MC LC

Nhn xt ca gio vin. . LI NI U Li ni u Ni dung ti Bo co tin tin thc hin cng vic tng tun Chng I : MCH QUANG BO S DNG EPROM V CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH

1.1 Gii thiu v mch quang bo s dng EPROM 1.1.1 S khi 1.1.2 Chc nng ca tng khi

1.2 Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong mch1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3EPROM (AT28C64 ) IC 74LS90 IC 74LS245

1.2.4 IC NE555 1.2.5 IC n p 7805, 7812 1.2.6in tr , Led, t in.

Chng II: THIT K V THI CNG MCH

2.1 Khi mch np EPROM 2.2 Khi mach tao xung vung 2.3 Khi mch m 2.4 Khi hin th 2.5 Bang led Chng III: NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH V CHNG TRNH IU KHIN N LED

3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch 3.2 Vit chng trnh iu khin n LedHNG M RNG CA TI KT LUN TI LIU THAM KHO

LI NI U

Ngy nay,cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh in t ,rt nhiu nhng ng dng ca ngnh in t gip ch cho con ngi rt nhiu trong i sng sinh hot cng nh trong cng vic trong khng th khng k n cc bng n dng mch quang bo. Trc y khi m cc mch quang bo cha c s dng ph bin th cc ca hiu ,bng thng bo ...u c vit ln nhng vt liu th s ,nh dng sn vit ch ln cc tm tn,hay vit ln tng vi nhng khu hiu trng nhng dp trng i..Nhng k t khi c mch quang bo ra i n thay th cho nhng phng php th cng lm gim c chi ph v thi gian cho con ngi m vn thu c hiu qu nh mong mun. Mch quang bo c a vo s dng kh ph bin trong i sng v rt phong ph v th loi , kch thc rt nhiu lnh vc trong cuc sng :lm vt trang tr ,qung co ,gii thiu sn phm, thng bo tin tc Vi rt nhiu ng dng ,v lng ham mun c tm hiu nhng cng ngh mi rng ,m nhm chng em quyt nh thc hin ti : Thit k v ch to mch quang bo dng EPROM

Ni dung ti Cc d liu cho trc: Ngun cung cp 220V/50Hz. Datasheet h AT28C64(EFROM), ti liu tham kho M hnh (bao gm board np chng trnh, board iu khin hin th trn LED n dng ch: KHOA Chng trnh hin th t chn nhng phi m bo > Cc ti liu, phng tin h tr lin quan.

v lp trnh PAL, GAL.-

hin th ch bng LED n siu sng ) v yu cu ca ti.-

IN IN T 5 ln chy khc nhau.-

Ni dung cng vic cn hon thnh.: Bn bo co v tin thc hin cc cng vic theo tng tun, tng thng.

Thuyt minh ti (Phn tch yu cu, trnh by cc bc tnh ton, c s l thuyt, qu trnh thit k v thi cng mch, hng pht trin v phm vi ng dng ca ti).

Cc bn v thit k cho tng khi, cho ton b modul, y v chnh xc.

Sn phm phi hot ng tt, m bo tnh k thut, m thut, p ng ng cc yu cu ca gio vin hng dn.

Np thuyt minh v hon thnh sn phm ng thi gian quy nh.

Bo co tin tin thc hin cng vic trong tng tun Ngy giao ti 01/2010. stt 1 2 3 Tun 2 + 3 Tun 3 + 4 Tun Tun 1 Cng vic lm trong tun - Nhn ti - Tm hiu , nghin cu v ti v cc ti liu lin quan - Nhn ch dn ca thy hng dn cung cc thy c va anh ch kha trc v n - Khi qut tng th s , nguyn l lm vic ca mch in - Tnh ton thng s cc phn t mch in - D kin cc linh kin dng trong mch in - Bo co v xin kin ca GVHD v cng vic 4 Tun 5+6 v nhng ch dn thm - Mua linh kin ,lp rp v test th trn bo mch - Chnh sa mch in nu c sai st : 07/12/2009. Ngy kt thc : T

-Ve mach trn Eagle , thc hin lam mach in - Lp rp , hn linh kin thnh sn phm hon chnh - Kim tra mch in,cho chy th v hiu chnh nu c sai st - Bo co v xin kin ca GVHD v tin trnh 5 Tun 7 lm vic v nhng ch dn thm - Trinh bay an trn ly thuyt - Xin kin gio vin hng dn v tin trnh lm 6 Tun 8 vic v nhng ch dn thm - Hoan thin san phm , bo co cng vic thc hin vi GVHD - Xin kin ca GVHD v sn phm v nhng ch dn thm Chng I : MCH QUANG BO S DNG EPROM V CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH 1.1 Gii thiu v mch quang bo s dng EEPROM Mch quang bo c s dng rt rng ri trong lnh vc qung co.Ta c nhiu cch lm mt mch quang bo nh c th dng vi x l, dng EPROM.... chng em nhn thy lm mch quang bo s dng EEPROM (AT28C64) l thch hp nht i vi chng em v: u im: Ph hp vi kh nng v mc kin thc ca nhm ,mch in n gin ,d thc hin , kch thc mch nh , gi thnh phi chng , cch np chng trnh on gin thao tc d dng ,np sai c

th np li, khi mun thay i chng trnh c ta c th xa chng trnh v np vo chng trnh mi . Hn ch: Thi gian np chng trnh cho IC tng i lu,cn c ngun in n nh. 1.1.1 S khi

Khi mach tao xung

Khi ngun

Khi mach m

Khi mach hin thi

Khi mach nap

Bang en Led

1.1.2 Chc nng ca tng khi a. Khi ngun : cung cp ngun (+5v,+12v) cho ton b mch in hot ng n nh , p ng cho mch chy ng theo yu cu k thut t ra .

b. Khi mach tao xung vung: Tao tin hiu xung vung cho b m hoat ng , ta co th iu chinh mach m nhanh hay chm da vao tc m cua mach xung c. Khi mach m : dung tao ma ia chi cho mach hin thi EPROM , khi o EPROM se xut d liu a c nap ,tc ca chy ca mch hin th ph thuc vo tc ca mch m tc l ph thuc vo tc xung . d. Khi mch np : Dng np chng trnh cho EPROM bng cach tao ma d liu va ma ia chi. e. Khi mach hin th : co chc nng EPROM xut d liu c nap ra bn ngoai va c hin thi qua bang en Led. f. Bang en Led : co chc nng hin thi chng trinh a nap cua EPROM

1.2 Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong mch 1.2.1 EPROM (AT28C64 ) a) Tng quan v b nh bn dn: * RAM (Random Access Memory) :

C c im : -L b nh c ghi (R/W memory) -B nh kh bin -Lu tr thng tin tm thi,thng tin s b mt khi mt ngun cung cp.

C hai loi chnh l SRAM (Static RAM) v DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

*

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Cu to chung ca b nh Rom:

B nh ch c (Read-Only Memory - ROM) l mt loi thit b lu tr dng trong my tnh v cc thit b khc. N c tn nh vy v khng d ghi thng tin ln n. Khng ging nh RAM, thng tin trn ROM vn c duy tr d ngun in cp khng cn.ROM, theo ng ngha, ch cho php c d liu t chng tuy nhin tt c cc loi M u cho php ghi d liu t nht mt ln, hoc khi sn xut ln u hoc trong bc lp trnh. Mt s loi ROM cho php xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln. Cc loi ROM :

PROM : c ch to bng cc mi ni (cu ch - c th lm t bng mch in). N thuc dng WORM (Write-Once-Read-Many). Chng trnh nm trong PROM c th lp trnh c bng nhng thit b c bit. Loi ROM ny ch c th lp trnh c mt ln.

EPROM : c ch to bng nguyn tc phn cc tnh in. Loi ROM ny c th b xa bng tia cc tm v ghi li thng qua thit b ghi EPROM.

EAROM : Loi ROM ny c th thay i tng bit mt ln. Tuy nhin qu trnh vit kh chm v s dng in th khng chun. Vic vit li EAROM khng c thc hin thng xuyn.

EEPROM : c ch to bng cng ngh bn dn. Ni dung ca ROM ny c th vit vo v xa (bng in), c th thao tc xa v ghi d liu cho tng byte. Mt s Eprom thng dng : S hiu ca chip 2716 2732 Dung lng 2Kx8=2.210x8 bit 4Kx8

2764

8Kx8

27128

16Kx8

27256

32Kx8

27512

64Kx8

b .IC AT28C64

- IC AT28C64 l mt loi b nh ROM , n thuc loi EEPROM c c im chnh nh sau : - Dung lng nh: 64K (8Kx8) - Thi gian c nhanh: 120ns - Thi gian ghi 1 Byte nhanh: 200ms - Thi gian ghi 1 Byte bao gm: Cht a ch v d liu -T ng xa trc khi ghi - C th dng vi x l iu khin trc tip - Cng sut thp: -30mA dng tch cc - tin cy cao: -Chu k np: 104 n 105 ln -Thi gian lu tr d liu 10 nm - Ngun nui 5V10% - CMOS v TTL tng thch vo v ra. * Cu trc v s chn ca IC AT28C64

Cu trc *Chc nng ca cc chn ca AT28C64 A0- A12 : Cc chn to m a ch D0- D7 : cc chn d liu CE\ : chn chn chp ( cho php chp hot ng)

S chn

OE\ : chn cho php xut d liu WE| : chn cho php ghi d liu VCC: chn cp ngun GND: chn ni t *. iu khin cc ch hot ng ca AT28C64 Ch ghi: - Trnh t iu khin ghi mt Byte d liu nh sau: iu khin WE \ Cho CE\ mc thp Cho OE\ mc cao Thit lp a ch t WE \ mc thp a d liu vo Dng ghi t WE \ mc 1 (5V) (Sau khi a d liu vo 200 ms) - Gin thi gian iu khin ghi d liu

- Thng s thi gian ghi

iu khin CE \ Cho CE\ mc cao OE\ mc cao Thit lp a ch t WE \ mc thp Cho CE\ sung mc thp a d liu vo Dng ghi t CE \ mc 1 (5V) (Sau khi a d liu 200ms) Thit lp WE \ mc 1 - Gin thi gian iu khin ghi d liu

Ch c:- Trnh t iu khin c mt Byte d liu nh sau: Thit lp a ch Cho CE\ mc thp Cho OE\ mc thp Cho WE\ mc cao ta ch cn cp m a ch th d liu tng ng s c c ra Dng c d liu t CE \ v OE \ mc cao

- D liu sn sng ra ( Sau khi OE\ mc thp t 10 - 100 ns),

- Gin thi gian iu khin c d liu

- Thng s thi gian c

Ch xa: - Cc bc xa d liu ca EEPROM c thc hin nh sau: 1. Thit lp CE \ mc thp. 2. Thit lp OE \ mc cao (12V 0.5V). 3. Thit lp WE mc thp. - Gin thi gian iu khin xa d liu

Ch : tS = tH = 1 tW

= 10ms

VH = 12.0V 0.5V 1.2.2 IC 74LS90

- IC 74ls90 l IC m m BCD 4 bit nh phn c th reset li c, n thng c dng to cc b m .

a. S chn ca IC 74LS90 :

b. Chc nng cc chn ca IC: -CKA (14): nhn ngun xung t ngoi -VCC (5) : Ni dng ngun -GND (10) :ni m ngun - QA (12), QB (9), QC (8), QD (11): cc u ra ca b m -Chn 6,7 ni t -Chn 2,3 lm nhim v reset b m u ra ca b m theo bng trng tri sau

XD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tr ang Thai dau r a cua I C QD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Qc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 QB 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 QA 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

c. Thng s k thut ca IC 74ls90 Thng s Vcc (V) Vih (V) Vil (V) Voh (V) Vol (V) F clk (MHz) ngha Ngun cung cp in p vo mc cao in p vo mc thp in p ra mc cao in p ra mc thp Tn s xung nhip 2.7 - 3.4 Min 4,75 2 nh mc 5 5 0 5 0 0.5 Qa=20 - 32 Max 5,25 5,25 0.4

Bng thng s vn hnh:

Bng thng s in:

1.2.3

IC 74LS245

a. c im IC 74LS245 c tc dng n inh dong va ap cung cp cho gian Led hin th.Khi s dng IC ny ta cn ch y mt s c im sau: - Cac thng s ky thut: + in ap cung cp Vcc = 4,75 5.55 V + Nhit lam vic t : 0 70 - Chn s 19 (G\ _Enable) : y l chn cho php IC hot ng , IC ch hot ng khi chn ny c ni ti m ngun. - Chn s 1( DIR) : chn ny chn ch hot ng ca IC , nu chn ny ni xung m ngun th tn hiu u vo s c a ti cc chn B (t chn 11 n chn 18) ,tn hiu ra s a ra cc chn A ( t chn s 2 n chn s 9). b.Hinh dang va cu tao

: Ta c th m t cch lm vic ca IC thng qua bng sau: u vao u ra

L L H

DIR L H X

i t B n A I t A n B C lp

1.2.4 IC NE555 a. Cc thng s k thut: + in p u vo : 4,5 - 16 VDC + Dng in cung cp : 6mA - 15mA + Cng sut ln nht l : 0.6 W b. Chc nng ca tng chn ca IC NE555

+ Chn 1(GND): ni mas ly dng cp cho IC + Chn s 2(TRIGGER): y l chn u vo so snh in p v c dng nh 1 chn cht hay ng vo ca 1 tng so snh p.

+ Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Dng ly tn hiu ra logic. Trng thi ca tn hiu ra c xc nh theo mc 0 v 1 + Chn s 4(RESET): Dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni t th ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2 v 6. + Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): Dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni GND. Chn ny c th khng ni cng c, nhng gim tr nhiu ngi ta thng ni chn s 5 xung GND thng qua t in t 0.01uF n 0.1uF cc t ny lc nhiu v gi cho in p chun c n nh . + Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l mt trong nhng chn u vo so snh in p khc v cng c dng nh 1 chn cht. + Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem chn ny nh 1 kha in t v chu iu khin bi tng logic ca chn 3 .Khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC NE555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng . + Chn s 8 (Vcc): l chn cung cp ngun cho IC hot ng, in p hot ng t 4.5V -->16V DC ti a ln ti 18 V. c. Cu to bn trong :

V bn cht th NE555 l mt b mch kt hp gia hai con Op-amp, 3 in tr , 1 con transistor ,1 RS-FF -

2 Op-amp c tc dng so snh in p Transistor x in 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p Vcc thnh 3 phn, cu to ny to nn in p chun .in p 1/3 Vcc ni vo chn (+) ca Op-pam 1; 2/3 Vcc ni vo chn (-) ca Op-amp 2 .Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1\3 Vcc th RS-FF c chn S=1 v FF c kch ,khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 Vcc chn R=1 v FF c reset

1.2.5 IC n p 7805, 7812 a. Gii thiu v IC n p - Linh kin n p l thnh phn khng th thiu trong cc mch n p, mch ngun trong k thut in t. + H 78xx l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh +5V,+ 8V... + H 79xx l h n nh in p u ra l m. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh : -05V,-08V...

Trong cc b ngun th 78 v 79 c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch ngun to in p u ra mong mun c bit nhng thit b ny cn in p u vo c nh khng thay i ln xung. b.IC 78xx + 78xx gm c 3 chn :

1 : Vin - Chn ngun u vo 1 : GND - Chn ni t 2 : Vout - chn u ra p n nh.

* Nhng dng seri ca 78XX LA7805 IC n p 5V LA7808 IC n p 8V

LA7809 IC n p 9V LA7812 IC n p 12V y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A. Ngoi ra cn cc seri khc 78xx +5V --> +24V. Dng 1A 78Lxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.1A 78Mxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.5A 78Sxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.2A

c.Cu to bn trong ca 78xx :

Cu to bn trong ca 78xx gm c 1 in tr kt hp vi Diode Zener dng ghim mc in p,1 transistor khuch i dng , H IC78xx.. ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch th Uin > Uout t 3 n 5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng. +IC 78xx c bo v chp ti, nn nu ta l lm chp th cha hn 7805 hng

Thng s k thut ca IC 7805 -Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A. -Dng nh 2.2A. -Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W. -Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy. +Thc t ta nn ch dng cng sut tiu tn =1/2 gi tr trn. Cc gi tr cng khng nn dng gn gi tr max ca cc thng s trn. Tt nht nn dng