Mad Cow Disease-----Mad Cow Disease-----

-- The Past History of Mad Cow Disease-- The Past History of Mad Cow Disease

-- All about Mechanisms-- All about Mechanisms

-- Other analogous diseases-- Other analogous diseases

-- Great impact Mad Cow Disease Had Caused-- Great impact Mad Cow Disease Had Caused

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The Past History Of Mad Cow DThe Past History Of Mad Cow Diseaseisease

Early history in 1913Early history in 1913

1957 Carleton Gajdusek in New Guinea1957 Carleton Gajdusek in New Guinea

1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine

1982 Stanley B. Prusiner’s experiment1982 Stanley B. Prusiner’s experiment

1997 Nobel Prize in Medicine1997 Nobel Prize in Medicine

Before introducing the early history of Mad Cow Before introducing the early history of Mad Cow

Disease, we sincerely hope all of you know …Disease, we sincerely hope all of you know ………

Mad cow diseaseMad cow diseaseCow Cow

= Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease&Kuru= Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease&KuruMenMen

= Scrapie= ScrapieSheepSheep

Early History in 1913Early History in 1913

1. The story of Dr.Creutzfeldt

2. The story of Dr.Jakob

1957 Carleton Gajdusek in Ne1957 Carleton Gajdusek in New Guineaw Guinea

About “Kuru” ………….About “Kuru” ………….

1982 Stanley B. Prusiner’s expe1982 Stanley B. Prusiner’s experimentriment

……About “Prion”……About “Prion”

What Causes Mad Cow DiseaseWhat Causes Mad Cow Disease

In 1982,In 1982, Stanley B. Prusiner purified the Stanley B. Prusiner purified the pathogen of mad cow disease in his labpathogen of mad cow disease in his laboratory.oratory.

He found that the pathogen was compoHe found that the pathogen was composed of a kind of protein and named it sed of a kind of protein and named it prproteinaceous infectious particle.oteinaceous infectious particle.

Actually, there are two kinds of prion, Actually, there are two kinds of prion, PrPc PrPc and and PrPscPrPsc

PrPc can be found in the brain of PrPc can be found in the brain of normal, health animals and does not normal, health animals and does not cause diseases.cause diseases.

PrPsc is the prion that causes PrPsc is the prion that causes diseases. diseases.

The polypeptides that form PrPc and PrThe polypeptides that form PrPc and PrPsc are the same, but PrPsc is misfoldePsc are the same, but PrPsc is misfolded. The main secondary structure of PrPd. The main secondary structure of PrPc is α-helix while that of PrPsc is β pleac is α-helix while that of PrPsc is β pleated sheet.ted sheet.

PrPsc can convert the PrPc it meets to tPrPsc can convert the PrPc it meets to the malady-caused structure.he malady-caused structure.

PrPsc can be metabolic and will be storPrPsc can be metabolic and will be stored in the neuron of the brain then kill thed in the neuron of the brain then kill the cell.e cell.

If too many neurons are exterminated, tIf too many neurons are exterminated, the brain will lose it’s original function ahe brain will lose it’s original function and the symptons of the disease appearnd the symptons of the disease appears. s.

How Do Mad Cow Disease How Do Mad Cow Disease Spread?Spread?

In order to made cows grow better, people In order to made cows grow better, people mixed the powder of bones they got after mixed the powder of bones they got after slaughtering with feed.slaughtering with feed.

While making sheep bone powder, the prion While making sheep bone powder, the prion that caused scrapie was mixed with it and that caused scrapie was mixed with it and then eaten by cows.then eaten by cows.

Prion won’t be decomposed in the stomach Prion won’t be decomposed in the stomach and intestine, and will be absorbed and and intestine, and will be absorbed and transported into the brain.transported into the brain.

Diseases related to the Prion Diseases related to the Prion (TSEs)(TSEs)

Transmissible Spongiform EncTransmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ephalopathies

KuruKuruCJD (Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease)CJD (Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease)ScrapieScrapie

Diseases related to the Prion Diseases related to the Prion (TSEs)(TSEs)

GSS (Gerstmann - straussler syndrom )GSS (Gerstmann - straussler syndrom )

遺傳性遺傳性 PrPPrP 基因突變基因突變CWD (Chronic wasting disease )CWD (Chronic wasting disease ) 　狂鹿症　狂鹿症FFI (Fatal familial Insomnia) FFI (Fatal familial Insomnia) 致命家族失眠致命家族失眠症 症

The Influence The Influence

of of Mad Cow Mad Cow Disease Disease

on on Economy.Economy.

Chain ReactionChain Reaction

CattleWheat

Corn

Beef

Cream

Fast Food

Beans

InfluenceInfluence

Stock MarketStock Market

Exchange RateExchange Rate

Livestock BreedingLivestock Breeding

Biotechnology and Medicine IndustryBiotechnology and Medicine Industry

EpidemicEpidemic

Quarantine Quarantine

Kill All!!!Kill All!!!

Globalization?Globalization?