Thomas 鄧瑞忠27.12.2015

義工活動及遊戲帶領

需要NEEDS

Bradshaw (1972) Four Dimensions or Different Types of Need

1. Normative NeedNormative need refers to what expert opinion based on research defines as need. For example, the National Health

and Medical Research Council recommends all children aged 12 - 15 months be vaccinated against measles.

This indicates a health need, if data indicates that many children are not immunized.

2. Expressed NeedExpressed need refers to what can be inferred about the health need of a community by observation of the

community's use of services. (e.g. demand for a new service, long waiting lists). Expressed need can however be

misinterpreted. A need may exist but because there is no service in place to meet it, the expressed need may not be

identified. Furthermore, long waiting lists at a health service may be the result of inefficiency and not about the size

of the group wanting to be treated.

3. Comparative NeedComparative need is derived from examining the services provided in one area to one population and using this

information as the basis to determine the sort of services required in another area with a similar population.

4. Felt NeedFelt need is what people in your community say they want or feel they need.

•People have a tendency to express needs in terms of a solution e.g. More nursing home beds.

•People may be representing themselves or others.

•The level of expectation in relation to services may influence felt need.

(Source: Hawe, Degeling & Hall, 1990 / ACT Health Promotion 2009)

5W

• What 什麼形式：大型室內活動？戶外活動？成長性？教育性？

• Where 地點：室內／室外，服務對象熟悉的宿舍／學校／長者中心

• When 何時：上午／下午／晚上？ 平日／假期／節日？

• Why 原因／目的：

• Who 誰是服務對象，義工的背景

2H

• How many 多少人？人手比例

• How much 多少費用／物資？

1I

• If…如果／萬一：

對象

•需要

•特點

•安全

•訊息

宣傳／報名／收費

對象是否明白文字意思？有否清楚帶出活動資訊及意義？吸引力? 環保？

Video, facebook, Google Form

注意

安全第一

尊重：稱呼，遊戲價值觀／訊息／性