng trn b Bc i Ty Dng vi cc trm v tuyn t ri rc trn mt t trong mt khu vc rng ln. H thng ny c trin khai ng dng u tin cho qun i M trong chin tranh th gii th hai v sau tr thnh phng php cn bn cho s pht trin ca h thng nh v ton cu GPS. 2. H thng nh v v tuyn: H thng nh v trn mt t Trn phng din lch s, cc h thng nh v v tuyn trn mt t xut pht t h thng xc nh hng bng sng v tuyn, h thng ny c tn gi tt theo t ting Anh l RDF (Radio Direction Finding ). H thng nh v ny hot ng trn mt nguyn l chung l dng sng v tuyn pht ra t nhng trm t ti nhng v tr bit trc ta trn mt t xc nh ta ca nhng im cha bit. H thng RDF da trn nguyn l hot ng tng i d hiu. Mt cch n gin, trn mt v tr bit trc ta , mt trm pht c dng pht i cc tn hiu v tuyn. Ti v tr cn xc nh ta . mt anten nh hng c dng xc nh mt Bearing (compass sightings) ti trm v tuyn. Gc

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Bearing l gc hp bi phng ca ng thng i qua v tr cn xc nh v v tr t trm vi mt phng chun c th (thng c chn l hng Bc a l). Qu trnh c lp li i vi cc trm khc tip theo xc nh cc gc Bearing tng ng t im ti cc trm ny. Ta ca im cn xc nh l giao im ca hai ng thng n t hai trm khc nhau.

Hnh 1. Xc nh ta qua cc gc Bearing H thng nh v tinh H thng nh v ton cu s dng cc c im ca sng v tuyn pht i xc nh ta . Khng ging nh cc h thng nh v s dng cc trm pht trn mt t trc y, cc trm pht t trn v tinh thng bao ph tri t vi chnh xc cao hn cc trm trn mt t. Cc v tinh pht cc thng tin nh thi, thng tin v v tr v thng tin v tnh trng ca v tinh. Mng khng gian (Space Segment) l mt thut ng k thut ch cc v tinh nm trong h thng. Ngi s dng cn mt my thu v tuyn c bit (my thu GPS) thu tn hiu v tuyn pht t v tinh. My thu cha mt my tnh c bit tnh v tr t tn hiu v tinh. S ngi s dng h thng ti mt thi im l khng gii hn. Ngi s dng vi my thu ca h c gi l mng ngi s dng (User segment). Cc v tinh c iu khin v gim st t cc trm trn mt t (Control segment). Trm iu khin gim st chnh xc v tnh trng ca mi v tinh. Cc lnh vn hnh, thng s qu o v cc hiu chnh thi gian c truyn n cc v tinh t cc trm iu khin theo mt chu k nht nh.

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Ngun tn hiu cung cp thng tin nh v c chnh xc cao hn c dnh ring cho qun i mi nc v ngun c chnh xc thp hn c cung cp min ph cho cc ng dng trong dn s.

II. H thng nh v ton cu GPS:1. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng GPS: H thng nh v ton cu GPS bao gm 3 phn l :

+Phn khng gian. +Phn iu khin. +Phn s dng. a) Phn khng gian (space segment): Phn khng gian gm 24 v tinh (21 v tinh hot ng v 3 v tinh d phng) nm trn cc qu o xoay quanh tri t. Chng cch mt t 20.200 km, bn knh qu o 26.600 km. Chng chuyn ng n nh v quay hai vng qu o trong khong thi gian gn 24 gi vi vn tc 7 nghn dm mt gi. Cc v tinh trn qu o c b tr u trn 6 mt phng qu o nghing vi xch o mt gc 55o v mi qu o cch nhau 60o (hnh 2). Vic b tr ny nhm mc ch ti mi thi im v mi v tr trn tri t cc my thu GPS trn mt t u c th quan st c ti thiu 4 v tinh.Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Cc v tinh c cung cp bng nng lng Mt Tri. Chng c cc ngun pin d phng duy tr hot ng khi chy khut vo vng khng c nh sng Mt Tri. Cc tn la nh gn mi qu v tinh gi chng bay ng qu o nh. Phn khng gian c nhim v nhn cc thng tin t trm iu khin trn mt t v pht i cc tn hiu v tuyn nh v c tn s khong 1.5 Ghz. Tn hiu ny cha cc d liu nh v c trm iu khin t mt t truyn n. b) Phn iu khin (control segment): Mc ch trong phn ny l kim sot v tinh i ng hng theo qu o v thng tin thi gian chnh xc. Phn iu khin c 8 trm c t ri rc trn mt t: 4 trm kim sot v 1 trm trung tm v cc trm hiu chnh s liu khc. Bn trm kim sot (Monitor Station) hot ng mt cch t ng c t ti Hawaii, Kwajalein (Thi Bnh Dng), o Ascension (i Ty Dng), Diego Garcia (n Dng). Bn trm kim sot ny nhn tn hiu lin tc t nhng v tinh v gi cc thng tin ny n trm kim sot trung tm. Trm kim sot trung tm (Master control station). C nhim v hiu chnh li d liu cho ng v kt hp vi hai ng-ten khc gi li thng tin cho cc v tinh thng qua cc trm hiu chnh s liu. Trm trung tm c truy cp t cc ng-ten mt t ca U.S. Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) Schriever Air Force Base 25 km pha ng (ng nam) ca Colorado Springs, do 2 SOPS (2nd Space Operations Squadron) ca U.S. Air Force vn hnh v cc trm hiu chnh s liu NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency) c vn hnh Anh, Argentina, Ecuador, Bahrain, c v Washington DC..

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Trm trung tm lin lc thng xuyn vi mi v tinh GPS thng qua vic cp nht lin tc bng cch s dng cc ng-ten mt t chuyn dng t bn trm kim sot. Sau , cc thng tin cp nht ny c ng b ha vi ng h nguyn t (t trn mi v tinh) trong vng mt vi phn t giy hiu chnh lch thin vn (m hnh qu o) bn trong mi v tinh. Vic ny c thc hin bi b lc Kalman s dng cc tn hiu/thng tin t cc trm hiu chnh s liu trn mt t, thng tin thi tit, khng gian...

c) Phn s dng (user segment): C chc nng thu thp d liu t cc v tinh tnh ra to ca chng da vo cc thng tin m chng nhn c t trong cc tn hiu m n quan trc c trn mi v tinh. Phn s dng bao gm cc my thu tn hiu t v tinh trn t lin, my bay v tu thy. Cc my thu ny phn lm 2 loi: my thu 1 tn s v my thu 2 tn s. My thu 1 tn s ch nhn c cc m pht i vi sng mang L1. Cc my thu 2 tn s nhn c c 2 sng mang L1 v L2. Cc tn hiu GPS c s dng hon ton min ph trong dn dng. Cc c nhn, n v, t chc trn khp th gii nu c my thu GPS th u c th s dng tn hiu ny. Phn s dng GPS c th c coi gm 3 b phn chnh: Phn cng Phn mm Phn trin khai cng nghTrng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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Phn cng: bao gm my thu mch in t , cc b dao ng tn s v tuyn RF (Radio Friquency), cc ngten v cc thit b ngoi vi cn thit hot ng my thu. Phn mm: bao gm nhng chng trnh tnh ton dng x l d liu c th, chuyn i nhng thng bo GPS thnh nhng thng tin nh v hoc dn ng i hu ch. Phn trin khai cng ngh: hng ti mi lnh vc lin quan n GPS nh: ci tin thit k my thu, phn tch v m hnh ha hiu ng ca ngten khc nhau, hiu ng truyn sng v s phi hp ca chng trong phn mm x l s liu, pht trin cc h thng lin kt truyn thng mt cch tin cy cho cc hot ng nh v GPS c ly di v ngn khc nhau 2. c im v cu trc tn hiu GPS: a) c im tn hiu GPS: Cc v tinh GPS pht ra hai tn hiu v tuyn di L1 v L2. (di L l phn sng cc ngn tri rng t 0,39 ti 1,55 GHz). GPS dn s dng tn s L1= 1575.42 MHz trong di UHF. Tn hiu truyn trc th, c ngha l chng s xuyn qua my, thu tinh v nha nhng khng qua phn ln cc i tng cng nh ni v nh. L1 cha hai m "gi ngu nhin PRN (pseudo random Noise), l m chnh xc P (Protected) v m truy cp th C/A (Coarse/Acquisition ), cn L2 ch cha mi m P. Mi mt v tinh c mt m truyn dn nht nh, cho php my thu GPS nhn dng c tn hiu. Mc ch ca cc m tn hiu ny l tnh ton khong cch t v tinh n my thu GPS.

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Ngoi ra, tn hiu GPS cha cc mu thng tin khc nhau l: m gi ngu nhin, d liu thin vn v d liu lch. _M gi ngu nhin (m C/A v P): n gin ch l m nh danh xc nh c qu v tinh no l pht thng tin no. C th nhn s hiu ca cc qu v tinh trn trang v tinh ca my thu Garmin bit n nhn c tn hiu ca qu no (hnh). _D liu thin vn: cho my thu GPS bit qu v tinh ang u trn qu o ti mi thi im trong ngy. Mi qu v tinh pht ra d liu thin vn ch ra thng tin qu o ca chng v ca cc v tinh khc trong h thng. _D liu bn lch v tinh: c pht u n bi ng h nguyn t trong mi qu v tinh, cha thng tin quan trng v trng thi ca v tinh (tt hay khng), ngy gi hin ti... b) Cu trc tn hiu GPS: Cc ng h nguyn t trn mi v tinh c dng to ra mt dao ng c bn vi tn s l f0=10.23MHz. Cc sng mang L1, L2 v m gi khong cch c to ra t tn s c bn ny bng cc mch nhn /chia tn hiu nh sau: _Tn s L1: f L1 = 154f0 = 1575.42MHz (tng ng vi bc sng: f L1 19cm).L2 L1

=c/

_Tn s L2: f L2 = 120f0 = 1227.3MHz (tng ng vi bc sng:L2

=c/f

24cm). M C/A: l mt chui cc bit 1 c tn s bng f0/10. . M C/A c s

dng ch yu xc nh m P v dng cho dch v nh v chun. M P: l mt chui cc bit 1 c tn s chnh bng f0 v chu k lp li

ca m ny l 7 ngy v y l m gi khong cch dng cho dch v nh v chnh xc. _Bn lch v tinh: l cc bit d liu cha cc thng tin ca v tinh. Lung bit d liu ny c tn s rt thp (50Hz). Cc m gi khong cch v d liu bn lch c iu ch trn cc knh sng mang truyn n my thu ngi s dng theo s nguyn l sau:

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Hnh 5: Cu trc tn hiu GPS.

Hnh 6: Cu trc d liu v tinh GPS. M nhiu gi ngu nhin C/A v P c to ra t cc thanh ghi dch c hi tip nh sau: G1 = 1+x3+x10 G2=1+x2+x3+x6+x8+x9+x10

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Hnh 7: Phng php to m nhiu gi ngu nhin C/A. Thanh ghi G2 c tt c 32 cp t bo khc nhau (1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-6, 1-8...), tng ng vi 32 m gi ngu nhin C/A trong h thng. Ti mi xung ng h (1.023 Mhz), cc bit trong thanh ghi c chuyn sang u ra (bn phi thanh ghi) v mt gi tr mi c a vo u vo (bn tri thanh ghi) bi b cng nh phn tng hp (modulo-2). Kt hp khc nhau cc kt qu u ra ca thanh ghi G2 khi thm vo u ra ca G1 s dn n cc m khc nhau. M P cng c to ra theo mt nguyn tc tng t nh m C/A nhng s dng n 4 b thanh ghi. Cc bc sng ca m ny di gp 10 ln so vi m C/A (gn bng f0) v chu k lp li ca m ny l khong mt tun (Lp li vo mi ti th 7). Ngoi ra, m P cn c m ha thng qua m W (m b mt) kt hp to thnh m Y c s dng cho mc ch qun s. M ny c th xuyn qua cc vt th rn nh ni, nh.... c) Thng tin t bn lch v tinh: Thng tin nh v GPS bao gm cc bit d liu (n v thng tin) c gn vi mc thi gian xc nh. Cc bit ny lm du thi gian truyn ca mi khung con ti thi im chng c v tinh truyn i. Mt khung d liu cha 1500 bit c pht i sau mi 30 giy.

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Mi khung d liu c chia thnh 5 khung con v c pht i mi 6 giy, trong : + Khung con th nht gi i thng tin v d liu ca ng h v tinh. + khung con th 2 v 3 gi i cc tp d liu qu o v tinh chnh xc (thng s d liu bn lch). + Khung con 4 v 5 c s dng pht i cc trang khc nhau ca d liu h thng. + Mi mt khung con cha mi thng s bn lch dng m t qu o v tinh. Mi thng s qu o cha 30 bit v c pht i trong vng 0.6 giy. Mt thng ip nh v hon chnh bao gm 25 khung d liu (125 khung con) cha 37500 bit v c pht i trong mt chu k l 12.5 pht (hnh 8). Ngoi ra, trc khi tin hnh quan trc, my thu cn phi c mt khong thi gian khi ng va c th c c y d liu bn lch. V vy, d liu gn ng c my thu s dng xc nh trc v tr xp x v dch tn s (Doppler sng mang) do s thay i khong cch lc v tinh di chuyn gy nn.

Hnh 8: Cu trc d liu trong bn lch v tinh.

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III. Nguyn l nh v GPS:1. Nguyn l: Cc v tinh GPS bay vng quanh Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu o nht nh v pht tn hiu c thng tin (sng mang v cc m nhiu gi) xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn thng tin ny v bng php tnh lng gic c th tnh c chnh xc v tr ca ngi dng. V bn cht, my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi thi gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinh bao xa. Ri vi nhiu khong cch o c ti nhiu v tinh m my thu c th tnh c v tr ca ngi dng v hin th ln bn in t ca my. My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba v tinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu (kinh v v ) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht 4 v tinh th my thu c th tnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh , v v cao). Mt khi v tr ngi dng tnh c th my thu GPS c th tnh cc thng tin khc, nh tc , hng chuyn ng, bm st di chuyn, khong hnh trnh, qung cch ti im n v nhiu th khc na. Nguyn l nh v ca GPS c da trn cc c s ton hc sau: C s hnh hc: _ Gi s rng khong cch t my thu n v tinh th nht l d1, iu y c ngha l my thu nm u trn mt cu c tm l v tinh th nht v bn knh mt cu l d1. _Tng t nu ta bit khong cch t my thu n v tinh th 2 l d2 th v tr my thu c xc nh nm trn ng giao tip ca hai mt cu (hnh 6). _Nu bit c khong cch t my thu n v tinh th 3 th ta c th xc nh c v tr my thu l mt trong hai giao im ca ca ng trn trn vi mt cu th 3. Trong haiTrng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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giao im c mt giao im c loi b bng phng php ni suy nn im cn li l im cn xc nh (hnh 7). _Tuy nhin, do cc sai s v thi gian khi GPS truyn tn hiu t v tinh n my thu nn phi c thm mt v tinh th t. Do , c n 4 n s cn phi gii (X, Y, Z, t) tng ng vi 4 phng trnh vi khong cch n 4 v tinh . Phng trnh c tnh ton nh sau: C s v mt i s: _ Mt cch khc hiu r hn v c ch nh v v tinh, ta xt phng trnh phng trnh ton hc c xem l c s ca phng php nh v qua v tinh. Phng trnh ny c xy dng trn nh l Pythagor nh sau:PRS +T + Es =

(X

Xs ) + (Y Ys ) + ( Z Zs ) 22 2

Trong : _ X,Y,Z l ta (v tr) cn xc nh. _ T: sai s ti ng h my thu. _ Xs, Ys, Zs: ta ca v tinh.( Cc ta ny c tnh thng qua cc thng tin t bn lch c pht trn mi v tinh). _ Es: Tng sai s c xc nh t cc m hnh sai s gn lin vi h thng (sai s tng in ly, tng i lu, sai s t ng h v tinh, my thu...). _ PRN: khong cch xp x t v tinh ti my thu. _ Trong phng trnh ny c 4 n cha bit l X,Y,Z v T. xc nh 4 n s ta cn t nht 4 phng trnh. Theo l thuyt i s th y l mt bi ton bnh phng ti thiu chun. 2. Cng thc: xc nh khong cch t my thu n v tinh ta c th s dng cng thc sau: d=C.t Trong :Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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C: L vn tc lan truyn sng in t v c tnh bng tc nh sng. t: L tr o ca s sai khc v thi gian gia m khi pht t v tinh v m nhn c ti ng-ten my thu.Vi t c tnh nh sau:t = T (b ) t (a )

Trong :T (b ) :

l thi gian GPS c o bng ng h my thu ti thi

im my thu nhn c tn hiu.t (a ) :

L thi gian GPS c o bng ng h v tinh ti thi im

v tinh pht tn hiu. _ Mt khc, xt theo khong cch t v tinh th i ti my thu, ta c th vit li biu thc trn nh sau.c.ti = i + c.( dt i dT )

Trong : C: Vn tc nh sng. : Khong cch t v tinh th i ti my thu. idi t

: lch ng h trn v tinh th i.

dT : lch trn ng h my thu.

_Cc v tinh GPS c t trn qu o rt chnh xc v bay quanh tri t mt vng trong 11gi 58 pht ngha l cc v tinh GPS bay qua cc trm kim sot 2 ln trong mt ngy. Cc trm kim sot c trang b cc thit b tnh ton chnh xc tc , v tr, cao ca cc v tinh v truyn tr li v tinh cc thng tin . Khi mt v tinh i qua trm kim sot th bt k s thay i no trn qu o cng c th xc nh c. _Nhng nguyn nhn ca s thay i chnh l sc ht ca mt tri, mt trng, p sut bc x mt tri...vv. V tinh s truyn cc thng tin v v tr ca n i vi tm tri t n cc my thu GPS (cng vi cc tn hiu v thi gian). _Cc my thu GPS s s dng cc thng tin ny vo trong tnh ton xc nh v tr, to ca n theo cc kinh v v ca tri t. M hnh ton

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hc ca tri t c dng trong h thng GPS c gi l h trc a ton cu WGS-84 (World Geodetic System 1984).

IV. My thu GPS:1. Phn loi my thu: C 3 cch phn loi my thu GPS nh sau : Phn loi theo cu trc.

Phn loi theo c ch hot ng. Phn loi theo ng dng . a) Phn loi theo cu trc:

My thu tun t:

My thu tun t l loi my thu s dng mt hoc hai knh v tuyn (phn cng) thc hin quan trc cc v tinh ring l mt cch tun t. Cc my thu ny c gi thnh r nht trong tt c cc loi my thu do mch phn cng n gin. Tuy nhin, y l loi my thu c chnh xc km nht v n khng th quan trc v tinh c khi di chuyn vi tc cao.

My thu lin tc:

My thu lin tc l loi my thu vi phn cng c thit k s knh v tuyn n c th thc hin quan trc lin tc tt c cc v tinh xut hin trn bu tri ti mi thi im. Loi my thu ny c u th hn hn cc loi my thu c cu trc khc. thc hin quan trc lin tc loi my ny yu cu ti thiu phi c 4 knh v tuyn phn cng. Mt my thu 5 knh c th thc hin quan trc lin tc 4 knh v c thng ip bn lch t knh th 5 v vic cp nht c s d liu v cc thng s qu o v tinh trn my thu phi c gi lin tc. Mt my thu 6 knh c th c thng ip bn lch, quan trc 4 v tinh v gi mt knh d phng cho trng hp mt trong 4 knh b mt vi mt l do no . Mt my thu quan trc ton b (All in view receiver) s phi c s knh v tuyn phn cng (thng l 12 knh) kha vi cc v tinh m n xut hin trn bu tri ti mt thi im bt k. My thu ghp knh (Multiplex):

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My thu ghp knh hot ng ging nh mt my thu tun t trong n thc hin chuyn mch gia cc knh v tinh quan trc c. iu khc bit l loi my thu ny thc hin vi mt tc mu rt nhanh (xp x 50 Hz) v c th quan trc c nhiu v tinh hn my thu tun t. Tuy nhin, c ch hot ng ny vn thp hn my thu lin tc do n khng th tch hp c ton b cng sut tri ph c pht ca cc v tinh. b) Phn loi theo c ch hot ng:

My thu tng quan m:

My thu nh v theo m gi khong cch l loi my thu c pht trin t th h u tin gn lin vi cng ngh nh v v tinh. Loi my thu ny xc nh khong cch gia ng-ten my thu v v tinh bng cch tnh tng quan m gi khong cch..

My thu s dng tng quan pha sng mang:

My thu nh v theo pha sng mang ra i sau loi my thu nh v trn m gi khong cch. Loi my thu ny s dng cc tr o pha sng mang xc nh khong cch t ng-ten my thu ti v tinh. Vi vic s dng cc tr pha ny, chnh xc ca php dnh v c th t c di mc centimet. Loi my thu ny ch thch hp cho cc ng dng trong o c yu cu chnh xc cao nh trong cc ng dng o c trc a v lm bn .

Phn loi theo s lng tn s quan trc:

Cc my thu GPS c phn thnh 2 loi: my thu 1 tn s (single frequency) v my thu hai tn s (Dual- frequency). Cc my thu mt tn s ch quan trc c sng mang L1 trong khi my thu 2 tn s quan trc trn c hai sng mang L1 v L2. Cc my thu 2 tn s ch yu c thit k cho cc loi my thu nh v trn s tng quan m pha sng mang. S kt hp d liu trn hai tn s L 1 v L2 cho php my thu hai tn s loi b c cc nh hng ca tng in ly. Loi my thu ny cho chnh xc cao hn rt nhiu so vi loi my thu mt tn s. c) Phn loi theo ng dng:

My thu cm tay:

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Loi my thu ny c c im l nh gn, s dng ngun pin v c mn hnh hin th. Mn hnh hin th thng l LCD v loi mn hnh ny tiu hao nng lng thp v c th hin th ch s hoc ha. ng-ten c th c tch hp bn trong hoc gn bn ngoi thit b.

My thu xc nh hnh dng:

Loi my thu ny dng xc nh cc v tr 3 chiu ca mt i tng i vi tri t. Loi my thu ny s dng nhiu ng-ten v v tr tng i ca chng c bit trc.

My thu dng trong hng khng:

Cc loi my thu ny chuyn dng trong vic dn ng hng khng v c th hin thi bn hng khng. chnh xc ph thuc vo tng loi phng tin m my thu gn kt trn . Cc my thu c thit k cho cc ng dng hng khng thng thng, khng s dng bt k loi hiu chnh no nn chnh xc khng cao. i vi cc my thu tch hp trong b dn ng trn cc my bay chuyn ch hnh khch c th c thit k s dng cc tn hiu biu chnh din hp lm tng chnh xc cho h thng dn ng gip cho vic h cnh t ng.

My thu n ng cc phng tin ng b:

Cc my thu ny c gn trn xe hi, xe ti, tu la. Mc ch ca cc my thu ny c th khc nhau ty thuc vo cc ng dng. Cc my thu dng trong xe hi thng c dng dn ng cho ti x hoc gi cc v tr ca mt xe hi ti trung tm p ng cc tnh trng khn cp trong trng hp c tai nn,

My thu thu thp d liu v lm bn :

Cc my thu ny c chc nng thu thp d liu v xut vo mt c s d liu bn ngoi. Cc my thu ny c chnh xc nh v tuyt i rt cao v chnh xc hiu chnh vi sai di 1 mt. Thng thng cc loi my thu ny c thit k gn vi mt my tnh nh phc v qu trnh thu thp d liu. Nhiu my tnh thu thp d liu ny c th np trc c cc th vin thuc tnh. Cc my thu ny c thit k cho ngi mang trn tay, ngun pin ngoi ph v anten c th gn c nh trn mt cc mang sau lng.

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Cc my thu hng hi:

Cc my thu ny c thit k cho vic dn ng hng hi, bao gm kh nng hin th cc bn hng hi v kt ni ti cc thit b nh v khc.

Cc my thu dng trong khng gian:

Cc my thu ny c s dng trn cc v tinh dn ng v xc nh cao ca v tinh. Chng c th c lm cng bng bc x v c mt chng trnh c bit cho php chng hot ng vn tc tng i cao trn qu o v tinh.

Cc my thu o c:

Cc my thu ny c thit k cho cc mc ch o c chnh xc trn mt t. Nhiu my thu loi ny c ng-ten bn ngoi v c t trn gi ba chn.

Cc my thu nh thi:

Cc my thu loi ny c thit k cho mc ch tham chiu thi gian v tn s. Trn cc my thu ny, v tr l thng tin th cp v thng khng c ngi s dng quan tm. Thi gian v tn s nhn c t my thu ny c n nh cao v c th kt hp vi mng gi th gii qua chun thi gian GPS. 2. S nguyn l v nhng b phn chnh ca my thu GPS: a) S nguyn l: My thu GPS l mt thit b thu v tuyn c bit, c chc nng tch v gii m tn hiu GPS (sng mang v cc m PRN) thnh cc dng s liu dng c nh l v tr, tc , thi gian... c im my thu ph thuc vo ng dng c thit k trn .

Hnh 8: S nguyn l ca my thu GPS. b) Cc b phn c bn ca mt my thu GPS:Trng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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ngten v b tin khuch i Phn tn s v tuyn (RF) B vi x l u thu hoc b iu khin v th hin Thit b ghi chp Ngun nng lng ngten v b tin khuch i: Cc ngten dng cho my thu GPS thuc loi chm sng rng , v vy khng cn phi hng ti ngun tn hiu ging nh cc a ngten v tinh . Phn tn s v tuyn: Bao gm cc vi mch in t x l tn hiu v kt hp s ha v gii tch. Phn tn s v tuyn: bao gm cc knh truy cp cc tn hiu GPS nhn c, s lng cc knh bin i trong khong t 1 n 12 tu theo nhng my thu khc nhau. B iu khin: Cho php ngi iu hnh can thip vo b vi x l. Kck thc v kiu dng ca b iu khin cc loi my thu khc nhau cng khc nhau. Thit b ghi: Ngi ta dng my ghi bng t hoc cc a mm ghi cc tr s quan trc v nhng thng tin hu ch khc c tch ra t nhng tin hiu thu c Ngun nng lng: Phn ln cc my thu u dng ngun in mt chiu in p thp, ch c mt vi my i hi phi c ngun in xoay chiu. 3. Cu trc my thu: My thu GPS c cu trc gm mt b thu tn hiu v tinh v mt b vi iu khin c tch hp x l v tnh ton s liu. Hu ht cc b thu GPS u c c im ging nh cc my thu tn hiu cao tn thng dng. Trong c hai loi knh thu tn hiu c s dng trong thc t l knh tng quan v knh cu phng. Mi b thu ch s dng mt trong hai loi knh ny. Knh tng quan

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Knh tng quan m bao gm hai khi chc nng chnh: vng lp kha m v vng lp kha pha. Vng lp kha m c dng xc nh cc tr o da trn s tng quan m C/A hoc m P v tch d liu bn lch v tinh t m nhiu gi ngu nhin; vng lp kha pha dng gii iu ch thng ip nh v t cc sng mang (L1 v L2).

Hnh 9: S khi knh tng quan. Knh cu phng Knh cu phng ch dng o pha sng mang do cc dng m v thng ip dn ng b trit tiu khi thc hin bnh phng tn hiu theo nguyn l hot ng ca loi knh ny. Sng mang cha m Sng mang khng cha m

B trn

B lc thng di B dao ng ni

B trn

Sng mang khng cha m

B nhn tn s

B nhn tn s

Hnh 10: S khi knh cu phng

V. ng dng h thng nh v ton cu GPS trn t:1. M t h thng nh v ton cu GPS trn t ti Vit Nam: a) S cn thit ca vic ng dng h thng nh v ton cu GPS trn t:

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Ngy nay, cng vi s tin b vt bc ca khoa hoc k thut, vic ng dng h thng nh v ton cu GPS trn t (hay cn gi l hp en t) tr nn ph bin v dng nh l bt buc i vi mt s quc gia trn th gii. C hai l do m chng ta cn phi lp GPS cho xe t: th nht l phc v cho cng tc qun l xe ca ch xe v nh qun l, th hai l phc v cho cng vic gim st t xa v qun l ca cc c quan chc nng. Ti Vit Nam, k t ngy 1-7-2011, xe t ch khch chy vi c ly t 500 ki l mt tr ln v xe ko container cng bt buc phi gn thit b gim st hnh trnh, theo Ngh nh 91/2009/N-CP ca Chnh Ph. Vic lp t thit b GPS theo Ngh nh ny s c nhng thun li sau: + V pha cc doanh nghip: y s l mt cng c qun l ti x v phng tin hu hiu bn cnh cch qun l th cng nh truyn thng, n gip cho doanh nghip tit kim c chi ph v qun l khoa hc hn. + V pha cc c quan chc nng: n tng cng hiu qu gim st cho cc c quan qun l nh nc, gp phn gim thiu tai nn giao thng v hn ch tnh trng xe d, bn cc. b) M t v h thng GPS trn t (hp en t): Ngoi cc tnh nng dn ng v xc nh v tr xe ca h thng GPS nh nu trn th h thng GPS trn t (GPS Theo di v iu hnh) cn c ng dng mt lc nhiu cng ngh cao nh: h thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM (General Service Mobile), h thng v tuyn gi tng hp GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), h thng thng tin a l GIS (Geographic Information System ) v cng ngh internet... Cc h thng ny c tch hp chung vi h thng GPS trn mt thit b nht nh, c gi l Hp en t. Theo : mi hp en s c mt sim in thoi GSM v mt ng-ten GPS, ngten GPS s nhn tn hiu t v tinh GPS , v tinh ny s cho bit hp en ang v tr no (bao gm kinh v v ), sau hp en s truyn cc d liu ny v my ch (thng qua ng truyn GPRS trn sim in thoi), my ch s lu tr trn mng internet v vic cui cng l ch xe dng my tnh hoc

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in thoi di ng truy cp vo mng internet xem v tr cng nh trng thi hot ng ca xe. c) S khc v ging nhau gia h thng GPS trn t v GPS trn in thoi: Ging nhau: C hai loi GPS dnh cho t v GPS tch hp trong mt s in thoi u l GPS Navigator (GPS dn ng) v khng cn phi kt ni wifi hoc 3G s dng v sng GPS c chnh ph M cung cp min ph trong dn s. V cc thit b ny c sn 1 ng-ten GPS (hoc trn in thoi l GPS receiver) nhn tn hiu t v tinh. GPS s nh v v tr my thu (trn t hoc in thoi), sau s hng dn l trnh ngn nht hoc nhanh nht n im chn. GPS Navigator hot ng da trn phn mm c sn trong my hoc c ci trn in thoi di ng. Khc nhau: Do trn t c th s dng hai loi thit b GPS l: thit b GPS- Navigaton (GPS dn ng) v thit b GPS- Theo di v qun l xe. i vi loi GPSNavigation th c th s dng c cho c in thoi di ng v thit b ny ch c tnh nng n gin l dn ng. Cn vi thit b GPS- Qun l th kt cu phc tp hn v ch thch hp cho vic qun l xe mc d trn thit b c tch hp Sim in thoi v ng-ten GSM. Trong trng hp ny, in thoi c nhim v gip cho vic theo di v qun l xe ca ch phng tin c tt hn thng qua ng-ten GSM trn thit b. d) Phn loi cc thit b GPS trn t (hp en t) ti Vit Nam: Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi hp en dnh cho t, ty theo nhu cu v mc ch ca ngi s dng m chn loi ti u nht. Nu ch cn nh v bit phng tin ang u v di chuyn vi tc nh th no th ch cn s dng GPS tracker hoc GPS navigation (hnh 11), loi ny rt nh gn v c gi va phi, c th dng pin sc hoc dng ngun in ca xe. Nhng nu c nhu cu nhiu hn nh theo di tiu hao nhin liu, xem li l trnh xe i, thng k s ln vt tc , qua trm thu ph... th phi dng h thng GPS tracking (GPS-Theo di v iu hnh (hnh 12)), h thng nyTrng: HSPKT TPHCM GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

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gm c phn mm chuyn dng v cp nht bn mi lin tc, ch xe c th xem t xa xe ca mnh thng qua inernet hoc bng in thoi di ng ngay c khi ang nc ngoi, gi ca h thng ny dao ng t 4,9 triu ng n 6,1 triu ng/xe, ngoi ra ngi dng dch v phi ng ph lu tr trn internet hng nm t 800.000 ng n 1.100.000 ng/nm cho mi xe. Loi ny hin nay c cc hng vn ti v cng ty cho thu xe lp t nhiu nht. i vi cc cng ty vn ti hnh khch nh: xe but, xe khch cc tuyn lin tnh th c nhu cu lp thm camera chp hnh kim tra s lng hnh khch trong xe th s gn thm 1 camera chuyn dng chp hnh. Loi ny c gi dao ng t 10 triu n 12 triu ng/xe bao gm hp en v camera, ngoi ra ph dch v hng nm t 1,5 triu ng n 1,8 triu ng/nm/xe.

2. ng dng ca GPS trn t: a) H thng gim st phng tin giao thng (TRACKING.VN): Gi thiu v dch v TRACKING.VN: H thng qun l gim st phng tin giao thng tracking.vn s dng cng ngh nh v ton cu GPS qua v tinh bit c v tr hin ti v trng thi ca phng tin v tch hp thm sim in thoi GSM truyn thng tin v trung tm iu khin qua GPRS. H thng tracking.vn l h thng tch hp t cc h thng khc nhau v ng dng cc cng ngh tin tin nht qun l gim st phng tin giao thng: H thng nh v ton cu GPS.

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Cng ngh mng truyn tin khng dy dung GPRS. Cng ngh GIS: L cng ngh phn tch khng gian v hin th bn tri t.V tr phng tin c hin th trn nn bn gip quan st trc quan. Cng ngh GIS cng gip thc hin phn gii v tr ta (kinh /v ) thnh a ch lin lc dng s nh, ng ph, Phng/X, Huyn/L v Tnh/Thnh Ph.

H thng tng tc SMS:

L mt phng tin cung cp thng tin nhanh v hiu qu ti my di ng ca ngi s dng. H thng tng tc SMS cng gip chnh khch hng cung cp cc dch v gia tng khc cho cc i tng khch hng ca mnh. Hot ng ca h thng TRACKING.VN: thc hin qun l gim st phng tin giao thng cn cc thnh phn sau: Thit b GPS/GSM: l thit b nh v ton cu c h tr truyn tin qua

GPRS. Thit b ny c lp trn phng tin cn gim st v t ng truyn v tr v thng s ca phng tin v trung tm sau mi khong thi gian c nh cho trc. H thng Ghi nhn v phn tch thng tin: L mt cm my ch m

nhn chc nng ghi nhn cc thng s truyn v t thit b lp trn xe v phn tch x l, tng hp d liu a ra cc bo co thng k gip nh qun l, iu hnh ra quyt nh tt hn. Cm my ch v phn mm x l c cung cp v qun l bi cng ty cung cp dch v. H thng hin th v cung cp thng tin: L mt tp hp cc phn mm

c khai thc qua internet. Ngi s dng c cp ti khon truy cp chc nng h thng theo quyn hn c cp. Qua ngi s dng c th xem c v tr,vn tc, hng di chuyn v cc thng s hin ti ca phng tin cn gim st. Phn mm cng cung cp giao din tra cu cc cnh bo v cc thng k bo co v phng tin cn gim st. o Chc nng ca h thng TRACKING.VN: Gm 3 phn. Gim st trc tuyn phng tin giao thng:

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- Mi khch hng c cp mt ti khon chnh gim st ton b i xe.T ti khon chnh ny,khch hng cng c th t cp nhiu ti khon khc cho nhng ngi dng c chc nng khc nhau qun l gim st ton b hay mt phn i xe. - Khi ng nhp h thng theo ti khon cho trc, ngi iu hnh c th quan st c v tr ton b i xe trn bn s hoc nh v tinh vi hn 10 ngun bn khc nhau. - Mn hnh gim st s hin th chi tit trng thi chy/ ca thit b vi cc mu sc khc nhau ng thi hin th chi tit a ch v tr tng phng tin gip ngi iu hnh nhn bit ngay c trng thi v a im v tr phng tin.

Kim tra trng thi v tr phng tin mi lc mi ni qua tin nhn SMS. Ngi iu hnh c th dng in thoi di ng son tin nhn vi c php DDS v gi ti s tng i 8036. H thng s tr li v tr v trng thi ca xe. V d nh: Xe 67_1 lc 09:14:19 1/6/09: V tr: ang chy Trn ng QL34 -TT. Tnh Tc, H. Nguyn Bnh, T. Cao Bng Vn tc: 18 km/h Hng: ty. - Xem thng tin, trng thi hin thi ca phng tin bao gm v tr, vn tc, hng i, trng thi tt/m my, iu ha trn bn s khi ngi s dng nhn chut vo biu tng xe.

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- Gim st theo di phng tin di chuyn. Chc nng ny cho php ngi s dng theo di gim st phng tin di chuyn. Nu phng tin di chuyn bn s di chuyn theo m bo phng tin s lun hin th gia bn . Chc nng ny gip theo di gim st tng mt ng di chuyn ca phng tin. - Chc nng cnh bo gip ngi iu hnh c cc hnh ng phn ng thch hp iu hnh xe tt hn manh li hiu qu kinh t v li nhun. Tracking.vn h tr cc chc nng thng bo v cnh bo sau: 1. Thng bo n/tt my, iu ha hay ng m ca 2. Thng bo nng BEN, kt thc nng BEN. 3. Thng bo dng//bt u di chuyn. 4. Cnh bo khi li xe bm vo nt SOS. Mi thit b lp trn xe u c mt nt bm SOS b mt. Gp cc trng hp khn cp nh mt phanh, b cp, tai nn,li xe c th bm nt ny bo cho trung tm iu hnh bit tnh trng nguy him cn h tr. 5. Cnh bo mt ngun in chnh. Thng thng thit b lp trn phng tin c nui bng ngun in c quy +12/+24V. Nu ngun in ny b ngt thit b s thng bo cho h thng v h thng s hin cnh bo bo cho ngi iu hnh c bin php cp li ngun cho thit b. Chc nng ny nhm m thit b GPS lp trn xe lun c m bo ngun in cung cp hot ng n nh. 6. Cnh bo pin d phng yu. Khi mt ngun in chnh, thit b GPS s dng ngun d phng l PIN lithium. Pin ny c th cp in trong khong 6 gi. Nu Pin yu ch cn 30% dung lng, thit b s t ng cnh bo v trung tm vi tn xut 5 pht/ln . 7. Cnh bo chng trm xe l chc nng gip nh iu hnh pht hin cc rung ng bt thng ca phng tin. Trong thit b GPS c tch hp sn mt cm bin rung, nu phng tin v bi v chc nng ny c bt, bt k rung ng no ca xe qu 10 giy u c thit b gi v trung tm cnh bo. 8. Cnh bo vt tc . Khi phng tin di chuyn qu tc chophp (thng thng l 80km/h), h thng s t hin th cnh bo

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qu tc . V trong chc nng xem li hnh trnh, cc v tr qu tc s c mu d nhn bit. 9. Cnh bo vo/ra vng kim sot. Vng kim sot l vng hnh vung do ngi iu hnh nh du trn bn kim sot lch trnh ca phng tin. Thng thng vng kim sot l cc bi xe, bn hoc im dng tm thi ca phng tin. 10. Cnh bo qu thi gian cho php ti vng kim sot.Chc nng ny gip nh iu hnh kim sot c thi gian dng ca phng tin ti vng kim sot. Nu dng/ qu thi gian cho php, h thng s hin cnh bo trn mn hnh theo di v c th thng bo qua email hoc nhn tin sms n s in thoi ca ngi ph trch. 11. Ngoi ra h thng cn h tr mt s cnh bo khc ty theo tng loi xe chuyn bit nh ng/m thng xe, i sai l trnh quy nh. - Tm kim xe, a im, ng ph, gip ngi s dng tra cu nhanh hn.

- Xem li hnh trnh ca phng tin. Thng thng c 1 pht thit b GPS s gi v my ch thng s trng thi ca phng tin mt ln v my ch s x l ri lu tr cc thng tin ny li. V vy cui ngy, cui thng hoc bt k khi no ngi s dng u c th vo trang web v xem li hnh trnh ca phng tin. - Hnh trnh c th hin trn bn di dng v tr cc ln truyn thng tin v tr trng thi ca phng tin. Cc v tr phng tin ang chy c th hin mu xanh, v tr qu tc mu v khi dng l mu xm.

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- Tn sut cp nht trng thi v tr phng tin ti a 10 giy/ln gip lin tc theo di gim st v tr phng tin. Thng thng ch cn tn xut cp nht 1 pht/ln l p ng yu cu gim st v lu tr s liu lm thng k bo co.o H thng bo co- thng k: H thng bo co gm cc bo co sau.

- Bo co tnh trng trng thi phng tin - Bo co hnh trnh ca phng tin - Bo co chy/ - Bo co cnh bo - Bo co vo-ra im kim sot - Bo co thi gian n my - Bo co s ln nng BEN - Bo co vi phm nng BEN - Bo co tng hp s Km xe chy ton i xe - Bo co tiu hao nhin liu theo nh mc. b) H thng GPS qun l xe (VIETMAP GPS TRACKING SYSTEM): Gii thiu: VIETMAP GPS TRACKING SYSTEM l mt h thng t ng ng dng cng ngh nh v ton cu (GPS) kt hp vi cng ngh vin thng GSM/GPRS v a l thng tin (GIS) gip gim st xe t xa theo thi gian thc mang li nhng li ch thit thc trong cng tc qun l ca doanh nghip.

S h

thng:

M hnh vn hnh ca h thng GPS Tracking System. Ton b h thng hot ng da trn s kt hp ca nhiu cng ngh:

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H thng v tinh GPS gm 24 30 v tinh pht sng GPS cho cc Xe c trang b thit b GPS Tracking Unit, thit b ny c chc

thit b.

nng thu thp thng tin trng thi xe, xc nh v tr thng qua sng GPS. Cc thng tin thu thp c s c gi lin tc v trung tm d liu qua ng truyn GPRS/SMS. Trung tm d liu bao gm cc h thng my ch dng lu tr

v x l thn g tin thu thp c t cc thit bi GPS Tracking Unit. Khch hng s dng h thng thng qua cc my c ci t phn mm VIETMAP GPS Tracking. Vi cng ngh GIS v Internet, ngi dng c th gim st cc xe theo thi gian thc trn nn bn s chi tit 64 tnh thnh Vit Nam. Cc ch c nng chnh c a h thng

Theo di v gim st xe theo th

i gian th c trn b n s y

chi ti t

V tr, h ng di chuy n, v n tc, tr ng thi ng m ca, tr ng Cho php xem l i l trnh v m ph ng l i l trnh theo t c Cho php i u khi n t xa b ng SMS: c m khng cho kh i Cnh bo v trung tm khi thi t b b ct ngu n, li xe v t Cnh bo khi xe v t qu khu v c cho php, vng gi i hn Cho php gim st nhi u xe cng lc trn t ng mn hnh

thi t t my m my xe, tr ng thi sng GPRS, tr ng thi GPS

ty ch n

ng my t xa

qu t c , SOS kh n cp khi g p s c.

ring, gim st nhi u khu v c

Thm b sung a i m trn b n nh c quan, nh my, Cung c p ch c nng qu n l b o tr b o dng ph ng ti n Qun l danh sch nhn vinGVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Thnh

trm pht

theo nhi u tiu ch: th i gian, qung ng v gi s dng xe

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H thng bo co th ng k bao g m:

Bo co qung ng v c tnh nhin li u tiu hao Bo co th i gian s dng xe Thng k th i gian d ng xe khng t t my Thng k s ln xe v t qu t c cho php Thng k s ln qua tr m thu ph Bng bo co chi ti t l trnh (tn ng, qu n huy n v t nh thnh) Thng k xe ra vo tr m a i m t trc Bo co l ch s bo tr b o dng ph ng ti n Biu mc nhin li u trong xe theo th i gian (k t hp vi fuel sensor) Cm bi n analog v digital Bo co th i gian lm vi c (k t hp v i h thng nhn d ng ti x )

Bo co tng hp cc s liu ca xe 3. Cu to v u nhc im ca hp en trn t: a) Cu to: Theo phn loi nh ni trn th ta c hai loi my thu GPS dnh cho t l: my thu GPS-Navigation v my thu GPS- theo di v iu hnh xe. C hai loi my thu ny u c tnh nng nh v xe. Tuy nhin, i vi my thu Navigation th vic tm ng tr nn d dng v tin li hn v c mn hnh hin th bn c gn trc tip ln xe. Cn my thu GPS-qun l v iu hnh th gip cho vic qun l xe ca ch xe tr nn tin li hn. Ngoi ra, hai loi ny cn c th kt hp li vi nhau. Sau y l cu to c bn i vi hai loi my thu:

My thu GPS- Navigation: l mt thit b nh mt my tnh nh

gn c mn hnh gn lin v anten nhn tn hiu GPS. Thit b ny thng ch l thit b c thng tin mt chiu. Nh anten GPS nhn tn hiu t v

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tinh. H iu hnh ca my s th hin v tr trn bn c gi sn trong thit b. Cc b phn c bn ca thit b bao gm: ng-ten thu tn hiu GPS : thu cc tn hiu GPS c truyn t cc v tinh xc nh v tr cng nh vn tc ca my thu. B nh ca my thu: trong b nh ny c lu mt bn s di dng li ta trn . Bn thuc mt n v cung cp nht nh v ch dnh ring cho 1 vng. Pin lithium: khi mt ngun in chnh, thit b GPS s dng ngun d phng l PIN lithium. Pin ny c th cp in trong khong 6 gi. Nu Pin yu ch cn 30% dung lng, thit b s t ng cnh bo v trung tm vi

mã hóa-chống trộm- gps

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