makarajyothi 2010

1

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2010

io]q¿Æ-X-bo-i\pw tNm‰m-\n-°c AΩbpw kZbw klmbw

apcfo \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv(X-¥n)

]pen-b-∂q¿ a\ (]q¿Æ-io) Fcq¿ ]n.H.Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd ˛ 682 306

Phone: 2782005, 9895488613

ÿqe-kq-£va-Im-cW cq]-Ønepw krjvSn-ÿnXn kwlm-c-cq-]-

Ønepw `‡-∑msc A\p - K -ln -°p -hm≥ \nXy -km -∂n≤yw

sNbvXpsIm≈p∂ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc imkvXm-hns‚ A\p-K-l-I-e-Iƒ

F√m ‡-∑m¿°pw e`n-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX

t£X-k-an-Xn-bpsS kZv]-hr-Øn-Iƒ°v F√m Biw-k-Ifpw t\¿∂p-

sIm-≈p-∂p.

D’-hm-tLm-j-ß-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ kvac-WnI

""aI-c-tPymXn'' hnRvPm-\-]-Z-am-Is´ F∂pw Biw-kn-°p-∂p.

F∂v

]pen-b-∂q¿ apcfo \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

18-12-2009

!


2

THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

BapJw

APnXv Ipam¿ h¿Ω

]kn-U‚v, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn

kzmantb icWaø∏...........

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£-X-Ønse aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ßƒ kam-K-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.

Ign™v Ggv h¿j-ß-fm-bn, t£Xm-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw, A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw, ‡-P-\-ßƒ°v

Ah-t_m-[-ap-≠m-°pI F∂ e£y-tØm-sS, D’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v, ""aI-c-tPymXn'' F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ Hcp kvac-Wn-I, Aø-

∏-tk-hm-k-anXn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

Cu h¿jw taf-I-e-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈-XmWv Rß-fpsS kwcw- w. tZi-Im-e-t -Z-at\y P\-ßsf kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Ie-bmWv taf-

Ie. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Rß-fpsS Cu h¿jsØ DZy-ahpw Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-sa∂v Icp-X-s´....

taf-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ ]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-hpw, Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb ÿm\-am-Wv, Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd

io]q¿Æ-X-boi t£X-Øn-se, F´p-\mƒ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. taf-I-e-bn¬ AZzn-Xo-b-\mb io. s]cp-

h\w Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS ]am-W-Øn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-ta-fw, taf-sØ-°p-dn®v imkvXo-bm-h-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-sS-t]epw IÆpw-ImXpw

a\hpw Ih-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv ]Xy-£m-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ime-]-am-W-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®v, h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ D’m-l-tØmsS Nen-°p-∂,

`‡s‚ Iøpw, saøpw Xs∂ CXn\v \nZ¿i-\w.

hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bn¬ tJZn-°p∂ a\- p-Iƒ, ]n∂oSv ]Xo-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂ D’-h-amWv

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ßƒ. aI-c-hn-f°v Znhkw cmhn-se-bp≈ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-\pw, D®-

I-gn-™p≈ ]©-hm-Zy-Øn-\pw, cmXn-bnse ]kn-≤-amb ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\pw ap∂n¬, Al-a-l-an-Ibm I≠p-h-cp∂ Bkzm-Z-I-hrµw

CXv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Cu h¿jsØ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ß-fn-epw, taf-Ip-e-]-Xn-bmb kZ\w Znhm-I-c≥amcm-cp-sS-bpw, io. s]cp-h\w kXo-

i-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ taf-Øn-\m-bn, Bkzm-Z-I¿ A£-a-cmbn ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ ‡¿, Ct∂mfw \n¿tem`w \¬In-h-cp∂ klmbkl-I-c-W-ß-fm¬, t£X-Ønse ]h¿Ø-

\-ßsf√mw Xs∂, Rß-fpsS ]Xo-£-bv°p-a-∏pdw wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p-h-∂n- p-≠v. AXn\p ]Xy-t£m-Zm-l-

c-W-am-Wv, t£X-]-\-cp-≤m-cW ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-ti-jw, t£X-tØmSv tN¿∂v InS-°p∂ Ggv sk‚v ÿew, t£X-Øn\v

kz¥-am-°m≥ km[n-®-Xv. Cu ÿeØv Hcp Du´p-]pc \n¿Ωn-°pI F∂-XmWv kan-Xn-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ e£yw. ‡¿ Ct∂mfw

\¬In-h∂ klmb kl-I-c-W-ßƒ \µn-tbmsS kvacn-°p∂p. Du´p-]pc F∂ kz]v\w km£m¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬, ‡-cpsS

klmbw XpS¿∂pw e`n-°p-sa∂v Rßƒ ]Xym-in-°p-∂p.

taf-I-e-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp kvac-WnI F∂ Bibw DS-se-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ, cN-\-Iƒ°m-bn, ]e-scbpw Rßƒ kao-]n-®p.

Ghcpw Xs∂ hfsc \√ ]Xn-I-c-W-amWv Rßƒ°v \¬In-b-Xv. cN-\-IƒX∂v Rß-tfmSv kl-I-cn® F√m kpa-\- p-Iƒ°pw

io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ Ir]m-I-Sm-£-ßƒ \n¿tem`w e`n-bv°s´ F∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu kvac-WnI bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-hm≥

amk-ß-tfmfw ITn-\-]-bXv\w sNbvX kan-Xn-bpsS ]h¿Ø-I¿°v AI-a-gn™ \µn ]Im-in-∏n-°-s´.

io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ A\p-K-l-ßƒ°mbn ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠v, Cu kwcw- w, ImWn-°-bmbn Ahn-SpsØ ]Z-I-a-e-ß-

fn¬ ‡n-]p-c- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

18- 12- 2009

3


aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eq-sS............

io]q¿Æ-X-bo-is‚ ]P-Iƒ°v taf-kw-kv°mcw c‡-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. hr›n-tIm-’hhpw

AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ AXn-]-i-kvX-amb Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Ifpw taf-ßfpw Bkz-Zn-°p-hm≥ io]q¿Æ-X-boi k∂n-

[n-bn¬ \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Bkzm-Z-I¿ FØp-∂p. Cu D’-h-kw-kv°mcw Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv Xma-cw-Ip-

f-ßc io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£X-Ønse B≠p-tXm-dp-ap≈ aI-c-hn-f-°p-’-hhpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

F√m h¿jhpw aIcw H∂n\v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc t£X-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ ""taf-Xbw'' Npcp-ßnb Ime-ßƒ°p-

≈n¬ Xs∂ ]i-kvXn-bm¿÷n-®-Xn¬ Aø∏tkhmkan-Xn°p Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v. `K-hms‚ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ cmP-

IobamhWw F∂p-≈-t∏mƒ AI-º-Sn-bm-Ip∂ hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ°v X\n-abpw imkvXo-b-Xbpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw D≠m-I-Ww. Cu e£y-amWv K-hm≥

io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-s‚bpw io]q¿Æ-X-bo-i-s‚bpw A\pK-l-Øm¬ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xv.

hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ AXn-hn-]p-ehpw sshhn[yw \nd-™-Xp-am-Wv. Ch-sb-∏‰n \mfn-Xp-hsc hf-sc-°p-d®v ]pkvX-I-ßƒ amXta ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

®n-´p-≈q. ]n.-F-kv. hmcy-cpsS tIc-fob taf-I-e, F.-F-kv. F≥. \ºo-is‚ Xmf-ßƒ Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ, tIma-cØv tKm]m-e-ta-t\ms‚ Xmf-ta-f-

ßƒ, sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ InSm-hns‚ tIc-f-Ønse t£X hmZy-I-e-Iƒ F∂nh Hgn®m¬ Kl-\-amb ]T-\-ßƒ C√ F∂pXs∂ ]d-bmw.

s]cp-h\w Bdm- p-]pg ]qc-°-Ωn-‰n-t]m-ep≈ taf-kw-kv°m-c-k-º-∂-am-b-h¿ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p≈ kvac-Wn-I-Iƒ, hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑msc BZ-

cn-°p-tºmƒ AXmXv ]h¿ØI kan-Xn-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ kvac-Wn-I-Iƒ F∂nh ]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv.

a‰p kam-\-kva-c-Wn-I-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv ""aI-c-tPymXn''. CXv aIctPymXn-bpsS F´m-asØ ]Xn-∏m-Wv. F√m h¿jhpw GsX-

¶nepw Hcp hnjbw amXw ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn¬ Cu h¿jsØ hnjbw tIc-fo-b-cpsS kz¥-amb taf-am-Wv. ]Npc]Nm-

c-Øn-ep≈ taf-ßƒ, A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ, taf-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hmZy-ßƒ, ]T\ kº-Zmbw, Bkzm-Z-I-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Snse tafw XpS-

ßnb A\-h[n hnj-b-ßƒ Cu aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

tafw Bkz-Zn-°p-hm≥ kmam\y P\-ßƒ°v Ign-bWw F∂ Dt±-i-e-£y-tØm-sS-bmWv Cu aI-c-tPymXn Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-anXn ]kn-≤o-I-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]K-¤-a-Xn-I-fmb teJ-I¿, sN≠bpw tImepw sIm≠v kwh-Zn-°p∂ A\p-K-loX Iem-Im-c-∑m¿, ]pe¿s®-bm-bmepw, \´p-®-bm-bm-

epw, ]mXn-cm-Xn-bm-bmepw Bth-i-tØm-sSbpw D’m-l-tØm-sSbpw hmbp-hn¬ ssIIƒ Db¿Øn Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p∂ Bkzm-Z-I¿ XpSßn taf-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏- p-In-S-°p∂ a\o-jn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb ]T-\-ß-fpw, teJ-\-ß-fpwsIm≠v kº-∂-am-Wv Cu aI-c-tPym-Xn. ‡-P-\-ßƒ°pw Bkzm-

Z-I¿°pw CXv Hcp ]pXnb A\p-`hw Bbn-cn°pw F∂p -Xs∂ kanXn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

kanXn ]h¿Ø-I-cpsS amk-ßƒ \o≠ ]b-Xv\-^-e-am-bmWv F√m-h¿jhpw aI-c-tPymXn ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-Xv. Bb-Xn-tebv°v AI-a-

gn™v t]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-∂, hnj-b-ß-sf-∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn Fgp-Xp∂ teJ-I¿, ]c-ky-ßƒ \¬In Cu kwcw-`-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp∂

hy‡n-Iƒ, ÿm]\-ßƒ, at\m-l-c-ambn A®-Sn®pXcp∂ amXm Hm^vsk‰v ]nt‚gvkv F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ kan-Xn-bpsS \n o-a-amb \µn Cubh-

k-c-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eqsS Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ahkcw Cu h¿jsØ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-bm-

Wv. D’-h-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ cmXn hnf-°n\v hnhn[ A]q¿∆ taf-ß-fmWv AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. io. B¿.-F¬.-

hn. atl-jvIp-am-dns‚ ]am-W-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ [phw, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, Nº-ta-f-ßƒ Bkzm-Z-I¿°v \hym-\p-`hw Bbn-cn-°pw. aI-c-hn-

f°v Znhkw \S-°p∂ taf-Xbw io k-Z\w Znhm-I-c-am-cm-cp-sSbpw io. s]cp-h\w kXo-i≥amcm-cp-sS-bpw ]am-W-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ ]©m-cn-

ta-fw, io.-tNm-‰m-\n-°c hnP-b\pw io. sN¿∏p-f-t»cn inh-\pw \bn-°p∂ ]©-hm-Zyw, io. s]cp-h\w kXo-is‚ ]am-W-Øn¬ \S-°p∂

]m≠n-ta-fw, ]Xn-hp-t]mse hmZy-ta-fm-kz-Z-I¿°p≈ Aø∏tkhm-k-an-Xn-bpsS taf-k-Zy-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

F√m hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw, ‡-P-\-ßƒ°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcmKy kuJy-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-am-

dm-Is´ F∂v `K-hm≥ io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-t\mSpw tZi-\m-Y≥ io]q¿Æ-X-bo-i-t\mSpw AI-a-gn™p ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

`K-hms‚ Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bpsS Cu ]Xn∏pw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn ]h¿ØI¿°v th≠n

ic-W-tLm-j-tØmsS

IrjvW\mYv. hn.

I¨ho\¿, aIchnf°mtLmj°Ωn‰n

THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHYTASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.


4

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’hw ˛ XnømSn cma≥ 13

taf-ß-fnse kmwkv°m-cn-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ 23

]n.-F≥. \ºq-Xncn

icW Io¿Ø\w (IhnX) ˛ A-\n-b≥ 51

hiykp-µ-cao ]©mcn ˛ s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿ 57

]m≠n-tafw ˛ kZ\w Znhm-Icamcm¿ 65

]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmb taf-ßƒ ˛ sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv 69

taf-Øns‚ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ˛ sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥ 83

sN≠-ta-f-ßƒ ˛ Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ipń amcm¿ 97

ipXn-tafw ˛ Hcp kz]v\-km-£m-XvImcw ˛ ]fl-io. a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ 101

H®-∏m-Sns‚ ]Xy-b -imkvXw ˛ hn. Iem-[-c≥ 105

Xmb-º-I-bvs°mcp k‘y-the ˛ It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-X≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ 111

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io[¿Ω-im-kvXmhv (IhnX) ˛ im¥ ]Wn-°¿ 127

taf-I-e-bnse ssieo-t`-Z-ßƒ ˛ tUm: F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ 137

taf- I-em-]-T-\hpw taf-ßfpw ˛ ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿ 141

Ipdpw Ipg¬ ˛ Iogq´v \µ≥ 145

hmZy-tem-IØv sImºns‚ ÿm\w ˛ HmS-bv°men apcfn 153

Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw ˛ sI.-F. inh-Zmkv h¿Ω 157

sImńs‚ hk-¥-Imew ˛ Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tat\m≥ 163

aa `mKyw taf-Xbw ˛ s]cp-h\w kXo-i≥ amcm¿ 177

sN≠-ap-WvUm-kp-c≥! ˛ B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥ 181

taf-ta-Xm-bm-epw...... sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥ 185

XmacwIpfßc tafXbw ˛ IrjvW-\mYv hn. 187

\nßƒ°-dn-bmtam? 191

tafIebnse aäd™pt]mb almcY≥am¿ 192

tafhmZycwKsØ AXnImb∑m¿ 193

Df-f-S°w

5


Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’hw(tZ-i-Øns‚ hmZy-]m-c-º-cyhpw tafm-kzm-Z-\-hpw)

XnømSn cma≥

hr›nIw apX¬ taSw hsc \ofp∂ Bdp

amk-°mew tIc-f-Øn\v ]qc-°m-e-am-Wv. ]qcw,

D’-hw, the, Xme-s∏m-en F∂n-ßs\ ]e-cq-]-

Øn¬ B\bpw hmZy-tLm-j-ß-fp-an-√mØ Hcp

t£Xtam Imthm C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ ImWm≥ hnj-

a-am-Wv.

t£tXm-’-h-ß-fpsS ]cn-]q¿ÆX-sb∂v

hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-˛-Kp-cp-hm-bq¿-˛-

C-cn-ßm-e-°pS D’-h-ßƒ Cu ]qc-°m-e-Øn\v

BZn-a-≤ym-¥-ß-fmbn hcp-∂p. Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd

io]q¿Æ-X-boi t£tXm-’-h-Øn\v sImSn-I-

b-dp-∂Xv tIc-f-Øns‚ ]qtcm-’-h-ßƒ°m-Wv.

taS-am-k-Øn¬ Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’hw Ignt™

Cu kmwkv°m-cn-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ sImSn-bn-d-°q.

ChnsS Xpd-∂- IpS aS-°p-∂Xv Ccn-ßm-e-°pS

D’h Bdm-´n-\m-bn-cn-°pw. tIc-f-Ø-\n-a-bp‰

t£tXm-’-h-ß-fn¬ ]Y-a-ÿm\w ˛ BZy-sØ-

sX-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn- -h-en-∏-Ønepw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbv°m-

Wv. AwKp-cm-Zn-˛-]-S-lm-Zn-˛-[z-PmZn aq∂p-hn[w D’-

h-ßfpw Ac-tß-dp∂ tIc-f-Ønse AwKp-cmZn

hn`m-K-Øn-ep≈ hr›n-tIm-’hw tIc-f-Øn-te°v

sh®p-Xs∂ G‰hpw henb D’-h-am-Wv. ]cn-]m-

Sn-I-fpsS .................... hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ InS-bp‰

Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’-h-Øn-\p-t]mepw ]m¿iz-ÿ-

]oTta e`n-°q. D’-h-ßƒ°v hn[n-®n-´p≈ GXp

]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw F´p-Zn-hkw \ofp∂ D’-h-Im-eØv

Atlm-cmXw Ac-tß-dp-∂p.

15 B\-Isf Fgp-∂-≈n®v cmhnse ioth-

en°pw cmXn hnf-°n-\pap≈ aWn-

°q-dp-Iƒ \ofp∂, ]©mcntafw,

AXn-]-ikvX kwKo-X-⁄-∑m¿

hsc ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ c≠pw aq∂pw

It®-cn-Iƒ, hnf-°p-\m-fp-I-fnse

]pe-cpw-h-sc-bp≈ IY-I-fn, D®

apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw hsc-bp≈

c≠pw aq∂pw Xp≈-ep-Iƒ, hyXy-

kvX-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ Xmb-º-I-Iƒ

F∂nh CXn¬ ][m-\-am-Wv. \o≠

a±-f- -sIm-ºp- -Ip-g¬∏-‰p-Iƒ, ]cn-j-

hmZyw, CSbv° ]Z-£nWw XpSßn

X\n-a-bp‰ A]q¿∆-amb ]e- hm-Zy-

hn-tijßfpw D’-h-Øns‚ `mK-

am-Wv. CXn-\pw- ]p-dsa ]mT-Iw, Ipd-Øn-bm- w, ]`m-

j-W-ßƒ, B\-bq-´v, AI-ºSn \mZ-kz-c-°-t®-cn,

tIm¬°fn RmWn-t∑¬I-fn- t]m-ep≈ k‘y-°-

fn-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ GXp Xe-Øn-ep≈ P\-

tØbpw ckn-∏n-°m≥t]m∂ a‰p-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw cm]-

I¬ t`Z-sas\y D’-h-\m-fp-I-fn¬ Ac-tß-dp-∂p.

][m\w tafw

KoX- -\rØ˛hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ D’-h-Øn\v hmZy-

Øn-t\m, It®-cnt°m IY-I-fnt°m Gsd ]m[m-

\y-sa∂v JWvUn-X-ambn ]d-bm≥ hnj-a-am-Wv.


6

F¶n¬Xs∂bpw D’-h-Øns‚ DuSpw ]mhp-ambn

h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv c≠p-t\-c-ap≈ B\-sb-gp-∂-

≈n∏pw ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw Xs∂. B\-∏-¥n-bn¬

apØp-°p-S- Xg Be-h´ sh©m-a-c-tØmsS 15 B\-

Iƒ°v at≤y cmP-Iob ]uVn-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-

\n¬°p∂ ]q¿Æ-X-bo-i\v ap∂n¬, Bth-iw-

sIm≠ tafm-kzm-Z-I¿°v \Sp-hn¬, \qdpw \q‰-ºXpw

t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-cn-tafw H∂mbn-

cn°pw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-sa-∂m¬ Bcp-tSbpw

a\- n¬ BZyw sXfn-bp-∂-Xv. D’-h-Øns‚

Bflm-hv-kzXzwAXp-X-s∂. D’-h-ta-f-Øns‚

A¥ pw Kuc-hhpw c≠p-t\-c-ap≈ B\-sb-gp-∂-

≈n∏pw tafhpw Xs∂.

]g-b-sIm®n»oa-bpsS Bÿm-\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn-

epw, cmP-Ip-Spw-_--Øns‚ Bÿm-\- t£-X-sa-∂-

\n-e-bnepw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d°pw ]q¿Æ-X-boi

t£X-Øn\pw ]t≠ Gsd ]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. Xriq-cns‚ tafhpw, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØbpw

]me-°m-Sn-s‚bpw kwKo-Xhpw, sX°pw-˛-h-S°pw

ssien-bn-ep≈ IY-I-fnbpw, ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-

apt∂ ChnsS ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂p. Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬

tafw ]am-Wn-°p-I, IY-I-fn°v BZy-h-km-\-thjw

sI´p-I, It®cn \S-ØpI F∂Xv AXmXv cwK-

Øp-≈-h-cpsS kz]v\-am-bn-cp-∂p˛Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-bn-cp-

∂p. amS-£n-Xo-i-∑m-cpsS ]cn-em-f-\-bn¬ ]cn-]p-

jv°-e-am-°-s∏´ Cu t£tXm’hw Cu P\-Iob

bpK-Ønepw H´pw aß-te-ev°msX cmP-Iob

]uVn-tbmsS \mSns‚ D’-h-am-bmWv sIm≠m-

Sp-∂-Xv.

15 B\-Iƒ°v \nc-°m≥ ]mI-Øn-ep≈ B\-

∏¥n, Xncp-ap-‰w, th≠-Xn-tesd ]K-¤-cmb hmZy-

ßƒ, Zqc-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-t]mepw h∂p-tNcp∂

Bkzm-Z-I-hr-µw, taf-s°m-gp∏v H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m-

ImØhn[w X´p-am-fn-I-tbmSp IqSnb aXn-ev°Iw,

Ch taf-Øns‚ I\hpw A¥ pw as‰-ßp-an-√m-

Ø-hn[w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.

ssIøpw tImep -ambn c≠p-t\-c -ap≈

]©mcntaf-Øn\v A©p-Im-ehpw, A\p-_-‘-ambn

AS-¥-˛-sN-ºS "hl'bpw tafhpw \n¿∫-‘-am-Wv.

B\-∏-¥n°v ap∂n¬ Imew \ncØn Ime-am-‰-Øn-

eqsS \oßn ]Sn-™msd X´p-am-fn-I°v apºn¬

A©mwIme-tØmsS (A-XmWv cmP-hm-gvN-°m-

esØ ""Xncp-ap-ºn¬ tafw'' ˛ \mSp-hm-gp∂ henb

Xºp-cm≥ Fgp-∂-≈n-bn-cp∂v hmZy-°m¿°v bYm-

tbmKyw kΩm-\-ßƒ sImSp-Øn-cp-∂Xv ]Sn-

™msd X´p-am-fn-I-bnem-bn-cp-∂p) ]©m-cn- Xo-cp-

∂p. XpS¿∂v AS¥ "hl'bpw hSs° \S-bv°¬

AS¥ aq∂pw -\mepw Imew tafhpw, Iem-in-®v -ap-

dn-∏-©m-cn-bn-eqsS sNº-S-bn-te°v IS∂v \memw-

Imew sIm´n Xocp-sIm-´p-∂-XmWv taf-®n-´.

Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬ as‰mcp Ime-Øn-\pw-˛-

A©mw Ime-Øn-\p-t]mepw ImWmØ Bth-i-

amWv \S-∏p-c-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂, A\p-_‘-ambn

sIm´p∂, Ac-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw \ofp∂ sNºS taf-

Øn-\v. AXp t\cn¬ I≠m-kz-Zn-°m-\mbn kvXoI-

f-S°w H´ph-fsct]¿ t\c-sØ-Øs∂ \S-∏p-c-

bv°p-Np‰nepw tKm]p-c-Ø-d-bnepw Xn°n-Øn-c-°n-

ÿm-\w-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. \s√mcp hn`m-K-Øn\v taf-sa-

∂m¬ Cu A\p-_-‘-ta-f-am-Wv. \S-∏p-c-tafw

tIƒ°m≥ amXw hcp-∂-h-cp-≠v. tafw Dt±-in-®-

hn[w sImgp-Øn-s√-¶ntem, Bh¿Øn-®p≈

Iemiw Ht∂mct≠m Ipd-™mtem, D’-h-ta-f-

Øns‚ Kuchw Ipd-™-Xmbn Icp-Xp-∂-hcpw Ipd-

h-√.

taf-Ønse Iqd-S°w

taf-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿ÆX ]qc-ß-fpsS `mK-

am-bp≈ H‰ta-f-ß-fn-emWv ImWp-I. ]¥w \ncs°

]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ s]cp-h\w ]©m-cn-bpsS Blm-

cy-`w-Kn-tbm, Ip´-s\-√q-cns‚ AwK-em-h-Wytam

Bdm-´p-]p-g-bpsS tafm-th-itam, FS-°p-∂n-bpsS

FXn-cn-√mØ A©mw Imetam, F´pw- ]Øpw

Znhkw c≠p-t\cw Ac-tß-dp∂ D’-h-ta-f-

ßƒ°p≠m-hn-√. Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbpw AXn-∂-]-hm-

Z-a-√. t]msc-¶n¬ D’-h-_ent]mep≈ Xm¥n-

I-®-S-ß-p-Iƒ°pw a‰pw tafw hgn-am-td-≠-Xm-bpwh-

cpw. D’-h-ta-f-ßƒ°p≈ Cu ]cn-an-Xn-IƒsIm-

≠mhmw, ]Øp-\m-gn-I-sb∂ ]©m-cn-bpsS hyh-

ÿm-]n-X-ssZ¿Ly-tØ-°mƒ taf-Øns‚ Iqd-S-°-

Øn-\mWv Xr∏q -Wn -Øpdbn¬ ]m[m-\yw.

Hs∂m∂c aWn-°q¿ ]Xn-Im-ew, 20 an\n‰phoXw

7


c≠pw aq∂pw \mepw Ime-ßƒ, Ac-a-Wn-°q¿

A©mw Imew F∂n-ßs\bmWv c≠caq∂p aWn-

°q-tdmfw \ofp∂ D’-h-ta-f-Øns‚ A\p-]m-Xw.

AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw tafw ""sNdp-Xm-Ip-∂n√''. I\-

Ønepw Kuc-h-Ønepw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-tafw

ta¬]-d™ at‰Xp taf-Øn\pw InS-bp-‰-Xm-Wv.

X\n-a-bp‰ tIfn-∏‰v

]Øpw ]Xn-\©pw t]¿ AWn-\n-c-°p∂

Xmb-º-I-®n-´-bn-ep≈ a±-f-∏‰v Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬

amXw CX-h-ep-X-s√-¶nepw Is≠-∂p-h-cpw. a±fw

CX-sbm-∂n®v as‰-hn-sS-sb-ßnepw ImWm≥Xs∂

km[n-s®-∂p-h-cn-√. AS¥, A©-S¥t]mep≈

hyXy-kvX-\-S-I-fnepw k¶o¿Æ Xmf-ß-fn-epap≈,

A©pw F´pw-t]¿ tN¿∂v hnfn-°p∂, \o≠-sIm-

ºp-]‰v A≤zm-\- m-c-ta-dnb B kp-jn-c-hm-Zy-Øns‚

Bhn-jv°m-c-km-≤y-X-I-fmWv A\m-h-cWw sNøp-

∂-Xv. XnI™ Xmf-⁄m-\-ap≈ht\ sImºp-]-

‰n\v Xmfw ]nSn-°m-\m-Iq. kao] ImeØv Dcp-Øn-

cn™ ]©-hm-Zy-Ønse ""XºIw'' Iml-f-≤z-\n-

bpsS as‰mcp kzX-¥-a-t\m-[¿Ω]-tbm-K-am-Wv.

AXp-t]mseXs∂, cmKw- -Xm-\w- -]-√-hn- -cm-K-am-en-

I-tbmsSbp≈ AXn-ssZ¿Ly-am¿∂ Ipg¬∏‰v

D’-h-Øns‚ as‰mcp henb ]mc-º-cy-am-Wv. AXn-

hn-Z-Kv≤-\m-sbmcp Ipdpw-Ip-g¬°m-c\v amXsa Xr∏q-

Wn-Øpd aXn-ev°-IØv Ipg¬∏‰v hnfn-°m-\mIq.

taf-Ønse hmtZym-]-I-c-W-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Hcp

kwKoX D]-I-c-W-amWv ]‰nse Ipg¬. a±-f-˛-sIm-

ºv- -Ip-g¬∏-‰p-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ \ΩpsS

]mNo\ D’-hm-¥-co£w ]p\:krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬

henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p.

at≤ym-Ø-c-tI-c-f-Øn¬ ]cn-Nn-X-a-√mØ

A\p-jvTm-\-hm-Zy-amb ]cn-j-hmZyw ]°n-e-Sn-®p-sIm-

≠p≈ AXns‚ ]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Gsd ]tXy-

I-X-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. taf-˛-Xm-b-º-I-Iƒ°v hn]-co-X-

ambn D’-h-hm-Zy-ß-fnse sX°≥ kzm[o-\-amWv

]cn-j-hm-Zy-Øn¬°m-Wp-I.

BZy aq∂v Zn\-ß-fn¬ k‘ybv°v B\-∏-

¥n-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-I-fn-ep≈

Xmb-ºI Iem-]-cn-]mSn amX-am-Wv. \nd™

kZ pw XnI™ thZn-bp-am-sW-¶nepw, Xmc-X-

tay\ \hm-K-X-\mb Cu Iem-cq-]-Øn\v hnf-°ns‚

`mK-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ A\p-jvTm-\-`m-

h-an-√.

Bdm-´p-k-‘y-bnse ]©-hm-

Zyhpw, cmXn-bnse ]m≠nbpw, D’-

h-Øns‚ as‰mcp apJ-am-Wv. tafw

tNmcmØ \S-∏p-c-bn¬ sIm´p∂

]©-hm-Zy-Ønse hnfw-_-Imew

]uV-am-Wv. aXnev°v ]pdØv B

Kuchw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sn-√. Ah-km-\-

taf-am-bXpsIm≠m-Imw, ]m≠n°v

]tXy-I- tbm-KyXsbm∂pw Ah-Im-

i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√. Xr∏q-Wn-Øpdbn¬

]©m-cn -tbmfw Bkzm -Z -I -cn√

]m≠n°pw ]©-hm-Zy-Øn\pw. tafm-

kzm-Z-\-Ønse kvXokm∂n≤yw aXn-ev°-IØv

Bcpw i≤n-®p-t]m-Ipw. h¿j-ß-fm-bp≈ tIƒhn-

Ø-g -°w -sIm≠v ]©mcn A©pw sNºS

\mepwt]mep≈ Ipdp-Inb Ime-ßƒ Hs´mcp ]cn-

[n-hsc kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-tW-h¿°pw. B\°pw hmZy-

°m¿°p-sa-∂-t]mse tafw-\n∂v ImWm\pw

tIƒ°m\pw Bkzm-Z-I¿°p-ap≠v Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd

aXn-e-IØv Ah-c-h-cpsS ÿm\w. \s√m-cp-i-X-am-

\w -t]cpw \nhr-Øn-bp-s≠¶n¬ kzÿm\w hn´p-

amdn-√. D’-h-\m-fp-I-fnse c≠p-t\-c-ap≈ Cu tafm-

kzm-Z\w Iem-Im-c\pw Bkzm-Z-I-\p-an-S-bn¬ hy‡n-


8

_‘w hf¿Øp-∂p. as‰-ßpw-Im-WmØ Cu hmZy-

ku-lrZw hmZy-°m-tcbpw Bthiw sIm≈n-°p-

∂p.

\S-∏p-c-ta-f-Ønse Aan-Xm-thiw

D’htaf-®¿®-bn¬ hy‡n-]-c-amb Nne

A`n-]m-b-ßfpw ChnsS N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-I-s´.

]©m-cn-tb-°mƒ B°hpw Bth-ihpw Xr∏q-Wn-

Øpd \S-∏p-c-ta-f-Øn-\m-Wv. \S-∏pc taf-sa-∂m¬

apt∂-∏-d-™-t]mse "hl' Ign-™p≈ sNºS

\memw-Im-ew. ][m-\-ta-f-Øn-\n-√mØ s]mXp-P\

Bthiw Ac-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw \ofp∂ sNºS taf-

Øn-emWv ImWp-∂-Xv. Cu tafw CX XI¿Øp-

sIm-t´-≠-XmtWm?

tafw-I-gn™p ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ sNhn-bn¬

apg-tß-≠Xv ][m-\-ta-f-amb ]©mcn Xs∂-bm-

Wv. ]t£ Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd tafw Ign-™p -t]m-Ip-

tºmƒ sNhn-bn¬ Xßp-∂Xv hmkvX-h-Øn¬

Ah-km\w XI¿ØpIpep-°nb sNºS taf-am-Wv.

taf-Øns‚ Bghpw ebhpw ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬

Bkz-Zn-°m-dm-I-Ww. ]Xn-Imew tIƒ°m≥ i≤-

bn-√m-sX, \S-∏p-c-°-emiw tIƒ°m≥ _≤-s∏-Sp-

∂-h¿ \√ tafmkzmZI-cmtWm? Ah¿°v D’-h-

Øns‚ ]©mcn taf-sa-∂m¬ \S-∏p-c-bnse sNº-

S-ta-f-amWv! Hs´mcp-]-cn[nhsc ChnsS tafw hne-

bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv taf-Øns‚ im_vZn-I-s°m-gp-

∏n¬amXw A`n-c-an-°p-∂-h-cpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn¬

\n∂-t√-sb∂v tNmZn-®m¬ As√∂p ]d-bm-\m-

Iptam?

"hl'bpw hl-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ tafhpw

hIbmbn-Xs∂ sIm´p-∂-XmWv `wKn. ][m-\-ta-

fsØ At]-£n®v A\p-_-‘-ta-f-tØm-Sp≈ Cu

Aan-Xm-thiw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bpsS tafm-kzm-Z-\-

Øn¬ Ft¥m Hcp icn-tISv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ°pw Hch-kcw

15 ]©m-cnbpw Hcp ]m≠n-bp-sa-∂mWv taf-

®n-´. CØcw Nn´-h-´-ßƒ t£tXm-’-h-ß-fpsS

hy‡n-Xzw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ah \ne-\n¬t°-≠-Xp-X-

s∂. F∂n-cp -∂m¬ Xs∂ tafm-kzm-Z -I¿°v

tIƒ°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ \s√m-c-h-kcw 15

]©m-cn-sb∂ am‰-an-√mØ D’-h-

]m-c-ºcyw \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-sh∂v

tXm∂p-∂p. D’-h-Øns‚ F´p-Zn-\-

ß-fn-embn Ac-tß-dp∂ 16 taf-ß-

fn¬ ]Xn-\©pw ]©m-cn-bm-Wv.

CXn¬ D’-h-_en Zn\-ß-fnepw

a‰pw-sIm-´p∂ ]mtbW ssZ¿Lyw

Ipd™ ]©m-cn-Iƒ°p- ]-Icw

A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ°qSn Ac-tß-dm≥

Ah-k-c-ap-s≠-¶n¬ D’-h-ta-f-

Øn\v Hcp ]pXnb am\w-Xs∂

ssIh-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNº-S, AS-¥,

A©-S-¥, Nº, [phw F∂o taf-

ßƒ taf-cm-P-\mb ]©m-cn-bpsS

I\n-jvT-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Cu A©p sNdp-ta-f-

ßfpw, ]Øv ]©m-cnbpw, Hcp ]m≠n-bp-am-bn-cp-

s∂-¶n¬ BkzmZ-I¿s°-∂-t]mse ]tbm-‡m-

°ƒ°pw taf sshhn-[y-Øn-∂-h-k-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Cu A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ Ac-tß-dm\pw Nne-

th-ZnIƒ-tht≠? C∂nh tIƒ°m≥ Kpcp-hm-bq¿,

Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xr]-bm¿, sImSp-ß-√q¿ t]mep≈

Nne- t£-X-ß-fnte km[n-°q. A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ

apgp-h≥ Ac-tß-dp∂ Kpcp-hm-bq¿t]mepw, tafm-

kzm-Z-\-Øns‚ \√ thZn-bmbn Bkzm-Z-I¿ ImWp-

∂n-√. tafm-kzm-Z-I¿ Xnßn-°q-Sp-∂, A]q¿∆ taf-

ßƒ sIm´m≥ ]m]vX-cmb hmZy-°m¿ AWn-\n-c-

°p∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬ AXn-∂-h-k-c-an-√-Xm-\pw.

9


]Xn-Im-e-ßƒ IpdpIn ]©mcn a´n¬ XpSßn \S-

am-‰-Øn-eqsS X\-Xmb hy‡nXzw ]m]n-°p∂ Cu

sNº-S-ta-f-ßƒ Bkzm-Z-I-lr-Z-b-Ønepw ]Xn-tb-

≠-Xt√? AXn-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ Ah-k-c-am-Wn-

hnsS \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

H∂pIq-Sn. taf-Øns‚ kncm-tI-µ-am-bn´pw IY-

I-fnbpw kwKo-Xhpwt]mse Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-°m-cpsS

c‡-Ønep≈XmtWm tafw? As√-∂p-thWw ]d-

bm≥. AXv Xriq-cn¬ \n∂v ]dn-®p-\- -Xm-sW∂v

ih-W-am-X-bn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. Xriq¿°m-cn-

√mØ Hcp D’-h-tafw ChnsS k¶¬∏n-°m-\m-

hptam? taf-tØ-°mƒ Bgv∂n-d-ßn-b-hcv ChnsS

kwKo-X-Øn\pw IY-I-fn-°p-ap-≠v.

H∂p]-d-bmsX hø. B\bpw hmZyhpw Xr∏q-

Wn-Øp-d-°m-cpsS Zu¿∫-ey-am-Wv. hmZy-°m-tcbpw

Iem-Im-c-∑m-tcbpw Gsd BZ-cn-°p-∂-\m-SmWv

Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d.

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-˛-hm-Zy-]m-c-º-cy-sØ-˛-

\m-Sns‚ hmZy-˛-taf Bkzm-Z-\sØ, hna¿i\

_p≤ym kz¥w-\n-e-bn¬ t\m°n-°m-WpI amX-

am -Wn -hnsS sNbvX-Xv. Xr∏q -Wn -Øp-d -bpsS

Iem-]m-c-ºcyw B¿°pw Ipd®p ImWm-\m-hn√

io]q¿Æ-X-boi t£X-Øn\p ]pdsa \m´n-ep≈

a‰p-t£-X-ß-fpw, B¿.-F¬.-hn. tImtf-Pv, IY-I-

fn, kwKo-X- -Iq-Sn-bm´ tIµ-ßƒ XpSßn ]e Iem-

kmw-kv°m-cnI tIµ-ßfpw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bpsS

al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-ºcyw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xnepw

hf¿Øp-∂-Xnepw henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.

D’h kzm[o\w

D’-h-]m-c-ºcyw F¥m-bmepw C∂v kao-]-

t£-X-ß-fnte°pw i‡n-bmb kzm[o\w sNep-

ØnØp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ImWmw. taf-]m-c-

ºcyw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-cbpw, kwKoXw N°w-Ip-f-ß-

cbpw \√ \ne-bn¬ Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. KoX-˛-

\r-Ø-˛-hm-Zy-ß-tf-Xpw-˛-A-]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒhsc ]Tn-

°m≥ thW-sa-¶n¬ C∂n-hnsS Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.

hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ Xmb-º-I-Ifpw, Np‰p-h-

-Øp≈ t£X-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬ apgßnØpS-ßn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p. ]m≠n-bnepw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønepw acSv

Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d°v Hcp]Sn ap∂n-em-Wv. IY-I-fn-°p-

amXw (IY-Ifn tIµsØ ad-∂p-sIm-≠√) Hcp

I\-Ø-thZn F¥p-sImt≠m D≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn

ImWp-∂n-√.

tafw-˛-I-Y-I-fn-˛-kw-KoXw CX ka-RvP-k-

ambn ktΩ-fn-°p∂ as‰m-cp-\mSv ImWm-\m-hn-√.

at‰-sXmcp Iem-]m-c-º-cy-ap≈ \mSm-bmepw ˛

H∂ns‚ B[n-Iy-Øn¬ as‰m-∂ns‚ A`mhw As√-

¶n¬ Ipdhv A\p- -h-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°n-√. Iem-cw-KsØ

Cu kma-RvPkyw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-Øns‚

kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv.

XnømSn cma≥ :˛ apf-¶p-∂-Øp-Imhv "XnømSn cma≥ \ºym¿'. DZ-bm-kvX-ab°qØ-S°w henb Xnøm v

\S-Øp-hm≥ ]m]vXn-bp≈ Ccp-h-cn¬ AZzn-Xo-b≥. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥. Ct∏mƒ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-

bn¬ Xma-kw.

mVecf MjCXD’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬ svÖxbfäTgkW

ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx. FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTxbBfheëeãf Dqh¥fTebgÿleCx.


10

taf-ß-fnse kmwkv°m-cn-Ihpw

Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ

]n.-F≥. \ºq-Xncn

Ie-I-sf√mw Xs∂ kwkv°m-c-Øns‚

k¥-Xn-I-fm-Wv. as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬

kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ kq£vamw-i-ßƒIqSn Ie-I-fn¬

Bg-Øn¬ Bte-J\w sNbvXn-´p-≠m-Ipw. Ah

AXy¥w Kp]vX-ß-fmbpw hy‡-ß-fmbpw tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-h-bm-Imw. Nne-t∏m-g-√, an°-t∏mgpw Ncn-X-

Im-c-∑m¿ Zp¿Kl-ß-fmb ]e ]cn-Wm-a-ß-tfbpw

hymJym-\n-°m≥ Ie-Isf Bi-bn°mdp≠v. CØcw

]T-\-ß-fn¬ A]-[m-\-ß-sf∂p X≈-s∏- -h-bmhmw

a‰p-Nn-e¿°v A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v

hgn-sbm-cp-°p-I. bi:ico-c-\mb Cf-¶pfw Ip™≥

]n≈-bpsS ]T-\-ßƒ CXn\p \nZ¿i-\-am-Wv. ]Ir-

jvS-ß-fmb Ie-Isf A\p-[m-h\w sNbvXp-In- p∂

\nK-a-\-ß-tf-°mƒ ]mIr-Xhpw A\p-jvTm-\-]--c-ß-

fp -amb Ie-Isf ]Tn -®m¬ In´p -∂-hbv°v

sshinjvSyw IqSmw. ImcWw Ah Kmao-W-cpsS

kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. Xnd, sXøw, apSn-tb‰v XpS-ßn-b-

hbv°v Cu kz`mhw D≠v. Ah, ]IrjvS Ie-I-

tfmfw Kth-j-I¿°v AX Ffp∏w hg-ßp-I-bn-s√-

s∂mcp sshj-ay-ap-≠v. Ah-bpsS ASn-th-cp-Iƒ

hfsc Bg-Øn-em-sW-∂-XmWv CXn\p Imc-Ww.

AXp-Xn-c-s™-ØpI ia-I-c-am-Wv. F¶nepw At\z-

j-W-Øn\v Hcp ]tXyI kpJ-ap-≠v.

tIc-f-Øn-\p-amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xmb Hcp

A¤pX Iem-cq-]-k-aq-l-amWv taf-ß-fpw, ]©-hm-

Zy-hpw, Xmbw-]-Ibpw a‰pw. Chbv°v Xpeytam kam-

\tam Bb Hscm‰ Iem-cq]w t]mepw temIØv

Fhn-tSbpw Ds≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. kl-km-_vZ-

ß-tfmfw ]g -°-ap≈ taf -ßƒ Fßs\

F¥n¬\n∂v cq]w-sIm-≠p- F∂v Duln-°p-hm≥

X°-hÆw tcJ-I-sfm∂pw e`y-a√ Xs∂. AXp-

sIm-≠p-X-s∂ Ah-bpsS ]g°w \n¿Æ-bn-°m-h-

X-√. temI-Øn¬ Fhn-tSbpw D¤-hn-°p-Itbm

\ne-\n¬°p-Itbm sNøm-Ø-hn[w Xmf-ßsf

c≠p-ap-J-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ coXnbpw

tIc-f-Øns‚ kzØm-Wv. taf-ß-fpsS D¤-h-Im-e-

Øp-Xs∂ Cu coXn \ne-hn¬ h∂n-cn-°-Ww.

ImcWw IqSp-X¬ ]mNo-\Xzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂

]m≠n-ta-f-Ønepw CXv Zriy-am-Wv. AXy¥w

hnfw_-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn ZpXtam AXn-Zp-Xtam

Bb Ime-Øn¬ Iem-in-°pI BWt√m taf-ssi-

en. Xmf-Ønse AXm-Xp-Im-e-ß-fnse A£c

kwJy-Isf ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bm°n Ipd-

bv°-W-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, AXn-\p-]m-I-Øn¬ Imew

Ib-‰pI F∂ coXn-bpw, Imew Iem-in®v ASp-Ø-

11


Xn-te°p IS-°pI A\n-hm-cy-am-b-hbv°v \ne-

hnse Ime-Øns‚ Cc´n°mew hsc Ib-‰pI

F∂ coXnbpw taf-ß-fn-ep-≠v. Imew Iem-in-

°msX ASpØ Ime-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-h-

bv°p≈ Ia-ambn apdp-Ip∂ ssien lnµp-ÿm\n

kwKo-X-Øn¬ I≠p-ap-´m-sa-¶nepw, taf-ßsf

AXns‚ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv Nn -sN-bvX-sX∂p A\p-

am-\n-°p-∂Xv bmYm¿XyØn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hfnt®m-

´-amtb Icp-Xm-s\m-°q. kao] ]tZ-i-ß-fp-ambn

D≠m-Im-\n -S -bp≈ kº¿°-ßƒ°p-t]mepw

XymPy-amb kzm[o-\-ap≈ tIc-f-I-em-¥-co£w hnZq-

c-amb DØ-tc-¥y≥ ssiensb k¿∆m-fl\m kzoI-

cn®p F∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-lo\w Xs∂.

Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ taf-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw

tIcfw Xs∂ F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØp-∂p.

F¶n¬ Fßs\ F∂ tNmZyw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ kI-

e-Xn-te°pw Hcp ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ i≤sb sIms≠-

Øn-°p-∂p.

Cu coXn-bn¬ taf-ßsf ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v

Ahsb hI-Xn-cn®v hni-I-e\w sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. taf-ß-fpsS LS\ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah ][m-

\-ambpw c≠p-X-c-ß-fm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°mw. Ime-

am‰w hcp-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v CS-¥-e-bnse sIm´p-

Iƒ Ipd-bp-∂-hbpw A√m-Ø-h-bp-am-Wv Ah.

H∂masØ hIp-∏nse taf-ßƒ°v Xmf-Øns‚

eLp-°-fpsS CS-bnse sIm´p-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬

Xr]vXn-bp-≈-t∏mƒ, c≠m-asØ hIp-∏n¬ Xmf-h-

-Ønse BsI sIm´p-I-fpsS FÆw BZy¥w am‰-

an -√msX \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. ^e-Øn¬ H∂v

BZy¥w NXp-c-i-K-Xn-bn¬ Du∂n-\n¬°p-tºmƒ,

at‰Xv A¥y-L-´-Øn¬ AXn-te-bvs°-Øp-∂p.

c≠m-asØ hI taf-ßƒ Xmf-h-´-Ønse A£-

c-Imew Ipd-bp∂ apdbv°v eLp-°-fpsS CS-bnse

sIm´p-Isf Cc- n-bmbn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, H∂ma-

Øh Xmf-h-´-Ønse BsI sIm´p-Isf ]IpXn

hoX-am-°n-°p-d-bv°p-∂p. c≠nepw sIm´p-I-fpsS

FÆw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. H∂n¬ eLp-°-

fpsS CS-bv°p-≈-Xnepw as‰-Xn¬ Xmf-h-´-Ønse

BsI-bp-≈-Xnepw Ft∂ hyXym-k-ap≈p. Ch-

bn¬. A£-c-°me hyXym-k-Øn-\m-\p-]m-Xn-I-

ambn sIm´p-Iƒ Ipd-bp∂ H∂ma-sØ-Øcw taf-

ßsf A\p-tema taf-ß-sf-∂pw, A£-c-Ime

hyXym-k-Øn\p ]Xn-tem-a-am-bn, AY-hm, hn]-co-

Xm-\p-]m-X-Øn¬ sIm´p-Iƒ°v G‰-°p-d-®n¬ hcn-

I-bm¬ c≠m-asØ hI taf-ßsf ]Xn-tema taf-

ßƒ F∂pw hyh-l-cn-°mw.

LS-\m-]-c-ambn c≠mbn Xncn-°m-hp∂ taf-

ß-fn¬ ]ucm-Wn-IXzw IqSp-X-ep≈ taf-ßƒ°v

Dƒs°m-≈m-hp-∂n-S-tØmfw kmwkv°m-cnI LS-

I-ßƒ A¿∆m-No-\-ß-fmbhbpƒs°m-≈pI ]bm-

k-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu ap≥hn-[n-tbmsS taf-ßsf

kao-]n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-lo-\-amb am¿§-am-Wv. ]g-

bh Dev]Øn kw_-‘n-I-fmb kqN-\-Iƒ Xcp-

tºmƒ, Xmc-X-tay\ ]pXn-bh hf¿®-bpsS NcnXw

shfn-s∏Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Ipw. H∂v c≠m-b-tijw

Ah-bpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®p-am-Xta ]n∂oSph∂-h-bp-

≠m-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v ]cn-Wm-a-

am¿§-ßfpw Zi-Ifpw A\m-h-cWw sNøp-hm≥

]pXn -b-h-bpsS klmbw AXym-h-iy-am -Wv.

F¶nepw \ne-hn-ep-≈-h-bn¬ G‰hpw ]pcm-X\w

GXm-sW∂v \n¿Æ-bn-t°-≠Xv ]kvXpX ]T-\-

Øn\v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

]mNo-\-XzsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ t\¿tIm-

ep-I-sf-s°m≠v \nd™ ]m≠n-ta-f-amWv G‰hpw

BZyw DS-se-Sp-ØXv F∂p-d-∏n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-k-

l-am-sW∂v CXn-\p-apºv ImWn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu A`n-

]m-bsØ ]_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv A\p-tema

taf-ß-fnse ]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ BZy- m-Kw. Cu taf-

ß-fnse ]Xn -Imew "XInS'bntebv°v

IS°p∂Xphsc t\¿tIm¬ ][m-\-ß-fm-Wv.

A\p-tema taf-ß-fnse ]Xn-Im-e-Ønse Cu

]q¿∆-L´w ]e-\n-ebv°pw ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚

kz`mhw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. amX-a-√, Ipd-®p-IqSn Bg-

Øn-te-bv°n-d-ßn-bm¬, ]Xn-Im-e-Ønse Cu BZy-

`m-Kw, CX-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw thdn-´p-\n-ev°p-∂-

Xmbpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Xpd-∂-

Sn-I-em-in-°p-∂n-S-Øpw, A\p-tema taf-ß-fnse

]Xn-Im-e-Ønse BZy-`mKw Iem-in-°p-∂n-SØpw

Htc XcØnep≈ hmZ\ k-º-Zmbw ImWmw.

Aßn-s\, AtX-hsc Hcp ]q¿∆-ta-f-Øns‚ ]co-


12

W-X-cq -]-ß-fmbn

DS-se-SpØ Ch,

Cu L´-Øn -\p -

tijw A\p-tem-a-

]-Xn-tem-a-ß-fmbn

]ncn-™-Xm-h-Ww.

t\¿tIm¬ ][m-\-

amb H∂tX apSn-

tb-‰nse Imfn-]p-d-

∏nse hmZy-ssi-

en. apSn-tb‰v Hcp

imt‡-b-I-em-cq-]-

am-Wv. Imfn°v apSn-

h-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv

tZhn°v aZy-sa∂ k¶-ev]-tØm-SpIqSn Ipdp-∏-∑m¿

\mfn-tIcw DS®v AXnse sh≈-tØmSpIqSn \nth-

Zn-°pI ]Xn-hp-≠v. im‡-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ CXns\

km[q-I-cn-°p∂ ]amWw bYm-h-kcw D≤-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v. Hcp tZho-t£-X-Øn-em-sW-¶nte CXn-√m-

bvI-bp-≈p. Kp≠¿´v \nL-≠p-hn¬ ]m≠n F∂-

Xv, _en-°-f-bp-hm≥ hmg-t∏m-f-sIm-≠p-≠m-°p∂

cq]-Øn¬ Ipcp-tØme \dp-°p-Ip-Øn-b-Xm-sW∂p

ImWp∂p (Kp-≠¿ v \nL-≠p-]pdw 600). CXp c≠pw

h®p-t\m-°n-bm¬, ]m≠n-tafw GtXm A]-cn-jvIr-

Xtcm A[:IrXtcm Bb Hcp h¿§-Øns‚ GtXm

imt‡-b-I-em-cq-]-Ønse hmZy-hn-ti-j-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]cn-W-an-®tXm ]cn-W-an-∏n-®tXm Bhm≥

km≤y-X-bp-≠v. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ t\¿tIm¬

\ndhpw imt‡-b-_-‘hpw ]m≠n-ta-fsØ AXn-

]m-No-\-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xm-bn-Im-Wmw.

taf-ßƒ ]I-S-am-°p∂ thsdmcp ]tXy-I-

X-bmWv NXp-c-i-K-Xn. BZy¥w NXp-ciKXnsb

A\p-h¿Øn-°p∂ taf-ßfpw Ah-km\w AXn-

te°v FØn-t®-cp∂ taf-hp-ap-≠v. BZy¥ NXp-c-

i-K-Xn-bp≈ taf-ßƒ°v, Ime-ßƒ Iem-in-

°msX ASpØ Ime-Øn-te°v IS-°p-hm≥ A\p-

hm-Z-an-√. Ah-km-\-Im-e-Øn¬ amXw NXp-c-i-KXn

kzoI-cn-°p∂ taf-ßƒ°v Ime-ßƒ Iem-in®v

ASpØXnte°v ]th-in-°pI F∂ coXn kzoIm-

cy-hp-a-√. X∑qew Ah Ia-ambn apdp-Ip-∂-h-bm-

Wv. BZy¥w NXp-c-i-K-Xn-bp≈ taf-ßƒ°v Imew-

]Xn apdp-tI-≠n-h-

cp-∂p. taf-ßsf

Cu kz`m-h-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

c≠p- h-Ip∏mbn

Xncn-°mw. Ahsb

Ia-Zp -X -ta -f -ß-

sf∂pw hyp¬I-a-

ZpX taf -ß-

sf∂pw hyh-l-cn-

°mw. Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-

ßƒ°v Ime-

\ n ¿Æ -b -Ø n¬

]›m¬K-a-\-an-√.

adn®v hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-ßƒ°m-Is´ Imew-]Xn

]›m¬K-a\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. Cu kz`m-

h-ssh-]-coXyw Ah-bpsS ioe-ß-tfbpw kzm[o-

\n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-bn¬Øs∂ hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-

ß-fpsS Xmf-L-S\ Hcp ]tXy-I-ssien Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂p-≠v. s]mXpth taf-ß-fp-tSbpw ]©-hm-Zy-

Øn-s‚bpw ]Xn-™-Im-e-ßƒ Ah-bpsS apdp-In-

b-Im-e-Øns‚ ]cm-h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. B ASn-

ÿm\ LS\ BZy¥w \ne-\n¿tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

AY-hm, GsX-¶nepw L´-Øn¬ AXv ewLn-°-

s∏-´m¬, kmam-\y-tim-Xm-°-fpsS i≤-bn¬ ]Xn-

™n-s√-¶nepw, B Iem-cq-]-Øn-t\mSpw Xmf-Øn-

t\mSpw sNøp∂ ISpØ A]-cm-[-am-Wv. XmfsØ

Cßs\ hnfw-º-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv Hcp ASn-ÿm-\-

X-XzsØ Ah-ew-_n-®m-Wv. B ASnÿm\w sNº-

S-Xm-f-am-Wv. F∂p-h-®m¬ Xmf-ßsf ]Xn-™-\n-

e-bn -se-Øn-°p-∂Xv sNº-S-°-W-°n-em-sW-

∂¿∞w. Cu \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v ]©mcn 12 sNº-S-

bm-bpw, Nº 10 sNº-S-bm-bpw, sNº-Sbpw A©-

S-¥bpw 8 sNº-S-bm-bpw, AS-¥bpw [phhpw 7

sNº-S-bmbpw, AXm-Xns‚ ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ h¿≤n-

°p-∂p. Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-ßƒ°v Cu \nbaw _m[-I-a-

√. AXns‚ Poh≥, Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Xmf-L-S-

\ -bn¬ hcp -Øp∂ sshNn - Xy -am -Wv . Cu

sshNnXywsIm≠v Hmtcm L´hpw hyXy-kvX-amb

ssNX-\y-Øn-\p-S-a-bm-Ip-∂p. Ia-Zp-X-h¿§-Ønse

AwK-amb ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬, XpS°w apX¬ Hmtcm

13


L -Ønepw Xmf-ssi-enbpw Iem-i-co-Xnbpw tafw-

sIm- p∂ coXnbpw hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. CXm-Wp-

Xm\pw AXns‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-Xbv°v ][m-\-amb

Hcp Imc-Ww. a‰p taf-ßƒ°v, AXm-bXv hyp¬I-

a-ZpX taf-ßƒ°v, Cu kz`m-h-an-√-X-s∂. Ah

]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ \Zn-Isft∏mem-sW-¶n¬, Ia-Zp-

X-ta-f-ßƒ ]md-s°- p-Ifpw Xmgvhmc-Ifpw \nd-™-

X-e-Øn-eqsS IpØn-®m-Sn-sbm-gpIn Npgn-Ifpw

i‡n-bmb Hgp°n-∂p-S-a-bp-ambhbpsS kz`m-h-

amWv ]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv. hyp¬I-a-ZpX hIp-∏nse

]kn-≤-amb ]©m-cn-bn¬ amXw k¿∆-km-[m-c-

W-ambn \S-∏p≈ H‰t°m¬ kº-Zm-b-atX

AXns\ kzmZn-jvS-am-°p-∂-Xv. an°-hmdpw c≠p

tImep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v amXw a‰p hyp¬I-a-Zp-X

tafßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp-sIm-≠mImw Ah

Zp¿e-`-am-bn-amXw cwK-sØ-Øp-∂-Xv. Ah-bnepw

H‰t°m¬ kº-Zmbw Acp-Xm-bvI-bn-√. Hcp ]t£

taf-Øns‚ ssZ¿Lyw Hcp LS-I-am-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.

F¶n¬, Hs´ms° ]©m-cn-bpsS ka-b-tØmfw

]tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂Xpw A©p-Im-e-Øns‚ Nn´-bp-

≈-Xp-amb (N-º°v \mep-Im-e-®n´-bp-ap-≠v) Nº-

tafw hnc-f-amtb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≈q. CSw

ssIbpsS \mZw sIm≠p-amXw ]©mcn "taP¿

taf'ambn F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. ]©m-cn-bpsS

C∂p \S-∏p≈ ]Xn-Imew AX ]g-°-ap-≈-X-

s√∂p ÿm]n-°m≥ bp‡n-I-fp-≠v. AXn-\p-apºv

Nº-bm-bn-cp∂p G‰hpw hen-b-ta-fw. Aßs\

t\m°p-tºmƒ ]m≠n-bpsS Akm-am\y ]`m-h-

tØmSv InS-\n -ev°m≥ ]m]vX-am-°m-\mImw

C∂sØ ]Xn-Im-esØ Nn´-s∏-Sp -Øn-bXpw

CSwssI kº-Zmbw Dƒs°m-≈n-®-Xpw. Fß-s\-

bm-bmepw Ia-Zp-X-kz-`mhw DW¿Øp∂ sshIm-

cn-Im-thi w hyp¬Ia-Zp-X-Xz-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-s∏-

Sm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Xnan-e-Ifpw a±-f-ßfpw Ah-

cp-tS-Xmb mK-ßƒ ka¿∞ambn ]tbm-Kn®v Hcp

Iq´n-s°m´pw Ign™v CS-bv°bv°v cwKw Hgn™p-

sIm-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, AtX-hsc a±-fhpw Xnan-ebpw

tN¿s∂m-cp-°nb i_vZ-]-]©w A∏msS \jvS-

s∏´v ]©-hmZyw Hcp \n»-_vZm-h-ÿsb ]m]n-

°p-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. AtX-t]mse, IY-I-fn-bn¬

BZy-cw-K-ß-fn¬ Xnc-t\m-°p-Ifpw, Xt‚-Sm- -ßfpw,

]S-]p-d-∏m-Sp-Ifpw, bp≤-h- hpw, bp≤hpw a‰pw IpØn-

\n-d-®v, XpS¿∂v ]Xn™ ]Z-ßfpw kvXoth-j-cw-

K-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ Acßv Dd-ßn-b-a-´m-Ipw.

CXv Hcp t]mcm-bva-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]kvXp-X-ÿnXn

hntijw hyp¬I-a-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnepw ImWmw. Hcp

Imew XpSßn ZpX-K-Xn-bn-seØn cwKw Iog-S-°n-

°-gn-™m¬ B Imew Iem-in-°p-I-bm-bn. AtXm-

sS, AtX-hsc \nd-™p-\n∂ \mZ-[mc apdn™v

A]-Xy-£-am-Ip∂ Hcp ]XoXn DZv`q-X-am-Ip-∂p.

Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fpsS A\p-I-a-Im-em-tcm-lW

ssien-bm-tWm, AtXm hyp¬I-a-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fpsS

CuZri-X-cw-Km-fl-I-Im-em-tcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-lW

coXn-bmtWm ]mNo\w F∂Xv N¿®m hnj-b-am-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp hkvXpX t\csØ bp‡y-\p-

kmcw \n¿Æ-bn-®p-I-gn-™-Xm-Wv. sIm´p-I-fpsS

kz`m-h-Ønse ]mNo-\-XzsØ ASn-ÿm\ ]am-

W-am-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ia-ZpX taf-ß-fmWv

]mNo-\-ßƒ. F¶n¬ hyp¬I-a-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnse

Xmf-]-≤Xn XnI®pw A¿∆m-No-\-amtb Xocp.

Cßs\ Cu c≠p taf-]-≤-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw Ime-

\n¿Æbw sNøp-tºmƒ AtX hnj-b-kw-_-‘n-

bmbn Ah-bn¬ thtdbpw LS-I-ßƒ Hfn™p-

In-S-∏p-≠m-Imw. Ah, Hcp ]t£, taf-ß-fn-tebv°v

Ipsd-°qSn shfn®w hoin-tb-°mw. A]-[m-\-sa∂v

]Y-a-Zr-jvSym- t_m-[-ap-≠m-°p-∂-h-bmImw Hcp

]p\:]T-\-Øn\v apXn-cp-tºmƒ ][m-\-ß-fm-bn-Øo-

cp-I.

Hcp ]Xnhv F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ia-ZpX taf-

ßƒ hyp¬I-a-Zp-X-ta-f-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn

]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu IasØ Hcp ][m-\-h-

kvXp-X-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬, hyp¬I-a-ZpX ]≤-

Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-®mWv Ia-ZpXzw cq]w-

sIm-≠p-sX∂p ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. CXv a‰p \nK-a-\-

ßƒ°v hn]-co-X-am-Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-sIm≠v

Cu Iaw thsd h√Xpw [z\n-∏n-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v

At\z-jn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-\p-apºv HcnSØp

kqNn-∏n-®-Xpt]m-se, t£X-ß-fn¬ Xncp-ap-‰Øpw

aXn-e-IØpw ]Xn-hp≈ Hcp tafw, aXn-e-IØp

]th-in-°m≥t]mepw Ah-Im-i-an-√mØ Hcp taf-

Øn\v ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m

]Xn-hv. GtXm Hcp imt‡-b-k-º-Zm-b-Øn¬


14

\n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™-sX∂p k¶-ev]n-°m-hp∂ Ia-

Zp-X-ta-f-ßƒ, i‡ym-cm-[\m hn[n-I-fpsS ]tXy-

I-X-Iƒs°m-≠mImw t£X-a-Xn-e-IØp \n∂pw

`jvS-am-b-Xv. i‡ym-cm-[-\°v "a'Imc ]©Iw

AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-ß-fm-Wv. im‡-Z¿i-\-Øn¬.

""aZyw-amwkw XYm-a’yw apZm-ssa-Yp-\-ta-hN

aIm-c-]-©Iw IrXzm-]p-\¿÷-∑\ hnZytX''

(im-‡-Z¿i\w 5. ]pdw 126)

F∂p ImWp-∂p. aIm-c-]-©Iw Xs∂ euIn-I-

sa∂pw buKn-I-sa∂pw c≠p-X-c-ambn IW-°m-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. hmNym¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf euIn-I-ß-

sf∂pw [z\ym¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf buKn-I-sa∂pw

IW-°m-°p-∂p. AYhm t`mK-kw-_-‘m¿∞-kzo-

Ir-X-ßsf euIn-I-sa∂pw cmP-tbm-K-kw-_-

‘m¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf buKn-I-sa∂pw hyh-l-cn-

°p-∂p. buKnI am¿§-Øn¬ ]©-a-Im-c-ßƒ°v,

1. aZyw

""tkma-[m-cm-£-tcZvbmXp _“-c-‘m-Zz-cm-\tX

]oXzm-\-µ-a-b-kvXzmwb:k Gh aZy-km-[I:

2. amwkw

am -i-_vZm-Z-k-\m-t⁄-bm-X-Zw-im≥ck-\m-]ntb

kZmtbm`-£-tb-t±-hn-k-G-h-amw-k-km-[I:

3. a’yw

KwKm-b-ap-\-tbm¿Ω-t≤y-Zzua’ym NcX:kZm

Xua-’u- -£-tbZvb-kvXp-k- -th-∑-’y-km-[I:

4. apZm

kl-kmcw alm-]tfl I¿Æn-Im-ap-Zo-Xm-N-tc¬

BflmX-ssX-h-tZ-th-in-tI-he:]mc-tZm-]a:

kqcy-tIm-Sn-]-Xo-Im-i-›-µ-tImSn kpio-Xf:

AXo-h-I-a-\o-b-›-a-lm-Ip-WvU-en-\o-bpX:

bky-⁄m-t\m-Z-b-kvX-X-ap-Zm-km-[-I-D-Ny-tX.

5. ssaYp\w

Ipe-Ip-WvU-en-\o-i-‡n¿t±-ln-\mw-tZ-l-[m-cnWo

Xbm-io-h-ky-kw-tbm-tKm-ssa-Yp\w ]cn-Io¿ØnXw''

(im-‡-Z¿i\w 5)

F∂ k¶-ev]-am-Wv. im‡-∑m-cn¬Øs∂ Iuf-

an-X-k-a-bm-Nm-c-t`-Z-ap-≠v. Ch-bn¬ ]Ya ]pcp-

jm¿∞-]m-]vXn - ap -Jy-e-£y-ambn ImWp∂

IufnI X¥w thZ-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂p ⁄m\m¿Æ-

h-X¥w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""Iuf-an-i-]-Yu-tl-bu-\n-Xyw-Ku-cn-Zzo-Pm-Xn`n:'

im‡-Z¿i\w Cu hnj-b-Øn¬,

"im‡m\mw Ipem-Nm-tcm-an-im-Nmc:ka-bm-Nmc:

CXn-t`-tZ\ am¿§-X-b-ap-Ny-tX. tXjmw at[yb

X]q¿t∆m‡ euIn-I-]-©-a-Im-cmWmw Iobm

flI: ]tbmtKm h¿Ø-tX, XYm NXp¿∆-¿§mWmw

at[y-Im-akym¿∞ky-N-]p-cp -jm¿∞-Zz -bky

em`m¿∞w apJy-`m-th-\m-\p-jvTm-\-©-hn-ZytX k

Gh Ipe-am¿t§m thZ-hn-cp≤:''

(im. Z. 125)

F∂v hn[n-°p-∂p. mhm-Nm-c-N¿®-bn¬ Ah-Xs∂

im‡-Z¿i-\-Im-c≥ kn≤m-¥n-°p-∂p. hniz-km-c-

X-¥-]-Imcw.

"sshZn-Iw-ssh-jvWhw ssihw Z£nWw]m-ihw kvarXw

kn≤m-¥-hm-ta-ho-tcXp Znhyw k¬°u-f-ap-NytX'

CXn¬ \n∂pw DØ-a-]-ip-`m-h-Øn\v sshZn-I-ssh-

jvWh ssih-Z-£n-Wm-Nm-c-ß-ftX hnln-X-am-bn-

´p-≈-Xv. hoc-`m-h-Øn\v hmam-Nm-chpw Znhy-`m-h-

Øn\v Iufm-Nm-chpw BN-c-Wo-b-ambn hcp-∂p.

k¿t∆m-√m-k-X-¥-Øn¬,

""BNm-c-aqew PmXn: kymZm-Nmcm:imkvX-aq-eI:

tZh-hmIyw imkvX-aqew tZh:km[-I-aq-eI:

Inbm-aqew km[-I-ky-Io-bm-]o-^-e-aq -eIm

^e-aqew kpJ-tah kpJ-am -\ -µ -aq -eIw

B\µw ⁄m\-aqew N ⁄m\w t⁄b-ky-aq-eIw

XØz⁄m\w t⁄b-amXw XØzw-ln-_-“-aq-eIw

_“-⁄m-\-ssa-Iy-aq-e-ssaIyw ln k¿∆-aq-eIw

sFIyw-ln-]-c-ta-im-\n-`m-hm-XoXw kp\n-›nXw''

15


Hcp hy‡n `mhm-Xo-X-\mbn Xocp-∂-Xns‚ Ia-

atX Cu hcn-I-fn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. im‡-

Z¿i-\-Im-c≥ Cu hnjbw "k¿∆w-J-ev]n-Zw-_“'

F∂ D]-\n-j-Zzm-Iy-Øn-te°v FØn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

""tl ]c-ta-im\n! BNm-c -tah h¿Æm\mw

]Y-a-Im-c-Ww. BNm-c-›-im-kvX-P\y:, tZh

hmIym-\n-im-kvXm-Wn, tZh-›-km-[ssI:]qP

\ob:, Inbm-hm≥ Jep-km-[I: Iobm-N-ê

km[n-Im, ê-›-kp-J-ta -h, kpJ-am -\µw:

⁄m\aq-e-am-\µ: t⁄b-aqew ⁄m\w, t⁄b

amXw XØz-aq-ew, XØzw ln _“-aq-e-Iw,

_“-⁄m\w sFIy-aq-ew, sFIyw ln k¿∆

aqe-Iw, k¿∆w-J-ev]nZw _t“Xn''

(im. Z. 5 ]pd. 119)

B\-µ-amWv _“-Øns‚ cq]-Kp-W-ß-sf∂v

hmZyhpw thZhpw F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ hy‡-am-

°n-bn- p-≠v. taep-≤-cn® k¿t∆m-√m-k-X-¥-Ønse

hcn-I-sf-s°m≠pw hniz-km-c-X-¥-Ønse hcn-I-

sf-s°m≠pw Iuf-am¿t§m-ev]-∂-ß-fmWv taf-ß-

sf-∂pw, Ah-bn¬ Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fpsS ]kvXp-

kz-`mhw Cu \nK-a-\-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ B°-ap-≠m-

°p-∂p-s≠∂pw a\- n -em-°mw. Iuf-am¿§-

Øn¬Øs∂ euIn -Ihpw buKn -I -hp -amb

am¿§ßfp-≠-t√m. ]pcp-jm¿∞-ß-fn¬ A¿∞-Im-

a-ßsf e£ywh®p≈ Kmay-I-em-cq-]-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™-h-bm-hWw Ch. Imfn-Im-]p-

cm-W-Øn¬ _en-In-b°v arK-ßƒ°p ]I-c-am-bn,

""Iqivam-WvU-an-£p-J-WvU-©-a-Zy-amw-km-k-h-G-hN

GtX_en-kam:t]m‡m-kvXr-]vtXm-Om-Kam:kZm''

(Im. ]p. 67. 25)

F∂pw, aZy-Øn-\p-]-I-c-am-bn,

""Ah-iyw -hn -ln -Xw-b-X-a -Zyw -X-X-ZznP:]p\:

\mcn-tI-tem-Z-Iw-Imw-tky-Xm-ta-hm-hn-kr-tP-∑[p:''

F∂pw ImWp-∂p. \mfn-tI-c-sh≈w _m“-W¿°p-

th≠n hn[n®-Xm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-Wv. Iq´-Øn¬

tN¿°-s´, ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ AXm-bXv Ia-ZpX

taf-Øns‚, ]q¿∆-cq-]-ß-fn¬ Hs∂s∂-¶nepw

k¶¬∏n-t°≠ apSn-tb‰v F∂ Iem-cq]w thW-

sa∂p \n›-bn® Znhkw CØcw \nth-Zy-ßƒ

\S-Øm-dp-s≠∂v Adn-hm-bn-´p-≠v.

Iuf-am¿§w thZ-hn-cp-≤hpw _m“-W¿°v

\njn-≤-hp-am-sW-∂n-cn-s°, AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´

Hcp Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-bmb Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-

sØ, thZm-Nm-c-k-abm--Nm-c-\n-jvT-amb t£Xm-¶-

W-Øn¬, Cu \nebv°v ]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xnte

A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-\p-≈p. Hs´ms° Iuf-am¿§-kzo-Ir-

X-ß-fmb tZho-t£-X-ß-fn-emWv Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-

ßƒ ]mIm-c-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xv. AY-

hm˛s]cp-h\w ]qc-Øn\v Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXm-

hns‚ ]m≠n-tafw DZm-l-cWw ˛ CX-c-t£-X-ß-

fn¬ \S-∏p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn\v ]tXyI Imc-W-hp-

ap-≠m-Ipw. B hI ]tXyI hnj-b-ß-fn-tebv°v

IS-°p-∂Xv Cu ]T-\-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn°pw A∏p-

d-Øm-Wv. Imc-Ww, ]kvXpX hnjbw A\p-jvTm-

\-]-c-ß-fmb a‰p-Nn-e-Xns\ Bi-bn-°p-∂p-≠m-I-

Ww. amX-a-√, s]cp-h\w Bdm- p-]pg ]qc-°m-eØv

B ]tZ-i-hm-kn-Iƒ°v ]tXy-I-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-´p≈ s]cp-am-‰-®-´w-t]m-se, Hcp ]tZ-i-

Øns‚ apgp-h≥ c£m-I¿ØrXzw Iøm-fp∂

aq¿Øn F∂p IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp alm-t£-

X-Øns‚ X´-I-Ønse a‰p t£X-ß-fnse NS-

ßp-Iƒ B aq¿Øn-bpsS lnX-a-\p-k-cn®v \nP-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-h-bp-am-Imw. ChnsS sshZnI ssZhn-I-

am¿§m-\p-km-cn-bmb Hcp tafw, ani-sIutfm-

ev]∂amb thsdmcp taf-Øn\v ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn

]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xnse kmwK-Xyhpw HuNn-Xyhpw

]T\-hn-j-b-am-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ie-i-ßƒ ]qPn-°p-tºm-

gpw, Ah _nw_-Øn-em-Sp-tºmgpw cwK-]-thiw

sNøp-∂, AXp-sIm≠pw sshZn-I-ssZ-hn-I-am¿§m-

\p-km-cn-bm-Ip∂ sNº-S-ta-fw, aXn-¬°-I-Øp-

t]mepw ]th-in-°m-\¿l-X-bn-√m-ØX `jvSp-I-

ev]n-°-s∏-ń-´p≈ Hcp taf-Øn\v AI-º-Sn-bmbn

Xocp-∂Xv A¤p-X-Øn\v hI-\¬Ip-∂p. sNºS

Xmf-Øn¬ sNº-S-\-S-bn¬ \mep Ime-Øns‚ Nn -

bp≈ km£m¬ sNº-S-ta-f-Øns‚ GI-tZicq]-

km-Zr-iyw-t]mepw ]I-Sn-∏n-°mØ Cu sNºS taf-

sØ-Ø-s∂ Ft¥, GI Xmf-Øn¬Øp-Sßn

A¥y-L-´-Øn¬ amXw ˛ Iem-i-ß-fn-en-s√-∂-√,

taf-am-Wn-hnsS ][m\w ˛ sNº-S-\-S-sb, AXm-

bXv sshZnI ssZhoI am¿§sØ kzoI-cn-°p∂

Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-Øn\v ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn thW-sa∂p


16

\n›-bn®p? AXn¬ shdp-samcp bmZr-—n-IX amX-

ta-bp≈p F∂pw, ]n∂oSv AXv Hcp NS-ßmbn amdn-

b-Xp-am-sW∂p ]d-s™m-gn-bp-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw _men-

i-am-Wv.

]kvXp sNºS taf-tØbpw XpS¿∂p≈

Ia-ZpX taf-tØ-bpw, Ah-bpsS LS-\-bpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNbvXp ]Tn-®m¬ Hcp

]t£ Cu BImw-£bv°v ]cn-lm-c-am-Imw.

t£X-ß-fnse Xncp-ap‰Øv Ieiw ]qPn-°p-

tºmgpw BSp-tºmgpw sIm´m-dp≈ Cu sNºS taf-

Øn\v c≠p-Im-e-Øns‚ Nn´-tb-bp-≈p io`q-X-_-

en-bn¬ hen-b -_-en-°-√n¬ Xqhp-tºmƒ DØ-c-

tI-c-f-Ønepw DØ-c-a[y tIc-f-Ønepw Cu taf-

amWv ]Xn-hv. B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Zp¿e-`-am-sb-¶nepw

32 A£-c-Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn-™-Im-ew sIm´n-t°-

t´m¿Ω-bp-≠v. AXv 16 A£-c-Øn-ep≈, ChnsS

]T\ hnj-b-am-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ taf-Øns‚ ]Y-

a-Imew Xs∂-bm-sW-s∂mcp ]£-ap-≠v. F∂m¬

sNº-S-ssi-en-bnepw AS-¥-ssi-en-bn-ep-ap≈ taf-

ß-fpsS Ime-ß-fpsS Xodp-I-emi coXn Cu ]Xn-

Im-e-Ønepw ImWp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v AXv Hcp

]tXy-I-Imew Xs∂-bm-sW∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-

tebv°v Xncn-®p-h-cmw. Cu sNºS taf-Øn\v a‰p

hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-ß-tf-°mƒ LS\m]c-ambn

Nn¥n-®m¬ ]g-°-ap-s≠∂p t_m[y-am-Ipw. a‰p taf-

ß-fpsS Xmf-h-´m-h-km-\-Øn-se-t∏mse CX-c-Xm-

f-J-WvU-ßsf CXn¬ Is≠Øp-I-bn-√. CS-°m-

em-i-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ \S-∏p≈ Xmf-L-S-\-bnse

]©m-cn-km-∂n≤yw Hcp ]t£ \ho-\-am-Imw.

F∂m¬ CXns‚ Ah-km\ Ime-Øn¬, Cu tafw

]m≠n taf-Øn\v ]q¿∆mw-K-am-bn-s°m-´p-tºmƒ,

]©mcn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Cu taf-Øns‚ Ah-

km\ Ime-Ønse BZysØ CS-°-em-i-Øn-\p-ap-

ºmWv Cu ]©m-cn-Iƒ cwK-]-thiw sNøp-∂-Xv.

Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-amb ]m≠n-bpsS c≠mwIme-Øns‚

c≠mw L´-amb CS-Im-e-Ønepw Chsb I≠p-

ap´mw F∂p-h®v ]m≠n Hcp \ho\ taf-]-≤-Xn-bm-

sW∂pw sNºS-tb-°mƒ A¿∆m-No-\-am-sW∂pw

hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-k-l-am-I-bn-√. Hcp

]t£ ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønepw Nne- L-S\m hnti-j-

ßƒ CS-°m-eØv h∂p-s]-´n-´p-≠m-Imw. ]©m-cn-

ta-f-Ønse C∂sØ ]Xn-Imew Hcp \ho\ kw`m-

h-\-bm-sW-∂v, AXn-\p-amXw k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-bm-

bp-≈Xpw C∂sØ ]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ cq]-km-Zr-

iy-ap-≈Xpamb Hcp c≠mw-Im-em-cw` ssien-D-≈-

Xp-sIm≠v A\p-am-\n-°mw. B hn[-Øn¬ ]m≠n-

ta-f-hpw, Hcp]-t£, Hcp \ho-I-c-W-Ønt\m

]p\:Iao-I-c-W-Ønt\m hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.

]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\v apºv sIm´p∂ sNºS taf-

Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Im-e-amWv ChnsS ]T-\-hn-j-b-

am-°p-∂-Xv. aptº kqNn-∏n-®-t]m-se, CXns‚

c≠mw-Im-e-Øns‚ BZysØ CS-°-em-i-Øn\v

aq∂p sNºS h´w apºp apX¬ Xmf-L-S-\-bn¬

hyXymkw hcp-Øp-∂p. Nne-ta-f-ß-fn¬ Ah-km\

Ime-Øn¬ AS-®p-Xmfw ]nSn-®n-

cp-∂Xv Ipg-a-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-tijw

Xpd-∂p-]n-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. F∂n-cp-

∂mepw Xmf -L-S -\ -bn¬

hyXymkw hcp-Øm-dn-√. Cu

Xmf-L-S-\m-am-‰-Øn\v ]k-‡n-

sb¥v F∂v Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p. Hcp tafw XpS-ßn-bm¬

XpS-ßn-b-Im-e-Øn¬ km[m-

cW Dcp-fp-tIm¬ ]Xn-hn-√.

XpS¿∂p≈ Ime-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-

hp-ap-≠v. ]Xn-hp-s≠-∂-Xn¬

IqSp-X¬ \n¿∫-‘-hp-am-Wv. Cu

17


sNº-S-ta-f-Øn¬ XpS-ßnb Ime-Øn¬ Dcp-fp-

tIm¬ ]Xn-hn-√. c≠mw Ime-Ønepw ]Xn-hn-√.

CXv CXns‚ amXw ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. amX-hp-a-

√, AtX-hsc Hcp Iem-i-h-´-Øn¬ Xmf-h-´-

ßƒ°v Hcp sNºS \ofhpw Hmtcm sNº-Sbpw

AXns‚ bYm¿∞ kz`m-h-hp-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. Iem-

i-tijw c≠m-asØ Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ Iem-i-ß-

fp-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. Cu kµ¿`-Ønepw Hcp Iem-i-h-´-

Øn¬ F´p sNº-S-Itf D≠mIq F∂-Xp-sIm≠v

taf-Øns‚ LS-\-bn¬ hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂p ]d-bp-

∂Xv A¿∞-iq-\y-am-sW∂v Hcp hmZ-K-Xn-bp-≠v.

taf-ß-fn¬ ASp-Ø-Sp-Øp≈ Xmf-ß-fn¬ H∂v Ah-

km-\n-®p-sh∂pw ASp-ØXv XpSßn F∂pw

Fßs\ \n¿Æ-bn°mw? H∂pIn¬, ]©mcn

A©mw Ime-Øn-se-t∏mse ˛ AXn¬ Xpd-∂Sn

amX-ta-bp≈p ˛ IrXy-ssZ¿Ly-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂

\n»-_vZ-Inb CXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. as‰mcp Xc-

Øn¬, Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv

AS®pw Xpd-∂p-am-sW-¶n¬, XpS¿®-bmbn IqSp-X¬

XhW Xpd∂p]nSn® v Hcp \n»-_vZ - In -

bbv°ptijw ho≠pw AS-®p-Xmfw ]nSn®p XpS-

ßp-∂Xv Hcp Xmf-h´w Ign™v ASpØ Xmf-h´w

XpSßn F∂Xns‚ kpN-\-bm-Ipw. Hcp XhW

AS®pw ]ns∂ Xpd∂pw sNºS \memw-Im-ew-

t]mse Xmfw ]nSn-®m¬ Cu kz`mhw hy‡-am-I-

bn-√. AS¥ aq∂mw Ime-Øn-epw, \mep-Im-e-am-

bn-s°m-´p∂ Nº-ta-f-Øns‚ \memw Ime-Ønepw

IqSp-X¬ AS®pXmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw kzoImcya-√.

Ch-sbms° B taf-ß-fpsS ssien-I-fm-Wv. CXv

A©-S¥ aq∂mw Ime-Ønepw ImWmw. c≠m-

asØ JWvU-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ \me-£c sNº-

Ssb c≠m-asØ JWvU-tØmSv tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-°p-

∂Xv i≤n-®m¬ Cu hn`m-¥n°v kam-[m-\-am-Ipw.

Xpd-∂p≈ B Iq´n-∏n-Sp-Ø-tØmsS amXta Xmf-

h´w ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-∂p-≈q. CXp-t]mse ]kvXpX

sNºS taf-Øns‚ c≠mw Ime-Ønse BZy-I-

em-i-ti-j-ap≈ c≠m-asØ Xmf-h-´-ßƒ cq]-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. ]©mcn aq∂mw Ime-Øn-tebpw

\memw Ime-Øn-te-bpw-t]mse Iem-i-tijw \n»-

_vZ-In-b-bn-√msX Hcp sNº-S-\ofw Iem-i-tØm-

sSm∏w Iq´n-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw ImWmw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn

]Ya Iem-i-Øn-\p-apºv ]I-Sn-∏n® hnti-j-Xm-f-

L-S-\sb ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. BZy-Xm-f-h-´-tijw

c≠m-asØ Xmf-h´w AS-®p-]n-Sn-®mWv XpS-ßp-∂-

Xv. C°m-c-W-Øm-epw, ]kvXp-X-Xm-f-h-´m-h-km\w

Iem-i-sa-Sp-°p∂p F∂-Xp-sIm≠pw, ]m≠n-°p-ap-

ºv sIm´p∂ sNº-S-bpsS c≠mw Ime-Ønse BZy-

I-em-i-tijw F√m c≠mw Xmf-h-´-Øn-ep-amWv

Iem-i-sa-∂p-d -∏n -°mw. tafm-h-km-\-Ønse

coXnsb Kuc-h-am-sb-Sp-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂p

tXm∂p-∂n-√. taf-i-cocw Ign-™p-h-t√m. A©-

S¥ \memw Ime-Øn¬ BZy¥w Cu coXn-bm-

sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ sNº-S-tafw Cu coXn AXn¬

\n∂pw IS-sa-SpØp F∂v hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-

l-Xym-]-c-am-Wv.

taf-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ kn≤m-¥-ß-fn-sem-

∂tX Hcp Iem-i-h-´-Øn-se-am-X-a√ Hcp Ime-

Ønse Xmf-h-´-ß-fpsS A£-c-Im-ehpw Xpey-am-

I-W-sa-∂-Xv. ]T-\-hn-j-b-amb sNº-S-tafw Cu

kn≤m-¥sØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂n-√. ta¬ hnh-cn-®-

hn[w Xmf-h-´-ßsf \n¿Æ-bn-®m¬ Hcp Iem-i-h-

´-Øn¬ BsI-bp≈ c≠p Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ BZy-

tØ-Xn\v 24 A£-chpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xn\v 40 A£-

c-hp-am-sW∂p ImWmw. CsXt¥ Cßs\; As√-

¶n¬ F¥n-\n-ßs\ Nn -s∏-SpØn? bi:ico-c-\mb

Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-cm-en, apdn-b-S¥ C∂p

ImWpw-hn[w Xni-ambpw JWvU-ambpw ani-ambpw

Xmfw-]n-Sn-®p-]mSn h´w-h®p Iem-i-ßƒ°v h´w-X-

´p-tºmƒ Xni-ambn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv, ]q¿∆m-Nm-cy-∑m-

cpsS i≤-°p-d-hp-sIm-≠m-sW-∂p kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]m-

se, sNº c≠mw Ime-Ønse ]kvXpX ÿnXn

hntijw taf-I-em-Zm¿i-\n-I¿°v ssI∏ng h∂-

Xm-sW∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ X°-h-Æ-ap≈

Xt‚Sw Cu teJ-I-\n-√. adn-®v, B coXn ]q¿∆m-

Nm-cy-∑m¿ t_m[-]q¿∆w k∂n-th-in-∏n-®-Xm-

sW∂pw AXn¬ thsd Fs¥ms°tbm Hfn™p

InS-∏p-s≠t∂m Hfn∏n-®p-h-®n-´p-s≠t∂m hniz-kn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

"hmZyhpw thZhpw' F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬

sNº-S-\S sshZn-Ihpw ssZhn-I-hp-am-sW∂v hy‡-

am-°n-bn- p-≠v. sNº-S-Xm-f-Øn¬ sNº-S-\-S-bn-ep≈


18

Hcp taf-am-Wt√m ]T\-hn-j-bw. ap≥]v hy‡-am-

°n-b-t]mse Cu tafw, BtLmj ka-bØv

]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xpw \mep-Im-e-Nn-´-bp-≈-Xp-amb

sNºS taf-hp-ambn LS\bn¬ bmsXmcp kmay-

hp-an-√. Cu taf-Øn\v BtLm-j-]-c-X-sb-°mƒ

IqSp-X¬ A\p-jvTm-\n-I-X-bn-emWv ]m[m-\yw.

CXns‚ ]Xn-Im-e-Ønepw c≠mw Ime-Ønepw

Xmbw-]-I-bnse FÆ-ßƒ sIm´m-dp-≠v. CXp-t]m-

se, ]©m-cn-tafw Ign™v AS¥ aq∂mw-Imew

XpS-ßn-bmepw FÆ-ßƒ sIm´m-dp-≠v. Cu sNº-

S-tafw apºp ImWn-®-t]mse ][m-\-ambpw Ie-

i-ßƒ ]qPn-°p-tºmgpw BSp-tºm-gp-amWv sIm´m-

dv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ie-i-s®ºS Fs∂mcp

t]cp-IqSn CXn-\p-

≠v. AjvS-_-‘-

I-eiw \ho-I-c-

W-I -eiw apf -

]qP F∂n -

hbv°pw CXp -

Xs∂ sIm´p-∂p.

tZho-t£-X-ß-

fnepw a‰pw Ifw-

]q-Pbv°pw CXp-

Xs∂ sIm´p-∂p.

apSn-tb-‰n¬ Imfn

]pd-∏mSv Cu taf-

tØm -sS -bmWv

XpS-ßmdv Aßs\ A\p-jvTm-\-kz- mhw XnI-™p-

\n¬°p∂ Cu taf-atX imt‡-b-I-em-k-¥-

Xnbpw t£X-a-Xn-eIw \njn-≤-hp-amb ]m≠n-ta-

f-Øn\v ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn sIm´p-∂-Xv. Ft¥ AX-

ßs\? t£X-Ønse A\p-jvTm\ hnj-b-ß-fn¬

kPo-h-am-bn-cw-K-sØ-Øp-∂, ]cn-ip≤n ]c-am-h[n

Bhm-ln®ph®n -´p≈ Cu tafw, Aip≤n

Bthmfw kzmwio-I-cn-®-sX∂p apZ-Ip-Ø-s∏- n- p≈

]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\p ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn Ft¥ \n›-bn-

°-s∏´p? AXpw bmZr-›n-I-am-Im≥ hgn-bn-√.

Ia-ZpX taf-h¿§-Ønse ][m\ AwK-ambn

]m≠n-ta-fw, BZyw kqNn-∏n-®-t]m-se, Ah-km-\-

Im-e-Øn¬ NXp-c-i-K-Xnsb ]m]n-°p∂ Hcp taf-

am-Wv. ]Xn-Im-e-Ønepw c≠mw-Im-e-Ønepw CS°

emi-k-a-bØv NXp-c-i-KXn ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-

∂Xv hnK-Wn-®√ Cßs\ Ipdn-®-Xv. ÿmbn-bmbn

NXp-c-i-KXn Ah-km-\-Im-e-Ønte ]I-S-am-Ip-

∂p≈p F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Aßs\ Ipdn-®-

Xv. Cu hkvXp-Xbpw CS-°-em-i-ß-fnse NXpc-

i-KXn kzoIm-chpw ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

"a'Imc-XØz ]©-I-ß-fpsS euInI

k¶ev] ][m-\-ß-fmb Kmay-I-em-cq-]-ß-fn¬

\n∂p-ev]-∂-amb Ia-Zp-X-ta-fw, Ah-bnse ]tbm-

K-P-\y-]-IrXn ]I-S-am-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬, AXv A\-

h-[m-\-X-aq-e-am-sWt∂m _ln:t]c-W-aq-e-am-

sWt∂m hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ, B coXn-

bpsS ]Xn-^-e-

\-am-sW∂v hne-

bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-em-

hnt√ bp‡n-k-

l-Xbpw _u≤n-

I -Xbpw IqSp -

X¬? F¶n¬

a Ø p - ] n - S n ® v

]q¿∆m-]-c-_-‘-

a n - √ m - t X b p w

B\p-]q¿∆n-t_m-

[ -a n -√m -tXbpw

] q ¿ t∆m -Ø - c -

h¿Ø-am-\m-⁄-

ambn btYjvSw kzmflm-\p-`q-Xn°p tN¿∂-]Sn

\nb-a-c-ln-X-am-bn-Øs∂bp≈ Hcp ]tbm-K-kz-

`mhw ]m≠n-tafw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠m-h-Ww, Ah-

km-\-Im-e-Xm-f-Øn\v Hcp "XInS'bpw Hcp "Xcn-

InS'bpw tN¿∂ cq]-amWv ]m≠n-°p-≈-Xv. CXn¬

BZy-J-WvU-amb "XInS', Hmtcm-L- -Ønepw hyXy-

kvX-amb LS\ ]I-S-am-°p-∂p. "taf-ß-fnse \nKq-

-V-X-Iƒ' F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ taf-ßƒ Xmf-ß-

fpsS taf-am-sW∂ hkvXpX hni-Zo-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ

Cu hnj-bsØ kv]¿in-®n-cp-∂p. aq∂mw Ime-

Ønse aq∂-£cw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ "XInS' F∂

BZy-JWvUw ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ 12 A£-c-ambn

h¿≤n-°-W-a-t√m. Cu 12 A£cw Bd-£-c-ap≈

19


1˛Dw 3 A£-c-ap≈ 2˛Dw ]©m-cn-I-fm-bn-°m-Wmw.

CXp-Xs∂ 2˛mw Ime-Ønse BZy-L-´-Øn¬ 4

A£-c-ap≈ 3 sNº-S-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]Xn-Im-e-

Ønse BZy-J-WvU-Ønse 6 A£-c-ap≈ ]©m-

cn, Hcp \n»-_vZ-In-b-°p-tijw 4 AS®pw H∂p

Xpd-∂p-ambn he-¥-e-bn-eqsS ]I-S-am-Ip-∂p.

]m≠n XpS-ßp-∂Xv 28 A£-c-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw

taf ka-bØv he-¥-e-bnse A£c kwJy 14

Btb ImWp-I-bp≈q F∂pw, Iemika-bØp

amXta 28 A£cw he-¥-e-bn¬ ]I-S-am-Ip-I-

bp≈q F∂pw "taf-ß-fnse \nKq-V-X-Iƒ' F∂

teJ-\-Øn¬ ImWn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ]Xn-Im-e-L´w

CS-°-em-i-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ 4 A£cw

hoX-ap≈ aq∂p sNº-S-bm-°n-am-‰p-∂p. XpS¿∂v

c≠mw Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ \ncØn 10 XhW AS®pw

H∂p Xpd∂pw Aßs\ 11-˛Dw BZysØ \n»-

_vZ-In-b-bpw-Iq´n 12 A£-c-am-°p-∂p. Xpd-∂-Sn-bn-

te°p IS-∂m¬ taf-Øn\p Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂

coXnbpw amdp-∂p. H∏w Iem-i-Øn-t‚bpw 2˛mw

Imew apX¬ Xpd∂p Xmfw ]nSn-°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-

hv. AtXmsS tafw 14 A£-c-Øn-tebv°p IS-∂-

Xp-aq-ew, CS-¥-ebnse sIm´p-IƒIqSn IW-°m-

°n-bm¬ 4 A£-c-ap≈ 3 sNº-S-Isf BZy-J-

WvU-Øn¬ I≠p-ap-´m-sa∂v BZyw kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-

≠v. Cu L´-Øn¬ sNº-S-bpsS Ah-km\

A£cw amXta he-¥-e-bn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-

I-bp-≈q. he-¥-e-bnse sIm´p-Isf ][m-\-am-°n-

bm¬, Cu sNº-S-Isf 2 A£-c-ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-h-

bm-sW∂v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. c≠mw Ime-

Øns‚ c≠mw L´-Øn¬ taf-Øns‚ ]IrXw

s]s´∂p amdn-b-Xmbpw Imew apdp-In-b-Xmbpw

tXm∂pw. Xmf-h- -Ønse BZy-J-WvUw, AXm-bXv

12 A£-c-ap≈ ]©m-cn, Cu L´-Øn¬ 3 A£-

c-ap≈ 4 ]©m-cn-bmbn amdp-∂p. CXp-am-X-a-√, Iem-

i-Xm-f-h- -ß-fnse Xmf-ssi-en-I-fn-ep-ap≠v sshhn-

[yw. BI-∏m-sS, ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønse BZy-h-km\

Xmf-ssien, hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-ß-fp-tSXp h®p-

t\m-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp \ne°v ASp-°pw-Nn-´-bp-an-

√msX Hs´ms° IpØ-gn-™-]-Ir-X-ap-≈-Xm-

sW∂p tXm∂pw. taf-Øns‚ a‰p-N-S-ßp-I-sfm-∂p-

an-√msX Hmtcm Xmf-h´w amXw sIm´n taf-a-h-

km-\n-∏n-°m≥ ian-®m¬ ˛ A[zm-\-ap≠v ˛ Cu

]IrXw Ipsd-°qSn hy‡-am-Ipw. CXp-sIm≠v

h∂p-Iq-Sp∂Xv Cu Ia-cm-ln-Xyw, B Iem-cq-]-

Øns‚ amXr-I-e-bpsS `mh-X-e-ßsf Cu tafw

A\p-h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-W-t√m.

]m≠n-bpsS ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn sIm´p∂ sNº-

Sbpw CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp ]Ir-XsØ ]I-S-am-°p-

∂p-≠v. AXns‚ c≠mw Ime-Ønse BZy-I-

emiØn\p ap∂p Xmf-h´w ˛ sNº-S-h´w ˛ apºp

apX¬ kzoI-cn-°p∂ LS\mhntijw GXm≠v

]m≠n-bp-ambn sshIm-cnI Xe-Øn¬ tbmPn-°p-

∂-Xm-bn-Im-Wmw. apdbv°p sNº-S, AXns‚

ssien-bn¬Øs∂ A©p-Xm-f-h-´-ßƒ apgp-h\pw

Ign™v s]s´∂v LS-\-am-‰p-∂Xv CXmWv hy‡-

am-°p-∂-Xv. CXpw Xmf-h-´-ß-fnse A£c kwJy-

bnse Ak-a-Xzhpw IqSn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ, euInI

Iuf-am¿§m--\p-km-cn-I-fpsS am\-k-\n-ebv°p X°-

hÆw sNºSbv°v cq]-t`Zw hcp-∂p. Hcp ]t£,

Cu cq]-`m-h-t`-Z-ß-sf-s°m≠v ]m≠n-tafw XpS-

ßp-hm≥ ]‰nb A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-I-bmtWm

CXns‚ Dt±iyw?

tIc-f-Øn¬ Xmf-ßƒ°v c≠p apJ-ap-≠v.

H∂v AS-™Xpw at‰Xv Xpd-∂-Xpw. thsdmcp Xc-

Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ tIc-f-Ønse Xmf-ßƒ°v

AS™Xpw Xpd-∂-Xp-amb c≠p mh-ß-fp-≠v. taf-

ß-fn¬ k¿∆-km-[m-c-Wambpw Xmbw-]-I-bn¬

BZy-`m-K-ß-fnepw CXv ImWmw. he-¥-e-bn¬

sIm´p-tºmƒ tIm¬ Aa¿Ønbpw hn´pw sIm´p-

∂-XmWv Cu kº-Zm-bw. IY-I-fn-bn¬ ]Z-ßƒ

]mSp-tºmƒ tNßn-e-bnepw Ce-Øm-f-Ønepw Cu

kº-Zm-b-Øns‚ GI-tZi cq]w ImWmw. CXmWv

tIc-f-ssien F∂p Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ ]©-hmZyw

tIc-fo-b-Xmf kº-Zm-bsØ AwKo-I-cn-®n- n-s√∂p

]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. CXv Hcp ][m\ hnj-b-am-sW-

¶nepw Ct∏mƒ AXn-tebv°v IS-°p-∂Xv A\-h-

k-c-Øn-em-Ip-sa-∂p-≈-Xn-\m¬ hnj-b-Øn-te-°p-

Xs∂ Xncn-®p-t]m-Imw. Cu Xmf-k-º-Zm-bsØ

thsdm-cp-X-c-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-®p-t\m-°mw. ]c-tZ-

i-Øp-\n∂pw sshZn-I-kw-kv°mcw kn≤n-®-h¿

tIc-f-Øn¬ ]th-in°pw apºv Chn-S-Øp-Im¿


20

i‡ym-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-s∂∂v Dd-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈

bp‡n-I-fp-≠v. ]kvXpX hnj-bsØ Xev°mew

CX-am-X-am°n \n¿Ø-s´. AXns\∏‰n AX-e-

kv]¿in-bmbn ]Tn-°m≥ thsd kµ¿`w hcp-∂p-

≠v. taf-ßƒ Hcp BtKm-f-]-Xn-`m-k-am-sW∂

Bi-bsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]kvXpX hnj-

b-Øn-te°v bp‡-amb ]m[m-\y-tØmsS ]th-

in-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse ]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-fmb

imt‡-b-cpsS GtXm Hcp A\p-jvTm\ Iem-cq-]-

Øn¬ \n∂pw DZn®v Ime-I-taW cq]w-sIm-≠-

XmWv ]m≠n-tafw F∂v ]e- bp-‡n-I-sf-s°m≠pw

ÿm]n -®p -I -gn -™n´p -≠v . B imt‡-b¿

euInI"a'Imcm -\p -h¿Øn-Ifpw arK -_-en,

Hcp]t£ \c-_-en, F∂nh tZh-]o-Xn-°mbn

sNbvXn-cp-∂-h-cp-am-hmw. GXm-bmepw tIc-f-t£-

X-ß-fn¬ D’-h-_-enbv°v B hI BNm-cm-\p-

jvTm-\-ß-fpsS tXbvam\w h∂ IÆn-Iƒ C∂pw

\ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v.

Xmf-ß-fpsS ta¬hn-h-cn® c≠p apJ-ß-fn¬

H∂v, euInI"a'Imc ]Np-c-amb i‡ym-cm-[-\sb

BN-cn-°p-∂-hsc ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bpw, c≠m-

a-tØXv buKnI"a'Imc ][m-\-amb CXc tZhm-

cm-[\ BN-cn-°p∂hsc Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xmbpw

k¶-ev]n-°m-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂p. sshZn-Im-\p-jvTm\

coXn-I-fmWv C∂v tIc-f-Ønse an°-t£-X-ß-

fnepw A\p-jvTn-®p-t]m-cp-∂Xv F∂Xv Cu A\p-am-

\-Øn\v ]m_eyw Xcp-∂p. Iuf-am¿§w \ne-\n-

∂n-cp-∂ ]e t£X-ß-fnepw C∂v AXv Dt]-£n-

°-s∏´p XpS-ßn-bp-an-cn-°p-∂p. sshZn-I-amb iuX

I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ ]tXy-In®v bmK-ß-fn¬ arK-lnwk

D≠m-bn-cp-∂nt√ Fs∂mcp tNmZy-ap-≠v. thZm-cw- -

Im-eØv amwk`£-Whpw aZy-]m-\hpw km[m-c-W-

am-bn-cp-s∂∂v alm-Ihn A°n-Ø-Øns‚ "iuX-

imkvX kwkv°mcw tIc-f-Øn¬' F∂ KŸ-

Øn-ep-≠v. "thZ-Øn¬Øs∂ sXfn-hp-I-fp≈

hkvXp-X-bm-W-Xv. _p≤-a-XsØ XpS¿∂p-≠mb

ssP\-a-X-am-Wv, Ah-bnse Alnwkm kn≤m-¥-

am-Wv, Cu Imcy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp Ime-

L´w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-sX∂v hnNm-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p'.

(iu-X-im-kvX-]m-c-ºcyw tIc-f-Øn¬ A°nØw

]pdw 80) ]cm-ic kvarXn-bn¬.

""Aizm-ew- w-K-hm-ew`w k∂ym-kw-]-

e -ss]-XrIw tZh-tc-W-kp-tXm-

ev]Ønw Ieu-]-©-hn-h-⁄-tb¬''

F∂p ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-

s∂-bmhmw _en-Iƒ°v ]njvS-]-

ipsh kzoI-cn-®-Xv. GXm-bmepw

tIc-f-Øn¬ IpSn-tb-dnb ]c-tZ-in-I-

fmb sshZn-I-Nm-cn-Iƒ aZy-amw-km-

Zn-Isf GXm-s≠ms° Dt]-£n-®p-

I-gn-™n-cp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. C°m-

c-W-Ømepw D—w-J-e-hn-⁄m-\-]-`-

h-ß-fmb thZ-ß-fnse hn⁄m\w

t\Sn -bn -cp -∂-Xp -sIm≠pw Ch≥

DZv_p-≤-a-\-kv°-cm-sW-∂n-cn-s°, Xpd-∂p≈ Xmf-

`m-K-ßƒ Ah¿ Xs∂ F∂-\p-am-\n-°mw. Hcp ]Sn-

IqSn apt∂m-´p-t]m-bm¬, taf-ß-fpsS ]Xn-™-Im-

eßfn¬ A[n-Ihpw apdp-Inb Ime-ß-fn¬ Ipd-

hp-ambn AS™ Xmf- m-K-ßsf ImWp-I-bm¬, Hcp

]t£, hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-ß-fn-se ]Xn-Im-e-ß-

fn¬ ImWp∂ t\¿tIm-ep-Iƒ, hncp-∂p-Im-cpsS

]£-Øn¬, Chn-SsØ A]-cn-jvIr-Xcpw A⁄-

cp-amb i‡ym-cm-[-I-]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-fm-Imw. F¶n¬

sNºS c≠mw Ime-Ønse Ia-c-ln-XXzw shfn-

s∏-Sp∂ ]tXy-I-Xm-f-co-Xn, Ia-Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnse

Baq-e-I-a-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bm-Imw. F∂p-

h-®m¬, sNº-S-bnsS Cu hyp-ev]∂ Ia-cm-ln-Xyw-

21


sIm≠v, ⁄m\n-I-fmb AYhm sshZn-Ikw-

kv°mc kº-∂-cmb ]c-tZ-in-Iƒ, A⁄m-\n-I-

fmb Chn-SsØ ]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-sf, Ah°p tN¿∂

cwKw Hcp°n kzoI-cn-°p∂ cwKsØ \mZ-ssh-Nn-

Xy-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS ]Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-ambn

]p\:]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Imw. alm-Ihn Pn. i¶-c-

°p-dp-∏ns‚ Agn-ap-JØv F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬

""X∂-h-tcm-[-Øn-se-»-]Yw Pe-tc-J˛

sb∂p-a-Ø-Sn-®n´p \nb-Xm-[n-Im-csØ

]ns∂bpw ]c-Øp-hm≥ P\-Xm-\o-Xn-°mbn

\n∂ \oXn-sb-Ø-´n-°-S-°m-\m-cw-`ns°

iqc-\m-samcp s]cp-amsf ap≥]o-\m-Sns‚

[oc-amw- kn-cm-c‡w Xnf-bv°p-tatXm lkvXw

IpØn-b-I-Y-bnse hoc-kw-`-hw-sIm≠v

Xo¿Ø-\m-SIw \Sn-∏n-°-b-√√o hnizw''

ImWn-®-t]m-ep≈ Hcp NnXw Cu c≠p taf-ß-fp-

tSbpw kwKaw ]I-Sam-°p-∂p. GI-Xm-f-Øn¬

\n∂pw sshZn-I-ssZ-hn-I-amb NXp-i-K-Xn-bn-te-

bv°p≈ Cu A\p-kyqX kwkv°-c-W-]-Inb Hcp

]t£ tIc-f-Ønse taf-ßƒ amXta ]Z¿in-

∏n-°p-∂p≈q F∂v tXm∂p-∂p.

]m≠n-tafw Ah-km-\-Im-e-Øn¬ amXta

sNº-S-\S kzoI-cn-°p-∂p≈q F∂mWv kn≤m-¥-

a-\p-k-cn®v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬ ]Xn-Imew

apX¬ Iem-i-th-f-bn¬ sNº-S-\S ]I-S-am-Ip-∂p-

≠t√m. AXn\v F¥p hymJym\w sImSp°pw

Fs∂mcp ]q¿∆-]-£-ap-≠v. Iem-i-th-f-I-fn¬

sNº-S-\S kzoI-cn®v ho≠pw GI-Xm-f-Øn-tet°m

c≠-£-c-Im-e-ap≈ coXn-bn-tebvt°m aS-ßp-∂-Xv,

hyp¬I-a-ZpX taf-ß-fpsS Imew Iem-in-®p≈

]›m¬K-a-\-Øn\p Xpey-a-t√, kam-\-a-t√, Ia-

Zp-X-ta-f-Øns‚ ta¬°m-Wn® kz`mhw F∂Xpw

Hcp ]q¿∆-]-£-am-Wv. c≠pw c≠p-X-c-am-Wv. H∂v

ÿncw sNº-S-\S XpS-cp-tºmƒ at‰Xv CS-hn´v

AXns\ A\p-k-cn®v Ah-km\w kam-\-ssi-en-

I-fn-se-Øp-∂p. ChnsS sNº-S-\-Sbpw sNº-S-\-

Sbpw ssZhn-Ihpw sshZn-I-hp-am-sW-∂p≈ hkvXp-

X, taf-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS apJy-L-S-I-am-sW-∂w-Ko-

I-cn-®n-cn-s°, tase-gp-Xnb ]q¿∆-]-£-ßƒ°v \ne-

\n¬∏n-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬ ]Xn-Im-e-

Ønse Cu Bh¿Ø\w, L´wL´-ambn, Assh-

Zn-Isc sshZn-I-am¿§-Øn-tebv°v kwkv°-cn-s®-

Sp-°p-∂-Xns‚ Iem-]-c-amb NnXo-I-c-W-ambn

AwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Hcp Xn≠p IS-

°p-hm≥ `mc-ta-sd-bp≈ Hcp hml-\-Øn\v bZr-

—bm km[n-°msX h∂m¬, ]nt∂m-t´m∂p

hen™v k¿∆-i-‡n-bp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v apt∂m´v

B™p-h-en®v e£yw ]m]n-°p∂ Hcp ]Xo-Xn-

btX Cu cwK-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. Cu coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-

®m¬ ]Xn™ Ime-ß-fnse AS-®p-Xm-f-ß-fpsS

B[n-Iyhpw apdp-Inb Ime-ß-fnse Xpd∂ Xmf-

ß-fpsS B[n-Iyhpw hy‡-amb Hcp NnX-sØ-

Ø-cp-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. tafw NXp-c-i-K-Xn-bn-

tebv°v ASp-°pw-tXm-dpw, B tafw ]Xn-\n-[m\w

sNøp∂ ]q¿∆-tI-c-fo-b¿ ]_p-≤-cmbn sshZn-I-

am¿§m-\p-km-cn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns‚ Hcp NnXhpw

CXn¬ \n∂p-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂p. kmam-\y-\n-ebv°v ]cn-

kcw A\p-tbm-Py-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏t´ Bcpw

Fßpw ]th-in-°p-hm≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈p. hyXy-

kvX-amb coXnIsf A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-hcpw sshZn-

I-kn-≤m-¥m-\p-km-cn-Ifpw AXn-Yn-I-fp-amb ]c-tZ-

in-Iƒ, Ah-cpsS ]£-Øn¬ A\m-Nmc\na-·-cpw,

Akw-kvIr-X-cpw, A⁄m-\n-I-fp-amb Chn-SpsØ

BZn-hm-kn-I-sf, Ah¿°p s]cp-am-dp-hm-≥ X°-

hÆw ]cn-k-c-sam-cp°n kzoI-cn®v ⁄mt\m-]-

tZiw sNbvXv kwkv°-cn-s®-SpØv k¿∆m-fl\m

kakrjvSn-`m-h-tØmsS Hcp kaq-l-sa∂ \ne-bn-

tebv°v Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂p-sh-∂-Xns‚ kqN-

\-bt√ hncp-≤-am¿§-]-c-ß-fmb Cu c≠p taf-ß-

fp-tSbpw kwKaw Xcp-∂Xv?

]c-ip-cm-a≥ IS-en¬ \n∂pw hos≠SpØv

]c-tZ-i-_m-“-W¿°v, Cu ]tZ-iw, amXr-l-

Xybv°pw £Xn-b-Ip-tem-∑q-e\-Øn\pw ]mb-›n-

Ø-ambn Zm\w sNbvI-bpw, Ahsc Chn-sS-sIm-

≠p-h∂v 64 Kma-ß-fp-≠m°n Ah-bn¬, ]tXy-

Im-Nm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-tfmsS IpSn-bn-cp-ØpIbpw

sNbvXp F∂ sFXn-lysØ \mw \ncm-I-cn-t°-

≠. Hcp]t£ Cu sFXnlyw tate-hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®-

Xns‚ thsdmcp hymJym-\-am-hmw. GXm-bmepw

tIc-f-Ønse _m“-W-cmcpw Xs∂ ChnsS D¤-

hn-®-h-cpsS ]c-º-c-I-f-√. Ah¿ I¿Æm-S-I-


22

Øn¬\nt∂m B‘-bn¬ \nt∂m at‰-sX-¶nepw

hnZq-tcm-Ø-tc-¥y≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \nt∂m ChnsS

IpSn-tb-dn-]m¿Ø-h-cpsS ]c-º-c-bm-Wv. AXv, Hcp]-

t£, ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j-\mb ]c-ip-cm-as‚ ia-^-e-

am-Imw. ]pcm-W-ß-fnse ]eXpw bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-

cp-s∂∂v D¬J-\-\-ßsfs°m≠pw a‰p-]-cy-th-j-

Wß-sf-s°m≠pw sXfn -bn -°-s∏´p hcp∂

\nebv°v Cu ]c-ip-cm-a-I-Ybpw XØz-Øn¬ AwKo-

I-cn-°-bm-Wv _p≤n. GXm-bmepw Chn-SsØ

_m“-W-cpsS˛\-ºq-Xn-cn-amcpw a‰pw- -]q¿∆n-I¿ ]c-

tZ-in-I-fm-sW-∂-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS Krl-ß-fpsS "a\'

"C√w' F∂o-hm-°p-Iƒ sXfn-hm-Wv. Ahbv°p

kam-\-ßfpw Xma-k-ÿ-ew-˛-ho-Sv-˛-F∂ A¿∞-ap-

≈-Xp-amb ]Z-ßƒ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønepw sXep-¶n-

ep-ap-≠v. CXpw Hcp bmZr-—n-I-X-b-√.

h¿§-k-a-c-tam, D®-\o-N-Xz-tam, Xo≠tem

H∂pan-√mØ ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-amb Hcp tIc-fw, ]c-tZ-

in-Ifpw sshZn-I-kw-kv°m-cm-\p-Nm-cn-I-fp-amb

_m“-W¿ ChnsS IpSn-tb-dnbXn\p-tijw Gsd-

°mew Ign-bpw-aptº ChnsS \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw

]pe-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXp-X, sNºS

]m≠n-ta-f-ß-fpsS AXn-kp-µ-c-amb kwK-a-cw-Km-hn-

jv°m-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp-∂-Xmbn

aptº Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-h-t√m. B ]c-tZin an°-

hmdpw Cu ]tZ-i-Øp-Im-cm-bn-°-gn-™-t∏mƒ Ah¿

]N-cn-∏n-®-Xmhmw ]kvXpX ]c-ip-cm-a-I-Y. As√-

¶n¬ _m“-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzhpw XZzm-cm -D-®-\o-N-Xzm-

Zy-\m-Nm-c-ßfpw ChnsS ho≠pw DS-se-Sp-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√. as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, an°-hmdpw

tX™p-am-™p-t]m-bn-Øp-S-ßn-bn- p≈ B hyh-ÿ-

Iƒ _m“W krjvSn-I-fm-h-Ww. ]c-ip-cm-a-\n¬

\n∂pw k¿∆-kz-Zm-\-am-bn-°n- nb qan-bpsS DS-a-ÿ-

Xm-h-Im-i-hpw, AXp-hgn P∑n-Xzhpw kmaq-ly-\-b-

X-¥m-[n-Im-chpw \m´p-cm-P-ÿm-\hpw a‰pw AXns‚

]cnWnX- -e-am-I-Ww. sshZnI hn[n-Iƒ°-\p-kr-

X-ambn t£Xm-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ s]mfn-s®-gpØp \S-

Øn, Ah-bn¬ Ah¿Æ-sc∂p apZ-Ip-Ø-s∏´ Chn-

SpsØ ]q¿∆-hm-kn-Iƒ°v ]th-i-\hpw Bcm-[-

\m-kzm-X-¥yhpw \ntj-[n-®Xv CXns‚ klm-b-

tØm-sS-bm-h-Ww. Aßs\ t\m°n-bm¬ tIc-f-

Øn¬ amthen hmgvN-°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-∂p

hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ B kaXz ÿnXn, _m“-W-

cpsS kzm¿∞ _p≤n-bmWv \in-∏n-®p-I-f-™Xv

F∂v A\p-am-\n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. F¶n¬ amthen F∂

k¶ev]hpw bmYm¿∞y-am-Imw.

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ Ah-km\ alm-cm-Pmhpw

]n∂oSv cmP-]-ap-J-\p-amb io. NnØn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ

_me-cm-a-h¿Ω Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v tijvT-\mb Hcp

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]q¿∆n-I¿

alm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°-

cp-Xv. _lp-ap-J-amb hn⁄m-\hpw Ign-hp-Ifpw

XnI™ alm-flm-sh-∂-Xn-\p-]cn Icp-Ø\pw

ka¿∞-\p-amb Hcp cmPy-X-¥-⁄-\p-am-bn-cp∂p

At±-lw. ]e `c-W-]-cn-jv°m-c-ßfpw XnI™

Zo¿L-ho-£-W-tØmsS At±lw hcp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

At±-l-Øns‚ [oc-amb Nph-Sp-sh-∏p-I-fn-sem-∂tX

1936 \hw-_¿ 12- mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® ]kn-≤-

amb t£X-]-th-i\ hnfw-_-cw. Cu hnfw-_cw

]pds∏Sphn-°m≥, Hcp ]t£, At±-l-Øn\v ]Y-a-

]-tNm-Z\w \¬In-bXv sNºS ]m≠n-ta-f-ß-fpsS

A\-\y-km-[m-c-Wmb kwK-a-am-hmw. A]m-c-\n-co-

£W ]mS-h-ap≈ io. NnØn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ alm-cm-

Pmhv sNºS ]m≠n-ta-f-ß-fpsS kam-K-a-Øn¬

ta¬∏-d™ hkvXpX \ng-en-®p-In-S∏ps≠∂v Is≠-

Øn-bncn°mw. IqSp-X¬ amWnIyw t£Xw, sIm®n-

bn-em-sW-¶nepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-

t‚-Xm-Wv. B t£X- -c-W-Øn\v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

alm-cm-Pmhv kz¥w ]Xn-]p-cp-j-s\-∂-\n-ebv°v

\nbp-‡-\m-°p∂ hy‡n-btX X®p-Sb ssIaƒ.

23


Cu t£X-Ønse D’-h-Øns‚ ]≈n-th´ Bdm v

Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv k∂n-

ln-X-\m-hm-dp-≠v. B Znh-k-ß-fn¬ ]©-hm-Zy-tijw

sNº-S-sb-Øp-S¿∂p≈ ]m≠n-ta-f-amWv ]Xn-hv.

]m≠n-]p-dØv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw XpS¿∂v

]©m-cn-bm°n tZhs\ aXn-ev°-I-tØ°v B\-bn-

°p-∂Xpw At±lw ImWp-Ibpw i≤n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn- p-≠m-h-Ww. ]m≠n-bpsS Aip-≤n-tbbpw

sNº-S-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤n-tbbpw At\z-jn®v a\- n-

em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠m-I-Ww. F¶n¬ Xo¿®-

bmbpw Ah ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØ shfn-®-Øns‚ e-

am-IWw t£X-]-th-i\ hnfw-_-cw. Cu \nK-a-\-

Øn\p klm-b-I-ambn Ipd-™Xv ]pØ≥ Nnd-bnse

Xr®-I-]pcw t£X-Øn¬ D’-h-°m-eØv Hcp NS-

ßp-≠v. Hcp]t£ Cu t£X-Øn¬ amXta

kpZ¿i-\-NIw ][m\ ]Xn-jvT-bm-bn- p-≠m-hp-I-

bp-≈p. Xpd-hq¿ t£X-Øn¬ kpZ¿i-\-]-Xn-jvT-

bp-≠v. ]t£ AXv D]-tZ-h-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv. AhnsS

\c-knw-l-amWv ][m-\w. ChnsS D’hw aI-c-am-

k-Øn-em-Wv. aI-c-am-k-Ønse shfp-Ø-hmhp

Znhkw Bdm-t´m-Sp-IqSn D’hw kam-]n-°p-∂p.

Bdm- ns‚ Xe Øte-Zn-h-ksØ henb hnf°v

F∂p ]d-bp∂p. Cu henb hnf-°p-Zn-hkw a‰p-

t£-X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn cmXn

tZhs\ aXn-ev°p-]p-d-tØbv°v Fgp-∂p-≈n-°p-∂p.

t£Xw Hcp Ip∂n≥ apI-fn-em-Wv. \S -In-g-t°m-

´mWv. Ingt° \S-bn¬\n∂pw Hcp Cd-°-am-Wv.

tZh≥ Ing-t°m´v Cd-ßp-tºmƒ sNº-S-tbm-Sp-

IqSnbp≈ ]m≠n-ta-f-am-Wv. Ing-t°-\-S-bn-ep≈ c≠v

B¬a-c-ß-fn¬ Ingt° B¬Ø-d-hsc tZh≥

FØp-∂p. AhnsS ]m≠n-I-em-in-°p-∂p. tZh≥ Ing-

t°m v taf-tØm-Sp-IqSn hcp-tºmƒ, t£X-]-th-

i-\-Øn\v A¿l-X-bn-√mØ Ah¿Æ¿ B ]tZiw

FÆ hnf-°p-I-sf-s°m≠v ]Im-i-am-\-am°n

tZhs\ IÏp-fn¿s°°≠v A\p-Klw t\Sp-∂p.

]m≠n-ta-f-tijw tIfn, Ipg¬∏-‰v, sImºp-]‰v F∂o

NS-ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ AI-º-

Sn-tbmsS Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. t£X-a-Xn-e-IØp IS-

∂m¬ ]Xn-hp-t]mse hnf-°ns‚ NS-ßp-Iƒ

Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. Cu NSßp t£X-]-th-i-\-

Øn¬ \n∂pw hne-°-s∏- -h¿°p-th≠n ]tXyIw

G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wp-Xm-\pw. Cu Znh-k-

Øns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw Cu NS-ßns\ sImń-b-dn-bn-

°p∂ ]Xnhpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. CXv ]m≠n-tbmsS

XpSßn ]©m-cn-bn¬°em-in-°p∂p F∂Xv ta¬

hnh-cn® \nK-a-\-Øn\v klm-b-I-am-Wv. amX-a-√,

Cu t£X-Ønse ]e NS-ßp-I-fnepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-

Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Øn\v ssIIm-cy-I-Ør-Xz-ap-≠v.

]kvXp-Zn-h-ksØ Ing-t°m- n-d-°-Øn-\p≈ FÆ-

®n-ehv cmP-Ip-Spw_w hln-°p-∂p. \nXyhpw Dj:]qP-

°p≈ i¿°-c -∏m -bkw Xncp -hn -Xmw -Iq¿

cmPIpSpw_w hI-bm-Wv. Nnß-am-k-Ønse Xncp-

thmW Znh-ksØ hmcw F∂ NSßpw cmP-Ip-

Spw_w hI-bm-Wv. Aßs\ Cu t£X-Ønse D’-

h-°m-esØ hen-bhn-f-°ns‚ hntij NS-ßp-w

a‰pw, Cu t£X-hp-ambn _‘-ap-≈-Xp-aqew io.

NnØn-c-Xn-cp-\m-fn\v ]tNm-Z\w \¬In-bn- p≠m-h-

Ww. a‰p t£X-ß-fn¬ Ah¿Æsc CX-t]mepw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂pw tXm∂n-bn- p-≠m-Imw.

t£X-]-th-i\hnfw-_cw Adn™ alm-

flm-Km‘n io. NnØn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hns\

""A`n-\h Atim-I≥'' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n- p-≠v.

alm-_ensb∏-‰n-bp≈ A⁄-X-sIm-≠mImw At±-

l-sØ-s°m≠v Aßs\ ]d-bn-∏n-®-Xv. Cu teJ-

Is‚ Ffnb A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ io. NnØn-c-Xn-cp-

\mƒ alm-cm-Pmhv A`n-\-h-a-lm-_-en-bm-Wv. \jvS-

s∏- p-t]mb alm-_-en-\m-fp-Isf ]p\:]Xn-jvTn-°m-

\p≈ Xoh-amb A`n -hmRvO CX-√msX

F¥pƒs°m≈pw?

]n.-F≥. \ºq-Xncn :˛ Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬ Xma-kw. Kh. tImtfPv eIvN-ddmbn tkh\w A\pjvTn-

®n-´p-≠v. tKmh \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-ýq´v Hm^v Hmjym-t\m-Km^n, tIcf AKn-Iƒ®-d¬ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ Kth-j-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ hmZy-ta-f-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Kl-\-amb Hcp KŸ-c-N-\-

bn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.


24

icW Io¿Ø\w -A-\n-b≥

A—-\p-a-Ωbpw iw`p-hpw hnjvWphpw

]n® \S-∂Xp ]¥-f-Øpw

Bt·-b≥, tlcw-_≥ X∂psS tkmZ-c≥

BcWyw hmk-Kr-l-hp-am°n

Cµn-cm-Im-¥s‚ am\-k-]p-X\v

aµncw ImSI a≤y-`mKw

Cutcgp-e-In\pw \mY-\mbv tahp-t∂m˛

coiz-c≥ hmgpw i_-cn-ae

DØa]qcp-j≥ X∂psS hmk-Øm˛

ep≤m\w ta¬°p-ta¬ ]qIn-Sp∂p

Dugn-bn¬ h∂p ]nd∂q `K-hm\pw

Dut°dpw cm£ko \nK-lm¿∞w

Fs∂∂pw amtem-I¿°m-i-b-ta-Ip∂p

Nn∑-b-cq-]\mw tZh-tZ-h≥

GIm-£-c-a¥w sNm√n kvXpXn-°p-t∂m˛

tch¿°pw ap‡n-b-cpfpw \mY≥

sFlnIPohnX taml-ß-sf-√mta

ambp∂p XmhI Z¿i-\-Øn¬

H≥]Xp tKmf-ßƒ amdpw Zi-I--fn¬

A≥t]msS `‡-sc-Im°pw tZh≥

Hmtcm ae-cnepw Hmtcm Xfn-cnepw

HmwImctamXp∂p a£n-hrµw

Hu∂-Xy-ta-dpam∏q¶m-h-\-Øn-¶¬

hs∂Øpw `q]m-e≥ h¿jw-tXmdpw

Awt`m-cp-lm-£≥ X≥ ta\n-bn¬ Nm¿Øp-hm≥

htº-dp-∂m-`-c-W-ß-fp-ambv

Aø-∏≥ X∂psS taml\cq]-sa≥

A¥-cw-K-Øn¬ sXfn-™o-Ss´!

Q Q

25


hiykp-µ-cao ]©mcn s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿

"]©mcn' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v imkvX-coXy

"HcpXcw Xmfw' F∂mWv A¿∞w ]d™p ImWp-

∂-Xv. XmfsØ Kmb-I-tem-N\ ]am-W-a-\p-k-cn®v

Cßs\ \n¿h-Nn®pImWp-∂p.

""Ime: Inbm N am\w N

kw`-h¥n bZm-k-l,

XZm Xmf-ky -kw-`qXn

cnXn-t⁄bw hnN-£ssW:''

Imehpw, Inb-bpw, am\hpw HØptNcp-∂-XmWv

Xmfw. ChnsS "Ime'sa∂-Xn\v ka-b-sat∂

A¿∞-am-t°-≠p. Xmfw]nSn-°m≥ sNøp∂ ]hr-

Øn-I-tfm, tNjvS-Itfm BWv "Inb-Iƒ'. Ah

c≠phn[-ap-≠v. "ki-_vZI'hpw, "\n»-_vZI'hpw.

Inb-Iƒ°n-S-°p≈ ka-b-amWv am\w.

timtX-µn-b-Øn\v BÀm-Z-I-c-amb HcXcw Inb-

bmWv hmZyw.

"XXw hoWm-ZIw hmZy˛

am\≤w apc-Pm-ZnIw

hwim-Zn-I¥p kpjncw

Imwky-Xm-fm-ZnIw L\w' ˛

F∂p, Aa-c-tImi ]Xn-]m-Z-\-a-\p-k-cn®pw;

"XXw ssNhm-h-\≤w N

L\w kpjnc tah N

NXp¿∆n[w Xp hnt⁄bw

BtXmZyw e£-Wm\znXw' ˛

F∂p \mSy-imkvX]am-W-a-\p-k-cn®pw; hmZy-

ßsf "XX-hm-Zy-ßƒ', Ah-\≤ hmZy-ßƒ, "L\-

hm-Zy -ßƒ', kpjn-c -hm-Zy -ßƒ F∂n-ßs\

\membn Xcw-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Ah-\-≤-hmZy

hn`m-K-Øn¬ (tXm¬sIm≠v hmbvaq-Sn-s°´n D≠m-

°p∂ D]-I-c-Ww) s]Sp∂ Hcp hmtZym-]-I-c-W-

amWv sN≠. Ah-\-≤-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ BenwKy (B-

enw-K\w sNbvXp hmbn-°p-∂-Xv) hn`m-K-Øn-emWv

sN≠ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ Ime-hpw, Inb-bpw,

am\hpw HØptN¿∂p, timtX-µn-b-Øn\v BÀm-

Z-I-c-amb A\p-`qXn krjvSn-°p∂ hmtZym-]-I-c-

W-ß-fpsS taf\w BWv ""tafw'' F∂p -s]m-Xpsh

]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

"ane t«j-tW-˛-tafw' F∂mWp ]am-Ww.

tIc-fob Xmf]≤-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®v GIw,

Xn]p-S, sNº-S, Nº, AS-¥, ]©m-cn, [phw F∂n-

ßs\ Ggp Xmf-ß-fpw, Ahbv°v hyh-ÿm-]n-X-

amb ]tbm-K-co-Xnbpw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p-≠v.

A£-c-Im-esØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw,

ASn-ÿm\XmfsØ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bpw, taf-ßsf

]e-XmbnXncn-°mw. Ah ]m≠n, ]©m-cn, Qº,

sNº-S, A©-S-¥, AS-¥, [phw, jUvIm-cn, \hw,

Iev]w, ebw F∂n-h-bm-Ip-∂p.

]©mcntafw

taf-ß-fpsS cmPmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]©m-

cn-tafw sN≠-ta-f-Øns‚ kIe kujvT-h-hpw,

Kmw`o-cyhpw HØptN¿∂ hiy-ta-ml-\-hpw, emky-

c-k-]-[m-\-hp-amb Hcp hninjvS taf-am-Wv.

A≥]-sØm-∂-£-cmfn Ien-X-X-\p-e-tX.....

F∂p XpS-ßp∂ kp]-kn-≤-amb t«mIw sIm≠v

Duc-I-ØΩXncp-h-Snsb ]Io¿Øn® ag-aw-K-e-


26

Øns‚ hwi-]-c-º-c-bn-epƒs∏´ taft]an-bmb

Hcp \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS D]-tZ-i-]-Imcw ]K-¤-\mb

Hcp taf-hn-im-c-Z≥ cq]-I¬]-\ -sNbvXv ]kn-≤-

amb s]cp-h\w ]qc -Zn-hkw Ac-ßØv Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®-XmWv hiy-kp-µ-c-amb ]©m-cn-tafw F∂mWv

sFXn-lyw. A©p-Im-e-ß-fn-embn kwhn-[m\w

sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°-bm¬ CXv "]©mcn' F∂-dn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p.

"cq]Iw' ASn-ÿm\ Xmf-ambn ]©m-cn-bn¬

kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 96 A£cIme-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn-

Im-e-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v ItaW 48, 24, 12, 6 F∂n-

ß-s\-bp≈ A£-c-Im-e-Øn-te°v Npcp-ßp-∂-

XmWv CXns‚ ]Ir-Xw. CXc taf-ßsf At]-

£n®v Hcp tImepw, ssIbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv

]©m-cn- sIm- p-∂-Xv. "]©mcn' XpS-ßn-bm¬ ]Øp-

\m-gnI F∂p -]-d-bm-dp≠v. imkvXo-b-amb ]©m-

cn-ta-f-Øn\v \mep-a-Wn-°q¿ kabw thW-sa-∂mWv

CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]Øp-\m-gn-I-

bn¬ 5 \mgnI H∂mw Ime-Øn-\pw, XpS¿∂p≈ 5

\mgnI a‰p \mep-Im-e-ßƒ°pw Xpey-ambn hc-

Ø-°-hn[w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv sNøp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ ka-b-\n-jvT-bn¬ A¬]-kzev]w t`Z-K-

Xn-Iƒ taf-]-am-Wn-bpsS at\m-[¿Ω-a-\p-k-cn®v

kzoI-cn-°m-dp-≠v.

hnfw-_cw, a≤y-aw, ZpXw, AXn-ZpXw F∂o

Ime-L-S-\sb Ah-ew_am°n-bpw, Bdv A£-c-

Im-e-ap≈ ]©mcnXmfsØ A©mw -Im-e-am-°n-

bp-amWv ]©mcntafw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

tafw Bcw-`n-°p∂ ka-bsØ Ime-an-S¬

(Xp-S-°w) F∂p-]-d-bm-dp-≠v. tIm¬ sIm-≠p -amXw

sNº-S-h´w ASn-®p-]n-Sn®v, hnfw-_-Im-e-Øns‚

BZy-L-´-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v \memw sNºS h´-

Øn¬ Hcp Iqń-Ø´v hcp-∂p. F´v A£-c-Im-e-

ap≈ Hcp Xmf-h-´-sØ-bm-Wv sNº-S-h´w F∂p

]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ 6,8,10,11,12 sNºS h´-Øn-epw,

Iqń-Ø´v Ign™ taf-Øns‚ Xmf-h´w Bcw-`n-

°p-∂Xv hnfw-_-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. A\p-_‘ hmZy-

amb Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ taf-Øn¬ tNcp-∂Xpw Cu L´-

Øn-em-Wv.

]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ \ne, X°n-´, Ipgadn™

L´w F∂ Ia-Øn¬ 6,4,6 CS-°-em-i-ß-fmWv

]Xn-hv. 96 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ 12 sNºS h´-ß-

fmWv ChnsS sIm´p-∂-Xv. c≠mw-Imew apX¬ Dcp-

fp-tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-™-Imew F∂n-h-bmWv

bYm-Iaw hcp-∂-Xv. 48 A£-c-Im-e-amWv ChnsS

sImń-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. Ah-bn-em-Is´ Ime-ß-fpsS

FÆ-a-\p-k-cn®v Dcp-fp-tIm-en-epw, AXn-t\-°mƒ

IqSnb FÆ-Øn¬ X°n´bn-epw, X°n-´-tb-

°mƒIq-Snb FÆ-Øn¬ Ipg-a-dn™ L´-Ønepw

CS-°-em-i-ßƒ FSp-°p-I-bmWv ]mtbW sNøp-

∂-Xv. taf-`wKn \jvS-s∏-SmsX taf-[¿Ωw ]cn-]m-

en-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv apJyw.

aq∂mw Ime-Øn¬ 24 A£-c-amWv Hcp Xmf-

h- w. Dcp-fpssI Ime-Øn¬ 3 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´pw.

X°n-´-bn¬ 2 sNºS h´-am-bn-´mWv Dcp-fpssI

sIm´p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv CS-°m-e-Øn¬ 6 Iem-i-ß-

fpw, Ipg-a-dn™ Ime-Øn¬ 12 Iem-i-ß-fp-sa-SpØv

\memw Ime-Øn-te°p IS-°p-∂p. \memw Ime-

Øn¬ 12 A£-c-Im-e-ap≈ Xmf-h- -ß-fm-Wv. X°n´

Dcp-fp-ssI-bn¬ 4 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´p-∂p. CS-°m-

e-ß-fn-te°v IS∂v 8 Iem-i-ß-fpw, Ipg-a-dn™

L´-Øn¬ 16 Iem-i-ß-fp-sa-SpØv A©mw Ime-

Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p.

Bdv A£-c-Im-e-amb A©mw Ime-Øn¬

Dcp-fp-ssI-˛-X-°n-´-bn¬ 5 Iem-i-ß-fpw, CS-°m-e-

Øn¬ 10 Iem-i-ß-fpw, Ipg-a-dn™ Ime-Øn¬ 20

Iem-i-ß-fp-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw Xodp-I-em-

i-Øn-te°p ]th-in-°p-∂p.

L´-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn®v Iem-i-ßsf km[m-cW

Iemiw, Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-iw, L´m¥ Iem-iw,

Xmgv∂ Iemiw F∂n-ßs\ hnh-£n-°m-dp-≠v.

Ipsd Iem-i-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-®p- sIm- n-°-gn-™m¬

FSp-°p-∂Xv km[m-cW Iem-i-am-Wv. Hcp L´w

Ah-km-\n®v ASpØ L -Øn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ

FSp-°p-∂Xv L´m-¥-I-em-i-hpw, Imew amdp-tºmƒ

Xmgv∂ Iem-i-hpw, t\¿tIm¬L- w- I-gn™v FSp-

°p-∂Xv Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-i-hp-am-Wv.

]©m-cn -ta -f -Øns‚ 1,2,3 Ime-ß-fn¬

Xmfw]nSn-°p-∂Xv sNº-S-a- n¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. 3 Aa-

°¬, Hcp ho®v, ]ns∂ 3 Xpd∂ ASn, Hcp ho®v

F∂ Ia-Øn-em-Wn-Xv. \memw Ime-Øn¬ \mev

A£-c-Im-e-ap≈ aq∂p apdn-s®-º-S-bm°n Xmfw-

27


]n-Sn-°p-∂p. A©mw-Im-e-Øn¬ A©v ASn-bpw,

Hcp ho®p-am-bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv.

taf-Øns‚ ][m\ Npa-Xe Dcp- p-sN-≠-°m-

cpsS \Sp-hn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]am-W-°m-c-\m-sW-¶n-

epw, AX-Xs∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Ipg¬]am-W-°m-

c-\p-ap-≠v. Ipg¬ Np‰n-°¬, Npg-‰¬, Ipºn-S¬, Xpd-

∂q-X¬ Cßs\ ]e -k-t¶-X-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv Ipg¬°m-c≥ taf-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-

sf-∏‰n sN≠-°m¿°pw a‰p hmZy-°m¿°pw \n¿t±-

i-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xv. taf-Øns‚ Hmtcm Ime-

Øn\pw B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn th≠ kab\njvT

Hmtcm L´Ønepw th≠ IemißfpsS FÆw,

c≠p Iemißƒ°nSbv°p≈ Xmfh´ßfpsS

FÆw \n¿Æbn°¬, F∂nh taf ]amWnsb

t]mseXs∂ Ipg¬ ]amWnbptSbpw DØchmZn

XzØn¬ s]Sp∂p.

IemisØ XpS¿∂p hcp∂ c≠p apX¬

Bdphsc Xmfh´ßfnemWv sImºqXp∂Xv. tafw

sIm´p∂ ImeØns‚ ssZ¿Lyw IW°m°n

sImºv hmZ\Øns‚ coXn IaoIcn®n´p≠v. BZyw

c≠p sNºSh´w ssZ¿LyØnepw, ]n∂oSv Hcp

sNºSh´w ssZ¿LyØnepw, ]ckv]cw amdn amdn

]tbmKn®Xn\p tijw Xmfh´Øns‚

Ahkm\w F√mhcpw tN¿∂v ]tbmKn°p∂

coXnbmWv XpS¿∂p hcp∂Xv. Hmtcm Iemi

L´Ønepw, Hmtcm Xmfh´sa¶nepw sImºp

hmZ\w thWsa∂Xv \n¿_‘amWv.

tafØn\v BZy¥w ipXnebhpw, sImgp∏pw

\¬Ip∂Xv CeØmfamWv. Xmft_m[w a‰p

hmZIcnepw, timXm°fnepw DW¿ØpIbmWv

CeØmfØns‚ [¿Ωw tafØn¬ Aen™p

tN¿∂ncn°p∂ CeØmfØns‚ \mZw

sN≠bpsS \mZ]cºcsb ]Iº\w

sIm≈n°p∂p.

tafØn¬ sN≠bv°p ]pdsa tN¿°p∂

A\pkmcnhmZyßfmb IpdpwIpg¬, sImºv,

CeØmfw F∂nhbpsS FÆØn\pw

imkvXobamb A\p]mXap≠v. Hcp tafw

sIm´p∂ sN≠°v aq∂p he¥e sN≠bpw, Hcp

Ipgepw, Hcp sImºpw, c≠v CeØmfhpw

A\pkmcnhmZyambn thWw. ]Xn\©v sN≠

ap≥ \ncbn¬ tafw sIm´ptºmƒ, \mev]ØnA©v

he¥e sN≠Iƒ Xmfw ]nSn°phm≥ thWw.

IpdpIpgepw, sImºpw ]Xn\©phoXhpw, ap∏Xv

CeØmfhpw thWw. \s√mcp tafØn\v

\q‰nCcp]tXmfw t]¿ thWa∂¿∞w.

‘tZhtaf ’ambmWv ]©mcntafw

IW°m°s∏Sp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ t£X

aXn¬s°´n\IØpw t£X \ShgnIfnepamWv

]©mcntafw AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. s]cph\w

]qcØn¬ NmØ°pSw, DucIw, tN¿∏v

]qcßfpsS ]©mcnIƒ s]cph\w

\ShgnbnemWv Bhnjv°rXamhp∂Xv.

Ip´s\√q¿ ]qcØns‚ ]©mcnbpw, t£X

\SbnemWv AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. Bdm´p]pg

]qcØn¬ Bdm´p]pg imkvXmhns‚ ]©mcn

t£XØn\p ]pdØv sXm´p ap≥hiØmWv

tafØn\v kwKoXw \¬Ip∂Xv

IpdpwIpgemIp∂p. hnfw_ ImeØn¬ ]tbmK

km≤yX IqSpXep≈ IpdpwIpg¬ taft®m¿®

kw`hn°msX tafsØ apt∂m´psIm≠p

t]mIm≥ klmbn°p∂p. tafØn\p ]mIØn¬

kwKoXsØ ]mIs∏SpØptºmfmWv tafw

hiykpµcamIp∂Xv.

tafØn\v I\hpw, tamSnbpw Iq´p∂

D]IcWamWv sImºv. F∂m¬ tafØnse a‰p

hmZyßsft]mse sImºv tafØn¬

BZyhkm\w D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂n√.

]XnImeØnepw, c≠mw ImeØnepw, Hcp

Xmfh´w apgph≥ sImºqXp∂p. 3,4,5 Imeßfn¬


28

\SØmdp≈Xv. Xr∏qWnØpd, Ccnßme°pS

F∂o t£Xßfn¬ t£X aXn¬°IØmWv

]©mcn AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv.

s]cph\w Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfn¬ ]©mcn

tafhpw, ]m≠n tafhpw kpeàmsW¶nepw,

]©mcntafØn\mWv BkzmZIa\kpIƒ

IqSpX¬ ]mapJyw \¬In°mWp∂Xv.

Xr∏qWnØpd D’hØn\v 15 ]©mcnbpw,

Ccnßme°pS D’hØn\v 16 ]©mcnbpw,

Kpcphmbq¿ t£XØn¬ hntij

Znhkßfnsems° cmhnse tafØn\v an°hmdpw

]©mcntafhpamWv ]Xnhv.

s]cph\w ]©mcntafØns‚ P∑`qanbmbn

´mWv Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv.

‘BbmXp inhtemIw \x

IemhnXn hn temI\m¬

Nn¥bm kZv`ncmcwò

tZh]qcatlm’hx’

(Cu IenImeØpw \ap°v inhtemIw

hcs´sb∂ ]m¿∞\tbmsS, k÷\ßfm

temNn®v tZh]qc atlm’hw Bcw`n®p.)

CXnse ]Ya]mZw “s]cph\w Bdm´p]pg]qcw”

Bcw`n®Xns‚ IenZn\ kwJysb°pdnbv°p∂p.

˛ 1345610 ˛ AXmbXv Ienh¿jw 3684˛mam≠v

ao\amkw 27˛mw XobXn sh≈nbmgvN XpSßn

1427 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ]mcºcyamWv Cu tZh

taf°p≈Xv.

IpwàmkØnse ]qcw\mfn¬ sImSnIbdn

ao\amkØnse ]qcw\mfn¬ Bdm´mbn

BtLmjn®ncp∂ s]cph\Øp’hw ItaW

£bn®v, ]gb D’hØns‚ henb hnf°p

Znhkamb ao\amkØnse ]qbw \mfn¬

s]cph\w]qcambpw, Bdm´p Znhkamb

]qcw\mfn¬ Bdm´p]pg ]qchpambpamWv Ct∏mƒ

BtLmjn®phcp∂Xv. AXp

t]mse s]cph\sØ henb

hnf°p Znhkw 41 tZho tZh∑m¿ s]cph\tØ

°pw, Bdm´p Znhkw 108 tZho tZh∑m¿

Bdm´p]pgbnte°pw, Cc´b]s\ BZcn°m≥

FØnt®¿∂ncp∂p. Cc´b]≥ BdmSnbncp∂

]pgbmWv Bdm´p]pg. D’hw apSßnbXp apX¬

Cc´b∏≥ ]pdtØ°v Fgp∂p≈nbncp∂ ]Xnhv

C√mXmbn. ]gb D’hØns‚ kvacWbn¬ 18

tZhotZh∑m¿ ao\amkØnse ]qbw \mfn¬

s]cph\Øpw, 23 tZhotZh∑m¿ ]qcw \mfn¬

Bdm´p]pgbnepw BtLmjßtfmsS FØn

t®cp∂ ]XnhmWv C∂v \ne\nev°p∂Xv.

s]cph\w Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfn¬

]s¶Sp°p∂ t£Xßfn¬ aIbncw ]pd∏mSp

apX¬ BtLmjßƒ Bcw`n°p∂p. Cu

]qcmtLmjßfn¬ tafßfpsS Hcp irwLe

Xs∂ AXnhn]peambn Actßdp∂p.

DXw\mfn¬ FS°p∂n `KhXn t£XØnse

hnkvXcn® ]©mcntaftØmsS s]cph\w ˛

Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfnse tafirwLe GItZiw

]q¿ÆamIp∂p.

\mSyimkvXØn¬ hmZyßfpsS ]tbmK

kµ¿`ßƒ Cßs\ hnhcn°p∂p.

“D’th ssNhbmt\ N

\r]mWmw awKtfjvT N

ip` I√ymW tbmtK N

hnhmlIctW XYm

D¬]mtX kw`nta ssNh

kwKmta ]pX P∑\n

CuZrtijvT ln ImtcyjvT

k¿hmtXmZym\n hmZtb¬.”

hnhn[ kµ¿`ßfn¬ tZhs\ Fgp∂

≈n°m≥ apX¬ awKf aplq¿Øßƒ°p hsc

hmZyßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂p. F∂m¬ efnX

kpµcItf_camb kwKoXam[pcnbmWv

]m©mcntafØns‚ hiyXbv°p \nZm\w.

s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿ :˛ A\pKloX IemImc≥. Xriq¿ ]qcØn\v ]mdta°mhv hn`mKØns‚

]amWn. Xr∏qWnØpd, Ccnßme°pS, s]cph\w XpSßnb \nch[n t£Xßfn¬ tafØn\v ]mamWyw

hln°p∂p. taf]amWnbmbncp∂ s]cph\w A∏pamcmcpsS ]pX≥. Bcm[I¿ hnciwJe \¬In

BZcn®n´p≠v.

29


]m≠n-tafw

kZ\w Znhm-Icamcm¿

]m≠n-tafw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn

sNº-S-tafw aq∂pw \mepw Ime-ßƒ sImń Iem-

in®v, ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-bn∏v F∂ \ne-

bn¬ H∂mw Ime-Øn\v apºmbn ""Heº¬'' (Iq-

ń-s∏-cp-°¬) XpS-ßp∂p. Iqń-s∏-cp-°¬ F∂Xv

Dcp-´p-sN-≠bpw he-¥ebpw Ce-Øm-fhpw Hcp`m-

KØpw, Ipdp-wIp-gepw sImºpw adp-`m-K-Øp-ambn

]ncn™v Dcp- p-sN-≠-°m¿ c≠p-ssIøpw Db¿Øn-

∏n-Sn®v BZyw he-Xp-ssI-

bnse tIm¬ sIm≠v

""Kn¿'' F∂pw XpS¿∂v CS-Xp-ssI-tIm¬ sIm≠v""[ow'' F∂pw sImń

""Kn¿ [ow'' F∂m-cw-`n-°p-∂p. Heº-ens‚

ssZ¿Lyw ]cn-K-Wn®vIqSn-bXv Gg-£-c-°mewCS -hn´ v c≠m-aXv

""Kn¿[ow'' sImń Cuc≠p Kn¿[o-ans‚ CS-

thf Ipg¬°mcpw

sImºp -hm -Z -\ -°mcpw

tN¿∂v ]qcn-∏n-t°≠XmWv Cu "Kn¿[ow' XpS¿∂v

ÿmbn-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm A\p-ZpXw

hoXw Ipd®v Ipd®v sIm≠p-h∂v CS-hn-SmØ \ne-

bn¬ apdp-°n-s°m-≠p-h∂v Btcm-lW Ah-tcm-

lW Ia-Øn¬ Cu ]Inb aq∂p-]m-hiyw

Bh¿Øn®v L\w Ipd®v Ipd®v sIm≠p-h∂v amX-

Iƒ sX‰msX \n¿Øp-∂p.

Cßs\ \n¿Øn-b-tijw 14 A£-c-Ime

kabw Ign™v (Cu 14 A£-c-Im-e-Øns‚ ka-

b-hpw sImºpw Ipgepw hmbn®v \nd-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.)

Dcp-´p-sN-≠-bn¬ HcSn ASn-®-Xn-\p-tijw CS-hn´v

c≠-£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp ""XIr-X-IrX'' Dcp-fpssI

sImń \n¿Øn, Cuc≠-£-c-°mew CShn´v aq∂p-

]m-hiyw Hmtcm tIm¬ sN≠-°mcpw Xmf-°mcpw

Ipg¬°mcpw tN¿∂v Aa¿Øn-s°mń ]m≠n-bpsS

Xmf-amb ""Xni-PmXn Xn]pS'' \men-c-ń-bmb 28

A£-c-Im-e-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p∂p (H∂mw

Imew ]Xn-Im-ew)

Xn]p-S-Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂ coXn, imkvXo-b-

amb Xni-PmXn Xn]pS Hcp eLp c≠v ZpXw

BW-t√m. AtX-t]mse Xs∂ HcSnbpw c≠p

hncepw ASpØ ZpXhpw AXn-t\mSv tN¿∂

ZpXhpw ASnbpw hn®nepw Xpd-∂v Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂

coXn-bmWv ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn-\v. ]Xn-Imew (H∂mw

Imew) 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Xn]p-S-Xm-f-Øns‚

\mev If Nu°-hpw, c≠mw Ime-amb 14- ¬ A£-

c-Imew c≠v If Nu°-

hpw, 7 A£-c-Imew

hcp∂ 3˛mw Imew Hcp

If Nu°-hp-ambn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn

]m≠n-tafw Ccp-ssI-

ønepw tIm¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. Xmc-

X-tay\ Akp-c -`mhw

ssIh-cn-°p∂ taf-co-Xn-

bmWv ]m≠n. ]©m-

cntafw kmXzn-I-amb Hcp taf kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv.

]©-`q-Xm-∑-I-amWv Hmtcm Ime-ßƒ. hnfw_w,

a≤yw, ZpXw F∂n-ßs\ sImń-°-bdn Ah-km\w

B Imew Xmgv∂ Iem-i-amb 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬

Iem-in®v ASpØ Ime-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p∂

coXn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]m≠n°v B coXn-b-√.

]m≠n sImń-°-b-dp-I-bm-Wv. CSbv°v \n¿Øn ASp-

Ø-`mKw FSp-°p∂ coXn-b-√. Hmtcm Iem-i-

ßƒ°pw ItaW Imew tIdp-tºmƒ Nne am‰-

ßƒ hcp-∂p≠v F∂-√msX ÿmbnbmb Xmf-

Øn¬ \n∂pw am‰w hcp-∂n-√.

XnI®pw kmXzn-I-a-√mØ Cu tafw t£X-

a-Xn-en-\-IØv ]Yy-a-√. t£X aXn¬s°-ń\p

]pdØp amX-amWv Cu tafw \SØp∂-Xv. tZhs‚

t£X-a-Xn-eIw ""tZihpw'', aXn-en\p ]pdw ""]c-

tZi''hpambn k¶¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu taf-Øn\v

""]c-tZin'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ""]m≠n'' F∂ t]cv

kn≤n®p F∂\-p-am-\n-°mw. ]≠v ae-bmf tZi-

]ikvXamb Ce™nØdtafw


30

Øn\v ASp-Øp≈ ]tZiw ""]m≠n-tZiw'' F∂-

dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. ""]c-tZiw'' ]m≠n-tZ-i-ambn

Aßs\ ]c-tZ-i-tafw ]m≠n-ta-f-ambn Adn-b-

s∏´p XpS-ßn.

kmXzn-I-a-√mØ Cu tafw Xr»q¿ hS-°pw-

\mY t£X-Ønse kp]-kn-≤-amb Ce-™n-Ød

taf-am-Wv. CXv ]m≠n-ta-f-am-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂bpw,

XpS-ßp-∂Xv aXn-en-\p-]p-d-Øp-\n-∂p-am-Wv. ]md-ta-

°mhv K-h-Xn-bpsS ]Sn-™mtd \S-bn¬ \n∂mWv

XpS-°w, Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. hS°pw\mYs‚

hSt° \S-bn-ep≈ ]qc-∏-d-ºn-em-Wv.

H∂mw Imew (]-Xn-Im-ew)

Xni-PmXn Xn]pS 7 x 4 = 28 A£-c-Im-e-

amb Hcp Xmf-h-´-am-Wv. henb taf-am-sW-¶n¬

A©v Xmf-h´w hsc sImń A©m-asØ Xmf-h-

´-Øn¬ Ipg¬°m-c≥ Ipºn´v Iem-i-sa-Sp-°p-∂p.

Iemiw Cc- n-\n-e-bn¬ 28 A£-c-Im-e-ambn sImń

Ah-km-\sØ 22- masØ A£-c-Øn¬ Iem-in®v,

ap≥hn-h-cn® ]Imcw 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ \ne-

sImń XpS-cp-∂p. Cßs\ hnfw-_- Im-e-Øn¬ 4

Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw sIm´-Ww.

AXn-\p-tijw ""Xpd-∂Sn'' F∂ mK-tØ°v

IS-°p-∂p. F¥mWv Xpd-∂Sn F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv?

Xn]p-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ eLp (HcSnbpw c≠v hnc-epw)

c≠p hnc¬ Xmfw ]nSn-®n-cp-∂Xv Aa°n sImń-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Xpd∂Sn h∂-t∏mƒ B c≠v

Aa°n sImépw Xpd-∂-Sn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-∂p. ChnSw

apX¬ Imew Ib-dn-Øp-S-ßp-∂p. ap≥ coXn-bn¬

Xs∂ 4 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´p-Ibpw Iem-i-ßƒ°v

Nne am‰-ßƒ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sNøpw.

Ah-km\ ImeiaSn -®p -sImń taf -Øns‚

ssZ¿Lyw ]cn-K-Wn®v Ie-mi-ßƒ sImt´-≠-Xm-

Wv. ASn®p Iem-i-Øn-\p-tijw "XIr-X-IrX'

F∂ Iem-i-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. CXnepw Hcp 7

Iem-i-ßƒ Ign-™m¬ "X°n´' Dcp-fpssI Hcp

Iemiw sImń Ah-km-\n-∏n®v ASpØ Iem-i-

Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p.

c≠mw Imew (]-Xn™ Xn]p-S)14 A£-c-Ime Xmfw

c≠mw Ime-Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn\v 14A£-c-Im-e-am-Wv. Aßns\ 5 Xmf-h´w IqSnbIem-i-ßƒ ÿmbn-t]mse sImń-h∂v 10 ]mh-iy-sa-¶nepw Bh¿Øn®v Iem-in-°p-∂p.

CXn-\p-tijw apń-t∑¬ CcpØn sImt´≠`mK-am-Wv. CXn\v t\¿tIm-se∂pw ]d-bm-dp-≠v.""X°n´'' Dcpfp-ssI-øm-bn- mWv ]tbm-Kw. t\¿tIm-en¬ 12 Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw sImt´-≠-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-aq-∂m-a-tØ-Xn\v \ne-sIm- p-∂p. "XIr-X-IrX' CXvaq∂mw Ime-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\v kqN-\-bmbn]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

aq∂mw Imew

Xn]pS Gg-£cw hcp-∂-XmWv aq∂mw Ime-Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´w. Cu `mKØp apń-t∑¬CcpØn sIm´p∂ Iem-i-ß-fm-Wv. Cu Ime-Øn\v""CS-\ne'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Chn-sSbpw Npcp-ßn-bXv 14 Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw Iem-in®v "XIr-X-IrX'\ne-sImń 7 A£-c-amb c≠mw mK-ambn ASpØL´-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p-∂p.

ASp-Ø-`mKw

7 A£cw IqSn-bXv Xs∂-bmWv Cu `mK-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h- -hpw. A©v Xmf-h´w Ign-™m¬Iemiw "X°n´' Dcp-fp-ssI-bmWv sIm´p-I. Cu`mK-Øn\v ""Iqń-Ø´v'' F∂p-]-d-bpw. 20 Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw Bh¿Øn-°-Ww, AXn-\p-tijw icn-bmb Ime-Øn¬ Xodp-I-em-i-Øn-te°v ]th-in®v""X°n´'' Dcp-fp-ssI-øm-bn-´mWv sIm´p-I. Xodn\vBh-iy-amb ssZ¿Lyw e`n-®m¬ Dcp- p-sN-≠-°m¿Ipºn-Sm≥ Hcpßp∂p. ItaW Aa¿Øn-s°m-ń-s°m-≠p-h∂v ]amW sN≠-°m-c≥, F√m Dcp-´p-sN-≠-°m-scbpw Ipºn-´-a¿Øn sImń®v XpS-ßn-b-tijw Xm\pw Ipºn v tijn-s°m-Ø-hÆw IcSpIqSmsX aqt∂m At©m Xmf-h´w sImń -°emin®v \nh¿∂v tafw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Npa-Xe F√mw ]©m-cn-ta-f-ß-fnse t]mse-bm-Wv. ChnsS Ipdpw-Ip-g¬]tbmKw ss`chn cmK-Øns‚ `mh-Øn-em-bm¬G‰hpw \∂m-bn-cn-°pw.

kZ\w Znhm-Icamcm-¿ :˛ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßcbnse taf-Øn\v BZy-Imew apX¬s° ]am-Wn. IY-I-

fn-bn-epw, Xmb-º-I-bn-epw, taf-Ønepw Hcpt]mse Ignhv ]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ ]K-¤≥. injy¿ hoc-irw-Je

\¬In BZ-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

31


]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmb taf-ßƒ sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv

\ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ A¥¿eo-\-ambn

h¿Øn-°p∂ kZv`m-h-ß-fpsS X¥n-Isf sXm´p-

W¿Øn lrZ-b-hn-a-eo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS \sΩ

kwhnXvhnim-¥n-bpsS taJ-e-bn-te°p \bn-°p-

I-sb∂XmWv GXp-I-em-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw ]ca-[¿Ωw.

lrZ-b-tØmSv t\cn-´p- kw-th-Z\w km[n-t°≠

kwKo -X -Øns‚

]Y-ahpw ][m-\-

hp-amb [¿Ωhpw

CXp-X-s∂. \Ωp

sS taf-]-©-hm-Zy-

ßfpw Xmb-º-I-

bp -sa√mw Cu

Iem-X -Xz -Øn\v

ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p.

t Zh -X m -ÿm\

ßfn¬ A\p -

jvTm\]c-am -bn -

Øp-Sßn anI-hp‰

Iem-hn-jv°m-c-ß-

fmbn hnI-kn-X-

ambhbmWv \ΩpsS hmZy-I-e-I-sf-√mw-X-s∂.

sN≠, a±-fw, Xnan-e, CS-bv°, angm-hv, Ce-Øm-fw,

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, sImºv, tNßn-e, iwJv, \mK-kz-cw,

XIn¬ F∂n-h-bm-Wt√m \ΩpsS G‰hpw ][m-

\-ß-fmb t£X-hm-Zy-ßƒ. Ah-bn¬Øs∂

sN≠sb∂ Ah-\≤hmZyw khn-ti-jhpw kp]-

[m-\-hp-amb ÿm\Øp \n¬°p-∂p. "Akp-c-

hmZy'sas∂ms° t]cp-s≠-¶nepw `mh-\m-im-en-

Ifpw km[-I-kn-≤n-bm¿÷n®hcp-amb hmZ-I-cpsS

Ic-ß-fn¬ sN≠ tZh-hm-Zy-ambn amdp-∂p. G‰hpw

\mZ-kn-≤n-bp≈ Ah-\≤hmZy-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv

sN≠. AXy¥w arZp-a-[p-c-ß-fmb \n\-Z-ßfpw

]N-WvU-tLm-c -ß-fmb \mZ-ßfpw sN≠-

bn¬\n∂p krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hpw. IY-I-fn-bnepw

Xmb-º-I-bnepw taf-ß-fnepw tIfn-bnepw a‰pw

AXn-kq-£va-`m -h-ßƒ°pw AXn-tLm-j-ß-

tfmsSbp≈ ]S-∏p-d-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°pw Ccn-In-S-Iƒ°pw

Iem-i-ßƒ°pw \mZXeß-sfm-cp-°p-hm≥ sN≠-

bv°p-km-[n-°pw. Xndbv°pw, sXø-Øn-\pw, XnSºp

\rØ-Øn\pw apSn-tb-‰n -\p-sa-∂-t]mse taf-

ßƒ°pw Xmb-º-Ibv°pw tIfn-sIm-´n\pw IY-I-

fn-°p-sa√mw ]Y-

a-ÿm-\Øp hmZ

\w sNø-s∏-Sp∂

hmZy-amWv sN≠.

taf -] -© -

hm-Zy-ßƒt]mse

_rlØpw al-

Øp -amb hrµ-

hmZyw Cu temI

Øv A]q¿∆-am-tb-

bp-≈q. Xmf-hm-Zy-

ßƒ Hc¤p -X -

kw-Ko-X -]-]©w

X s ∂ - b m W v

krjvSn -°p-∂Xv

k¿K-ssh-`-h-am¿∂ Xmf-hn-\ym-k-ßƒsIm≠v

Ah hnkva-bm-h-l-amb _rl-Zv-in-ev]-ßƒ BcNn-

°p-∂p. tIc-f-]-Ir-Xn-bpsS emh-Wy-hmbv]pw EXp-

]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fpsS Nmcp-X-bp-sa√mw \ΩpsS taf-]-

©-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ HØnWßn \n¬°p-∂p. tafw

AXns‚ X\n-s∏´ thZn-I-fmb t£X-Xncpap‰-ß-

fnepw \S-h-gn-I-fnepw ]mS-ß-fnepw \S-Øm-dp≈

Fgp-s∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ°-I-º-Sn-bmbnØs∂ I≠pw-

tI´pw A\p-`-hn®dnb-Ww, Be-h´ sh¨Nm-ac

apØp-°p-S-Ifpw, Na-b-ß-fpw-sIm≠v Aew-Ir-X-cmb

KP-ho-c-∑m¿ tIme-ßfpw, XnS-ºp-Ifpw hln®v

AWn-\n-c-°p∂ Zriy-s∏m-en-a, Xosh-´n-I-fpsS

A·n-÷zm-e-Iƒ krjvSn-°p∂ ]`m-]q-cw, ImWn-

I-fpsS BÀm-Zm-c-h-ßƒ, BIm-i-sam-cp-°p∂ \oe-

ta-em-∏v, Ch-sb√mw Bhm-ln®p \ne-sIm-≈p∂

Xr]bm¿ GImZin


32

]Ir-Xn-bpsS emh-Wy-Zo-]vX-amb ]›m-Ø-ehpw;

Ch-sb√mw tN¿s∂m-cp-°p∂ Ac-ßnte taf-kzm-

Z\w ]q¿Æ-am-hp-I-bp-≈q.

sN≠-hm-Z-\sØ AXo-h-lr-Zyhpw a[p-c-

]q¿W-hp-am-°p-∂Xv Dcp-´p-sN-≠-bpsS CSw-X-e-

bn¬ \S-Øp∂ khn-ti-j-amb ssItIm¬ ]tbm-

K-ß-fm-Wv. tImep-IƒsIm≠p≈ Dcp-ń-s°m-´v,

Aap°n (A-S-®p) sIm´v, Xpd-∂-Sn, t\¿tIm¬

F∂n-h-bpw CSwssI D]-tbm-Kn®p (]-©m-cn-ta-f-

Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw a‰pw) D≠m--°p∂ "W'

Imc "[nan' Imc -ßfpw "Nm∏p' "s]mØp'

]tbmKßfpw sN≠-bpsS \mZ-kn-≤n-tbbpw

km[y-X-I-tfbpw sXfn-bn-®p-Im- p∂hbm-Wv. sN≠-

t°m-ens‚ khn-ti-jm-Ir-Xn-bmWv Dcp-ń-s°m-

s´∂ AXn-a-t\m-lc ]tbm-KsØ km[y-am-°n-

Øo¿°p-∂Xv. taf-ß-fnse hnhn[ Ime-ßfpw

t\¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-b¬ XpS-ßnb L´-

ßfpw, hnhn-[-Xcw Iem-i-ßfpw, Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚

"Pn©nss©' \mZhpw, sImºp-Ip-g-ep-Iƒ ]Zm\w

sNøp∂ khn-tij \n\-Z-ßfpw Ahsb AXoh

kzmZn -jvT -ß-fmb kwKoXhncp -∂p -I-fm -°n -

Øo¿°p-∂p.

]©m-cn, ]m≠n, sNº-S, AS-¥, Nº, A©-

S-¥, [phw F∂n-h-bmWv ][m-\-ambpw tIc-f-

Ønse t£X-ß-fn¬ hmZ\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Ah-bn¬Øs∂ ]©m-cn, ]m≠n, ]m≠n-s®-ºS

F∂n-h-sbm-gn-sI-bp≈ taf-ßƒ A]q¿hm-h-k-c-

ß-fntem, Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ amX-amtbm BWv Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Ahsb A]q¿∆-

ta-f-ß-sft∂m, ]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmb taf-ß-

sft∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. ]m≠nbpw ]©m-

cnbpw apdn-s®-º-Sbpw A\m-bm-k-ambn Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°p-∂ a≤y-tI-c-f-Ønse hmZ-I-∑m¿ ]ecpw Cu

A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬th≠X

km[-I-_ew t\SmØhcm-Wv. Kpcp-hm-bq¿, sImSp-

ß-√q¿, Xr]-bm¿, tImgn-t°mSv Xfn, sIm√w

]njm-cn-Im-hv, sNdp-Ip∂v A∂-]q¿tW-iz-cn, Xe-

t»cn Xncp-h-ßmSv F∂o t£X-ß-fnepw hSs°

ae-_m-dnse a‰p Nne t£X-ß-fnepw amX-amWv

Cu taf-ßƒ, Ch-bpsS kºq¿Æ cq]-ß-fnes√-

¶nepw, Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. Cu taf-

ßsf IqSmsX ]©m£cn, jUv°m-cn, \hw,

Iev]w, ebw, ipXn, ioN-Iw, Poh, aniw,

in¶mcn XpS-ßnb taf-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-

´p-≠v. hfsc Ipd™ thf-I-fnse Ch-bn¬ an°-

hbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈q.

Ipa-c-]pcw A∏p-am-cm¿ cq]w-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p≈

"Iev]w' F∂ tafw 52 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn

13 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ aq∂p-Im-e-

ß-fnembp-≈-Xm-Wv. ]n.-F≥. \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv "ani-

taf'Øns‚ D]-PvRm-Xm-hv. 5 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈

Cu tafw 112 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn 7 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°pw-hn-[-amWn sNº-S,

AS-¥ F∂o ssien-I-fpsS Hcp aniWamWo

taf-Øn¬. Xmb-º-I-bnse "Xcn-InS' ]tbm-Khpw

ani-ta-f-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Icn-b-

∂q¿ \mcm-b-W≥\ºq-Xn-cnbpw a´-∂q¿ i¶-

c≥Ipń-am-cmcpw IqSn cq]w-sIm-SpØ "ipXn-

taf'Øn¬ taf-hm-Zy-ßƒ Htcip-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-

h-cm-\p≈ ia-amWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. F∂m¬ Ipdp-¶p-

g-sem-gnsI taf-Ønse as‰mcp hmZyhpw ipXn-

s∏m-cpØw hcp-Øm≥ Ah¿°p km[n-®n- n-√. khn-

ti-j-amw-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ hmZ-I-∑m-cpsS Xp≈epw

NmSepw AwK-hn-t£-]-ßfpw in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚

Ah-X-cW thf-bn¬ Zriy-am-Wv. tLmj-bm-X-

Iƒ°pw a‰pw Cu tafw Bth-ihpw lchpw

\¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-ImWmw. ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°mØ

]e-ta-f-ßfpw ]e-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]ecpw Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®n-´p-≠m-hmw. Aev]w hni-Z-ambn ChnsS Ah-

tem-I\w sNøm≥ t]mhp-∂Xv sNº-S, AS-¥,

Nº, A©-S-¥, [phw F∂o taf-ß-sf-∏‰nbmWv.

Ch-sb√mw c≠p-tIm-ep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®p -sIm-´p-∂-

h-bm-Wv.

sNº-S-tafw

]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbns°m´p∂

]m≠n-s®-ºS (I-e-i-s®-º-S)bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-

ambn 4 Ime-Im-e-ß-fn-embn sNº-S-tafw sIm´m-

dp-≠v. 64 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn 8 A£-c-Im-

e-Øneh-km-\n-°pw-hn-[-am-Wn-Xv. Kpcp-hm-bq¿,

tImgn-t°mSv Xfn F∂o t£X-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ

33


D’-h-th-f-I-fn¬ sNºS kºq¿Æ-ambn Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. kºq¿Æ-amb sNº-S-tafw

sIm´n-]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-ØXn¬

]ap-J≥ s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm-cm-Wv. Ifw-]q-P,

X¿∏-Ww, Ieiw \nd-bv°¬, Ie-im- n-tjIw XpS-

ßnb A\p-jvTm-\-I¿Ωthf-I-fn¬ sNº-S-Xm-f-Øn-

emWv sN≠-hm-Z-\w. Chsb "Ie-i-s®-ºS' F∂p-

]-d-bm-dp-≠v. 16 A£-c-Im-e-Ønepw 8 A£-c-Im-e-

Øn-ep-ambn c≠p Ime-ß-fn-em-bmWv Cu hmZ-\w.

]m≠n-tafw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p sXm´p-apºv an° -A-

h-k-c-ß-fnepw Cu taf-ap-≠m-hm-dp-≠v. sNº-S-

sIm´n ip≤-am-°n-

b - t i - j - a m W v

"Akp-c-taf'sa∂p

hnti-j-W-ap≈

] m ≠ n - t a f w

sImt -≠Xv F∂p

] d - b m - d p - ≠ v .

i m t‡ -b - t a - f -

sa∂p Icp-X-s∏-

Sp∂ ]m≠n-tafw

imt‡-b-km-∂n-

[y-ap≈ ÿe-ß-

fn¬ ]m≠n-s®-º-

S-bn-√msX Xs∂-

s I m - ´ m - d p - ≠ v .

kºq¿Æ-amb sNº-S-ta-f-Øn¬ Ime-an-Sp-∂-Xnepw

Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xnepw PXn-Iƒ sIm´p-∂-Xnepw

]©m-cn-ta-f-k-º-Zmbw Xs∂-bm-Wv. 64 A£-c-

Im-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw Ime-Øn¬ 32 A£-c-Im-e-

Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-

ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈

Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn-J-WvU-hp-am-Wv. Hcp Xmf-h´w

\me-£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ A¿≤-sN-º-S-h-´-ambn

apdn®v ASnbpw (A-a-°nbpw Xpd-∂pw) ho®p-am-

bmWv Xmfw ]nSn-°p-I. t\¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-

dn-b¬ F∂o L´-ßƒ, Iem-i-ßƒ Ah-sb-Øp-

S¿∂p-h-cp∂ sImºp-hm-Z\w Ch-sb√mw sNºS

H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv. sNºS

c≠mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-h-´-ßƒ°v bYm-Iaw 16

A£-cImew 8 A£-c-Imew F∂n-h-bn-ep≈

H∂pw c≠pw JWvU-ßƒ, 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈

Xmf-h-´-k-am]vXn F∂o-hn-[-amWv Xmf-hy-h-ÿ.

c≠v DcpfptIm¬°-emi-ßfpw a‰p-I-em-i-ßfpw

X°n- , Ipg-a-dn-b¬ F∂o L -ß-fp-ap-≠v. 16 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Cu taf-Øns‚ aq∂mw-Im-e-

Ønse Hcp Xmf-h- -Øn¬ 8 A£-c-Im-e-ßƒ hoX-

ap≈ 2 JWvU-ß-fm-Wv. Cu Ime-Ønse BZy

aq∂p Iem-i-ßfpw Dcp-fp-tIm-em-bm-Wv. Xmgv∂-I-

emiw 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. sNº-S-bpsS

\memw-Imew AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Xm-f-amb 8

A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. A©Sn Hcphn®v, HcSn (Xp-

d-∂Sn) Hcpho®v,

F∂-a - ´ n -emW v

\memw Ime-

Ønse Xmfw-]n-Sp-

Øw, ]m≠n-s®-º-

S-bn-em-hs´ aq∂p

Aa-°¬ Hcpho®v,

aq∂v Xpd -∂Sn

Hcpho®, v F∂

c oX n - b n - e mW v

Xmfw-]n-Sn -°p-I.

kºq¿Æ sNºS

taf-Ønse 4˛mw

Ime-Ønse 6

A£-c-Im-ehpw 2

A£-c-Im-e-hp-am-bp≈ khn-ti-j-amb Xmfw-]n-

SpØw BI¿j-I-am-Wv. I¿Wm-S-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬

BZn-Xm-f-sa∂pw NXp-c-i-Pm-Xn-Xn-]p-S-Xm-f-sa∂pw

hnh-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sNº-S-tafw ]q¿W-am-bn-sIm-

´m≥ aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿th-Ww. 1 1/2 aWn-°q-dns‚

H∂mw Imew, 25 an\n-‰p-ho-X-ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw

Ime-ßƒ, 40 an\n‰p hcp∂ \memw, Imew F∂

hn[-amhmw kab hyh-ÿ.

AS-¥-tafw

14 A£-c-Im-e-Øne[n-jvTn-X-amb JWvU-

PmXn AS-Xm-f-Øn-ep≈ (A-S-¥-Xm-fw) taf-amWv

AS-¥-ta-fw. c≠p- tIm-ep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®p sIm´m-

dp≈ Cu tafw Ip -s\-√q¿ D’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-

®p≈ ]qcw ]pd-∏m-Sn\v t£X-Øn-\-IØp

Kpcphmbq¿ D’hw


34

ssIbpw tImep-am-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≈-Xv.

tXm¬∏-‰p≈ CSw-ssI-Iƒ sIm≠p≈ hmZ-\-

Øns‚ khn-tijam[pcyw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬

\ns∂-∂-t]mse Cu thf-bn¬ timXm-°ƒ°v

A\p -` -h -th -Zy -am -Ip -∂p. 56 A£-c -Im -e -

Øn¬ØpSßn 7 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ kam-]n-°p∂

4 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈ AS-¥-ta-f-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Xmfw hcp-∂Xv AXns‚ aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn-emWv.

AS-¥-ta-fØns‚ BZy-L- -Øn¬ sNº-S-h- sØ

ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ Xmf-L-S-\-bm-Wv. A©v

A¿≤ sNº-S-h´w hoXw-h-cp∂ (20 A£-c-Imew

hoXw) H∂mw JWvUhpw c≠mw JWvUhpw,

XpS¿∂p hcp∂ 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´

kam-]vXnbpw tN¿∂-XmWv Cu taf-Øns‚ H∂mw

Ime Xmf-h-´w. JWvUm-h-km\ bq\n-‰p-I-fnepw

(A¿≤ sNº-S-h´ bq\n-‰p-Iƒ) Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn-

bnepw Xpd-∂-Sn-bmbn´mWv Xmfw ]nSn-°¬. H∂pw

c≠pw JWvU-ß-fnse BZy-A¿≤-sN-º-S-h-´-ß-

fn¬ Aa°n (A-S-®v)bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°¬. Ime-

an-S¬, t\¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-®p-sIm-´¬

F∂nh H∂mw Ime-Ønse khn-ti-j-L-´-ß-fm-

Wv. t\¿tIm¬ L´-Øn¬ At©m Btdm Iem-

i-ßfpw a‰p-L-´-ß-fn¬ \mtem At©m Iem-i-

ß-fp-amWv sIm´m-dp-≈-Xv. AS-¥-bpsS c≠mw

Imew 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. Cu Ime-Ønse

Hcp Xmf-h- -Øn¬ 4 A£-c-Imew, 2 A£-c-Imew,

ho≠pw 4 A£-c-Imew F∂o 3 bq\n-‰p-Iƒ

(10 A£-c-Im-ew) hoX-a-S-ßnb 2 JWvU-ßfpw,

8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h-´-]-cn-k-am-]vXn-bp-a-

S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS BZysØ 2 bq\n-‰p-Iƒ

Aa-°nbpw Ah-km-\sØ bq\n‰v Xpd-∂-Sn-bp-am-

Wv. Xmf-h-´-k-am-]vXnbpw Xpd-∂-Sn-bm-bmWv. Cu

Ime-Øn¬ BZy-c-≠p-I-em-i-ßƒ Dcp-fp-tIm-em-bm-

Wv. Cu Iem-i-ßƒ°v CuSp-tIm-en-√. AS-¥-bpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Xmfw 14 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ aq∂mw

Ime-Øn-emWv hcp-∂-Xv. \meSn Hcpho-®v, \meSn

Hcpho-®v, HcSn Hcpho-®v, HcSn Hcp ho®v (5+5+2+2)

F∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv ChnsS Xmf-hn-\ymkw. aq∂mw-

Im-e-Øn¬ aq∂v Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-i-a-‰p-I-em-i-ß-

fp-ap-≠v. Ipg-a-dn-™-Im-e-Ønse 10-˛mw Iemiw

Xmgv∂ Iem-i-am-Wv. CXv khn-ti-j-co-Xn-bn¬

aq∂p JWvU-ß-fm-bmWv sIm´pI. 7 A£-c-Im-e-

Øn-ep≈ \memw Ime-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xpw

khn-tij coXn-bn-em-Wv. aq∂mw Ime-Ønse

Xmgv∂ Iemiw Xo¿∂m-ep-S≥ AXp-hsc sImń-

h-∂-Xns‚ Cc-ń-th-K-Øn¬ aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn\p

Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p∂ ań-emWv \memw Imew Bcw-`n-

°p-I. 7 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ 28 ÿm\-ß-fn¬ H∂nS-

hn´p t\¿tIm-embn ASn-®p-sIm-´p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS.

Cu Ime-Øns‚ ]n∂o-Sp≈ L´-ß-fn¬ AS-¥-

bpsS X\n-s∏-´-a-ń-emWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°¬. 2 1/2

A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp bq\n‰v, ]ns∂ 4 1/2 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn¬ as‰mcp bq\n‰v, Cß-s\-bmWv \memw

Ime-Ønse 7 A£-c-Imew sImt´-≠-Xv. Ipg-a-

dn™ L -Ønse Hmtcm bq\n-‰n-tebpw BZy-ÿm-

\Øv Aa-°nbpw a‰p-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Xpd∂pw Xmfw

]nSn-°-Ww. AS¥ \memw Ime-Øn¬ \mtem

At©m Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-i-ß-fp-≠m-hpw. a‰p Iem-

i-ßfpw Hcp Iemiw Ign-™m¬ XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂

4 Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ sImºq-X-Ww. Iem-i-ß-sf√mw

7 A£-c-Im-e-ß-fn-em-hpw. Xmf-h-´-Øns‚ Ah-

km-\sØ ASn-bn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n®v ASpØ Xmf-

h-´-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ sImń-Øo-cm≥ ]mI-

Øn-emWv Iem-i-Øns‚ FÆ-ßƒ. Bdp Xmf-

h´w Ipºn´v i‡n-bmbn sImń Bdm-asØ Xmf-

h-´m-h-km-\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Xocp-I-emiw XpS-ßp-

I. Hcp kºq¿Æ-amb AS-¥-tafw Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°m≥ 3 aWn-°q¿ thWw. 1 1/2 aWn-°q¿ 1˛mw

Imew, 25 an\n‰phoX-ap≈ 2,3 Ime-ßƒ, 40 an\n-

‰p≈ 4˛mw Imew, F∂ohn[-amhmw ka-b-I-aw.

Nº-tafw:˛

I¿Wm-SI kwKo-X-Ønse Qw]-Xmfw

Xs∂-bmWv Nº-Xm-fw. "ani-Pm-Xn-Qw]'Xmf-am-

Wn-Xv. 4 Ime-ß-fn-embn sIm´m-dp≈ Cu tafw

Nne-t∏mƒ A©p-Im-e-ß-fn-embpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-

dp-≠v. 80 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn \memw Ime-

Øneh-km-\n-°p∂ Nº-ta-f-Øn¬ 10 A£-c-Im-

e-amWv Ah-km\w hcn-I. 5˛mw Ime-Øn-emWv

Cu taf-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km-\-sa-¶n¬ 5 A£-c-Im-

e-amWv Ah-km\w ASn-ÿm-\-Xm-f-ambn hcp-∂-

Xv. Nº-ta-f-Øns‚ BZy aq∂p-Im-e-ß-fn¬ sNº-

35


S-a-´n-ep≈ Xmf-hn-\ym-k-am-Wv. L´-ßfpw Iem-i-

ßfpw sImºqXp∂ kº-Zm-bhpw Ipg¬hm-Z-\hpw

]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-te-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. H∂mw Ime-

Ønse Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 32 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-

ep≈ H∂mw JWvUw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-ßƒho-X-

ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw JWvU-ßƒ, 16 A£-c-Im-e-

Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h-´-k-am]vXn F∂n-h-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.

40 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-

h-´ -L-S\ 16 A£-c-Im -e -Øn -ep≈ H∂mw

JWvUw, 8 A£-c-Imew hoX-ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw

JWvU-ßƒ, 8 A£-c-Imew hcp-∂ Xmfh´-

k-am]vXn F∂n-h- tN¿∂Xm-Wv Nº-bpsS aq∂mw-

Im-e-Øns‚ 20 A£-c-Im-e-Xm-f-h- -Øn¬ 8 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, 4 A£-c-Im-

e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-

ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn-Iq-Sn-bmb aq∂mw JWvU-

hp-amWv AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nº-bpsS 10 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ 4˛mw Ime-Ønse Hcp Xmf-h´w

\me-£c Ime-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, c≠v

A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, \mev

A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬Øs∂bp≈ aq∂m-asØ

JWvUhpw tN¿∂-XmWv. Nº-bpsS 2,3,4 Ime-ß-

fn¬ bYm-Iaw c≠pw aq∂pw \mepw Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-

em-i-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. \mep-Im-e-ß-fn-embn Nº-

tafw sIm´p -tºmƒ

\memw Ime-Øn¬ 4

ASn 1 ho®v, 2 ASn 1

ho®v, 1 ASn 1 ho®v

(4+1+2+1+1+1 = 10) F∂n-

ß-s\-bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-

°¬. Cu tafw 5 Ime-

ß-fn -embn sIm´p -

tºmƒ 5 A£-c-Imew

4 ASn 1 ho®v F∂ coXn-

bn -emhpw Xmfw-]n -Sn -

°¬. ChnsS ASn-I-

sf√mw Xpd-∂-Sn-I-fm-Wv.

5˛mw Ime-Øn¬ BZy-

I-em-i-ßƒ 5˛Dw Dcp-fp-

tIm-em-bn-´mWv hmZ-\w.

Bdp Xmf-h´w Ipºn´p

\n∂v i‡n-bn¬ ASn-®p-sIm-´n-s°m-≠mWv Xocp-

I-em-iw. ]q¿W-am-sbmcp Nº-tafw 4 Ime-ß-fn-

em-sW-¶n¬ 3 aWn-°qdpw, 5 Ime-ß-fn-em-sW-¶n¬

3 1/2 aWn-°qdpw ka-b-sa-Sp-°pw. s]cp-h\w

Ip´≥am-cm¿ Kpcp-hm-bq-cnepw tImgn-t°mSv Xfn-t£-

X-Ønepw Nº-tafw A©p Ime-ß-fn-embn

sIm´m-dp-≠v.

A©-S-¥-tafw :˛

sNº-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ Xs∂ Hcp khn-tij

coXn-bn-ep≈ Bhn-jv°m-c-amWv A©-S¥ taf-

Ønep≈-Xv. sNº-S-Xmfw CXn¬ AS-¥-a- n¬ ]nSn-

°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-sX∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. A©Sn

Hcpho®v A©Sn Hcp ho®v, HcSn Hcp ho®v, HcSn

Hcp ho®v (5+1+5+1+1+1+1+1 = 16) F∂ hn[-amWv

Cu taf-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Xm-fw. 64 A£-c-Im-e-

Øn¬ Bcw- n-°p∂ 4 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈ Cu taf-

Øns‚ 3˛mw Ime-Øn-em-Wv Cu ASn-ÿm\ Xmfw-

h-cp-∂-Xv. H∂pw c≠pw Ime-ß-fnse Xmf-hy-hÿ

sNº-S-co-Xn-bn-em-sW-¶nepw, hnhn[ JWvU-ß-

fpsS LS\ sNº-S-bn¬ \n∂p hyXym-k-s∏-´m-

Wv. Cu taf-Øns‚ aq∂pw-\mepw Ime-ß-fn¬ AS-

¥-ta-f-Øn¬ Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\p kZr-i-amw-

hn[amWv Xmf-hn-\ym-kw. A©-S¥ taf-Øns‚


36

H∂mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-h´ hyh-ÿ-bnse H∂pw

c≠pw JWvU-ßƒ 3 apgp-s®-ºSh´ bq\n-‰p-Iƒ

(24 A£c-Imew hoXw) Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.

XpS¿∂v 16 A£-c-Im -e -Øn -ep≈ Xmf-h´

kam]vXn F∂n-hbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. CXn¬

BZysØ 2 1/2 sNº-S-h´w (20 A£-c-Im-ew)

AS®pw, Ah-km-\sØ 1/2 sNº-S-h´w Xpd∂pw

Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ime-an-S¬, t\¿tIm¬ X°n-´,

Ipg-a-dn-b¬ F∂o L´-ßfpw Cu taf-Øn-ep-≠v.

A©-S -¥-bpsS c≠mw Ime-Øn¬ 1 1/2

sNºSh´w (12 A£-c-Im-ew) hoX-ap≈ 2 JWvU-

ßƒ, 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam]vXn

JWvUw F∂n-h-bp-≠v. H∂pw c≠pw JWvU-ß-

fpsS Ah-km\ bq\n-‰p-I-fnepw (4 A£-c-Imew

hoX-ap-≈-Xv), Xmf-h-´-k-am-]vXn-bnepw, Xpd-∂-Sn-I-

fm-Wv. c≠v Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i-ß-fmWv c≠mw

Ime-Øn¬. A©-S-¥-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Xmfw (16

A£-c-Im-ew) hcp∂ aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn¬ AS¥

coXn-bn-em-Wv Xmfw ]nSn-°¬. H∂pw c≠pw

JWvU-ßƒ 6 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp ho®v, \mev

Aa-°¬, Hcp Xpd-∂Sn F∂o hn[-am-Wv. aq∂mw

Ime-Øn¬ aq∂p Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i-ß-fm-Wv. Ipg-

a-dn™ Ime-Ønse Ah-km\ Iemiw 16 A£c

Ime-Øn-em-Wv (Xm-gv∂-I-em-iw). A©-S¥ \memw

Imew (8 A£-c-Im-ew) XpS-ßp-∂-Xv AS¥

\memw Imew Bcw-`n-°pw-hn-[-am-Wv. aq∂mw Ime-

Øn¬ AtX-hsc sImń-h-∂-Xns‚ Cc-ń-th-K-

Øn¬ Xmfw-]n-Sn-®p-sIm- p∂ coXn-bm-W-Xv. 8 A£-

c-Im-e-Øn¬ 32 ÿm\-ß-fn¬ H∂nS-hn´p ASn-

hogpw hn[-amWo hmZ-\w. BZy Xmf-h- -Øn¬ amX-

amWv CucoXnbn-ep≈ hmZ-\w. XpS¿∂v aq∂v

A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp JWvUw, A©v A£-c-

Im-e-Øn¬ ASpØ JWvUw, F∂ Xmf-hy-h-ÿ-

bn-emWv sIm´p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Bcw-`-L-´-Øn¬ Hmtcm

JWvU-Øn-tebpw BZysØ ASn Aa-°nbpw

_m°n-sb√mw Xpd-∂-Sn-®p-amWv sIm´¬. Ipg-a-dn-

™p≈ Xmfw ]nSn-°¬ Xpd-∂-Sn-bm-bm-Wv. Iem-

i-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v CS-bvs°mcp Xmf-h´w AS®pw

Xpd-∂p-ambn Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv A©-S¥ \memw

Ime-Øns‚ X\na FSp-Øp-Im-´m≥ klm-b-I-am-

Wv. \mev Dcpfp tIm¬°-em-i-ßfpw a‰p-I-em-i-

ß-fp-ap-≠n-hn-sS. \mep Xmf-h´w Ipºn´p L\-

Øn¬ sImń-bn- mWv Xocp-I-em-iw. A©-S-¥-tafw

AXns‚ kºq¿Æ-X-tbmsS sIm´m≥ 3 aWn-°q-

sd-¶nepw thWw.

[phw-tafw

14 A£-c-Imew ASn-ÿm-\-am-bp≈ [phw

tafw (N-Xp-c-i-PmXn[ph-Xm-fw) aq∂p Ime-ß-fn-

em-bm-Wv. A£-c-Im-e-°-W-°n¬ AS-¥-ta-f-

Ønse BZy-aq∂p Ime-ß-fnteXp-t]msebmWv

[phw taf-Ønse BZy-aq∂p Ime-ßfpw. F∂m¬

PXn-Iƒ sIm´p-∂-Xnepw, Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xnepw,

c≠p taf-ßfpw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂p.

[phw taf-Øns‚ ]Xn-Imew 56 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-

em-Wv. 4 A£-c-Imew hoX-ap≈ 6 bq\n-‰p-Iƒ (24

A£-c-Imew ˛ aq∂p sNº-S-h-´w) AS-ßnb

H∂mw JWvUw, \me-£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ 4 bq\n-

‰p-Iƒ (c≠p sNº-S-h-´w) hcp∂ c≠mw JWvUw,

16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam]vXn, F∂n-

h-b-S-ßn-b-XmWv Cu Ime-Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´w.

Ime-an-S¬, t\¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-b¬ Ch-

sb-√m-ap-≠n-hnsS. 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ [ph-

Øns‚ c≠mw Ime-Ønse Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 4

A£-c-Im-ew-ho-X-ap≈ aq∂p bq\n-‰p-Iƒ (1 1/2

sNº-S-h- w) AS-ßnb H∂mw JWvU-am-Wv. c≠pw

aq∂pw JWvU-ß-fm-hs´, \me-£-c-Imew hoX-

ap≈ c≠v bq\n-‰p-Iƒ AS-ßn-bXpw (Hcp sNº-S-

h- w) aq∂mw JWvUw 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-

h´ kam-]vXn-bp-am-Wv. H∂pw c≠pw JWvU-ß-

fnse Ah-km\ bq\n-‰p-I-fnepw, aq∂mw JWvUw

DS-\o-fhpw Xpd∂p Xmfw-]n-Sn-°-em-Wv. c≠p Dcpfp

tIm¬°-em-i-ß-fp -≠o-Im -e -Øn¬. Xmgv∂

Iemiw 16 A£c Ime-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. [phw

taf-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Imew (aq∂mw Imew) 14

A£c Ime-Øn-em-Wv. aq∂mw Ime-Øns‚

Bcw`w khn-ti-j-amb coXn-bn-em-Wv. Ime-an-Sp∂

coXn-bn¬ "UnwW-UnwW' F∂v H∂nS-hn-´-ÿm-\-

ß-fn¬ ASn®p sImń-s°m-≠mWv Cu Ime-

Øns‚ BZy-Xm-f-h- m-h-X-c-Ww. 6 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-

ep≈ H∂mw JWvUw, 4 A£-c-Ime hoX-ap≈

37


sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv :˛ hmZy-ta-f-I-e-I-fpsS \ncq-]-I≥. \nc-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw,

teJ-\-ßfpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. tImgn-t°mSv Kh. B¿Svkv tImtfPnse Cw•ojv hn`m-K-Øn¬ A[ym-

]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠pw aq∂pw JWvU-ßƒ, F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv Xmf-

h- -L-S-\. H∂mw JWvUw 5 ASn 1 ho®v, c≠mw

JWvUw aq∂v Aa-°¬ Hcp ho®v, aq∂mw JWvUw

aq∂p Xpd-∂Sn Hcp ho®v F∂o- hn-[-Øn-emWv Xmfw

]nSn-°¬. Cu Ime-Øn¬ 3 Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i-

ßfpw, 6 CS-°-em-i-ßfpw, Ipg-a-dn™ L -Øn¬

]¥-t≠mfw Iem-i-ßfpw FSp-°m-dp≠v. ChnsS

Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i-ßƒ°v CuSp-tIm-en-√. F√m

Iem-i-ßfpw 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. Ipg-a-dn-

™m¬ Xpd-∂-Sn®p Xmfw-]n-Sn-°-Ww. XnI™ Hcp

[phw-tafw 2˛Hm 2 1/4 aWn-°qtdm ka-bsa-Sp-°pw.

50 an\n-‰p-h-cp∂ ]Xn-Imew, 30 an\n-‰n-ep≈ c≠mw-

Imew, 40 an\n-t‰mfw hcp∂ aq∂mw-Imew F∂

A\p-]m-X-am-hmw. ]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmb taf-ß-fn¬

ASpØ Ime-Ømbn ]Nmcw IqSn-h-cp∂ H∂mWv

[phw.

]©mcntaf-Øns‚ am[p-cytam, ]m≠n taf-

Øns‚ Kmw`o -cytam, Cu A]q¿∆ taf -

ßƒs°m∂pw, Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw,

hmZ\sshhn-[y-Øn¬ \n∂p -e-`n-°p∂ ihW

am[p-cyhpw A]q¿hm-\p-`q-Xnbpw ]Zm\w sNøm≥

Cu taf-ßƒ°p km[n-°pw. AXn-\m¬ Cu taf-

ßƒ°v hwi-\miw h∂p-t]m-hmsX kwc-£n-

°m\pw Ah-bpsS ]Nmcw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw,

hmZ-Icpw ]am-W-°mcpw Iem- n-⁄cpw Bthmfw

]cn-i-an-t°≠XmWv.

mqbªcXiä oeãkav MjCcÖh ¥!ImWn°bnS¬ ][m\w

SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsvjeùlfãfw aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ipbr-jszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIeó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ Yibevx keCf-Tãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõèfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùlèfv-kèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCfTãqh¥fTgbevgú mdkjõX Gçe-ãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ Yibesv kQkgäfqsToqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTx bqóèfsnejgùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.

ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvxvfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC, iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokX

Sÿfb kdçJfw vfÿgX nYfTgÿleCx.


38

taf-Øns‚ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ

sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥

i_vZØns‚ NcnXw Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-bptam

\ap°v?

Ign-t™-°pw. B i_vZw tcJ-I-fmbn

kq£n-®Xv \ΩpsS ap∂nep-s≠-¶n¬.

F∂m¬ i_vZ-ßsf Aßs\ Bte-J\w

sNbvXp kq£n-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy Ccp-]Xmw

\q‰m-≠n-\p-apºv tIc-f-Øn¬ ssIh∂p Ign-™n-

cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n-\p-ap-ºv tIc-

f-Øn¬ ]mSn-t∏m∂ ]m´p-I-fp-sStbm, sImńb

FÆ-ß-fp-sS-tbm, kzcq]w \n›-bn-°phm\p≈

Hcp hgnbpw \ΩpsS ap∂n¬

Ah-ti-jn-®n-ń-√.

At∏mƒ AXn\pw

Hcp c≠p \q‰m-s≠-

¶nepw apºv cq]w

sIm≠ sN≠-ta-f-

ß-fpsS NcnXw

Fß-s\-bm-Wv,

GXp tcJ-I-

sf Ah-ew-_n-

®mWv \ap°v

cNn-°m-\m-hp-I?

Hcph-gn Xmf-ß-

sfbpw, hmZy-ß-sf-bpw, hmZ-\-co-Xn-sbbpw Ipdn®v

Bsc-¶nepw FgpXnsh®n-´pt≠m F∂p-]-cn-tim-

[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xß-fpsS ImesØ hmZy-I-e-sb-

°p-dn®v GsX-¶nepw Ihn ]cm-a¿in-°p-Itbm hnh-

cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ahsb \ap°v

hmZy-I-e-bpsS NcnXw cNn-°m-\p≈ D]m-Z-\-ambn

kzoI-cn-°mw.

Aßs\ Bsc-¶nepw Dt≠m? At\z-jn-®-

t\z-jn®p \mw H∂p c≠p \q‰m-≠p- ]n-t∂m´p sN√p-

tºmƒ sN∂p \n¬°pI Ip©≥ \ºym-cn-em-Wv.

Xmf-ßfpw, hmZy-ß-fpw, hmbvØm-cn-Ifpw \rØ-

®p-h-Sp-IfpwsIm≠p- \n-d™pIhn-bp∂hbmWv

At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ. sIm´m\pw ]mSm\pw

Xp≈m\pw ]‰nb ]e FÆ-ßfpw At±lw kpe-

`-ambn hmcn-hn-X-dn-bn-´p-≠v. AXns‚ Iq´-Øn¬

"]m≠n-ta-f-ap-cp´p sN≠' F∂v taf-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. 1750 ImeØv Aº-e-∏p-

g-bnepw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-ambn Pohn® H‰∏m-

eØpImc-\m-bn-cp∂p Ip©≥ \ºym¿. \ºym-cpsS

Cu ]cm-a¿iw FXn-cn-√mØhn[w ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv

]Xn-s\´mw iX-I-am-hp-tºm-tg°pw taf-I-e, ]tXy-

In®p ]m≠n-tafw, tIc-f-Øn¬ hf¿®-ap‰n ]Nm-

c-am¿÷n-®p-I-gn-™n-cp∂p F∂m-Wv.

taf-sØ-∏‰n amX-a√ \ºym¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

"Dcp- p-sN≠' F∂-hm-°n-eqsS, AXp-sIm- p∂ khn-

ti-j-amb coXnsb°pdn-®p-Iq-Sn-bmWv. tafw tIc-

f-Øn¬ amXw ImWp∂ hmZy-I-em-cq-]-am-sW-¶n¬,

"Dcp-ń-s°m-´pI' F∂ coXn tIc-f-Øn¬ amXw

ImWp∂ hmZ-\-coXnbp-am-Wv. UΩnwKv a‰p \mSp-

I-fnepw D≠v. B^n-°-bn¬ UΩnw-Knse Hmtcm

i_vZhpw `mj-bnse Hmtcm hm°p-t]mse

]h¿Øn®v Fßs\ Bi-b- hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\p≈

Hcp kt¶-X-ambnØocp∂p F∂-dn-bm≥ AeIvkv

slbven Fgp-Xnb "Roots' F∂ t\mh-ens‚ BZy-

`mKw hmbn-®m¬ amXw -a-Xn. F∂m¬ Ahn-S-ß-

fn-se√mw UΩnw-Kn¬ hmZy-ß-fpsS N¿Ω-X-e-

Øn\p ew_-am-bn-´mWv tIm¬ hogp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-

Ønse UΩnw -Kn¬ amX-amWv ew_-amb

t\¿tImen-\p-]p-dsa tIm¬ AI-tØ°pw ]pd-

tØ°pw adn-bp∂ "Dcp-fp-tIm¬'IqSn D≈-Xv. tIc-

f-Ønse hmZ-\-I-e-bpsS G‰hpw henb khn-ti-

jX sN≠-bnse Cu Dcp-fp-tIm¬ BsW∂p ]d-

bmw. Dcp-ń-s°m-´m\pw Xmfw-]n-Sn-°m\pap≈ Dcp-

´p-sN-≠-bp-sSbpw ho°≥ sN≠-bp-sSbpw i_vZ-

ta-f-\-amWv taf-I-e-bpsS Poh≥. Ip©≥\ºym-

cpsS hcn-bn¬ ImWp∂ Dcp-´p-sN≠ taf-Øns‚

39


Poh-\m-Wv.

]©mcntaf-sØ-∏‰n CØcw enJnX kqN-

\-Iƒ H∂pw C-√. F∂m¬ s]cp-h\w Kma-Øp-

Im-cmWv AXns\ Nn´-s∏-SpØn kzcq-]n-®-Xv F∂

sFXnlyw sX°≥ ae-_m-dn¬ [mcm-f-ambn tIń-

´p-≠v. Nºq-Im-

c-\mb ag-aw-K-

eØp \ºq -

Xncn s]cp -

h\-Øp-Im-c -

\mbncps∂∂pw,

A t ± - l -

Øns‚ Ime-

ØmWv ]©m-

cn -ta -f -Øn\v

XpS°w Ipdn-®-sX∂pw ]d-™p-tI-ń-´p-≠v. sFXn-

ly-ß-fn¬ ]mXn-bn-tesd Ahy-‡Xbpw, Ipd-®p-

`mKw AXn-i-tbm-‡nbpw sNdn-sbm-cp- mKw t\cpw

D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]Xn-\mtdm ]Xn-t\tgm iX-I-ß-

fn¬ Pohn® Ihn-bm-bn-cp∂p agawK-ew. F¶n¬

B Ime-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]©mcntafhpw tIc-f-Øn¬

cq]w-sIm≠p F∂p-I-cp-Xmw.

Ip©≥\ºym¿ tI´ ]m≠n-ta-fhpw ag-aw-

KewtI´ ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw C∂sØ ]m≠nbpw

]©m-cnbpw Bbn-cp-∂pthm? \n›-b-an-√. Hcp

]t£ C∂sØ taf-ß-fpsS BZy-cq-]-ßƒ Bbn-

cn-°pw Ah. \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS hf¿∂v, IqSpX¬

IqSp -X¬ "tkm^n -Ãn -t°-j≥' B¿÷n®v

C∂sØ cq]-Øn-se-Øn-b-h-bmWv B taf-ß-sf-

√mw. C∂v taf-ß-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

G‰hpw ]pXn-bXpw \rØ-sØbpw sImń-s\bpw

ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb in¶m-cn-tafw hsc FØn-

\n¬°p∂p B taf-ssh-hn-[yw.

tIc -f -Øn¬ amX -ap -≈Xv F∂v Cu

tafsshhn-[y-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bmw. C¥y-bntem, a‰n-

S-ß-fn-tem, hmZy-ßƒ amXw \nc-Øn-s°m-≠v, ]mń-

√m-sX, aqt∂m \mtem aWn-°q¿ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂

Hcp sIm´p-I-t®-cn\mw tIƒ°p-I-bn-√. sIm´p-X-

s∂bpw a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ ]mń-s‚tbm \rØ-Øn-

s‚tbm A\p-_-‘-ßƒ BWv. F∂m¬ bmsXm-

∂n-s‚bpw AI-º-Sn-b√ Hcp taf-Ønse sIm´v.

AXv kzbw kqN-Ihpw, kzbw ]q¿Æ-hp-amb

sIm´p-am-X-am-Wv. a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ kwKo-X-Øn\v D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ Ipg¬t]mepw taf-Øns‚ sImńs‚

i_vZ-Øn\v angnhpw apgp∏pw D≠m-°m\mWv Dt±-

in-°-s∏-ń -´p -≈-Xv. arZwKw Xan-gv\m-ń -ep≠v,

F∂m¬ A≥]tXm Adp-]tXm arZw-K-ßƒ amXw

Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v, Xpd- m-b-]-d-ºn¬ Hcp henb

tafw Xan-gv\m-ń¬ k¶¬∏n-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. tIc-f-

Øn¬ Aß-s\-sbm∂v k¶¬∏n-®Xpw bmYm¿Yy-

am-°n-b-Xp-amWv taf-ßƒ.

\mtem At©m \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS Cß-s\-

sbmcp khn-tij hmZy-Ie tIc-f-Øn¬ amXw

hf¿∂p-h-cm≥ D≠mb ImcWw F¥m-bn-cn°mw?

Hcp ImcWw F\n°p tXm∂p-∂p, sIm´m≥ Ht∂m

ct≠m PmXnIƒXs∂ ChnsS D≠mbnsb∂Xm-

Wv. amcmcpw s]mXp-hmfpw sIm´p-IpesØmgn-em-

°nbhcm-W-t√m?. PmXoIcWw sIm≠p-≠mb

Hcp êw kz¥w sXmgn-en¬ amXw i≤n®pw,

AXnse ssh`hw ASpØ Xe-ap-dbv°p ]I¿∂pw

Hcp sXmgn¬ ]mc-ºcyw XpS¿∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

sIm´p∂ c≠p- Ip-e-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw, Ah-

cpsS D]-Po-h\w

a ‰ p - h n - [ -Ø n¬

kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNbvX-

t∏mƒ, sIms´m -

gn®p as‰m-∂n-s\-∏-

‰nbpw Nn¥n -

t°≠Xn√mØ

Ah¿, B Iesb

apt∂m´p sIm≠p-

t]m-bn.

c≠m-asØ Imc-Ww, B sIm´p-Im¿ Xß-

fpsS Ip-e-hrØn ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-S-bn¬ D≠m-°nb

Hcp kmt¶-XnI apt∂‰amWv. t\csØ ]d™

"Dcp-fpssI' BW-Xv. t\¿tIm-ens‚ Ie-bn¬

\n∂v FXtbm henb apt∂m-´p-t]m-°mbn "Dcp-

fpssI'? Dcp-fpssI Is≠-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬

C∂p \mw tIƒ°p∂ tIfntbm Xmb-º-I-tbm,


40

IY-I-fn -s°m-

t´m, taf -ß-

fnse apdp-Inb

I me -ßtf m

D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂n-√.

Aßs\

sIm ´ p - h m≥

Cu PmXnbpw,

Ah¿ sImń¬ hcp-Ønb Hcp kmt¶-XnI apt∂-

‰hpw a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬ uXnI kml-

N-cyhpw a\p-jys‚ k¿Km-fl-I-Xbpw tIc-f-Øn¬

Hcp ]tXyI NcnX kµ¿`Øn¬ Hcpan®ph∂p

F∂Xm-Wv a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ C√m-Ø-hn[w tIc-f-Øn¬

hmZy-Ie hnI-kn-®-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew.

C∂sØ tIc-f-Øn¬ PmXo-I-c-W-Øns‚

Cu ]›m-Øew A]-Xy-£-am-hm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-´p-

≠v. sIm´p∂hcpsS Ipe-Øn¬ ]nd-t°≠Xn-√

Cs∂m-cmƒ°v sIm´p-Im-c-\m-hm≥ F∂v kZ\w

hmkp-tZ-h\pw Iem-a-WvUew tIi-h\pw sXfn-

bn-°p-∂p-≠v. am[-h-hm-cn-bcpw, sh¶n-®≥ kzmanbpw,

Nme-°pSn \ºo-i\pw AXp-t\-csØ sXfn-bn-®n-

´p-≠v. "Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cptS'Xmbn k¶¬∏n-°-

s∏- p-t]m∂ taf-I-esb sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v Zen-

Xcpw kz¥w Iesb apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-

∂p. ]pcp-js‚ Ie-sb∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ

kvXoIfpw sImń-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

kvXoIƒ amXw ]¶m-fn-I-fmb ˛ AXn-te-

sdbpw ZenXv kvXoIƒ Hcp in¶mcn taf kwL-

ap-≠v tIm´-b-Øv. ¢mkn-°¬ taf-I-e-bpsS `mK-

am-bn-cp∂ kh¿W-X, ]pcp-j≥ F∂n-h-sb√mw

t`Zn-°p∂ Cu ZenXv kvXotaf kwLsØ

°pdn®v ]Tn-°m≥ Ata-cn-°-bnse tacn-em‚ v

k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp Kth-jI FØn-

bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ h∂p Hcp sIm√w Xma-kn®p sIm´p-

]-Tn-®p. Cu kwL-tØm-sSm∏w sImń-\-S∂ IΩyq-

Wn-Ãp-Im-cpsS Hcp tLmj-bm-X-bpsS `mK-am-bp-

≠m-bn-cp∂ in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬ I≠Xv, B Ata-

cn-°≥ kvXobpw a‰p kvXota-f-°m-tcm-sSm∏w

sImń-ØpSßp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

t\m°p-I; IΩyq-Wn-kw, Ata-cn-°, tIcfw

]pcp-j≥, kh¿W-X, kvXo, Zen-Xv-˛-Hm¿°m-hp∂

F√m hn]-co-X-ß-fpw -IqSn°e-cp∂ Hcp kµ¿`w.

Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS Xp≈-en¬ I≠ taf- B Ie

ChnsS \SptdmUnse kvXoØp-≈-en¬ hsc

FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥ :˛ taf-I-e-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-P-\-ßƒ°v a\- n-em-hp∂ coXn-bn¬ hnhcWw sNøm≥ ]K-¤≥

aem-bf at\m-ca `mjm-t]m-jn-Wn-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]¿.

lecjXkgä~j aìùl hgvjgíejCùhbqèv~äfw mqbªeÎve mukjfTgk

t£X \ho-I-cW b⁄ ]¶m-fnØ ê-ipXn

t£X \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬

Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-

Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

41


sN≠-ta-f-ßƒ

Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ipń amcm¿

sN≠-ta-f-ß-fn¬ kmXzn-Ihpw cmP-k-hp-amb

kz`mhw ihn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Iøpw tImep-

ambn sIm´p∂ taf-ßƒ kmXzn-I-hpw, c≠p

Iønepw tImep-sIm≠p sIm´p∂ taf-ßƒ cmP-

k-hp-ambn thWw IW-°m-°m≥. taf-ßƒ aq∂p

]mf-ß-fn¬°qSn HmSp∂ h≠n-I-fmWv. Xmfw, Ime-

]-amWw, Ime-\n¿Wbw Ch-bsX B Xn-X-bw.

Hcp tafw FX-k-

a-bw-sIm≠v Ign-

bpw, Ign -bWw

F∂v taf-]-am-

Wn°v t_m[-ap-

≠ m - h - W w .

Aßns\ Hcp

[mc-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn

tafw XpS -ßn -

bm¬ CSbv°p

sh®v AXn¬

am‰w hcp-Øp-∂Xv

Atcm -N -Ih p w

kn≤m¥ hntcm-[-hp-am-Wv. A]-Imcw \n¿±n-jvS-

ImessZ¿LysØ ka-b-_-‘n-X-amb Ime-

ssZ¿LysØ Dƒs°m-≈-Ø-°-hn[w Bcw-`n-°p-

∂-Xns\ Ime-]-amWw F∂p hyh-l-cn-°mw.

hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-bmWv ]m≠n°pw ]©m-cn-a-ń-

ep≈ taf-ßƒ°pw. ]m≠n-bn¬ Hmtcm L´-

Ønte°pw tafw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-tºmgpw, ]©mcn

coXn-bn¬ Hmtcm Imew amdp-tºmgpw, hcp-tØ≠

am‰-ßsf Ime-\n¿Wbw F∂p hnh-£n-°mw. taf-

ßfpw ]©-hm-Zyhpw HgpIp∂ Hcp \Zn-t]m-se-

bm-Wv. F∂m¬ CSbv°v Hgp°ns‚ Ime-Øns‚

˛ thKX Ipd-bp-hmt\m Ia-c-ln-X-ambn IqSp-hmt\m

hn[n-®n-ń-√. kq£va-ambn ]d-™m¬ Ime-Øn¬

hcp∂ am‰w ˛ hcp-tØ≠ am‰w ˛ t\Xr-ÿm-\o-

b¿ amXta Adn-bm-hq. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Ime-

Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn tafw Iem-in-°p-∂Xv timXm-

°-fn¬ Hcp Iem-iw-IqSn BIm-am-bn-cp-s∂∂p

tXm∂n-bv°p∂ L´-Øn-em-h-Ww. A√msX Iam-

Xo-X-ambn apdp-Ip-∂Xv taf-Øn-s‚bpw ]©-hm-Zy-

Øn-s‚bpw Xmb-º-I-bp-sSbpw Bkzm-Zy-Xbv°pw

Na-XvIm-c-Øn\pw £Xw X´p-sa-∂Xpw ]tXyIw

i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. km[m-cW \nebv°v ssk≤m-

¥n -I -ambn ]d -

™m¬ ]©mcn

amXr -I -bn -ep≈

t a f - ß - f p s S

Hmtcm Imehpw

XpS -ßnb Ime-

Øns‚ Cc-ń -

tbmfw apdp -In -

bm¬ Iem-in-°-

Ww. As√-¶n¬

ASpØ Ime-

Øns‚ hnfw-_-

L´w sXm´p ap≥

]sØ Ime-Øns‚ hnfw-_-L- -hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-

s∏-Sp-I-bp-an-√. Cu Akz-ckw hcm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥

Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]tXyIw i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

sN≠ taf-ß-fn¬ ]©m-cn, ]m≠n, AS-¥,

A©-S-¥, Nº, sNº-S, [phw Ch-bmWv C∂v

\ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. Cu taf-ßƒs°√mw hmZn-°p∂

(hm-bn-°p-∂) D]-I-c-W-ßƒ H∂pX-s∂. Dcp- p-sN-

≠, he-¥-e, Ce-Øm-fw, Ipdp-¶p-g¬, sImºv F∂n-

h-bmWv hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßƒ. CXn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-f-

Øns‚ Bkzm-Zy-X-tbm, kpJ-tam, a‰p taf-ßƒ°v

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ]m≠n-ta-f-sam-gn®v a‰p taf-ß-

sf√mw Iøpw --tIm-ep-ambn sIm´p-∂-h-bm-Wv. Iøpw

tImep-ambn sIm´p∂ taf-ßƒs°√mw tImev I\w-

Ip-d®pw Iøn\v ]m[m\yw sImSp-Øp-amWv

sIm´p∂Xv ˛ As√-¶n¬ sImt -≠-Xv. AXp-sIm-


42

≠mWv Cu taf-ßƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬

B\-µhpw BÀm-Zhpw timXm-hn\v D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

Cu taf-ß-fn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-\mWv NI-

h¿Øn ÿm\w Xs∂ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \mZ-

ip-≤n-sIm≠v Iøpw tImens‚ I\w Ipd™

]tbm-Khpw (\-Sp-hpw, h°pw IW-°m-°n) Xmfm-

[n-jvTn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-fw, a‰p

kwL-I-e-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw sshin-jvSy-am¿∂-Xm-

Wv. hyXykvX kz`m-h-ß-fn-ep≈Xpw, hn`n-∂-ip-

Xn-bn-ep≈Xpamb sN≠, he-¥-e, Ce-Øm-fw,

Ipdp-¶p-g¬, sImºv Chsb√mw ktΩ-fn-°p-tºmƒ

Hcp ]tXyI \mZ-ebw Xs∂ krjvSn-°p-hm≥

km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. ASp-Øp-\n∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ

sN≠-I-fpsS ipXn hntbm-Pn∏v Ipd-®-Ise \n∂v

tIƒ°p-tºmƒ B¿°pw Xs∂-bp-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.

]mtZ-in-I-amb sNdnb hyXym-k-ßƒ Ds≠-¶n¬

Xs∂bpw tIc-fob t£X-hm-Zy-I-e-I-fn¬ Cß-

s\-bp≈ Nn´bpw kº-Zm-bhpw F√m-bn-SØpw

\ne-\n∂p t]mcp∂p≠v. CXn¬ \n∂pw \ap°p

a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv, ]©m-cn-tafØn\v

a‰p-ta-f-ß-tf-°mƒ ]m[m-\yhpw al-Xzhpw Iev]n-

®n-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-I-fn¬ A\p-

t]-£-WobhpamWv F∂p-am-Wt√m?

\qdpw \qdn-e-[n-Ihpw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp-

°p∂ taf-ß-fnepw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønepw BZysØ

Hcp Iº\w apX¬ Ah-km-\sØ Xodv Iem-iw-

hsc (]-©-hm-Zy-Xn-an-e-amhp hsc) ]s¶-Sp-°p∂

Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS \mbI ÿm\w \n¿∆-ln-°p∂

hy‡n-bpsS˛ Hmtcm Ne-\-ßƒ°pw A\p-k-cn®v

˛ Adn™v Dƒs°m≠v ˛ Bkz-Zn®v ˛ B\-µn®v

HsØmcp-an®v \oßp∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Bkzm-

ZI hrµsØ Hmtcm D’-h-∏-d-ºp-I-fnepw ˛ ]qc-

∏-d-ºp-I-fnepw \ap°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw.

ipXn, \mZw, Xmfw F∂nh kwtbm-Pn-°p-tºmƒ

Hcp ]tXyI ebw-Xs∂ kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂p. Cu

ebw Hmtcm Bkzm-Z-I-s‚bpw a\- n¬ XØn-°-

fn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-hmw, Cu kwtbm-Pn-X-amb A\p-

`q-Xn°v \msa-√m-hcpw hnt[-b-cm-hp-∂-Xv. Cusbmcp

khn-ti-jX a‰v kwÿm-\-ß-fnse hmZy-I-em-ti-

Wn-bn¬ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂n-√, F∂Xv X¿°-

a‰ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Cßns\ \mw km[m-cW KXn-

bn¬ Nn¥n-®mepw A]-K-Yn®p t\m°n-bm-epw

kºp-jvS-amWv kar-≤-amWv kº-∂-am-Wv, tIc-

fob hmZy-I-e-Iƒ F∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂p-≠-t√m.

Xmf]≤-Xn-bn¬ ]©m-cn, A©-S-¥, e£van,

a¿Ωw, ImcnI Cu Xmf-ß-sf√mw tIc-fob Ie-

I-fn¬ amXw ]tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂-h-bm-Wv. CXn¬

\n∂pw hy‡-am-hp∂ Hcp hkvXpX, at¥m-]m-k-

\-sb-°mƒ tijvT-amWv \mtZm-]m-k-\- F∂

XXzw A¿∞-h-Øm-hp-I-bm-Wv. at¥m-]m-k-\-

sIm≠v D]m-k-I\v amXw A\p- q-Xn- e- n-°p-tºmƒ

\mtZm-]m-k-\-sIm≠v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ImWn-

Iƒ B\-µn-°p∂p BÀm-Zn-°p-∂p, Cu hmZy-I-

e-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°p∂p. Cu XXzw sN≠-ta-f-Øn-

em-bmepw tkm]m\kwKo-X-Øn-em-bmepw A\p-

-h-th-Zy-am-Wv.

Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ip´n amcm¿ :˛ hmZy-ta-f-I-e-I-sf-°p-dn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ⁄m\-ap≈

Iem-Im-c≥. ]mWn, ]cn-j-hmZyw XpSßn A\p-jvSm-\-ß-fn¬ ]K-¤≥. IpSp-°-hoW F∂ hyXykvX

hmZy-]-tbm-‡m-hv.

t£X \ho-I-cW b⁄ ]¶m-fnØ ^e-ipXnt£X \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-

tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

43


ipXn-tafw ˛ Hcp kz]v\-km-£m-XvImcw ]fl-io. a -∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip- n-am-cm¿

Ie-Iƒ, ]tXy-In®pw kwL-I-e-Iƒ,

DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Iq´m-bva-bpsS hnP-b-c-l-ky-am-

Wv. kam\ a\- p-Iƒ Htc t]mse ]h¿Øn-°p-

tºmƒ amX-amWv kwL-I-e-Iƒ hnP-b-am-hp-∂-

Xv. tIc-fob taf-I-e-I-fn¬ CsX-X-amXw ]mtbm-

Kn-I-am°mw F∂ Nn¥-bmWv "ipXn-taf'Øn∂m-

[m-cw.

h¿j-ß-tfm-f-ambn tIc-f-Øns‚ hnhn[

]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂ taf-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØ

A\p-`hw Xs∂-bmWv CØcw Hcp Nn¥-bn-te°v

Fs∂ \bn-®Xv. temI-Ønse Xs∂ G‰hpw

˛ AXp-am-X-amWv ipXn-tafwsIm≠v A¿∞am°n-

b-Xv.

Dcp- p-sN-≠-Iƒ Htc aq∏n-e≈hbm-°p-I-sb-

∂Xv Zp-jvI-c-amb H∂√. he-¥-e-s®-≠-Ifpw A]-

Imcw Xs∂. Htc ipXn-bn-ep≈ Ce-Øm-f-ßfpw

Xøm-dm-°mw. taf-Øn¬ DuXp∂ sImºp-Iƒ GI-

tZiw IrXy-amb FÆ-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv DuXn-h-

cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ipg-ens‚ ÿnXn A]-Im-c-a-√.

hyXykvX ipXn-bn-ep≈ Ipg-ep-Iƒ, Xmf-h- -ßƒ

\nd®v DuXpI F∂-Xp- am-X-amWv Ah-cpsS coXn.

IrXy-ambn Nn -s∏-Sp-Ønb FÆ-ßtfm kzc-ßtfm

A√ taf-Øn-\q-Xp-∂-Xv.

Ipg-en-eq-Xp∂ Xmf-h- -ßsf IrXy-ambn kzc-

s∏-SpØn Nn -sN-øpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ia-I-c-amb

ZuXyw. ]kn≤ \mK-kzchnZzm\pw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬

hmZ-I-\p-amb io. ]√m-hq¿ IrjvW≥Ipń C°m-

cy-Øn¬ klmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Xmf-h-´-

ßƒ \nd-®q-Xp-∂n-SØv Ahsb IrXy-ambn kzc-

s∏-Sp-Øn, Iem-i-ßƒ°p≈ kn·-ep-Iƒ Nn´-s∏-

Sp-Øn, 96 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ ]©mcntaf-

Øns‚ H∂mwImew i¶-cm-`-cWcmK-Ønepw, 48

A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠m-wImew taml\cmK-

Ønepw, 24 A£c Ime-Øn-ep≈ aq∂mwImew

henb hmZy-knw-^-Wn-bmWv taf-ßƒ. sN≠-

Ifpw, Ce-Øm-f-ßfpw, Ipg-ep-Ifpw, sImºp-Ifpw

]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fmbn Cg-tN-cp∂ kwL-I-e. Cu

D]-I-c-W-ßƒ Bh-iy-amb A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ tafn-

°p-tºm-fp-≠m-Ip∂ Aù-a-amb tafm-\p- hw ]q¿∆-

kva-cn-Iƒ \ap°p ]I¿∂p-X-∂n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ipXn-t®m¿®

Fs∂ h√msX Ae-ń-bn-cp-∂p. hyXykvX aq∏n-

ep≈ sN≠-Iƒ, hyXykvX ipXn-I-fn-ep≈

sImºp-Iƒ, Ipg-ep-Iƒ..... Ch-sb√mw Htc aq∏nepw

ipXn-I-fn-ep-am-sW-¶n¬ tIƒhn A\p-`hw FX-

amXw lrZy-am-bn-cn°pw! tIc-f-Ønse \S-∏p-co-

Xn-Isf adn-I-S-°m-\-√, adn-®v, AXns‚ tIƒhn-

kpJw IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-am-°n -am-‰m-\p≈ iaw


44

tIZm-c-KufcmK-Ønepw, 12 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈

\memwImew B\-µ-ss`-chncmK-Ønepw Nn´-s∏-

Sp-Øn. ]©mcntaf-Øns‚ G‰hpw BI¿j-I-amb

A©mw-Imew jlm\cmK-Øn-emWv kzc-s∏-Sp-Øn-

b-Xv. XpS¿∂v Xocp-I-em-i-Øn\v a≤y-am-hXn cmK-

hpw. Znh-k-ß-tfmfw \o≠p -\n∂ ia-I-c-amb

ZuXy-am-bn-cp-∂p, CXv. ]cn-io-e-\-th-f-I-fn¬

\nd™ a\-t msS D’mlw ]I¿∂ kplr-Øp-

°ƒ Gsd!

Npcp°w FÆw Iem-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-

bmWv ipXn-tafw km£m-Xv°-cn-®-Xv. _n.-Fw.-Pn.

Ikt‚m Cu kz]v\ km£m-Xv°m-c-Øn\p ihy-

`mjyw Na-®p. Bkzm-Z-I¿ BZy-ambn ipXn-tafw

tI´Xpw Imk-‰n-eqsS Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

ipXn-tafw Zp m-≤y-sa-∂-`n-]m-b-s∏-´-h¿

]n∂oSpw CXns\ JWvUn-®p. ]cn-an-X-amb FÆw

Iem-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-SpØn amXta CXp km≤y-

am-hp-I-bp≈q F∂mbn Ah¿. ]n∂oSv ]e thZn-

I-fnepw \qtdmfw Iem-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-SpØn

ipXn-tafw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. XpS¿®-bmb ]cn-io-e-

\-ßfpw CXn-\m-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\p D’m-

lhpw Du¿÷hpw X∂ kl-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿°p

\nd™ a\-t msS \µn................

]q¿ÆX Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smhp∂ H∂pan-√.

ipXn-ta-fhpw ]q¿Æ-a-s√-∂-dn-bmw. Xo¿®-bmbpw

iaw XpS-cp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. C∂p \S-°p∂ taf-

ßƒ°v Ipg¬ hmbn-°p-∂-h¿, Ah¿ FXp ]tZ-

i-Øp-\n-∂p hcp-∂-h-cm-bmepw icn, Hcpt]mse˛

Htc ipXn-bn¬ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb kzc-ßƒ ˛ hmbn-

°p-∂Xp tIƒ°p-∂p. ipXn-ta-f-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb

hnPbw AXp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-

∂p. tIc-f-sam-´msI \S-°p∂ taf-ß-fn¬ B

ipXn-kp- -K-amb Ipg¬hnfn tIƒ°m-\mbn \ap°v

ImtXm¿°mw....

]fl-io. a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-´n-am-cm¿ :˛ Xmb-º-I-e-bn¬ X\Xvssien hm¿sØ-SpØ Iem-Im-

c≥. hmZy-ta-f-cw-KØv BZy-ambn ""]fl'' Ahm¿Uv t\Snb ]K-¤≥. ]i-kvX-amb Xriq¿]qc-Ønse

Xncp-h-ºmSn hn`m-K-Ønse taf-]-am-Wn. ipXn-ta-f-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hv.

ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvxvfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC, iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokX


lecjXkgä~j aìùl hgvjgíejCùhbqèv~äfw mqbªeÎve mukjfTgk

45


H®-∏m-Sns‚ ]Xy-b -imkvXw

hn. Iem-[-c≥

""Xmf-Øns‚ tKm]p-c-ßƒ'' F∂ at\m-l-

c-amb ]_-‘-sa-gpXn sN≠-hm-Z-\-I-e-bpsS kuµ-

cy-hn-Xm-\-ßƒ temI-k-a£w sIm≠p-h∂ sI.-

kn. \mcm-b-W≥ voice˛t\°mƒ "noise'\v Xß-

fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]mapJyw Iev]n-®-h-cmWv ae-

bm-fn-Iƒ F∂v \nco-£n-®n-´p-≠v. kq£va-tim-X-

ßƒ°p amXw ]m]y-amb \mZ-X-cw-K-ß-tf-°mƒ

H®∏m-Sns‚ kjvSm-°fpw Bcm-[-I-cp-amWv ae-

bm-fn-Iƒ F∂v Imew sXfn-bn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. ho≠pw ho≠pw

ASn-b-¥ncw

h\-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv h\y-ar-K-

ßsf Bń-b-I-‰m≥ \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-I¿ HcpXcw

]ds®≠Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-bv°mw. Imhp-

I-fn¬ \n∂v t£X-ß-fn-te-bv°p≈ Bcm-[-\m-

e-b-ß-fpsS ]cn-h¿Ø-\-L-´-ß-fn-se-t∏m-sg-¶n-ep-

am-hWw sN≠ ASn-b-¥n-c-®-S-ßp-I-fpsS `mK-am-

b-Xv. Dud-bv°n´ ]ip-hn≥ tXm¬ sslµ-h-t£-

X-ß-fn¬ \njn-≤-a-√m-Xm-b-Xns‚ clkyw

_m“WyØns‚ Ipg-eq-Øp-Im-cmbn amdnb

s]mXp-hmƒ amcm¿ kap-Zmbw Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. arK-_-en-bpw,

I≈pw, Nmcm-bhpw, tImgnsb Ad-°epw A[:IrX-

ssZ-h-ßƒ°v hn´p-sIm-SpØv, ssih-˛-ssh-jvWh

aq¿Øn-Isf kky-t`m-P-\-°m-cmb kmXzn-I-cm°n

am‰n-b-h¿ Ft¥ XpI¬ hmZy-ßƒ°v \me-º-e-

Øn¬ ]XnXyw Iev]n-®n√? ]c-am-h[n a±-f-Øn\v

tZh-Xzhpw, sN≠bv°v Bkp-c-Xbpw Iev]n-°mt\

Ah¿°p Ign-™p-≈q. ho°≥ sN≠bpw Dcp-´p-

sN-≠bpw ItaW Aº-e-ß-fnse ioth-en-Iƒ°v

Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-Xmbn. \mK-kz-cw, Xhn¬ XpS-

ßnb adp-\m-S≥ hmZy-ßƒ°v ]th-i\w Inńb

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse t£X-ß-sf-°mƒ a≤y-tI-c-

f-Ønepw ae-_m-dn-ep-amWv sN≠- -a-±-f-ßƒ°pw˛C-

S-bv°bpw A¥ pw AwKo-Im-chpw Gdn-b-Xv.

ssIkvXh kap-Zm-b-Øn\v ta¬ss°-bp≈

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ uXn-I-]p-tcm-KXn tIc-f-Ønse

CX-c-]-tZ-i-ß-tf-°mƒ hfsc thK-Øn-em-bn-cp-

∂p. CXns‚ ]Xn-^-e-\-sa-t∂mWw Ahn-SpsØ

t£X-ßƒ°pw \√ hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-bn. Aº-e-

ßƒ IqSp-X¬ sXfn-™p. ImSp-t]m-bn. kz¿W-

s°m-Sn-a-c-ßƒ kpe- -am-bn. ImWn-°-Iƒ \nd-™p.

F∂m¬ a≤y-tI-c-f-Ønepw ae-_m-dn-eptam? ]g-

In-s∏m-Sn™ HmSp-Iƒ, Zhn® Igp-t°m-ep-Iƒ,

Np‰n\pw sNdnb ImSv, ][m-\- K-Xm-KX kuI-cy-

ß-fp-ambn kmam\yw \√ AIew ˛ B¿°-tbm-

fPn hn`m-K-Øn-\p-amXw IuXpIw tXm∂n-bv°p∂

Cu t£X-ß-fn-emWv Aº-e-hm-kn-I-fmb s]mXp-

hmƒam-cpw, amcm-∑mcpw sN≠-bnepw a±-f-Ønepw

H®bpsS alm-ku-µ-cy-sam-cp -°n-b-Xv. \qdpw

\q‰≥]Xpw hmZy-°m¿ AWn-\n-c-°p∂ i_vZ-

Øns‚ Iq‰≥ ku[-ßƒ Ah¿ Aº-e-ap-‰-ß-fn¬

]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn. a\p-jy-]-b-Xv\-Øns‚ Kwò-c- km-

£m¬°m-c-ß-fp-ambn i_vZ-I-e-bpsS ]nc-an-Up-

Iƒ Xosh-ń-I-fpsS kz¿W shfn-®-Øn¬ tZh-

Xm-ssN-X-\y-am-bn. \me-º-e-Øn¬ ]qP-Iƒ°pw

]Z-£n-W-ßƒ°p-ambn AI-ºSn tkhn-°p∂

sN≠ IqSp-X¬ apdp-°-tØm-sS, h¿≤n-X-ho-cy-

tØm-sS, ]pdw-tem-IØv \nd-™p.

Rm≥ Rms\∂ `mhw

Iq´mbn Pohn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ H‰bv°p \S-

°m\pw ]h¿Øn-°m\pw t\Sm-\p-ap≈ hmk-\bpw

tamlhpw a\p-jy\v Ie-i-em-Wv. Alw-t_m[

(Cu-tKm)an√m-sX, hy‡n-K-X-amb C—m-i-‡n-bn-

√m-sX, a\p-jy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-√. Ie-I-fn-tebv°p

h∂m¬ CXns‚ anI® DZm-l-c-W-amWv taf-Øn¬

\n∂v Xmb-º-I-bn -te-bv°p≈ "sN≠'bpsS

apt∂‰w. Bh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ bm¥n-I-X-bn¬ \n∂v


46

kn≤n-bp-sSbpw `mh-\-bp-sSbpw kap-Z-Ønse

\mhn-I-\m-hp-tºm-gmWv Iem-Im-c≥ Bfl-kw-Xr-

]vXn-b-S-bp-∂-sX∂v a -∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń ]e-t∏mgpw

ASn-h-c-bn-Sm-dp≈ Imcyw Hm¿Ω hcp-∂p.

IY-I-fn-bn-se-∂-t]mse Xmb-º-I-bpsS

kz`m-h-\n¿W-b-Ønepw IWn-i-amb tiWo-I-

cWw \ap°v ImWm-\m-hpw. cmhp-Zn-°p-tºmƒ cwK-

h-µ-\-Øn\v ioIr-jvW-th-j-ßƒ, IY XpS-ßn-

bm¬ [otcmcm-Zm-Ø-\m-b-I≥, Ccp-ń\v I\w IqSp-

∂-tXmsS ]Xn-\m-b-I≥, cm£-k-cq-]-ßƒ, BZn-

Xys‚ ]p\-cm-K-a-\-tØmsS h[w, tNmc F∂n-

ßs\ IY-I-fn-bvs°mcp \nb-X-amb kº-Zm-b-ap-

≠v. A]-hm-Z-ß-fn-cn-bv°-s´. Xmb-º-I-bntem?

apJw Ign-™m¬ ]Xn-Im-ew, ]n∂oSv Iqdv. Iqdv

Ign-™m¬ P\-°q-´-Øn-\n-S-s]-Sm-\p≈ L´-ß-fm-

bn. CS-h-´hpw CS-\n-ebpw "Ccn-InS'bpw IW-°n-

t\-°mƒ Iøm-Wv. Imcy-tØ-°mƒ Ifn-bm-Wv.

IjvSn-bm-Wv. s]mó≥ Ipd™ Zmh-I-am-Wv.

B¬°-tlmƒ A[n-I-am-Wv. at\m-_-e-tØ-°mƒ

imco-cn-I-i-‡n-bm-Wv. Adn-hn-t\-°mƒ Bth-i-am-

Wv. km[-\-sb-°mƒ kvtXm`-am-Wv. Iem-\n-c-

£csc Iøn-se-Sp-°-ep-am-Wv.

AXn¿Øn-ew-L\w

ZriyIe-Isf At]-£n®v taf-Ønepw ]©-

hm-Zy-Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw Xmtcm-Zbw hfsc

sshIn. Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-‰m-≠n-s\m-Sp-hn-emWv Ch-bn-

se√mw Xmc-ßƒ s]cp-In-b-Xv. hmZy-I-e-I-fnse

\£-X-ßƒ IS¬I-S∂v temI-P-\-X-bpsS Xnf-

ßp∂ ZrjvSn-bn¬h-∂p. B¿ v kn\n-a-I-fn¬ Hgnhm-

°m-\m-hm-Ø-h-cm-bn. kzImcy Nm\-ep-I-fn¬ ÿnc-

°m-cm-bn. Ne-®n-X-\-S-∑m¿°pw CX-c-tZ-i-ß-fnse

hmZy-Im-c-∑m¿°pw sN≠bpw CS-bv°bpw angmhpw

]nSn-In-´mØ Zu¿_-ey-am-bn. s]cp-h-\-sØbpw

Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn-sebpw Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn-sebpw

Bdm-´p-]p-g-bn-sebpw Fd-Wm-Ip-fØpw inh-t£-

X -Øn -sebpw taf -ßƒ°v P\w s]cp -In .

Nm\¬°m¿°v hni-a-an-√m-Xm-bn.

IY-I-fn-bn-sem-gnsI \∂mbn hen®v aq∏n®

HØ Hcp sN≠ ImWm≥ ]mSp-s]-ń-cp∂ Xncp-

hnXmwIq-dp-Im¿°v, tafhpw Xmb-º-Ibpw IqSmsX

PohnXw X≈n-\o-°m-\m-hmØ Ah-ÿ-h-∂p. a[y-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse alm-t£-X-ß-fn-tebv°v

tafhpw Xmb-º-Ibpw IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cpsS hotdmsS

IS-∂p-sN-∂p. Ch-bpsS ÿm\w \n¿W-bn-°-s∏-

´p. ]pXnb ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ ]nd-∂p. \mK-kz-c-Øn-

sebpw Xhn-en-sebpw Pzen-°p∂ inc- p-Iƒ

AkvX-an-®-Xn-\m¬ ]pXp-]m-c-º-cy-ßƒ°v InS-a-’-

c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. Ign™ Im¬\q-‰m-≠n-\p-

≈n¬ Fs¥√mw Iogvta¬ adn-®n-ep-I-fmWv \ΩpsS

t£X-kw-kv°m-c-Øn-ep-≠m-b-Xv?.

in¶m-cn-tafw

Ata-cn-°-bnse sacn-em‚ v k¿∆-I-em-im-e-

bn¬ \n∂v Kth-j-W-Øn-s\-Ønb ImX-dn≥ F∂

hnZym¿∞n-\n-tbm-sSm∏w ]h¿Øn-®-t∏m-gmWv

"in¶m-cn-tafw' Rm≥ i≤n-®-Xv. hS-°≥ ]d-hq-

cnse Hcp amcm¿, kml-N-cy-t]-c-W-bm¬ c≠p-]-

Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ap≥]v, kwhn-[m\w sNbvX

"]©mcn'bnep≈ I¨sI-´p -hn -Zy -bmWv

]n¬°mew in¶m-cn-ta-f-ambn tIc-f-saßpw s]mSn-

]m-dn-®-Xv. Xo¿Øpw `‡n-ap-‡-am-b, BNm-c-hn-cp-

≤ -amb, "\rØ-˛ -\m -Z -hn -kvab'ambn -´mWv

"in¶mcntafw' hne-kp-∂-Xv. PmXn-˛-a-X-˛-h¿K-˛-t`-

Z-an-√msX sNdn-sbm-cp Xmf-t_m-[-ap≈ B¿°pw

s]cp-am-dm-hp∂ Hcp hmZ-\-im-J. tIm´bw Pn√-

bn¬ s]Æp-ß-fpsS in¶m-cn-ta-f-kwLw ]_-e-

am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xmbn ImX-dn≥ ]d-™p.

sIm´p-Im¿ Nph-Sp-Iƒ shbv°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p

IqSn-bm-hWw "in¶mcn tafw' ImgvN-°m¿°v lc-

am-hp-∂-Xv. km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS knc-Isf

Ffp∏w aYn-°p∂ cmk-aq-eIw in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øn-

ep-s≠∂v a´-∂qcpw I√q¿ cma≥Ip-ńbpw hne-bn-

cp-Øn-b-tXm¿°p-∂p. taf-a-dn-bm-Xn-cp∂ t£X-ß-

fn¬ tafw ]bp-‡-am-b-Xn\v kam-¥-c-ambn ]pdsa

in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ h≥ IpXn-∏p-Iƒ! ]≈n-s∏-cp-

∂m-fp-Iƒ°pw, PmY-Iƒ°pw, tjm∏nßv sk‚¿

DZvLm-S-\-Øn\pw, cmjvSob ]m¿ń-I-fpsS tbmK-

ßƒ°pw in¶m-cn-tafw Hcp hio-I-c-W-X¥w!

bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I¿°pw, aX-hn -izm-kn-Iƒ°pw,

am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im¿°pw, aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw,

bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw Hcpt]mse kzoIm-cy-amb

47


]Xn`mk-am -Wn -X v . Hcp]t£ "in¶m -cn -

taf'Ønemhpw tIc-f-Øn¬ BZysØ kºq¿Æ-

tkm-jy-enkw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-hp-∂-Xv.

H®bpsS sa®w

]mc-ºcyhmZy-I-e-Ifpw Ah-bpsS tIƒhn-

°mcpw AhnsS \n¬°-s´. ae-bm-fn-bpsS apJy[m-

cmkw-kv°m-c-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv?

sNIn-S-S-∏n-°p∂ i_vZ-]-f-b-ambn amdn-bns√

\ΩpsS P\-Iob hnt\m-Z-I-e-Iƒ?. ASn-s]m-fn-∏m-

´p-I-fnepw AXn-th-K-\r-Ø-®p-h-Sp-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-

e-Ønepw ImXp-s]m- n-°p∂ i_vZ-ßƒ. Ch-bpsS

Ah-Xm-c-I¿°pw t]£-I-˛-tim-Xm-°ƒ°pw

_p≤n-bpsS A\p-Klw th≠. a\p-jyXzw th≠.

Xmf-ß-fpsS kq£va-am-X-I-f-dn-b-≠. ]c-lr-Z-b-

⁄m\w th≠. ipXnbpw ho≠p-hn-Nm-chpw Xosc

th≠.

H®bn-em-Wv ae-bm-fn-bpsS apgp-h≥ hnizm-

k-hpw. sk¬t^m-Wn¬, Xoh-≠n-bn¬, hnam-\-

Øn¬, sXcp-thm-c-ß-fn¬, `£-W-im-e-I-fn¬,

kn\n-am-im-e-I-fn¬, em≥Uv t^mWp-I-fn¬, ]`m-

j-W-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚/Ah-fpsS IWvT-t£m`w

kwkvIm-c-ap≈ Hcp a\- n\pw kln-°m-h-X-√.

\n]p-W-tim-X-ß-fpsS \mSm-bn-cp-∂p, Hcn°¬

\ΩpsS sIm®p-tI-c-fw. H.hn. hnP-bs‚ "Im‰p-]-

d™ IY'bnse \mb-I≥ Ip™pÆn imkvX-

⁄s‚ D∂-X-]-Zhn Dt]-£n®v ]me-°ms´ Kma-

Øn-se-Øn-bXv Npc-Øn-eqsS hoip∂ Im‰ns‚

t\¿Ø ipXn-b-\p-`-hn®v tam£-a-S-bm-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

H® \ΩpsS kuµ-cy-im-kvX-am-bXv hn[n-I-ev]-\-

bm-em-hmw. CXn¬ D∑-Ø-cm-hp-tºmgpw, au\-Øn-

s‚bpw kq£va-\m-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw D]m-k-I-cm-hm≥

hcw- e-`n® ]mNo\ Ejn-h-cy-∑m-cpsS ]mc-ºcyw

\ap°v Xo¿Øpw A\y-am-I-W-sa-∂pt≠m?

Bfl-hn-th-I-Øn\v ae-bm-fn-bpsS A`-b-

ÿm\w BcmWv? hnim-¥n°v \ΩpsS kaq-l-

Øn¬ Fhn-sS-bm-sWm-cnSw?

hn. Iem[c≥ :˛ tIcf IemaWvUeØn¬ AUvan\nkvtS‰ohv Hm^okdmbn NpaXe

hln°p∂p. hnhn[ hntZi KthjI¿s°m∏w KthjW klmbnbpw ]¶mfnbpw. tImgnt°mSv

k¿∆Iemimebn¬ t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokns‚ ap≥ AwKw. \nch[n teJ\ßƒ aebmfØnepw

Cw•ojnepw FgpXnbn´p≠v.

MvfãeBxòªaleJgcgú vfJcen, bfäTgbãxh¥x Sÿfb

vëègbez Y©pv~ägsë

mueãmukjC~W ùhlrìfòªgskeúgÿg.

smùköJf

lecjXkgä~j DÖh¥ ambemcflflecjXkgä~j, lôh¥tCfègJ - 682 301, SJCekgäX pfnâ,

Ph : 2778038, 98470 58128E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.thamara.net

aìùlmXyÀceã ktëglw bfbj~WTx yÀsh¥aëç bfnemX :


48

Xmb-º-I-bvs°mcp k‘y-the It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-X≥Ip- n-am-cm¿

Hmtcm P\-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kmwkv°m-cnI

tijvTX AXXp-]-tZ-iØv ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ Iem-

aq-ey-ß-fn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. temI-

Øns‚ hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈

]e-Xcw Iem-cq-]--ßƒ, B ]tZ-i-Øns‚ kmaq-

lyhpw kmwkv°m-cn-I-hp-amb PohnXcoXn-°-\p-kr-

X-ambn D¬`q-X-am-

b-hbpw hf¿∂-h-

bp-am-Wv. Poh\

ssien q]-Ir-Xn-

bp-ambpw kmaq-

ln-I- -hn-Zym- ymk

taJ-e-bp-ambpw

_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-

∂p. tijvT-amb

kmaq-ln-I- -hn-Zym-

`ymk ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn-ep≈ P\-k-

aqlw hninjvS

kwkv°m-c-Øn\v

DS-a-I-fm-Ip-∂p. B kwkv°m-c-ip≤n Ie-I-fn-eqsS

]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p.

`mc-Xob P\-X-bpsS kwkv°mcw B≤ym-

fln-I-Xbn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cuiz-cm-cm-[-\-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. hnin-jym, tIc-fob P\-

X-bpsS kwkv°mcw hnK-lm-cm-[-\-bp-ambpw

Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bp-ambpw At -Zy-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-

∂p. Pohn-X-N-cy-bv°-\p-kr-X-amb coXn-bn¬

kwkv°m-c-ip-≤nbpw Bb-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn, kmaq-

lnI Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw Iem-`n-cp-Nnbpw cq]w

- ]m -]n -°p -∂p. t£Xw, P\-k-aq -l-Øns‚

kmwkvIm-cnI tIµ-ambn amdp-∂p. t£Xw tIµo-

Ir-X-ambn Ie-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. tIc-

fobIe-I-fn¬ H´pan° Ie-Ifpw t£X-I-e-I-

fmbn amdn-bXpw A]-Imcw Xs∂. t£X-I-e-I-

sf√mw t£Xm-Nm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘w-

]p-e¿Øp-∂p. t£X-I-e-Isf kmam-t\y\ A\p-

jvTm-\-I-e-I-sf∂pw Bkzm-Z\ (B-tLm-j) Ie-

I-sf∂pw c≠mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. A\p-jvTm-\-I-

e-I-fpsS Imem-\p-K-X-amb ]cn-jv°-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-

bmWv Bkzm-Z\ (B-tLm-j) Ie-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-

j n -° - s∏ - ´X p w

] N - c n - ® - X p w .

Bkzm -Z\ (B-

tLm-j) hn`m-K-

Øn¬s∏´ tIc-

fob t£X-hm-Zy-

I-e-I-fmWv ]©-

hm -Zyw, tafw,

tIfn, Xmb-ºI

apX-em-b-h. Ch-

bn¬ Xmb-º-I-

sbm-gnsI as‰√m

Iem -c q -] -ßfpw

kwL-I-e-I-fm-Wv.

Xmb-º-I-bm-hs´ ]tbm-‡m-hmb Iem-Im-c-\n¬

amXw tIµo-Ir-X-am-Wv. Xmb-º-I-sbm-gnsI at‰-

sXmcp tIc-fob t£X-hm-Zy-I-em-cq-]-Ønepw

sN≠-I-em-Im-c\v kzX-¥-amb Bhnjv°mc

km≤y-X-bn-√. Cu Bhn-jv°m-c-kzm-X-¥y-amWv,

Xmb-º-I-bpsS \mƒ°p-\m-fp≈ hf¿®bv°v Imc-

W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp \n›nX N -°q-Sn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂p-

sIm≠v Iem-Im-cs‚ Ignhpw A`y-k-\-Øns‚

anIhpw ˛ XnI®pw D]-I-c-W-hp-am-bp≈ CW-°-

Øns‚ A\-¥-km-≤y-Xbpw, tImen¬ \n∂pw

Iøn¬ \n∂pw D¤-hn-°p∂ i_vZ-ÿm-bn-Iƒ

XΩn-ep≈ Bt]-£n-I-Xzhpw hyXy-kvX-ÿm-bn-

bn-ep≈ i_vZ-ß-fpsS aniWw sIm≠p≈ kuIp-

amcyw sXfn-bn-°p-hm\pw at‰-sXmcp Ah-k-c-

Ønepw km≤y-am-Ip-∂n-√. IY-I-fn-°m-sW-¶n¬ Hcp

49


]°-ta-f-°m-cs‚ ÿm\-amWv sN≠-I-em-Im-c-\p-

≈-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ sN≠-I-em-Im-c\v

Bin-X-Xz-kz- mhw AYhm as‰mcp Iem-cq-]-Øn\v

anIhv h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\p≈ kl-Im-cI `mh-am-Wp-

≈-Xv. hy‡n-]-c-amb at\m-[¿Ω ]I-S-\-Øn-\p≈

Ah-kcw ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. hy‡ym-[n-jvTnX ]I-S-

\-Øn\pw k¿§m-fl-IX sXfn-bn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-

kcw Xmb-º-I-bn¬ amX-ta-bp-≈q.

Cu kzmX¥yw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Xmb-

ºI F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn\v \n¿Æ-bn-®n- p≈ IrXy-

amb AXn¿hc-ºp-I-fp-tSbpw LS-\-bp-tSbpw ]cn-

[n-bv°p-≈n¬ amXw hnl-cn-°p-hm-\m-Wv. Cu

]cn[n ewLn-°p-Itbm, Xmb-º-I-bpsS \n›nX

cq]-L-S-\-bn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p-Itbm sNøp-

∂-Xv, Xmb-ºI F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn-\p-]-Icw sN≠

F∂ D]-I-c-W-Øn¬ Hcp ]I-S\w ImgvN-sh-

bv°¬ amX-am-Ipw. Iem-Im-cs‚ at\m-[¿Ω-]m-S-

hw, Xmb-º-I-bpsS N -°q-Sn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

ImgvN-sh-bv°m≥ [mcmfw Ah-k-c-ßƒ Cu Iem-

cq-]-Øn-ep-≠v. A\p-tbm-Py-k-µ¿`-ß-fn-ep≈

]tbm-K-Nm-Xpcyw sIm≠p-Xs∂ hy‡n-]-`mhw

sXfn -bn -°p -hm\pw kzta-[bm Hcp ssien

hm¿sØSp°p-hm\pw km[n-°pw. Xmb-ºI

temIsØ hnkva-b-am-bn-cp∂ io. XrØme tIi-

h-s]m-Xp-hmfpw, io. ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cmcpw

AXmWv sXfn-bn-®-Xv.

]q¿∆-kq -cn -I -fmb io. ae-a¬°mhv

tIihs]m-Xp-hm-fpw, io. ]me-°mSv It√-°p-f-ßc

ANyp-X-am-cmcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS tZi-Øns‚ t]cn¬

X\Xv ssien-I-fpsS h‡m-°-fmbn C∂pw ]cn-

e-kn-°p-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Ccp-ssi-en-Ifpw

kZr-i-ß-sf-¶nepw Ccp-h¿°pw X\-Xp-ssi-en-bn¬

hy‡n-apZ ]Xn-∏n-°phm\pw, Ht´sd ]n≥X-e-ap-d-

°msc hm¿sØ-Sp -°p-hm\pw km[n-®p. ae-

a¬°mhp ssien-bpsS XpS¿®-°m-cmbn io. Xncp-

th-K-∏p-d -cm-a-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, io. XrØme Ip™n-

Ir-jvW-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, io. Ben-∏-dºv inh-cm-a-s]m-

Xp-hmƒ apX-em-b-hcpw, ]me-°m-S≥ ssien-bpsS

XpS¿®-°m-cmbn io. NnXen cma-am-cm¿, io. ]√-

»\ ]fl-\m-`-am-cm¿, io. Im®mw-Ip-dp»n NI-]m-

Wn-am-cm¿ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Xmb-ºI temIsØ

kqcy-tX-P- p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. io. XrØme tIih

s]mXp-hmƒ ae-a¬°mhv If-cn-bp--tS-bpw, io. ]√m-

hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ ]me-°m-S≥ If-cn-bp-tSbpw k¥m-

\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n´pw, Ccp-h¿°pw Ah-c-h-cpsS

hy‡n-]m-ho-Wyhpw kzX:kn≤ ssienbpw hnfw-

_cw sNøm≥ Ign-™Xv B alm-flm-°-fpsS

hy‡n-ssh-injvSyw sIm≠v amX-am-Wv. GI-tZiw

aqt∂m \mtem ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ap≥]p-hsc

t£X-hm-Zy-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿°v sIm≈p-hm\pw

sImSp-°p-hm\pw D≈ kµ¿`-ßƒ hnc-f-am-bn-cp-

∂p. ]mtZ-in-I-ambn tIµo-I-cn-®-Xn-\m¬, Htc If-

cn-bn¬ A`y-kn® ]Xn-`-Iƒ°v hn`n-∂-am-sbmcp

ssien-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°phmt\m ]c-kv]cw

ssIamdphmt\m km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Imew amdn-h-∂-

Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°v Bb-Xn\v kµ¿`-

ßfpw ku`m-Kyhpw kn≤n-®p. BbXv Xmb-º-I-

bpsS ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\pw hf¿®bv°pw ]i-

kvXn°pw ]N-c-W-Øn\pw klm-b-I-am-bn. ae-

a¬°mhv ssien-bn¬ XnI™ A`ymk_e-

tØmsS kv]jvS-ambpw taf-s°m-gp∏v \jvS-s∏-Sm-

tXbpw \njvI¿jnX FÆ-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n®pw

Xmb-º-I-bpsS c≠mw-L- -Øn¬ ]©m-cn-°q-dn\pw

sNº-Ip-dn\pw ]m[m\yw \¬Inbpw ]tbm-Kn-°p-

tºmƒ ]me-°m-S≥ ssien-bn¬ ta¬∏-d™

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒs°m∏w I¿Æm-SIkwKo-X-cw-

KsØ kzm[o\wIqSn Dƒs°m≠v Xmb-º-Isb

hnj-b-kw -_-‘n -I -fmb hyh-lm -c -ß-fm¬

k¶o¿Æ-P-Sn-e-am-°p-Ibpw ]ucp-j- mhw h¿≤n-∏n-

°p-Ibpw AS-¥-Iq-dn\v ]m[m\yw \¬In ]tbm-

Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C∂sØ Iem-Im-c-∑m¿

AXoh Nn¥m-ti-jn-bp-≈-hcpw At\z-jW IpXp-

In -I-fp -am -b-Xn -\m¬ Ccp -ssi-en -I-fn -tebpw

kØsb Dƒs°m≠v Xmb-ºI F∂ Iem-cq-

]sØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. [mcmfw sN≠-I-em-

Im-c-∑m-cp-s≠-¶nepw "Xmb-ºI Iem-Im-c-∑m-cmbn'

it≤-b-cm-Ip-∂-h¿ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. PK-Zo-iz-cn-

bmb tlamw-_n-I-bpsS A\p-Klw (Cu-iz-cm-\p-

K-lw), P∑-kn-≤n, Zo¿Lhpw ITn-\-hp-amb A`y-

k-\w, Nn¥m-i -‡n, at\m -hn -Im -kw, D]m -

k\mat\m-`m-hw, Xmf-t_m-[w, ipXn-t_m[w


50

F∂o khn-tij KpW-ß-fm¬ amXw ]tim-`n-

°m-hp∂ Hcp Iem-cq-]-amWv "Xmb-ºI'. hfsc

sNdn-b-sX∂v tXm∂n-°m-hp∂ \yq\-X-t]mepw

Xmb-º-Isb kw_-‘n®v hfsc ]k-‡-am-Wv.

sN≠ tXmfn-te-‰n-bp≈ \nev]pw ]tbm-K-th-f-

bn¬ ssII-fp-tSXp amX-a-√, F√m ico-cm-h-b-h-

ß-fpsS \nebpw KWy-amb ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p.

Hcp \√ Kpcp-\m-Ys‚ Iogn-ep≈ Zo¿L-Im-esØ

]cn-ioe\wsIm≠p amXta KpW-ta∑ ssIh-cn-

°m-\m-hq.

Xmb-º-I°v ]Xn-Im-ew, Iqdv, CS-Im-ew,

t\¿tIm¬-˛-C-cp-InS F∂n-ßs\ \mep L´-ß-fm-

Wp-≈-Xv. sNºS Xmf-Øn-emWv Xmb-ºI Nn´-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. sNºS Xmfw, NXp-c-i-\-S-bn-

emWv Xmb-º-I-bpsS ]Xn-Im-ew. Xmb-º-I-bpsS

apJw AYhm ]mcw` mKw, \ne, \men-cń F∂o

D]-L-´-ß-fn-embn Ian-I-ßfpw \n›n-X-hp-amb

LS-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb FÆ-ßƒ Hcp ka-Kp-WnX

t]mtK-js‚ KWn-Xm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. Xmb-º-I°v Ime-an´v ct≠m aqt∂m Xmf-

h-´-ßƒs°m≠v ]tbm-‡mhpw kl-]-h¿Ø-

Icpw timXm-°fpw Htc Ime-]-am-W-Øn¬ ebn-

®p-tN¿∂m¬, Iem-Im-cs‚ ]mho-Wy-Øn-\-\p-k-

cn®v ct≠m aqt∂m at\m-[¿Ω-]-tbm-K-ßƒ Ah-

X-cn-∏n®p Ign-™m¬, FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥

(Hcp km[m-cW ]Z-]-tbm-Kw) XpS-ßp-∂p. Hmtcm

FÆhpw \mep Ime-ß-fn-embn kZr-i-kz-`m-h-

tØmsS hn\y-kn-°p-∂p. FÆhpw \nebpw IqSn

Hcp Xmf-h´w hcp-∂-XmWv H∂mw Imew. Hmtcm

FÆhpw Hmtcm Ime-Ønepw c≠p XhW hoXw

Ime-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-amb ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ sImń-b-

tijw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. G‰n-®p-

cp-°p-∂-Xns‚ Iaw, c≠v XhW aq∂v ˛ c≠p-X-

hW c≠v c≠v XhW H∂v F∂Xm-Wv. \S∏p≈

kº-Zm-b-Øn¬ H∂mwImew G‰n-®p-cp-°m-dn-√.

H∂mw Ime-Øn¬ FÆw c≠p-X-hW sImń,

c≠mw Imew XpS-ßp-∂p. AXXp Ime-Øn¬

FÆw c≠p-X-hW sIm´p-∂-Xn\v "c≠v H‰'

sIm´pI F∂mWv ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. H∂mw Ime-

Øns‚ c≠v H‰ sIm´p-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn c≠v Xmf-

h´w Ign-™m¬ c≠mw-Im-e-Øns‚ "c≠v H‰'

sIm´p∂p. H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ Hscm‰bv°v Hcp

Xmf-h´w ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-t∏mƒ c≠mw Ime-Øns‚

Hscm‰bv°v 1/2 Xmf-h´w ssZ¿Ly-am-Ip-∂p. c≠mw

Ime-Øns‚ cs≠m-‰bv°v Hcp Xmf -h´w

ssZ¿Lyw. XpS¿∂v, c≠mw Ime-Øn¬ FÆsØ

G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂p. c≠mw Ime-Øn¬ Hcp XhW

aq∂m-°p-∂Xn\v Hcp Xmf-h- hpw, Hcp XhW c≠m-

°p-∂-Xn\v 3/4 Xmf-h-´hpw, Hcp XhW H∂m°p-

∂-Xn\v 1/2 Xmf-h-´hpw hcp-∂p. Cßns\ c≠v

XhW aq∂v, c≠v XhW c≠v, c≠p XhW H∂v

F∂ Ia-Øn¬ sIm´p-tºmƒ c≠mw Ime-Øn\v

BZy c≠p XhW sIm´p∂ H‰bv°v Dƒs∏sS

1/2 X 2 + 1 X 2 + 3/4 X 2 + 1/2 X 2 = 1+2+1 1/2+1= 5 1/2 Xmf-h´w hcp-∂p. aq∂mw Imew CXns‚

t\¿]-IpXn Xmf-h´ ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-

∂p. AXm-bXv cs≠m-‰bv°v 1/2 Xmf-h-´w, c≠v

aq∂n\v Hcp Xmf-h-´w, c≠v c≠n\v 3/4 Xmf-h-´w,

c≠v H∂n\v 1/2 Xmf-h´w Cßns\ BsI 2 3/4

Xmf-h´w hcp-∂p. H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ cs≠m‰

amXw-sImń c≠v, aq∂v Ime-ßƒ apgp-h-\mbn G‰n-

®p-cp-°n-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ 10 1/4 Xmf-h- -ßƒ hcp-∂p.

aq∂mw-Imew G‰n-®p-cp°n°gn-bp-tºmƒ D≈ Xmf-

h-´-Øn¬ tijn-°p∂ 3/4 Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ FÆ-

Øns‚ AwisØ hIn®v \mev Xpey Awi-ß-

fmbn sIm´p-∂p. Cu L´sØ "hIw sIm´pI'

F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. XpS¿∂v \memw Imew. sImń-

h-∂ Ia-a-\p-k-cn-®p-Xs∂ \memw Ime-Øn\v

cs≠m‰ Dƒs∏sS G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xn\v 1 3/8 Xmf-

h-´-ßƒ hcp-∂p. C]-Imcw `n∂n-Xmw-i-ambn hcp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ ]tbm-K-kp-`-K-X-bv°mbn \memw Ime-

Øn¬ c≠p-X-hW H∂v sIm´p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw

\mep XhW sIm´p-∂p. At∏mƒ \memw Imew

c≠v H‰ Dƒs∏sS G‰n-®p-cp-°p-tºmƒ 1 5/8 Xmf-

h´ ssZ¿Lyw-h-cp-∂p. tijn-°p∂ 3/8 Xmf-h-´-

Øn¬ aq∂mw Ime-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse FÆ-Øns‚

AwisØ \mep Xpey- m-K-ß-fmbn hIn®v ]tbm-

Kn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv aq∂mw Imew Ign-™p≈

hI-Øn\v 3/4 Xmf-h´ ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-t∏mƒ,

\memw Imew Ign-™p≈ hI-Øn\v t\¿]-Ip-Xn-

bmb 3/8 Xmf-h-´-ssZ¿Lyw hcp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈

51


Hcp Xmf-h´wsIm≠v sImń-h∂ FÆ-Øn-\-\p-kr-

X-ambn Iq¿∏n®v ASpØ FÆ-Øn-te°v IS-°p-

∂p. CXmWv HscÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xns‚ kmam-

\y-cq-]w.

]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬, Xmb-º-I-bpsS a¿Ω-]-[m-

\-amb mK-am-Wv, "InS-XnI Xcn-In-SX' F∂ FÆw.

Cu FÆw G‰n-®p-cp°n Ign-™m¬ Xni \S-

bn¬ \mep ÿm\-ßƒ ImWn®v "\ne' F∂ D]-

L-´-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. \ne-bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬

Ie-mIm-cs‚ ]mho-Wy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v at\m-[¿Ω-

ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-tijw FÆ-ßƒ sIm´p-hm≥

XpS-ßp-∂p. \mev

F Æ - ß - f m W v

sIm´m -d p -≈ -X v .

1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2F∂o Xmf -h -´ -

s s Z ¿Ly - a p≈

FÆ-ß-fmWv Ia-

Øn¬ sImń G‰n-

®p-cp-°p-∂-Xv. Cu

FÆ-ßƒ Ign -

™m¬ ]Xn-Im-e-

Øns‚ ASpØ

D ] - L - ´ - a m b

"\men -cń'bnte

°v ]th-in-°p-∂p. \mep X°n-´bpw Hcp Xcn-In-

Sbpw AS-ßp∂ 16 A£-c-ßƒ hcp∂ hmZ\w

Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ \mep XhW sIm´p-∂p.

Aßns\ Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 16 X 4 = 64 sIm´p-

Iƒ hcp-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-Xm-f-Øn-\p≈ 8 A£-c-

Øns‚ 4 Ccń (8, 16, 32, 64) Bb-Xn-\m-emhmw

"\men-cń' F∂v L´-Øn\v t]¿ \¬In-b-Xv. Cu

L´-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ CS-XpssI sIm≠p-≈

\mev ÿm\-ßƒ°v ]m[m\yw \¬In at\m-[¿Ω-

]m-S-h-a-\p-k-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n®tijw hyXykvX

coXn-I-fn¬ \men-c-ń-bpsS Cc-ń-bmbn aqt∂m

\mtem XhW Iem-Im-cs‚ ]mK-¤y-Øn-\-\p-k-

cn®pw km[-I-ip-≤n-bv°-\p-k-cn®pw hyh-lm-c-ssh-

Z-Kv[y-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v,

\men-cń \ne-bm°n CS-Xp-ssI-øn\v ]m[m\yw

sImSpØv c≠v FÆ-ßfpw tImen\v ]m[m\yw

sImSpØv c≠v FÆ-ßfpw ap≥]v kqNn-∏n® Ia-

Øn¬ G‰n-®p-cp°n "KW-]Xn ssI' sImń- ]-Xn-

Imew F∂ BZy-L´w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn Xmb-º-I-

bpsS c≠mw L´-amb Iqdn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. NXp-

c-i-\-S-bn-em-bn-cp∂ ]Xn-Imew \S-t`Zw sNbvXv

]tbm-Kn-°p∂ L´-am-Wn-Xv. ]©m-cn, sNº,

AS¥ F∂o aq∂pXcw Iqdp-I-fmWv ]Nm-c-Øn-

ep -≈-Xv . Xyi\S-bn -em -sW-¶n¬ ]©mcn

Iqsd∂pw JWvU-\-S-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ sNº-Iq-

sd∂pw, ani-\-S-

b n -em -sW -¶n¬

AS-¥-Iq-sd∂pw

]d-bp-∂p. sNºS

X m f - Ø n s ‚

Hmtcm amX-Ifpw

X Ω n - e p ≈

ssZ¿Lyw 5 eLp-

°ƒ (X-I-X-°n-´)

hoXw hcp∂ (J-

WvU-\-S) hmZ\

c oX n - b v° mW v

sNº-°qdv F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp

Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 5 X 8 = 40 eLp-°ƒ hcp-∂p.

tkm]m-\-k-º-Zmb Xmf-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ "sNº' Xmf-

Øn-\p≈ 10 A£-c-Im-e-Øns‚ KpWn-X-am-b-Xn-

\m-emhmw "sNº-°qdv' F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNbvX-

Xv. tkm]m\ kº-Zm-b-Øn¬ "JWvU-\S' F∂-

Xn\v "sNº-\S' F∂mWv ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xpw. F√m

Iqdp-Iƒ°pw \ne, \men-cń F∂n-ßs\ c≠v D]-

L-´-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. sNº-Iq-dns‚ \ne-bn¬ Iem-

Im-cs‚ ]mho-Wy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v KXn-bv°-\p-tbm-

Py-amb at\m-[¿Ω-ßfpw km[m-c-W-bmbn F√m-

hcpw ]tbm-Kn-°p∂ \njvI¿jnX cs≠-Æ-ßƒ

(K-Xn-bv°-\p-tbm-Py-am-b-h) G‰n-®p-cp°n \men-c-ń-

bn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. sNº-°q-dn¬ \men-c-ńbv°v

Hcp Xcn-In-Sbpw c≠p X°n-´bpw (4 + 6 = 10)

BWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ C]-Imcw 8


52

XhW sIm´p-tºmƒ 80 A£cw hcp-∂p. AXm-

bXv 10 X 2 X 4 = 80. Cu \men-cń \ne-bm°n

aq∂v FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n sNº-°qdv Iem-in®v

Xmb-º-I-bpsS aq∂mw-L- -amb CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v

IS-°p-∂p.

sNº-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ Hmtcm amXbv°pw 7

A£cw hoXw hcp∂ 8 X 7 = 56 eLp-°-f-S-ßn-

b-XmWv AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ ASn-ÿm\ LS-\. ]tbm-

K-em-fn-Xy-Øn-\p-th≠n 3 ki-_vZ-In-b-Ifpw 1/2

\ni-_vZ-In-bbpw AS-ßp∂ 4 L´-ß-fmbn sNº-

S-Xm-f-e-£W kZr-i-ambn Xs∂ (h-ew-X-e-bn¬

Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂hn[w A]-K-Yn-®m¬ t_m≤y-am-

hpw) cq]]cn-Wmaw hcpØn Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂p.

AXm-bXv 3 1/2 X 4 = 14 amX \ne-bpsS L -Øn¬

Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 14 hoXw 4 XhW ]tbm-Kn-

°p-tºmƒ 14 X 4 = 56 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp-∂p. tkm]m\

kº-Zmb Xmf-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ "AS¥' Xmf-Øn-\p≈

14- s‚ KpWn-X-am-b-Xn-\m-emhmw "AS-¥-Iqdv' F∂v

]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. \ne-bpsS L -Øn¬ at\m-[¿Ω

]tbm-K-Øn-\p≈ km≤yX hfsc IqSp-X-ep≠v

AS-¥-Iq-dn¬. A£-c-Ime ssZ¿Lyw IqSp-X-ep-

≈-Xn-\mepw ani-\-S-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmepw

Iem-Im--cs‚ ]mWvUn-Xy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]tbm-

Kn-°m-\p≈ km≤yX [mcm-f-am-Wv. b»:ico-c-\mb

Xmb-ºIhnZzm≥ io. Xncp-hn-√zm -ae Ipg-¥-kzman

AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ hnIm-k-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ injy-\mb Xmb-

ºI Ipe-]Xn io. ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ AS-¥-

Iq-dn¬ ]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ hymh-lm-cnI hnj-b-ßƒ

AXoh al-Ø-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. BbXv hne-bn-cp-Øp-

hm\pw ]iw-kn-°p-hm\pw hm°p-Iƒ A]-cym-]vX-

am-Wv. A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb ]tbm-K-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p

At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ hmZ-\-ssien

B[m-c-am°n ]ecpw Xmgv∂ Ime-Øn¬ Ah-\-

hs‚ ]cn-[n-bn-ep≈ ]tbmKw ImgvN-sh-bv°p-∂p-

ap-≠v. CØcw at\m-[¿Ω]tbm-K-ßƒ°v XpS¿®-

bmbn FÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥ Bcw- n-°p-∂p. \ne-

bn¬ HscÆ-amWv km[m-c-W-bmbn sIm´m-dp-≈-

Xv. cq]-]-cn-Wmaw hcp-Ønb Xmf-Øns‚ LS-

\bv°v A\p-tbm-Py-ambn ani-\S B[m-c-am°n

FÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-tºmƒ, aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn¬ n∂-

kwJy (fraction) hcp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]tXyIw Nn´-

s∏-Sp-Ønb coXn-bn-emWv G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xv. CXv

AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ Hcp khn-ti-jX IqSn-bm-Wv. \ne-

bnse FÆw Ign-™m¬ ani-\-S-bn¬ Xs∂ CS-

Xp -ssI-sIm -≠p≈ \mep ÿm\-ßƒ°v

]m[m\yw \¬Inb Ah-X-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn \men-

c-ń-bn-te°v IS-°p-hm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hmtcm

Xmf-h´w hoXw hcp∂ \mep-Xcw kwK-Xn-Iƒ Nn -

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ch \mepw X\n®pw H∂n®p

tN¿Øpw ]tbm-Kn®v \men-c-ń-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv, \ne-hn¬ A\p-h¿Øn®ph-cp∂ coXn. \men-

c-ńbv°v c≠p X°n-´bpw c≠p Xcn-In-Sbpw

(6+8=14) Dƒs∏-Sp∂ 14 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp-∂p. C]-

Imcw 4 XhW Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-

tºmƒ 14 X 4 = 56 sIm´p-I-fm-bn. AXm-bXv ASn-

ÿm\ Xmf-kw-Jybmb 14-˛s‚ 4 Cc-ń. ]Xn-Im-e-

Øn-te-Xp-t]mse AS-¥-Iq-dnepw \men-c-ń-bpsS

Ccń ]tbm-Kn°mdp≠v. 28 A£-c-ß-f-S-ßp∂ 4

Bh¿Øn (28 X 4 = 112)bmWv ]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-

Xv. hfsc hnc-f-ambn amXta Cßs\ ]tbm-Kn-

°m-dp-≈q. Cu L´-am-hp-tºm-tg°pap≈ Xmf-˛-Im-

e-Øns‚ ZpX-K-Xn, ]tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ kv]pS-

Xbv°pw XZzmcm Bkzm-Zy-Xbv°pw aß-te-ev]n-

°p-sa-∂-Xn -\m¬ hnap -JX ImWn-°m-dp -≠v.

XnI™ Ime-]-am-W-tØmsS Xmfw ]nSn-°m-hp-

∂-hsc HØpIn-ń-bm¬ Cu ]tbmKw hfsc

Bkzm-Zy-I-c-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. \men-c-ń, \ne-bm°n

cs≠-Æ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n Iem-in®v CS-Im-e-Øn-

te°v ]th-in-°p-∂-XmWv AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ kmam-

\y-L-S-\.

sNº-S-Xmfw ]©mcn (Xn-i) \S-bn-emWv

]©m-cn-Iq-dv. F∂m¬ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn¬ hmZ\w 7˛s‚

KpWn-X-ß-fmbn hcp∂ coXn-bn-emWv ]tbm-

Kn®phcp-∂-Xv. BbXv 6˛s‚ KpWn-X-ß-fm-bm-

Wt√m htc-≠-Xv. Cu AimkvXobX-sb-bmWv

io. ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ tNmZyw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xpw

]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ Aÿn-XzsØ Xs∂ \ntj-[n-

®n-cp-∂-Xpw. Xs∂-bp-a-√, \ne-hn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iqdv

amX-ambn ]tbm-Kn®v c≠mw-L´w Ah-km-\n-∏n-

53


°p∂ Iogvhg-°-hp-an-√. \ne-hn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iq-

dn\v XpS¿®-bmbn sNº-Iqdv (A-]q¿∆w kµ¿`-

ß-fn¬ AS-¥-Iq-dv) IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n® tijta

aq∂mw-L-´-amb CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°m-dp-

≈q. Bb-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw hy‡-am-Wv. a‰v Iqdp-

I-fn-te-Xp-t]mse "Iqdv' F∂ L´-Øn\v A\n-hm-

cy-amb LS-I-ßƒ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn-en-√. hmZ-\-I-ahpw

imkvXo-b-Xbv°v hncp-≤-am-Wv. ]©mcn (Xni)

KXn-bn¬ th≠ hmZ\w \ne-bpsS L -Øn¬ ani-

K-Xn-bn¬ \S-Øp-∂p. \men-c-ń-bn¬ 6 A£cw

hoXw 8 Xh-Wtbm 12 A£cw hoXw 4 Xh-Wtbm

imkvX-bp‡ym

]tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-

SØv Hcp X°n-

´bpw Hcp Xcn-In-

Sbpw BIp∂ (3

+ 4) Gg-£cw 8

XhW ]tbm-Kn-

°p-tºmƒ 7 X 8 =56 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp-

∂p. a±-f-I-em-Im-c-

∑m¿ ]©m-cn-Iqdv

sIm´p-tºmƒ C]-

Imcw Aim-kvXo-

b-am-b-√, ]tbm-Kn-

°p -∂-X v . \ne -

bnepw \men-c-ń-bnepw 6˛s‚ KpWn-X-ß-fmbn

Xs∂-bmWv ]tbm-K-co-Xn. Bb-Xn-\m-emWv io.

]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ sN≠-°m¿°v "]©m-cn-Iqdv'

F∂v H∂ns√∂pw \ne-hn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iqdv

At±lw ]tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-cp-∂-Xpw. Cu teJ-

I\v Ffnb A`n-]m-b-`n-∂-X-bp-≠v. \ne-hn-ep≈

]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ ]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Aim-kvXo-b-

X-bp≠v F∂-Xn-t\mSv tbmPn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw

sN≠-bn¬ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn√ F∂v hmZn-°p-∂Xv

"Xni' (]-©m-cn) \S Fs∂m-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bp-

∂-Xn-t\mSv Xpey-am-hnt√? BbXv kzoIm-cy-a-

√t√m?

]©m-cn-Iq-dn\v ]pXnb ]cn-t]£y

ta¬ kqNn-∏n® Aim-kvXo-bX ]cn-l-cn-

°m\pw ]©m-cn-Iq-dn\v imkvX-bp-‡-amb X\-

Xmb AkvXnXzw \evIm-\p-ap≈ Hcp iaw Cu

Ffnb teJ-I≥ 2005 \hw-_¿ 6˛\v \S-Øn. Xmb-

ºItemIsØ BNm-cy-ÿm-\o-b\pw ihy-kp-µ-

c-ambn ]©m-cn-Iqdv Ah-X-cn-∏n®v it≤-b\pw IqSn-

bmb Xmb-ºIIpe-]Xn io. Ben-∏-dºv inh-cm-

a-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, kp]-kn≤ Xmb-ºIhnZ-Kv[≥ io.

I√q¿ cma≥Ipńamcm¿, taf-hn-Z-Kv[≥ io. s]cp-

h\w Ip´≥amcm¿, XnanehnZzm≥ io. tIfØv Ip -

∏-am-cm¿, hmZy-hn-N-£-W-∑m-cmb io. ]≈-tØcn

\ºym-Ø≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, io. sI.-]n.-kn. `´-Xn-cn-

∏mS v XpSßn

[mcmfw ]kn-≤-

cmb Iem -Im -c -

∑mcpw Item-]m-

k-Icpw AS-

ßp∂ hnZz-Xvk-Z-

ns\ km£n-

bm°n PK-Zo-iz-cn-

bmb tlamw-_n-I-

bpsS Xncp-k-∂n-

[n-bn¬ ]©m-cn-

Iq-dn\v imkvX-bp-

‡-amb Hcp hmZ-

\-coXn Bhn-jv°-

cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®p. kZ- n¬ ]©-hmZyhnZzm≥amcmb io. Iem-

a-WvUew ]c-ta-iz-c-am-cm¿, ]d-bv°mSv X¶-∏am-cm¿,

tImßmSv hnP-b≥, Icn-b-∂q¿ \mcm-b-W≥\ºq-

Xncn XpSßn [mcmfw ]K-¤-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xmb-

º-Isb kw_-‘n®v ]q¿∆-kq-cn-Iƒ \n›-bn®

Xmf-L-S-\-bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ \Ωƒ°[n-Im-

c-an-√. BbXv sNbvXm¬ "Xmb-ºI' A√m-Xm-bn-

Xo-cpw. ]©m-cn-°q-dns‚ hmZ-\-k-º-Zm-b-Øn-emWv

A]m-I-X. hmZ\w Xni (]-©m-cn) \S-bn¬

Xs∂ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv ]pXnb

hmZ\ ssien. ]©mcnIqdns‚ \ne-bn¬ Xmf-

Øns‚ Hmtcm amX-bnepw aq∂p sIm´p-Iƒ hoXw

Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 8 X 3 = 24 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp∂

hn[-Øn-emWv kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]Xn-Im-e-Øn-s‚bpw a‰v c≠v Iqdp-I-fp-tS-bpw LS-


54

\-bv°-\p-tbm-Py-ambn 6 X 4 = 24 A£-c-ßƒ

hcp-∂p.

]Xn-Imew ˛ NXp-c-i-\S ˛ 8 X 4 = 32 A£cw

sNº-Iqdv ˛ JWvU-\S ˛ 5 X 4 = 20 A£cw

(Hmtcm eLp-hnepw 5 hoXw 5 X 8 = 40 A£-cw)

AS-¥-Iqdv ˛ ani-\S ˛ 7 X 4 = 28 A£cw

\men-c- n-bn¬:

]Xn-Imew 4 X°n´ 1 Xcn-InS BsI 16 A£cw

sNº-Iq-dv 2 X°n´ 1 Xcn-InS BsI 10 A£cw

AS-¥-Iqdv 2 X°n´ 2 Xcn-InS BsI 14 A£cw

Cu Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ \ne-bn¬ htc-

≠p∂ sIm´p-I-fpsS FÆw 6X4=24 Dw \men-c-ń-

bn¬ 6X2X4 = 48 Dw BIp-∂p.

\ho-I-cn® hmZ-\-Iaw

\ne-bn¬:

UvVnI\ In\-\, UvVnI\ In\-\, UvVnI\ In\-

\, UvVnI\ In\\

\men-c- n-bn¬

\\-X-cn-In-S-In-\-In-S-Xn-I, \\-X-cn-In-S-In-\-In-S-Xn-I,

\\-X-cn-In-S-In-\-In-S-Xn-I, \\-X-cn-InSIn\-In-S-XnI

\ne-hn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn¬ ]tbm-

Kn®phcm-dp≈ at\m-[¿Ω-ßƒ°v kam-\-am-bh

Xni-\-S-bn¬Xs∂ ]tbm-Kn-°p∂p. ImenSw (Xm-

f-h-´-Øns‚ 1/4 `mKw) hoXw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ aq∂v

FÆ-ßƒ Xni-\-S-bn-te°v KXn-t`Zw sNbvXv

]tbm-Kn®pw \men-c-ń-bn¬ a‰v c≠v Iqdp-I-fnepw

]tbm-Kn-°p∂ aq∂v FÆ-ßƒ Xni-\-S-bn¬ Nn -

s∏-SpØn ]tbm-Kn®pw 48 X 2 = 96 sIm´p-Iƒ Hcp

Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ hc-Ø-°-hn[w \men-c-ń-bpsS Cc-

ń-Imew ]tbm-Kn®pw ]©m-cn-Iq-dn\v X\-Xmb ]cn-

]q¿Æ AkvXnXzw ÿm]n®v ]q¿Æmw-K-ß-tfmsS

Iem-in®v CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-XmWv Iaw.

]Xn-Im-e-Øn\pw Iqdn\pw XpS¿®-bmbn

aq∂mw L -amb CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. GI-

Xm-f-amWv ]nSn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw sNº-S-Xm-f-Øn\v

¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv hmZ-\w. CS-Im-e-Øn¬ hyh-

ÿm-]n-X-amb FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n \memw L -

amb t\¿tIm¬-˛-C-cp-In-S-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm FÆw Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmgpw Iam-\p-K-X-

ambn Xmf-Øn-t‚bpw hmZ-\-Øn-t‚bpw thKX

h¿≤n-∏n®v kv]jvS-amb ih-Wm-fl-IX \jvS-s∏-

SmØ Ime-Øn¬ thWw Iem-in-°m≥. CS-Im-e-

Øn¬ \n∂pw ASpØ L -Øn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ

k¿∆-eLp \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-km\ L -Øn\v t\¿tIm¬ F∂pw

Ccp-InS F∂pw c≠v D]-L-´-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Cu

Ime-Ønepw GI-Xm-f-amWv ]nSn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw

sNº-S-Xm-f-h-´-Øn\v \nP-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv hmZ-\w.

Xmf-Øn\v CS-™mWv hmZ\w F∂Xv it≤-b-

am-Wv. c≠v ]tXyI coXn-I-fn¬ Xmf-Øn\v CS™v

\nebpw AXn¬ \n›nX FÆ-ßfpw sImń

Hmtcm L´-Øn-t‚bpw am‰-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Xmf-

Øns‚ thKX Cc- n-∏n®v (Iq- n-s∏-cp-°¬) AXn¬

CS™v sImń-b-tijw t\¿tIm¬ \ne-bn¬

\n∂pw Ccp-InS (ssI-°pg adn -®p -sIm-´p∂

"ASvXf') bnte°v IS-°p-∂p. Ccp-In-S-bn¬ hyh-

ÿm-]n-X-amb coXn-bn¬ 4 FÆ-ßƒ sImń, CS-

Xp-ssI-sIm≠v amX-am-bp≈ "hI' sIm´p∂tXmSp-

IqSn hmZ-\-Øn\v L\-Kmw-òcyw h¿≤n-∏n®v ih-

Wm-fl-IX \jvS-s∏-SmØ Ime-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-

∂-XmWv kmam-\y-amb LS-\.

tkm]m\ Xmf-hmZy kº-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn®v

Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS ]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Hcp ]tXy-

I-X-bp-≠v. a‰v kwKoX ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-

∂-ambn Xmf-Øn-t‚bpw XmfsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-

°n-bp≈ hmZ-\-Øn-t‚bpw thKX kam-¥-c-ambn

h¿≤n-®v Hcp kvXq]n-I-bpsS amXrI (i-hy-tKm-

]p-cw) ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv ImWmw. CsXmcp tIc-

fob X\n-a-bm-Wv. as‰m-∂v, Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xp-

sIm≠v Ime-KW\ amX-a√ e£y-am-°p-∂Xv;

Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂ i_vZw-IqSn hmZ-\-Øns‚ AwK-

am-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn-t‚-bpw

hmZ-\-Øn-t‚bpw i_vZ-ß-fpsS ipXn-kmayw Iem-

cq-]-Øns‚ anI-hn\v am‰p-Iq- p-∂p. CXpw tIc-fo-b-

X°v amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-

fn-sem-∂m-Wv.

Xmb-ºI Iem-in-®m¬ ]qPm-k-a¿∏W kam-

55


It√-Ip-f-ßc ANyp-X≥Ipń amcm¿ :˛ Xmb-º-I-bn¬ thdn´ hgn-IƒsIm≠v it≤-b-\mb

Iem-Im-c≥. 1960 sabv 1˛\v ]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse It√-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ P\n®p. A—≥˛It√-Ip-f-ßc

Ing-t°-am-cmØv tKmhn-µ-am-cm¿. AΩ˛ Xr»q¿ t]cmawKew Cu®-cØv amcmØv e£van-°pń amcm-kym¿.

Bdmw hb- n¬ A—≥ "KW-]-Xnss°' sImń-®p. A—s‚ Iogn¬ Xmb-ºI ]Tn®v HºXmw hb n¬

tlamw-_nIm t£X-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ac-tß‰w \S-Øn. XpS¿∂v, am¶p-dp»n A∏-am-cm¿ F∂ \oe-I-WvT-

am-cm-cpsS Iogn¬ Xmb-º-Ibpw hnhn[ taf-ßfpw hnkvX-cn®p ]Tn-®p. 11-˛mw hb p apX¬ hmZy-cw-

KØv kPo-hw. NnX-en-cm-a-am-cm¿, ]√-»\ ]fl-\m-`-am-cm¿, ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿, XrØme tIi-h-s]m-

Xp-hmƒ, ]√m-hq¿ Ip™p-°p-´-am-cm¿ F∂o AXn-Im-b¿s°m∏w \t∂ sNdp-∏-Ønte Cc-´-Xm-b-ºI sImń-bn-´p-≠v.

C∂sØ ]apJ Xmb-º-I-°m¿s°m-∏hpw Cc-´-Xm-b-ºI sImń-h-cp-∂p. Xmb-ºI ][m-\-amb BtLmj ÿe-ß-fn-

se√mw sIm´m≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. It√-°p-f-ßc tlamw-_nIm t£X-Øn¬ ]mc-ºcy ]qP-sIm´v ASn-b-¥nc ]hrØn \S-

Øn-h-cp-∂p. 1990 apX¬ AI-tØ-Ød _m©v t]mÃvam-Ã¿, 1990-˛¬ It√-Ip-f-ßc tlamw-_nIm t£X-Øn¬ sh®v,

]me-°m- p-t»cn tiJ-cn-h¿Ω hen-b-cmPm "]mWn-hm-Zy-I-emWn' F∂ ]´w \¬In BZ-cn-®p. 2005- ¬ apwss_ "tIfn' kmwkv°m-

cnI kwL-S\ "Io¿ØniwJv ' kΩm-\n-®p.

\-ambn A\p-h¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ Hcp NS-ßmWv 1 1/

2 sNº-S-Xm-f-h´ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ "Xocv' sIm´¬.

KW-]Xn ]Xo-I-am-bp≈ k‘y-the hnf°v Cu

NS-ßn\pti-jta am‰m-hq. CtXmsS Cu hnin-jvS-

I-em-cq]w Cuiz-cm¿∏n-X-am-Ip-∂p.

Cu Ffnb A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Xmb-º-I°v

apt∂m-Sn-bm-bp≈ Hcp k‘y-th-e-sIm- ¬ amXta

Bhp-∂p-≈q. imkvXo-b-amb A`ym-k-Øn-eq-

tSbpw Aim¥ ]cn-i-a-Øn-eq-sSbpw amXta

]tbm‡mhmIm≥ km≤y-am-Iq. KŸ-]m-cm-b-W-

Øn-eqsS \o¥¬°m-c-\m-hm≥ km≤y-a-√-t√m.

A`n-]mb`n∂-X-I-fp-≠m-Imw. bp‡n-k-l-am-

bh kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ kZm PmK-cq-I-\m-Wv. hnZ-

Kvt≤m-]-tZ-i-ßfpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb hna¿i-\-

ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ _≤-i-≤-\mbn hn\-b-]p-c-

cw klr-Z-b-cpsS ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

EvãtöxckjbfäTx ofbmX GòªTx Zjg cCfTx aìùlvëãfwbòªx Evãtöx

GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. Evkägsë FóØbfYb~äeã aòeJx, svÖx,

MqTj, hBX, kjfêx FbãeCx vwkgÿlx. Evãtöfw hRgaòjez

EùiufTgÿbq DÖh¥ambemcflfãgceãf yÀsh¥aëçleCx.

MvfãeBxòªaleJgcgú vfJcen, bfäTgbãxh¥x Sÿfbvëègbez Y©pv~ägsë

mueãmukjC~W ùhlrìfòªgskeúgÿg.


56

taf-I-e-bnse ssieo-t -Z-ßƒ tUm: F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

tIc-f-Øns‚ \nkvXpe i_vZ-I-e-bmWv

tafw. ImgvNbv°pw tIƒhn°pw Aº-c-∏p-≠m-

°p∂ Ie. ka-b-kw-hn-[m-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ]pe-cp∂

AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb kwL-I-e-bm-W-Xv. \qtdmfw

t]¿h-cp∂ ]pcp-jmcw sIm´p-I-e-bn¬ ]¶mfnI-

fm-hp-∂p. auen-I-]q-c-ßƒ°v taf-amWv ][m-\-amb

hmZ-\-I-e. taf-Øn-\mbn ImXp-sIm-Sp-°p∂

Bƒ°q´w D’-h-°m-gvN-bp-am-Ip-∂p.

sN≠-ta-f-Øn\v aln-X-amb ]mc-º-cyw- D-≠v.

taf-N-cn - X-Øn¬ alm-∑m-cmbh¿ Pohn -®p

AhcpsS hmZ-\-ssh-` -h -Øn-eqsS hf¿∂p

hnImkw ]m]n-®-XmWv C∂sØ tafw. Ah¿

cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssiensb Imem-\p-kr-X-am°p∂p

]pXnb sIm´p-Im¿. Ime-]-hm-l-Øn¬ \ne-bv°m-

sX-t]m-Ip∂p \ΩpsS i_-ZvI-e-Iƒ. BVy-Xzw-

sIm≠v taf-Ie AXns‚ sshinjvSyw ImØp-

t]m-cp-∂p-≠v. taf-]-am-Wn°v BZ-cw-\¬Ip∂ Ah-

ÿ-bn-em-bn´p≠v klr-Zb kaq-lw. C∂-bm-fpsS

tafw F∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-ap≠v. Bkzm-Z-\-

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pe-cp∂

taf-ssi-en-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp hnNm-c-amWv Cu

teJ\w e£yw-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.

Xriq-cmWv taf- qan F∂mWv hnizm-kw. taf-

°m-cpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ Xriq¿°m-cmb taf-°m-

cmWv A[n-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I. tIc-f-

Ønse hyXy-kvX-`m-K-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ ssien-I-

fn-emWv tafw ]pe-cp-∂-Xv. apºpw Aßn-s\-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. Ipa-c-]p-cØv A∏p-am-cm-cpsS ssien-

bmbncp∂n√ ]q°m-Sncn cma-s∏m-Xp-hm-fp-tS-Xv.

N°w-Ipfw A∏p-am-cm-cpsS kº-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-∂n√

sIm≠w-h≈n Ip™n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cp-tS-Xv. Ben-

∏-dºv inh-cm-a-s∏m-Xp-hm-fpsS hgn-bmbncp∂n√

]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm-cp-tS-Xv. Xrt∏-°pfw ANyp-X-

am-cm-cpsSbpw ]√-»\ s]m∂p-Ip-´-am-cm-cp-tSbpw

am¿§w H∂mtWm? Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ

A°mew Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h¿ Xß-fpsS emh-Wy-Z¿i-

\-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v tafsØ Ia-s∏-SpØn F∂p-Im-

Wmw. Xmb-º-I-bn¬ ]K¬ -cmb ]ecpw \√ taf-

°m¿°q-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-th-K-∏pd cma-s∏m-Xp-

hmƒ, XrØm-e- Ip-™n-Ir-jvW-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ,

NnXen cma-am-cm¿, ]√-»\ ]fl-\m-`-am-cm¿, ]√m-

hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿, Ben-∏-dºv inh-cm-a-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ,

]q°m-Sncn Znhm-I-c-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ F∂n-h¿ \√ taf-

\n-b-¥n-Xm-°ƒ°q-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tafw ][m-\-

ambn FSp-Ø-h¿ Xmb-ºI cwKØv ]k-‡-cm-b-

Xmbn ImWp∂p-an-√.

hSt° ae-_m¿, tImgn-t°m-Sv, Gd-\m-Sv,

h≈p-h-\m-Sv, ]me-°m-Sv, Xriq¿, Xriq-cn-\‰w Cß-

s\b `qan-im-kvX-]-c-ambn tafw-sIm-´-enepw

tIƒhn-bnepw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ D≠v. IS-∂-∏≈n

i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cmcpsS tafw hSt° ae-_m-dnse

sIm´p-]-Im-c-Øns‚ i_vZ-km-£y-am-Wv. P∑w-

sIm≠v hSt° ae-_m-dp-Im-c-s\-¶nepw, sImń¬

h≈p-h-\m-S≥ apZ kzoI-cn® a´-∂q¿ i¶c≥Ip-ń-

bpsS coXn -C-X√ F∂pw it≤-b-am-Wv. Iem-Im-

c≥ Pohn-°p∂ kmwkv°m-cnI ]cn-k-c-amWv Abm-

fnse Iesb \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xpw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-

∂Xpw F∂p ]d-bmw. AXmXptZi-ß-fpsS t_m[-

]q¿∆-amb kzm[o\w Abm-fn¬ D≠m-Ipw. tImgn-

t°m-S≥ `mK-ß-fnse t]meqcv cma-N-µ-am-cm-cpsS

taf-Øn\v `mKn-I-am-sb-¶nepw ImWp∂ hyXym-k-

Øn\v ASn-ÿm\ in£-W-°-f-cn-bmb t]mcq¿

57


If-cn-tbm-SmWv IS-∏m-Sv. ae-a-°mhv kº-Zm-b-Øn-

emWv t]mcq¿ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Xmb-ºI ]Tn-®n-´p-

≈-Xv. Ah-cpsS taf-Øn¬ Cu ssien kz`m-hn-I-

am-Wv. Gd-\m-S≥ ssien-bn¬ sImń-t∏m∂ Icn-

°mSv A∏p-am-cm-cpsS injy≥ at©cn lcn-Zm-kn¬

ImWp-∂Xv B sIm´p-h-gn-b-√. AXn\v Ben-∏-dºv

_mWn-tbm-SmWv kmZr-iyw. Xr]-tßmSv ]c-ta-

iz-c-am-cm-cpsS tafw IrXy-\n-jvT-X-bn¬ Du∂p-∂p.

h≈p-h-\m-S≥ tafssien-bpsS Ipeo-\-amb _e-

-Z-X-bmWv F¨]Xpw IS∂ Icn-ºp-g -tKm-]n-s∏m-

Xp-hm-fpsS sImńs‚ ImX¬. AXn\v ]mc-º-cy-i-

‡n-bp-≠v. kn≤n-bp-≠v. kmt¶-Xn-I-am-W-Xv. ]pXp-

°-ß-fn¬ àn-°p-∂n√ ]√-»-\- s]m-∂p-°p- -am-cm¿.

]me-°m-S≥ ańs‚ kz`m-h-a-ln-a-bp-≠-Xn¬. It√-

°p-f-ßc ANyp-X≥Ip-ń-am-cm-cn-ep-atX ]me-°mSv

kº-Zm-b-Øns‚ kpj-a-I-fmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. taf-

Øns‚ ]mT-Øn¬ ⁄m\n-bmWv It√-°p-f-ß-c.

a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń anI® Xmb-º-I-°m-scbpw

IY-I-fn-s°m- p-Im-scbpw Dƒs∏-SpØn ]pXn-sbmcp

taf kwkv°mcw cq]-s∏-SpØn FSp-Øp. H∂mw

\nc Xmb-º-I-°mscs°m≠v kº-∂-amb tafw-

Iq-Sn-bmbn AXv amdn. Xmb-º-I-bnse kuµ-cy-

t_m[w taf-Ønepw ImØp-t]m-cm≥ km[n-°p-∂-

Xp-sIm-≠mWv i¶¿Ip- n-am-cm-cpsS tafw ipXn-kp-

-K-am-hp-∂-Xv. AXn-s\mcp Imev]-\n-I-X-bp-≠v. taf-

Øns‚ ¢mkn-°¬ Nn´- s]cp-h-\w-Ip-´s\ tafm-

kzm-Z-I¿°v ]nbw-I-c-\m-°p-∂p. ]ap-J-ta-f-ßƒ

]am-Wn®v taf-_nw_-ambnamdm-≥ s]cp-h-\-Øn-\p-

km-[n-®p. s]cp-h\w kXois‚ tafw ss]Xr-I-

Øns‚ ]k-‡n- hn-fn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. sNdp-t»-cn-

°p-´\pw, ]gp-h¬ cLphpw Xriq¿ taf-kw-kvIr-

Xn-bpsS D]m-k-I-cm-Wv. Ing-°q v A\n-b≥am-cm-cpsS

taf-Øn\v Bkzm-Z-I¿ Gdn-bn- p-≠v. Nn -bpsS kuµ-

cy-amWv Ing-°q-Sns‚ taf-Po-h≥, tNcm-\-√q¿ i¶-

c≥Ipń-am-cm-cpsS tafhpw imkvXo-b-am-Wv. Im®mw-

Ip-dn®n IÆ≥am-cm-cpsS AIm-e-hn-tbmKw ]pXnb

taf \ncbv°v \jvS-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ømw. Xncp-h√

cm[m-Ir-jvW\pw taf-]-am-Wn-bmbn t]sc-SpØp

Ign-™p.

D’-h-Im-eØv taf-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn ]pe-

cpw. ]t£ BcpsS tafw? ]am-Wn-bpsS ssien

]n¥p-S -cm≥ kwLmw-K-ßƒ°v Ign -bptam?

]amWn \n›-bn-°p∂ hew-X-e, Xmfw, sImºv,

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, Dcp- p-sN-≠-°m¿. CXp-km-[y-am-hptam?

At∏mƒ Hmtcm taf-Ønepw hn`n-∂-amb emh-Wy-

t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmWv Hcpanbv°p-∂-Xv. Xmfw, ho°≥

sN≠, Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, sImºv F∂o taJ-e-I-fnepw

]am-Wn-am-cp-≠v. Ah¿ taf-]-am-Wn-am-cmbn AwKo-

I-cn-bv°-s∏-Sp∂pw C√. ssieo-t`-Z-ß-fpsS kΩn-

i-X-bmWv taf Ie-bpsS kuµcyw F∂phcp-∂p.

F¶nepw sN≠-ta-f-Øn¬, sN≠-bn¬ GIo-

Ir -X -amb Hcp taf -ssien ImWp -∂n -√.

"tZio'bamb hyXym-k-ßƒ AXn¬ ImWp∂pw

D≠v. tImgn-t°m v c≠p-]-¥n-ta-f-sams° ImWmw.

s]cp-h\w \S-h-gn-bnse taf-Øn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw

hyXy-ÿw. Nne -tafÿe-ß-fn¬ Nne¿ ÿnc-am-

bn-sIm-´p-∂p. as‰mcp kwL-Øn\v AhnsS Ac-

ßn-√. CXv ÿe-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne ]£-

]m-X-ß-fmbn ImWmw. taf-Øn\v hn[n-bv°-s∏´

Nne ÿe-ßƒ, Aß-s\-sbm-∂n-√. taf-Ønse

ka-b-kw-hn-[m\\nb-¥-Whpw ]mam-Wn-I-Xbpw

t\Xr-Kp-Whpw Iem-fl-I-X-bp-amWv Hcmsf ]am-

Wn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. GIo-Ir-X-amb Hcp taf-ssien

ChnsS Bh-iy-amtWm? AtXm ssieo-t`-Z-ß-

fmtWm taf-I-e-bpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v KpWamhpI?

Cu t`Z-ßƒ kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. hS-t°-

a-e-_m¿ apX-ep≈ t\Xr-ÿm-\n-Isf Hcpan-∏n®v

Hcp tafw hn`m-h\w sNbvXmtem? hn`n∂ ssien-

I-fpsS GIo-I-cWw km[y-amtWm? AXns‚

sIm´\p-`-hhpw tIƒhn A\p-`-hhpw F]-Im-c-am-

bn-cn°pw? AXv hnP-bn-°ptam? kpµ-c-ambn

]cm-P-b-∏-Sptam? taf-I-e-bpsS \thm-∞m\N¿®-

I-fn¬ ssieo-t`-Z-]-T\w hnj-b-am-t°-≠n-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

tUm. F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ :˛ tIcfØnse ¢m n°¬ Iemcq]ßfpambn _‘s∏´

]T\ßƒ°v cq]w \¬Inb hy‡n. sslkv°qƒ A[ym]I≥. hmZy-ta-f-ßsfkw_-‘n-®p≈ \nc-

h[n ]_-‘-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.


58

taf- I-em-]-T-\hpw taf-ßfpw ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿

Hcp Ipń hmZy-I-em-cw-KØv XpS°w Ipdn-

°p-∂Xv hnZym-cw`Znh-k-amb hnP-b-Z-ian, As√-

¶n¬ F√m amk-Øn-tebpw shfpØ]£-Ønse

ZznXob BWv. Aº-e-Ønse ASn -b -¥nc

]h¿Øn-Iƒ Bb iwJp-hn-fn, ]qP-sIm´v apX-

em-bh A`y-kn-®p-sIm-≠v CSbv° ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v

ssIsbØbn¬ D≈w ssIøn¬ sIm≈p∂Xcw

sNdnb ac-I-jvWw.

InS XIntXw IptØw

InS XIntXw IptØw

InS XIntXw IptØw IptØw

Imew sImń Dd®pIgn-™m¬, Xcn-InS CXp-

t]mse sImń-°mw. ]ns∂ a‰p≈ ]mS-ss°-Iƒ

sIm´p-hm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Ipw. Xcn-In-Sbpw 4 Imew Dd-

®m¬, 2 ssII-fnepw ]pfn-apń FSpØv km[Iw

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. ImcWw ]©mcn Hgn®v a‰p≈

taf-ßƒ 2 ssII-fnepw tImev FSpØv

sIm´p∂hbm-Wv. Cu 3 ]mS-ssI-Ifpw 4˛Hm 5˛Hm

Ccń h∂m¬ Xmb-º-I-bpsS FÆ-ßƒ XpSßpw.

IqsS sNºS (16, 8) F∂o A£-c-Imew 2 Ime-

ßƒ sImń-°pw. ]ns∂ tIfnbpw Ign-™m¬

Hcphn[w ASn-ÿm\]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Ipw. ]n∂oSv

AXv ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-t°≠ ISa Ah-

\-h-\n¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv. BZy-Im-

e-ß-fn¬ taf-ßƒ sImń-]-Tn-∏n-°p-

I-bn√. ImcWw Xmb-º-I-bpsS

FÆ-ßƒ sImń-]-Tn-®m¬, taf-ßƒ

tI´pw IqsS sImńbpw ]Tn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu hI ASn-

ÿm\ Imcy-ßƒ Aº-e-ß-fnse

ASn-b-¥n-cmZn Imcy-ßƒ°v t]mIp-

hm≥ th≠n-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

taf-ßƒ ]Tn®v Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v t]mIp-∂-Xn-\pw-

th≠n taf-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ,

BZyw ]©m-cn -bnse 3˛m-asØ

Imew apX¬ (8,4,4,8) ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-

XmWv ]Tn-°m≥ IqSp-X¬ Ffp∏w. AXp-I-gn™v

c≠m-asØ Imehpw, ]Xn-Im-ehpw Ah¿°v kzbw-

IqsSsImń- ]-Tn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ ]Tn-∏n-

°p-hm≥th≠n Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse A¥n-°mSv hS-

t°-°c Hcp sNdnb ÿm]\w 13 h¿jw ap≥]v

XpS-ßn. Ct∏mƒ AXn¬ \n∂pw 125\pta¬ Ipń-

Iƒ ]Tn®v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn- p-≠v. Cu Iem-t£Xw

XpS-ßn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse hnhn[

]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ahn- -Øq¿ Iem-tIµw, s]cp-h\w

A∏p-am-cm¿ Iem-t£-Xw, ]md-ta-°mhv Iem-

F∂v KW-]-Xnss° sImń-bmWv XpS°w Ipdn-

°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ XInS Xcn-InS F∂nh km[Iw

sNøp-∂-tXmSpIqSn Icn-¶-√n¬ ]pfn-ap-ń-s°m≠v

KW-]XnssI ( [nXmw \I XcIw SSI SSI

\\Iw \I-\-\Iw SS \\I SvSv SSI SSI \\-Iw)

sIm´Ww. heXv ssIøn¬ ]pfn-ap-ńbpw, CS-Xp-

ssI-øpsS ]Øn-bpsS ]Ip-Xnbpw BWv sImt´-

≠-Xv. Ip¥n-®n-cp∂v 2 ssIøpw Db¿Øn sImń-∏-

Tn-°-Ww. (C-t∏mƒ F√m-hcpw Naw]Sn™ncp∂v

BWv sImń ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv) BZyw XIn´ 1 2 3

59


t£Xw, Ip∂w-Ipfw I°mSv Iem-t£-Xw, Io∂qcv

Iem-t£Xw F∂o ]T\ kt¶-X-ßƒ XpS-ßn-

bn-´p-≠v. ]©m-cn, ]m≠n F∂o taf-ßƒ°v ]pd-

sa, sNº-S, Nº, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, [phw F∂o

taf -ßƒ \S -∏p -≠v . taf -ßƒ Xmfw -]n -S n -

°p∂hn[hpw Imehpw A£-c-Im-e-hpw Xmsg hnh-

cn-°p-∂p.

tafw Imew A£-c-Imew

1. sNºS 4 64

(1) 8 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 16

(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8

(3) 8 8

(4) 6 2

2. [phw 3 56

(1) 8 4 4 8 8 8 16

(2) 4 2 2 4 8 8

(3) 6 8

3. A©-S¥ 4 64

(1) 8 4 4 8 8 4 4 8 16

(2) 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 8

(3) 6 6 2 2

(4) 2 2 2 4

4. AS¥ 4 56

(1) 8 4 8 8 4 8

(2) 4 2 4 4 2 4 8

(3) 5 5 2 2

(4) 3 5

5. Nº 4 80

(1) 8 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 16

(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8 8

(3) 8 4 8

(4) 4 2 3

6. ]©mcn 5 96

(1) 8 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 16

(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8 8 8

(3) 8 4 4 8

(4) 4 2 2 4

(5) 6

taf-ßƒ°v CS-°-emiw FSp-°p-hm≥ 8 A£-c-

Im-ehpw, Imew amdp-hm≥ 16 A£-c-Im-ehpw D≠m-

bn-cn-°pw.

]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿ :˛ bph-X-e-ap-d-bnse taf-I-em-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂p. ]i-

kvX-amb \nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°v ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]amWw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A¥n-°mSv t£X-

hm-Zy-I-em-k-an-Xn-bnse ][m\ Kpcp-\m-Y≥. \nc-h[n injy-k-º-Øp≈ hy‡n.


SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsv jeùlfãfwaìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ipbrjszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIe-ó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ Yibevx keCfTãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõ-èfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùlèfvkèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCf-Tãqh¥fTgbevgú mdkjõX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ Yi-besv kQkgäfqsT oqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTx bqóèf-snejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.


60

Ipdpw Ipg¬ Iogq´v \µ≥

kwKoXw A]n kmlnXyw

kc-kzXym kvX\-Zzbw

GIw B]mZ a[pcw

A\yZmtemN-\m-arXw

kwKoXw FX Bkz-Zn-®mepw aXn-h-cn-

s√∂pw, kmlnXyw FX Btem-Nn-®mepw aXn-h-

cn-s√-∂p-amWv ]WvUnX aXw.

AXn¬ kwKo-Xm-[njvTnX Xmf-hm-Zy-amb

Ipdpw-Ip-g-en-s\-°p-dn®v Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y\pw Ipdpw-

Ip-g¬ hnZzm-\p -amb io

sImºØv Ip´-≥]-Wn-°¿

Ah¿I-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØm-

Spw, Bio¿∆m-Z-tØm-Spw-IqSn

Rm≥ Fs‚ Adn-hp-sh®v

Ipd®v hmN-I-ßƒ ChnsS

Ipdn-°-s´.

kwlm-c-cq-]-\mb `K-

hm≥ ]c-a-in-hs‚ XXv]p-

cpjw F∂ apJ-Øp-\n∂v

BWv hmbp D¤-hn-®-Xv.

hmbp-hn¬ \n∂v Ipg¬ apX-

emb kpjn-c-hm-Zy-ßƒ D¤-

hn®p F∂mWv `c-X-ap\n

\mSy-im-kvX-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-

Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

AXn-]m-No-\-Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ i_vZ-

ß-fp-tSbpw mh-lm-hm-Zn-I-fp-tSbpw klm-b-tØm-

Sp-IqSn Bi-b-]-I-S\w \S-Øm≥ a\p-jy≥ ]Tn®p

Ign-™n-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂-

bp≈ lrZ-bw, izmk-tImiw F∂o Ah-b-h-ß-

fpsS Iaw sX‰msXbp≈ Ne\w Ah\v Xmf-

t_m-[-Øn-\p≈ BZy-]m-T-ßƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp-t]mseXs∂ ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw

Ah-≥ \ntXy\ tIƒ°p∂ i_vZ-ßƒ, AXm-

bXv Im‰ns‚ a¿Ω-c-i-_vZw, ]£n-I-fpsS i_vZw,

tX\o®-I-fpsS i_vZw, sh≈w HgpIp-tºm-gp≈

If-If i_vZw, arK-ß-fpsS hnhn[ i_vZ-ßƒ

Ch-sb√mw Ah-s‚ kwKo-Xm-kzm-Z-\-ti-jn-sb

Ia-ambn hf¿Øn-sIm-≠p-h-∂p. a\pjy akvXn-jvI-

Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS tXmX-\p-k-cn®v a[p-c-kz-c-

ßƒ tI´m-kz-Zn-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw hf¿∂p-h-∂p.

Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-Iƒ kºm-Zn-°m-\p≈ Iq´mb

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°nS-bn¬ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-

hm≥ `mj D¤-hn®p hnI-kn-®-p-. AXp-t]mse

PohnX t¢i-ßƒ kln®v Iq´mb A≤zm-\-Øns‚

^e-am-bn-´mWv a\p-jys‚ kwKo-X-]-c-amb Ign-

hp-Ifpw hf¿∂p hnI-kn-®-Xv. ssZh ]oXn-°p-

th≠n BZna a\p-jy¿ \S-Øn-h∂ ]qPm-I¿Ω-

ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ]mIrX kwKoX

D]-I-cW-ßƒ D¤-hn-®-Xv.

DZm:˛ ]m°-\m¿ sXøw ˛ CXn¬ D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂ hmtZym]-I-c-W-ßƒ sN≠, c≠p-acw

(CWacw) Ipg¬ F∂nhbmWv. Cu Ipg-en\v

A©p kz-c-ÿm-\-ßƒ amX-am-Wp-≈-Xv. CXns‚

61


]g°w C∂p Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂h¿°v Adn-bp-I-bp-

an-√. kma-Km\L´-Øn-emWv CXns‚ D¤hw

F∂p-thWw A\p-am -\n -°m≥. hmbp -hns‚

KXnbpw, ssIhn-c-ep-I-fpsS Ne-\hpw, ]Ir-Xn-bn¬

\n∂p-h∂ kwKo-Xhpw ka-\z-bn-∏n® Hcp hmZy-

hn-ti-j-amWv Ipdpw-Ip-g¬. CuPn]vXv apX-emb

cmPy-ß-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ (Wm-bv) F∂ jl-

Wmbv, apJ-hoW, a[p-I-cn, aucn-ap-J-cn, aIpSn Ch

Ipdpw-Ip-g-ens‚ BZn-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv.

Xm¥nI hn[n-]-Im-c-ap≈ I¿Ω-ßƒ°v

Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-h-bmWv Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ.

Chsb hmZ-\-˛-\n¿ΩmW coXnsb ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n Ah-\-≤w, XXw, L\w, kpjncw F∂n-

ßs\ \membn XcwXncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ tIc-

fob t£X-hm-Zy-ßƒ amXw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ tIc-

f-Øns‚ Xncp-ap¬°mgvN-bmb taf-Øn¬ Ah-\-

≤-L-\-kp-jnc hmZy-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

tafsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw CXnse

kpjnchmZy-amb Ipdpw-Ip-g-en\v apJy-ÿm\w

Xs∂-bp-≠v. Hcp tafw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ kab

ssZ¿Lyhpw Iem-i-ßfpw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv

taf-]-am-Wnbpw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]am-Wnbpw tN¿∂m-

Wv. ]amWn F∂p-]-d-bp-tºmƒ taf-Øn\v 100 t]cp-

s≠-¶n¬ Ah-cpsSsb√mw \mb-IXzw (ap-Jy-ÿm-

\w) taf ]am-Wn-°mWv. AXn-\p-]p-dsa A\p-kmcn

hmZy-ßƒ°pw ][m\ \mb-IXzw \¬In-s°m≠v

Ah¿°pw AhcpsS ISa \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

DZm:˛ hewXe sN≠ (ho-°w) ]am-Wn, Ipdpw-Ip-

g¬ ]am-Wn, Ce-Ømf ]amWn, sImºv ]amWn.

]amWw \n¬°p-∂h-cpsS hgn -I-fn¬°qSn

amXsa a‰p-≈-h¿ k©-cn-°m-dp-≈q. C∂p-I-≠p-

h-cp∂ Nne hnIn-b-Isf Bkzm-Z-I¿ hna¿in-

°mdpw D≠v. ]am-Wn-bpsS C—-bv°-\p-k-cn®v

]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv Iq -Øn-ep-≈-h-cpsS IS-a-bmWv.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv Hcp Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ hnZzm\v ]q¿Æ-

X-bo-is‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®v almcmPm-hns‚

Iøn¬ \n∂v ]´pw hfbpw hmßm≥ km[n-®-Xv.

tafsØ∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn As√-¶nepw

Kpcp Imc-W-h-∑m¿ ]d-™p-X-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\Øn¬ Npcp°n ]d-bmw.

]©m-cn-tafØn\v 96 A£-c-Im-e-amWv

F∂p ]d-bs∏Sp-∂p.

Cu A£-c-Imew IW-°m°n Iem-i-ßfpw

hcp-∂p. aq∂v aWn-°q¿ taf-Øn\v Cu ]Inb

D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[n°pw F∂mWv Fs‚ \nK-

a-\w.

]©m-cn-tafw Ime-an´v \ne-˛-X-°n-´-˛-Ip-g-a-dn-

b¬ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

]Xn-Imew:˛

\ne 4 Iem-ihpw

X°n´ 4 Iem-ihpw

Ipgadn-b¬ 4 Iem-ihpw

c≠m-Imew

Dcpƒ tIm¬ 2 Iem-ihpw

CS-I-em-i-ßƒ 4 Iem-ihpw 12

Ipg-a-dn-b¬ 6 Iem-ihpw

aq∂mw Imew

DcpƒtIm¬ 3 Iem-ihpw

CS-I-emiw 6 Iem-ihpw 18


\memw Imew




A©mw Imew




Fs‚ IW-°p-Iq-´en¬ aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿ ka-

b-I-ao-I-cWw A\p-k-cn®v F√m-t£-X-ß-fnepw

96 Iemiw FSp-Øp ]©m-cn-tafw sIm´p-∂p-≠v.

AXp-t]mse ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Xncv aq∂v

Xmf-h-´-ßƒ IqSp-tºmƒ Hcp FSp-ØSn hcp-∂p

F∂p-]-d-bs∏-Sp-∂p. Cu ASn hcp∂ ka-bØv

amXta Iem-in-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bp≈p F∂mWv hnizm-

kw. Fs‚ IW-°p-Iq- -en¬ taf-Øn\v kpµ-c- mhw

In´m≥ Xocv ssZ¿Lyw aq∂v F∂p-≈Xv 4 B°n


62

5˛¬ FSp-°p-∂p.

]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬ Xncv Iem-i-ßƒ FhnsS

thW-sa-¶nepw FSp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""FhnsS

thW-sa-¶nepw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xn¬ sX‰n-≤-cn-

°-cpXv. F√m-‰n\pw Hcp ASn-ÿm\w Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-´p-≠v. Nne-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ ]m≠n-bpsS Xocv aq∂v

Ign™v \men¬ FSp°Ww; As√-¶n¬

A©ntem Bdntem FSp-°m≥ km[n-°n√ F∂p-

thWw Icp-Xm≥. Nne-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ taf-]-amWn

Ipg¬ ]am-Wn-tbmSv ]dbpw: ""Rm≥ \nh¿∂m¬

amXw \nßƒ \nh¿∂m¬ aXn'' F∂v. ]te-SØpw

dmbn. 13 Dcp´v sN≠, _m°n A\p-kmcn hmZy-

ßƒ, F√mw D≠v. sNºS XpSßn. Dcp´p sN≠-

bpsS apºn¬ Hcp hcn ho°w sN≠! CXp-I-≠-

t∏mƒ Hcp AXn-ibw (Im-Wm-ØXv ImWp-tºmƒ

F∂p ]d-bp∂Xmhpw icn) Rm≥ ]d™p ""CXv

Ipg¬°m¿ \n¬°p∂ ÿe-amWv'', ""\nßƒ

]n∂n-emWv \n¬t°-≠-Xv''. At∏mƒ Ah¿°v amdn-

\n¬°m≥ Hcp _p≤n-ap´v D≈-Xp-t]msetXm∂n.

Rm≥ BZy-ambn t]mIp∂ ÿe-amWv F¶nepw

]cn-]mSn Ign™v Rm≥ ]amWn sN≠-°m-c-t\mSv

CXn-s\-∏‰n tNmZn®t∏mƒ At±lw ]d-™Xv

""Rßƒ h¿j-Øn¬ 10 Znh-k-amWv CXv D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂Xv; ho°w sN≠]am-Wn-bpsS ÿm\w

ap≥]n-emWv F∂mWv [mc-W. F¶nepw Hcp

Imcyw ]d-bmw. aq∂p aWn-°q¿ tafw \∂mbn

ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ah¿ ]m]vX-cmWv'' .

ASpØ sIm√w apX¬ t]cn-\p-amXw Hcp ho°w

sN≠ apºn¬ Hc‰Øp \n¬°p∂ NS-ßp-amX-

am-bn.

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ taf-Øn-se-∂-t]mse a‰p Nne-]-

[m\ t£XNS-ßp-Iƒ°pw ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

A\p-jvTm\ ]©-hm-Zy-Øn¬ Ipdpw-Ip-g-en\v apJy-

ÿm\w D≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]pXnb Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ct∏mƒ B

ÿm\w \jvS-s∏´p F¶nepw Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬

]gb Hm¿Ω Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v. DZm:˛

Xr]-bm¿ iocmat£X-Øn¬ ]©-hm-Zy-Øn\v

C∂pw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]te-SØpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ CSbv°]Z-£n-W-Øn¬

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ hmbn-®v cmK-hn-kvXm-c-ßƒ D≠m-bn-

cp∂p F∂pw, ""\ncyXn'' Zn°n¬ (sX-°v Ing-°v)

hmbn-°p∂ cmKw ""Iman-\n-a-Wn''-bn¬ ""am¿Øm-

WvU-_m-c-tZ-hm'' F∂ Io¿Ø\w thWw F∂pw

]≠p≈ ]K-¤¿ ]d™v tI´n-´p-≠v. Aßn-s\-

sb-¶n¬, Cu Zn°n¬ \rØ-Øn\v ]m[m-\y-ap-

s≠∂pw, `K-hm≥ Ahn-sS-bmWv \rØw sNøp-

∂Xv F∂pwthWw A\p-am-\n-°m≥.

t£XNS-ßp-I-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ `mK-amb

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]‰n\pw ]m[m-\y-ap≠v. Xriq¿ Pn√-

bn¬ ]mXn-tIm- p-Imhp t£X-Øn¬ 30 h¿j-ambn

8 apX¬ 12 hsc FSp-Øn-´p≠v F∂mWv Adnh.v

Fs¥mcp IjvSw! taf-Øns‚ KXn-tISv F∂p-

thWw ]d-bm≥.

AXp-t]mseXs∂ AS-¥-tafw \memw-Im-

e-Øns‚ Xncv aq∂v Xmf-h´w Ign™v \men¬

\nh¿∂n-cn-°Ww. GI-tZiw F√m ÿe-ß-fnepw

Aßns\ Xs∂-bmWv; kwi-b-an√. F¶nepw

hS°p `mK-ß-fn¬ taf-Øns‚ Xncp-I-emiw

FhnsSbpw FSp-°p-sa-¶nepw, 5˛-epw, 6˛-epw, 7˛epw

hsc \nh-cp-∂p-≠v. AXpw Hcp ASn-ÿm-\-amWv;

AXn¬ \ap°v X¿°n-°m≥ Ah-Im-i-an-√.

Rm≥ BZy-ambn Hcp ÿeØv ]cn]m-

Sn°pt]mbn. tafw XpS-ßm≥ F√m-hcpw Xøm-

63


aWvUe ImeØv Zo]m-cm-[-\bv°p Ipg¬]‰mWv

hmbn-°p-∂-Xv. Ipg¬°m¿ \n¬°p∂ ÿew

tkm]m-\-hpw. At∏mƒ Cu D]-I-cWsØ

tkm]m-\-hmZyw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. IqSn-bm´w, aØ-

hn-emkw IqØv F∂n-h-bnepw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ Hgn®p

IqSm≥hømØ D]-I-c-W-am-Wv.

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬]‰v F√m t£tXm-’-h-ß-

fnepw D≠v F¶nepw k‘y-th-ebv°v D≈ Ipdpw-

Ip-g¬]‰v F√m D’-h-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂n-√.

Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse F√m t£tXm-’-h-ß-

fnepw hnf-°n\v Fgp-∂-≈n-®m¬ hnf-°m-Ncw

Ign™v tIfn, Ipg¬]‰v F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv. Ipg¬

]‰ns‚ Ah-km\w sNº-S-sImń ]©m-cn-ta-f-

Øn¬ XpSßn, AS¥ sImń apdn-b-S-¥-bn¬IqSn

sNº-S-bn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]‰n\v \m´-cm-K-Øn¬ cmK-hn-

kvXmcw \SØn, ]n∂oSv GXv cmK-Øn-emtWm

]‰v DuXp-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv B cmKw IqSn

hnkvX-cn®v, ]‰n-te°v IS-°p-∂p. km[m-c-W-bmbn

Imwt_mPn, ss`chn, F∂ocm-K-ßfn-emWv ]‰v

DuXm-dp-≈Xv. ]‰n\v Imew CS¬ ]√-hn, A\p-]-

√hn, NcWw, GIw F∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv.

GI-Xm-f-Øn¬ a≤y-am-h-Xn-cmKw hmbn-

®mWv ]‰v Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. kab ssZ¿Lyw

A\p-k-cn®v A\p-]-√hn Ign™v ]©m-cn-Iqdpw

DXm-dp-≠v.

IqdpwIpg¬]‰n\v ]°-ta-f-ambn sN≠bpw

sXm∏n-a-±-fhpw, Xmfambn Ce-Øm-fhpw, ipXn

Ipgepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (ipXn Ipg¬ C∂v A]-

Xy-£-ambn.)

sI. \µ-Ip-am¿ :˛ Iogq´v Ia-em£n AΩ-bp-sSbpw, NmØ-∏Øv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ \mb-cp-sSbpw aI-

\mbn 1967-˛¬ P\-\w. BZy-]mTw A—s‚ ASp-Øv. XpS¿∂v Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ BNm-cy≥ ]√m-hq¿ ]pc-

kv°mc tPXmhv sImºØv Ip´≥ ]Wn-°-cpsS in£-W-Øn¬. \nc-h[n tatfm-’-h-ß-fn¬ ]amWw

hln-®n-´p-≠v. \nc-h[n ]pc-kv°m-c-ßfpw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. ]md-ta-°mhv kph¿Æ apZ, Imhn¬ hnP-b≥

amcm¿ kph¿Æ apZ, cma-aw-Kew s]cpw Xrt°m-hn¬ t£X kph¿Æ apZ, ]p√q¿ hmZy-I-em-tIµw

kph¿Æ apZ, apwss_ tIfn-bpsS t]man-knßv B¿ńÃv ]pc-kv°mcw XpS-ßnb Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-

am-Xw. `mcy _nµp, a°ƒ ]nb, Bc-Xn.


SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsvjeùlfãfw aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ip-brjszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIeó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ YibevxkeCfTãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõèfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùl-èfvkèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCfTãqh¥fTgbevgúmdkjõX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ YibesvkQkgäfqsT oqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTxbqóèfsnejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.


64

hmZy-tem-IØv sImºns‚ ÿm\w HmS-bv°men apcfn

`mh, cmK, Xmf kΩn-fn-X-amb p]-tZ-i-amWv

`mc-Xw. ChnsS hoip∂ Im‰n-\p-t]mepw Xmf-ap-

≠v. ]X-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Im´m-dn\v kwKo-X-hpw, P¥p-

Pm-e-ß-f-S-°-ap≈ A¥-co-£-Øn\v \nb-X-amb

`mhhpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. CXv Cu q]-tZ-i-Øns‚

[\y-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. tZh-`q-an-bmb ChnsS

\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ tijn∏v Ign-

™m¬ H∂mWv hmZy-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ.

XnI®pw kwKo-Xm-fl-I-amb hmtZym-]-I-c-W-

amWv sImºv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-Imew apX¬ CXv \ne-

\n¬°p-∂p. mK-hXw IY-bn¬ ]d-™p-tIƒ°p∂

IY-Iƒ CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. tKm]m-e-\mb

ioIrjvW`K-hms‚ Iøn¬ Imen-t°m-epw,

sImºp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iq´p-Im¿°v Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ

ssIam-dp∂Xn\v Cßns\sbmcp D]-I-cWw \ne-

hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. arK-ß-fpsS sImºv cq]-s∏-Sp-

Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu hmZyw. C∂v t£X-hm-Zy-

ßƒ°nS-bn¬ FÆ-s∏´ Hcp hmtZym-]-I-c-W-amb

sImºn¬ \n∂v C∂- i-_vZta hcq F∂n-√. kI-

eXpw hcpw. taf-Øn\pw ]©-hm-Zy-Øn\pw sImgp-

t∏-Ip∂ sImºn¬ \n∂p ]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ i_vZ-

am-[pcn H∂mwXcw Xs∂. AXns‚ `wKn-bm-Wv

Iq´n-s°m-´p-Iƒ°v ]I-cp∂ angn-hv. Ae-b-Sn-®p-b-

cp∂ kpµ-c-I-em-i-ßƒ°v \rØw-N-hn- p∂ Bkzm-

Z-Isc lcw-sIm-≈n-°p-∂Xv sImºns‚ ipXn-\n-

d™ kwKo-Xam-Wv. cmP-Iob hnfw-_-c-ßƒ°v

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Cu hmtZym-]-I-cWØn\pw

Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ F√m-‰n\pw h∂-am-‰-ßƒt]mse,

am‰-ßƒ h∂p. HmSn¬ \n¿Ωn® sImºv aq∂v Xpey-

`m-K-ßfm°n Iq´n-bn-W-°n-bmWv

D]-tbm -Kn -°p -∂-X v . Ime-

ßƒ°pap≥]v "Xnancn' sImºv \ne-

\n-∂n-cp-∂p. C∂v AXn¬\n∂pw

am‰w-h-cpØn "`mcn'bn¬ Xo¿Ø-

sIm-ºmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂Xv.

]e-bn-SØpw CXns‚ ]Wn-°m¿

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AsX√mw ]g-¶-Y-I-

fmbn. t]cm-aw-Kew sImºmWv KpW-

Øn¬ apº≥ F∂mWv ]ecpw A`n-

]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ cma-aw-

Kew t£X-Øn¬ H‰s°mºv (C-

g-∏n-√mØXv) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXv

C∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-√.

Fd-Wm -Ipfw Pn√ -bnse

""\mb-tØmSn''¬ Hcp ImeØv sImºv Iem-Im-c-

∑m¿ [mcmfw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ ]i-kvXcpw

injy¿ [mcm-f-ap≈ BNm-cy-∑mcpw Dƒs∏- n-cp∂p.

FS-bm-°pSn thep-∏-Wn-°¿, ssh∏n≥ \mcm-b-W-

∏-Wn-°¿, cma≥\m-b¿, cmhpÆn∏Wn-°¿ XpS-

ßnb ]i-kvX¿°v ]n∂mse sNß-a-\mSv A∏p-

\m-b¿, HmS-bv°men ]pcp-j≥ \mb¿, bi:»co-c-

cmb sNß-a-\m´v i¶-c≥, ]md-°-Shv A∏p XpS-

ßnb henb \nc-Xs∂ cq]w-sIm-≠p. \mb-tØm-

65


Spw, HmS-bv°m-en-bnepw sImºv Iem-Im-c-∑m¿

C∂pw Gsd-bp-≠v. ]t£ Cu sXmgn-en¬ A¿∏-

W-t_m-[-ap-≈-h¿ Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂p- F∂Xv ZpxJ-

I-c-amb kXy-am-Wv. A≤zm\w Gsd-bpw, ]Xn-^-

e-w Ipdhp-am-b-Xn-\m¬ bphm-°ƒ Cu Ie-bn¬

\n∂v AI-em≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Xnÿm\w (k,-],-k) DuXn-bmWv ]T\w

XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. sNº-S-bn¬ hmbvØmcn sNm√n

]Tn®v DuXn sXfn-bp-I-bmWv ]T\coXn. sImºv

]‰mWv BZysØ ¢mkp-I-fn¬. AS¥, A©-S¥

XpS-ßnb Xmf-ØnemWv _m°n-`m-K-ßƒ. ]‰qXm-

dm-bm¬ ]ns∂ taf-hpw, ]©-hm-Zyhpw tI´pw-

I≠pw ]Tn-°Ww; CXm-Wv \ne-hnep≈ ssien.

]©-hm-Zy-Øn-epw, sImºp-]-‰n-ep-amWv at\m-[¿a-

]-I-S-\-Øn\p km[yX Gsd-bpw. ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\v

Nne-`m-Kßfn¬ at\m-[¿Ω ]tbm-K-km-[y-X-bp-

≠v. Htc Hcp hmZyw-sIm≠v Hcp t£X-Ie Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰p-sa-¶n¬ AXv sImºp-]-‰m-Wv. Xmf-

°m-c\v sNdn-b-[¿Ω-ta-bp-≈q. \ne-hn¬ 40 an\n-

‰p-hsc ]‰qXmw. AXn-e-[n-I-am-bm¬ Ac-ßp-ap-jn-

®n-ep-≠m-hmw.

sImºn\v Hcp A\p-km-cn-hmZyw F∂ \ne-

bv°mWv ÿm\-sa-¶nepw AXn\v A¿l-amb hne-

I¬∏n-°p-∂-h-cpap-≠v. sImºns‚ Nph-´n¬ \n∂v

taf-hpw, ]©-hm-Zyhpw aXn-a-d-∂m-kz-Zn-°p-∂-h¿

hnc -f -a -√. kwKo -X -km - µ -amb A\p -`qXn

sImºn¬\n∂p AS¿∂p-ho-gp-∂p-≠v. ""D∏n-emØ

Iq´m-\n√'' F∂p-]-d-bpw-t]msebmWv sImºns‚

ÿm\-hpw. Ime-ßƒ AXv sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ sImºns‚ FÆw Ipd-hmbn-

cp∂p. C∂v Xriq¿]qc-Øn-s\ms° c≠v \nc-bmbn

\n∂mWv ]tbm-Kw.

sImºp-Im-c-\pw, Xmf-°m-c\pw Xcn-ºn-\p-

t]mepw hni-a-an-√. B\ h∂m¬ t]mIpw-hsc

sImºp-Im-c≥ PmK-X ]men°Ww. a‰p-]e Iem-

Im-c-∑mcpw \√-]-Xn-^-e-hp-ambn Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-

tºmƒ, sImºp-Im-c≥ Dugw ImØp-\n¬°p-I-bm-

hpw.

hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ sImºns‚ ]c-ºc

\ne-\n¬°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw,ssi-en-Ifn¬ sNdn-b-

am‰w amX-ta-bp-≈q. ]mc-º-cy-I-e-Iƒ C∂v

GXm≠v AkvX-an-°m-dm-bn. kz¥w a°sf Cu

cwK-Øn-d-°m≥ ]ecpw aSn-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. Ie-bp-

ambn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂-h\v kaq-l-Øn¬ henb

hne-sbm-∂p-an-√. HcpXcw ]p—-amWv ]e¿°pw.

Fs¥ms°bmbmepw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-gn™v ]ncn-bp-

tºmƒ, ""\∂m-bot´m'' F∂ A`n-\-µ\w Xs∂

a\- n¬ Ipfn¿tIm-cpw. G‰hpw henb ]pc-kv°m-

c-ßƒ In´p-∂-Xnepw hep-Xm-Wv CØcw hm°p-

Iƒ. ]√m-hq¿ ]pc-kv°m-c-Øn\v Ip´≥]-Wn-°-cm-

ims\ (Ip-g¬ Iem-Im-c≥) Xnc-s™-Sp-sØ-∂-

hm¿Ø Gsd kzmK-Xm¿lw-X-s∂. ImcWw A\p-

km-cn-hm-Zy-ßƒ°v _lp-aXn In´p-I-sb-∂Xv

\n m-c-Im-cy-a-√t√m?.

HmS-bv°men apcfn :˛ tIc-f-Ønse sImºp-hm-Z-I-cn¬ ]K-¤≥. \nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°pw ]©-hm-

Zy-ßƒ°pw ]amWw hln-°p-∂p. \nc-h[n injy-k-º-Øp≈ io. apcfn a[y-tI-c-f-Ønse sImºv hmZy-

Øns‚ h‡m-hm-Wv.


t£X \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ GgvP∑-ß-fn -tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn -tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWhkwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.


66

Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw sI.-F. inh-Zmkv h¿Ω

L\-hm-Zy-amb Ce-Øm-f-Øn¬ kwKo-Xtam?

]ecpw s\‰n-Np-fn-t®-°mw. ]tXy-In®pw kwKoX

]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ Du‰w-sIm-≈p∂ a‰p Z£n-tW-

¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fnse Iem-a¿Ω-⁄¿. tIc-f-

Øn\v X\-Xmb Hcp kwKo-X-]m-c-º-cyw-t]mepw

Cs√∂v Dss®kvXcw tLm-jn-®p- \-S-°p-∂-h¿

Adn-bm-Ø, Ah¿°v Kln-°m≥ I-gn-bm-Ø, tIc-

f-Øn-\p-amXw kz¥-amb Hcp hmZy-Iem]ÿm-\-

Øns‚ temI-kw-Ko-X-th-Zn-bn-te-°p≈ hne-a-Xn-

°m-\m-hmØ kw`m-h-\-bsX ""taf-ßƒ'' F∂

sIm´p-I-t®-cn-Iƒ.

Xmf-ßƒ ""A£-c-Im -e -ßƒ'' B°n-

s°m≠v kpjn-c-hm-Zy-ß-fmb sImºn-t\bpw Ipdpw-

Ip-g-en-t\bpw AI-º-Sn-°m-cm°n \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-

I¿ sa\-s™-SpØ taf-ß-fpsS Bflm-hn-te°v

Cd-ßn-s®-∂mte ""Ce-Ømf''Øns‚ amkva-cn-I-

kw-KoXssh`hw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hq.

kwKoX aWvU-]-ß-fp-tSbpw \mS-I-im-e-I-

fp-tSbpw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-∏pdw Iq‰≥ ""B\-∏≈''

aXn-ep-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ hnim-e-amb t£Xm-¶-W-

ß-fn¬ B\bpw Aºm-cnbpw \¬Ip∂ kz¿K-k-

am-\-amb Zriy-hn-kva-b-Øn-s‚bpw, NnX-k-am-\-amb

tKm]p-c-ß-fp-tSbpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ amXw Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu ""sIm´p-I-t®cn''Ifnse

""Xmf-h´''ßsf tIm¿Øn-W-°p∂ ia-I-c-amb

ZuXy-amWv Ce-Øm-f-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.

""_otYmh''t‚X-S°w temIsØ at‰-sXmcp

""Symphony''tbbpw ]n∂n-em-°p∂ Cu sIm´p-I-

t®-cnIfpsS hnim-e-amb Iym≥hmkv Xs∂-bmWv

Cu Xmf-hm-Zy-hr-µ-Øns‚ km≤y-X-bpw. kam-\-

X-I-fn-√mØ Cu Xmf-°-t®-cn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-

X-Iƒ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.

t£X-a -Xn¬°-IØv s\‰n -∏ -´w -sI-´n -

\n¬°p∂ KPho-c-∑m¿°v ap∂n¬ K-hms‚ X¶-

Øn-Sºns‚ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏n\v AI-º-Sn-bm-bn-am-Xw

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ F∂ Xmf-°-t®-

cnIƒ°v 120-˛¬]cw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ""tKm]p-cm-

IrXn''bn¬ \nc-°p∂ ImgvN-Xs∂ A¤p-X-ap-

W¿Øp-∂p.

]Xn-\©v sImºp-Imcpw Ah¿°v ap∂n-embn

]Xn-\©v Ipdpw-Ip-g¬°mcpw. Ah¿°- n-ap-J-ambn

taf-Ønse ][m\ i≤m-tI-µ-ß-fmb CS-¥-e-

°mcpw ]Xn-\©v t]¿X-s∂-bp-≠mhpw. CXn\v

]n∂n-em-bmWv 45 he-¥-e-°mcpw Ah¿°n-S-bn-

embn tafsØ kwKo-X-a-b-am-°phm≥ 30 Ce-Øm-

f-°mcpw Iq¿Ø tKm]p-c-Øns‚ BIr-Xn-bn¬ \ne-

sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.

taf-I-e-bpsS hnhn-[- X-´-I-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

hcp∂ Cu hmZy-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿ Bdm-´p -]pg

67


imkvXm-hns‚ Xncp-\-S-bnepw, s]cp-h\w \S-h-gn-

bn-epw, Ip -s\-√q¿ t£X-tKm-]p-c-Øn\p ap∂n-epw,

]Xn-\-©m-\-Ifpw sXfn-™p-I-Øp∂ Xosh-ń-I-

fpsS ]`-bpw -sIm≠v kz¿K-k-am -\-am -Ip∂

io]q¿Æ-X-bo-is‚ aXn¬°-IØpw apd- sX-

‰msX Hc\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚ Znhy-tim-`-bv°p-≈n¬

Bhm-ln®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚

kwKoX am[p -cy -Øns‚ tkmX v ""Ce-

Ømf''Øns‚ Iq´m-bva- X-s∂-bm-Wv.

96 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ ]S¿∂v ]¥-en®v

\n¬°p∂ hiy-a-t\m-l-c-amb ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬\n-

∂p-Xs∂ Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kzXzw shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bm-

bn. Xcn-bn- p-]n-Sn-°¬ F∂ arZp-kw-Ko-X-Øn-eqsS

XpS-ßp∂ Ce-Øm-f-]-tbmKw \nebpw X°n- bpw

IS∂v Ipg-a-dn-bp-tºm-tg°pw Aßn-ßmbn Ce-Øm-

f-ßƒ Db¿∂p- s]m-ßp-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw.

Hmtcm- I-emiw ASp-°p-tºmgpw Du¿÷-kz-

e-cmb Cu Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ""Iqń-∏n-Sn-°¬'' F∂

A¤p-X-]-tbmK-Øn-eqsS timXm-°-fpsS knc-

Isf Xkn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]©m-cn-ta-f-Ønse Ce-Øm-

f-Øns‚ ]n∂o-Sp≈ hiyX ]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv ""CSn-

tIm¬'' ]tbmK-Øn-eqsS ap≥\n-c-bnse ""CS-¥-

e-°m¿'' tIƒhn-°msc tImƒa-bn¿ sIm-≈n-°p∂

\memw Ime-Øn-em-Wv. ]¥-≠-£-c-Im-e-ap≈

]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ Cu am[p-cy-ta-dnb Ime-Øn¬

2˛3 F∂o Ia-Øn¬ Xpd-∂p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw, ]n∂oSv

2 XhW AS-®p- ]n-Sn-®-Xn-\p-tijw Xpd-∂v]n-Sp-

Ø-tØmsS Xmf-h´w apgp-an-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂

\memw Ime-Ønse ""he¥e''bpsS lpw¶m-c-

am¿∂ i_vZ-hn-\ym-k-ßsf Iqń-bn-W-°p∂

t\¿Ø kz\-X-¥n-bmbn Ce-Ømfw amdp-∂p.

\memw Ime-Øn¬ ""Ipg-a-dn-bp-∂-tXmsS''

Ce-Øm-f-°m-cn¬ Bth-iw- I-Øn-∏-S-cpIbm-bn.

ASn-ÿm-\-Xm-f-Øns‚ Cg-]n-cn-®p≈ ""Iqń-∏n-Sp-

Ø-Øns‚ kuµcyw'' ChnsS ]I-S-am-Wv. ""]Xn-

Imew'' Ign-™m¬ ]©m-cn-bnse hiy-a-t\m-l-c-

Imew GsX∂ tNmZy-Øn\v ""A©mw-Imew''

Xs∂-sb-∂mWv DØ-cw. FS°p∂n DXw -hn-f-

°n\v A©mw-Im-e-amWv G‰hpw ]Xn-™-\n-e-bn¬

XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd io ]q¿Æ-X-boi

t£X-Ønse hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn-em-Is´ CXn\v

""Xncp-ap≥]n¬'' taf-sa-∂mWv t]cv. cmP-`-c-W-Im-

eØv sIm®n-a-lm-cm-Pmhv t\cn´v Fgp-∂≈n ]Sn-

™mtd X´p-am-fn-I-bn¬ Ccp∂v ]©m-cn-bpsS Cu

A©mw Imew Bkz-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-hsX!

Ce-ØmfIem-Im-c-∑m¿ k¿∆-X-¥-kz-X-¥-

cmbn hnl-cn-°p∂ ihy-kp-J-]-[m-\-am-bXpw Bdv

A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ NSp-e-ß-fmb Xmf-h- -ß-tfm-

Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb A©mw-Imew Bkz-Zn-°p-tºmƒ,

taf-cm-P-\mb ]©mcn taf-Øns‚ am[pcyw

apgph\w Hcp -ssI-°p-S-∂-bn-em-hm-ln-®p-X-cp-∂-Xp-

t]m-se-bp≈ A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv timXm-°-fn¬

DW¿Øp-I. A©mw-Im-e-Øns‚ AXn-am-[q-cy-

am¿∂ Dcp -fpssI Iem -i -ßƒ XpS -ßp -

tºmƒXs∂ Ce-Øm-f-°m¿ Xcn-bn-´p-]n-Sn-°-en-

eq-sSbpw, Iqń-∏n-Sn-°-en-eq-sSbpw Xß-fpsS kPo-

h-km-∂n≤yw hnfw-ºcw sNøp-∂p.

tafw ""Ipg-a-dn-bp-∂-tXmsS'', Ch-cpsS `mhw

amdp-I-bm-bn. Cu `m-h-am‰w ]I-S-ambn ImWp∂

apJ-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv aWn-bw-]-d-ºn¬ aWn-bp-


68

inh-Zmkv h¿Ω :˛ XmacwIpfßc Aø∏tkhmkanXnbpsS ]h¿ØI≥. \yq C¥y≥

FIvkv] v Zn\]XØns‚ teJI≥. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥.

NnXßƒ°v IS∏mSv ˛ iolcn sh¶ntSizc≥

sSbpw, jmcSn apc-fn-bp-sSbpw hen-™p-ap-dp-Inb

`mh-]-I-S-\-tØm-sS-bp≈ Iqń-∏n-SpØw. hb-\mSv

cmtP-jns‚ IÆp-I-fnemWv taf-e-l-cn-bpsS

XohX ImWp-I. Np‰pw \n¬°p∂ kl-]-h¿Ø-

Isc Bthiw kv^pcn-°p∂ IÆp-I-tfmsS

t\m°n Ah-sc-°qSn Du¿÷-kz-e-cm-°m≥ i‡n-

bp≈hbsX Xo]m-dp∂ Cu IÆp-Iƒ.

Ah-km-\sØ Iem-iw-hsc CSnan∂¬

t]mse an∂n-a-d-bp∂ Ce-Øm-f-ta-¥nb ssII-fp-

ambn Ch¿ Iqń-]n-Sn-°-ens‚ el-cn-bn-eacp∂p.

Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kz¿Ko-b-kpJw A\p-`-hn-°-W-

sa-¶n¬ ""sNºS''taf-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Im-e-

ßƒXs∂ tIƒ°-Ww. AXsX Xr∏q-Wn-

Øpdbnse ""\S-∏p-c-I-emiw''. ""F -£-c-Ime''ap≈

sNº-S-bpsS Ah-km-\-Im-e-ßƒ

]Xn™p XpS-ßp-tºmƒXs∂

Xcn-bn-´p-]n-Sn -°p∂ Ce-Øm-f-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

©n’ow ©n’ow ©n’ow ©n’ow...... F∂

kz¿Ko-b-kw-KoXw ImXp-I-fn¬ tX≥a-g-bmbn

s]bvXn-d-ßp-∂p.

AXn-\n-S-bn¬ Nne hnZzm-∑m¿ Iq- n-∏nSn°pI-

Iq-Sn-sN-øp-tºmƒ A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ tIƒhn-

°m¿ kzbw-a-d∂v AXn¬ Aen-™p-tN-cp-∂p.

CXn¬ Iem-i-ßƒ FSp-°p∂tXmsS ""Xmf-e-

lcn''bn¬ aØp-]n-Sn® Ce-Øm-f-°m¿ Ce-Øm-f-

ßƒ hmbp-hn¬ Npg‰n Iqń-∏n-Sn-°-ens‚ amkva-c-

h-ebw Xo¿°p-∂p. CXns‚ ASp-Ø- Im-e-Ønse

Iem-i-ß-fn¬ Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw NSp-e-

X-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂-tXmsS timXm-°ƒ hmbp-

hn-ep-b¿∂p s]mßp-I-bm-bn.

Cu Xmf-I-t®-cn-bpsS, Cu Ce-Øm-f-Øn-s‚,

kwKoX am[p-cy-Øns‚ ckm-\p-`qXn ]dt™m

Fgp-Xntbm en-∏n-°pI Akm-≤yw-X-s∂. Xo¿®-

bm-bpw AXv \S-∏p-c-I-em-i-ß-fn-eqsSbpw, lnµp-

ÿm\n kwKo-X-Øns‚ ""AXn-hn-fw_''Ime-Øn\v

ka-amb ]Xn-Im-e-Øn-eq-sS-bpw, Xncp-ap≥]n¬ taf-

ß-fn-eqsSbpw A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-I-Xs∂ thWw.

H∏w a\- n¬ kvacn-t°≠ as‰mcp ][m-\-

s∏-´ -Imcyw IqSn-bp-≠v Xp—-amb ]Xn-^-etam,

Xo°p-¥w-sh-bn-tem, I\Ø a™p-]p-X® cmXn-

tbm H∂pw IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX, tZho-tZ-h-∑m¿°p-

ap-∂n¬ Xß-fpsS cmhp-Ifpw ]I-ep-Ifpw ae-bm-

fn-°p-amXw kz¥-amb Cu Xmf-I-t®-cn-Isf kwKo-

X-a-b-am-°p∂ Cu Ce-Øm-f-°m-c-S-°-ap≈ ""taf-

I-em-Im-c-∑m-cpsS'' A¿∏-W-_p-≤nbpw, Bflm¿∞-

Xbpw; AXn-s\ms° ]pdsa Iem-kzm-Z-I-cmb

\tΩm-Sp≈ ]Xn-_-≤-X-bpw.

tIc-f-Ønse ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn tZh-X-Iƒ°v

ap∂n¬ cmhpw ]Iepw hyXym-k-an-√msX Xß-

fpsS Xmf-ss\-thZyw ka¿∏n-°p-∂ Cu hmZy-I-

em-Im-c-∑m¿°v ap∂n¬ kmjvSmwKw \a-kv°-cn-

°pIb√msX as‰-¥p-sN-øm≥.!

69


sImńs‚ hk-¥-Imew Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tat\m≥

P\-ß-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-io-e-Ønepw PohnX

ssien-bnepw h∂ am‰-ßƒ Ign™ Im¬\q-‰m-

≠n-\n-Sbv°v tIc-fob ¢mkn-°¬ Ie-Isf ]Xn-

Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®n- p-≠v. (bp-\vkvtIm-hns‚ AwKo-

Im-chpw t]m’m-l-\hpw IqSn-bm´ cwK-Øp-≠m-

°nb DW¿∆ns\ hnkva-cn-®p-sIm-≠√ CsX-gp-Xp-

∂-Xv) F∂m¬ tIc-fob hmZy-I-esb, hnti-jn®pw

taf-tØbpw Xmb-º-I-sbbpw kw_-‘n®v, C°-

gn™ Zi-IsØ ""sImńs‚ hk-¥-Imew'' F∂p

hnti-jn-∏n-®m¬ sX‰n-√.

a≤y-tI-c-f-Øn¬ h≈p-h-\mSv apX¬ Fd-Wm-

Ipfw Pn√-bnse cma-aw-Kew ]mgq¿ hsc-bp≈ qhn-

`m-K-am-bn-cp∂p taf-ß-fpsS X -Iw. s]cp-h-\w, Ccn-

ßm-e-°p-S, Ip -s\-√q¿, Xriq¿, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d, FS-

°p∂n, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ XpS-ßnb t£X-ß-fnse D’-

h-ßtfm ]qc-ßtfm Bbn-cp∂p ]©m-cn-bpsSbpw

]m≠n-bp-sSbpw D∂-X- \n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ]I-S\ tIµ-

ßƒ. aXn¬°-I-Øp-sIm-´p∂ ]©m-cn-°p-X-s∂-

bmWv taf-ß-fn¬ BVy-Xz-sa-¶nepw, Xriq¿]pcw

Dƒs∏sS ]e ]qc-ß-fnepw ]m≠nbpw ][m\w

Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. DK-aq¿Øn-I-fmb `Z-Imfn

t£X-ß-fn¬ aXn¬°-IØv ]m≠n- sIm-´m-dp-≠v.

Xmb-º-Isb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw in¬∏-

`-Z-X°v ]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚ ae-

a-°mhv ssienbpw, Iem-Im-cs‚ k¿§-tijn ]I-

Sn-∏n-°p∂ at\m-[¿Ω ]I-S-\-Øn\v ]m[m\yw

\¬Ip∂ ]me-°m-S≥ ssienbpw, ]K-¤-cmb \nc-

h[n Iem-Im-c-∑m-cn-eqsS hf-cp-Ibpw hnI-kn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. (ta-f-Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw IY-

I-fn-bnse∂t]mse Hcp DØ-c-a-e-

_m¿ ssienbpw \ne-\n-∂p-h-cp-∂p-

≠v.)

taf-Øn-s‚bpw Xmb-º-I-bp-

sSbpw ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Cu kzm[o-

\-ta-J-e-Iƒ hn´v tafm-kzm-Z\w

sX°≥ Pn√-I-fn-tebv°pw hym]n-

®p-sh-∂Xpw k¿§-[-\-cmb \nc-h[n

]pXnb Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpw, Iem-kzm-

Z-Icpw Cu cwKØv hf¿∂p-h-∂p-

sh-∂Xpw sN≠-bpsS Ncn - X-

Ønse Hcp kph¿Æ Ime-ambn

Cu Zi-I-sØ-am-‰n. s]cp-h\w Ip´-

∑m-cpw, a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-bpw,

tIm´-bØpw sIm√Øpw Xncp-h-\-

¥-]p-cØpw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS lc-ambn amdn.

]K-¤- tafIem-Im-c-∑m-sc-]-s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈

sIm√w-]q-chpw, tIm´bw ]qchpw Dƒs∏sS

sX°≥ Pn√-Ifnse ]i-kvX-t£-tXm-’-h-ßƒ

ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn taf-Øn\p henb ]m[m\yw

\¬Ip-∂p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ kmt¶-XnIXzw \nd™

Xmb-ºI thcp-]n-Sn-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈ sX°≥

Pn√-I-fn¬, a -∂q-cns‚ Xmb-ºI Hcp el-cn-bmbn

amdn -°-gn -™p. Xncp -hn -Xmw -Iq¿ tZhkzw


70

t_m¿Uns‚ t£X Iem-]o-T-Øn¬ \n∂v ]T\w

]q¿Øn -bm -°p∂ hnZym¿∞n -Ifpw Cu

tafkwkv°mcw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ henb ]¶p-h-

ln-®n-´p-≠v.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse sNdnb t£X-ß-

fn¬t∏mepw H∂mwInS taf-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bnse ]kn-

≤-amb ]©mcn ]m≠n-ta-f-ßfpw, acSv Xme-

s∏menbnse s]cp-h\w Ip´≥amcmcpw Ing-°q´v

A\n-b≥am-cmcpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]m≠n-ta-f-

ßfpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp≈ taf-ß-fm-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ipfw

Pn√-bnse Fd-Wm-Ipfw, hf-™-º-ew, ]≈p-

cpØn, ]pXnbImhv, \S-°m-hv, N°w-Ip-f-ß-c, ]≈n-

∏-d-ºp-Im-hv, ]njm-cn-tIm-hn¬, cma-aw-K-ew, ]\-

ßmSv KW-]Xn t£Xw, Nn‰q¿ t£Xw XpSßn

\qdp-I-W-°n\p t£X-ß-fn¬ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-

amb taf-ßƒ Ac-tß-dp-∂p. ]e- t£-X-ß-fnepw

\mS-I-ß-fp-sSbpw, Km\-ta-f-I-fp-sSbpw ÿm\w taf-

ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xmbn ImWmw. \nc-h[n t£X-

ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ taf-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn-eqsS

\qdp-I-W-°n\p hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ tafw Ac-tßdn

]pd-Øp- h-cp-∂p. sN≠ A`ym-k\w A`n-Pm-X-amb

H∂mbn AwKo-Imcw t\Sn-°-gn-™p. tafwsIm≠p-

amXw am\y-ambn Pnhn-°m-hp∂ Hchÿ ssIh-

∂Xp aqe-ap-≠mb kmº-ØnI kpc-£nXXzw, \nc-

h[nt]¿ Kuc-h-]q¿∆w Cu cwK-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-

cm-\p-≈ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m°n.

taf-ßƒ C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xp t£tXm-

’-h-ß-fn-eqsS amX-am-Wv. Hcp Iem-]-cn-]mSn F∂

\ne°v CXv hnP-bn-°m-\p≈ km[yX Xosc-°p-d-

hm-Wv. cmXn-bpsS \n»-_vZ-X-bn¬, s\‰n-∏´w

sIńb B\-Ifpw Xosh-ń-Ifpw tN¿∂p krjvSn-

°p∂ Aùa-amb Hc¥-co£w Cu tafßƒs°m-

cp-°p∂ ]›m-Ø-e-`wKn krjvSn-°m≥ Hcp Iem-

]-cn-]m-Sn°p km[y-a-√t√m? FX-sbms° ]K¤

Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp-Ømepw, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn-

tebpw Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn-tebpw aXn¬°-IsØ

]©m-cnbpw, ]u¿Æan cmXn-bn¬ _m“-ap-

lq¿Ø-Ønse Ip´-\-√q¿ ]©m-cnbpw, ]mXn-cm-

hnse FS-°p-∂ ]-©m-cnbpw Xriq¿]qc-Ønse

aXn¬°-IsØ ]m≠nbpw (Ce-™n-Ød tafw)

krjvSn-°p∂ B\-µ-e-lcn ]I¿∂p Xcm≥ D’-

h-ßƒt° Ign-bp.

F°m-e-tØbpw ]K-¤ -tafIem-Im-c-∑m-

tcm-sSm∏w k¿§-[-\-cmb \nc-h[n bph-I-em-Im-c-

∑mcpw Cu cwKØv hf¿∂phcp∂p F∂Xv sIm´p-

I-e-bpsS `mhn-sb-∏‰n Gsd ]Xo-£-Iƒ \¬Ip-

∂p. Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw Dƒs∏sS tIc-f-Ønse

]kn≤ taf-ßƒs°√mw t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂

s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿ Xs∂ Cu cwKsØ Ct∏m-

gsØ Xmcw. FX -h-enb taf-ßfpw \nb-¥n-°p-

∂-Xn-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hpw kmt¶-XnI

⁄m\hpw s]cp-h-\-Øns\ ""taf-N-I-h¿Øn''-

bm°n am‰n. tIfØp Ac-hn-µm-£≥, Ing-°q´v

A\n-b≥am-cm¿, Xncp-h-√ cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥, ]gp-hn¬

cLp-am-cm¿, s]cp-h\w kXo-i≥am-cm¿, sNdp-t»cn

Ip´≥am-cm¿, tNcm-\-√q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿, a´-

∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ (Xn-cp-h-ºmSn tafw)

XpSßn ]K-¤-cmb \nc-h[n Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ap≥\n-

c-°m-cmbpw ]am-W-°m-cmbpw taf-cw-KsØ Xmc-

ß-fmbn tim`n-°p-∂p. taf- cw-KsØ G‰hpw

henb ]Xo -£-bm -bn -cp∂ Im®mw -Ip -dn®n

IÆ≥amcm-cpsS AIm-e-hn-tbmKw Cu cwKsØ

Ign™ Zi-I-Ønse G‰hpw henb \jvS-

ambncp∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ tZhkzw t_m¿Uns‚

t£X-I-em -]o -T -Øn -eqsS \qdp -I -W-°n\p

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v sN≠-hm-Z -\ -Øns‚ Ie

]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØ kZ\w Znhm-I-c-am-cm-¿, taf -cw-

KØp amX-a√ Xmb-ºI IY-I-fn-s°m- v, tkm]m\

kwKo-Xw, FS-°, AXn-k-¶o¿Æ-amb ]mWnhm-

Z\w XpSßn t£X-kw-_-‘-amb F√m hmZy-

tafIe-I-fnepw imkvXo-b-⁄m-\hpw cwK-]-tbm-

K-]m-S-hhpw D≈ ]K-¤-\mWv. ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-

bpsS ]Xn-\n[nIfmbn GXp henb tafhpw ]am-

Wn-°m-\p≈ ]m]vXn t\Snb Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd atl-

jn-t\bpw tNµ-aw-Kew DÆn-Ir-jvW-am-cm-tcbpw

CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ kvacn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√.

sN≠-ta-f-ß-fn¬ ]m≠nbpw ]©m-cn-bp-sam-

gn-®p≈ AS¥, A©-S-¥, Nº, sN-º-S, [phw˛

Nº XpS-ßnb A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ°v Ah-k-c-ßƒ

71


hf-sc-°p-dn®p amXta e`n-°p-∂p-≈q. ]©m-cn-ta-

f -sØ-t∏mse Ch-sb√mw sNº-S -Xm -f -Øn-

ep≈XmI-bm¬ ]©m-cn-sImń ioen® Hcp Iem-

Im-c\v ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ch sIm´m-\m-Ipw.

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd t£X-Øn¬ ]©mcn sImń-°-em-

in-®-tijw (Xn-cp-ap-ºn¬ tafw) AS-¥-bn¬ hl-

sIm-épw sNº-S-bpsS Ah-km-\-Im-ehpw (\-S-∏p-

c-ta-fw) sImń-h-cm-dp-s≠-¶nepw, Chsb ]q¿Æ-

ta-f-ß-fmbn sIm´m-dn-√. H‰tafw amX-ap≈ ]qc-

ßƒt°m Xme-s∏m-ent°m CXp _p≤n-ap-´m-sW-

¶nepw, 16 ]©m-cnbpw (B-dm´p Ign-™p- h-∂p≈

aXn¬°-IsØ ]©mcn Dƒs∏-sS) Hcp ]m≠nbpw

Hcp ]©-hm-Zyhpw sIm´p∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d

-t]m-esØ D’-h-ßƒ°v Nne- Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se-

¶nepw Ch ]co-£n®v t\m°p-∂Xv Iem-Im-c-

∑m¿°pw Bkzm-Z-I¿°pw A\p-K-l-am-bn-cn°pw.

]m≠n-ta-fw t]mse D’-h-Øn\p aXn¬°-IØv

sImń-°qSm F∂ \nb-aw Chbv°p _m[-I-a-√.

h≈p-h-\m-ńepw ]me-°m-´p-ambn cq]w-

sIm≠p hnI-kn® Xmb-º-I-bnse ]K¤ Iem-

Im-c-∑m¿, C∂pw B taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂v Xs∂-bm-

Wv. ]t£ tIc-f-sam-´msI Hcp ]pØ≥ Bkzm-

ZI kaqlw Xmb-º-I°v hf¿∂v h∂n-´p-≠v.

AXyp-ØctIc-f-Øns‚ hmZ-\-ssi-en-bn¬ ]T-\-

am-cw-`n®v h≈p-h-\m-ń¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am°n a≤y-

tI-c-f-Ønse ssien-Ifpw A`y-kn®v kzmwio-I-

cn®v sImń\v Xt‚-Xm-sbmcp ssien- cq-]-s∏-SpØn

sImńs\ ImgvN-bpsS Ie- Iq-Sn-bm°n am‰nb a´-

∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń Xmb-º-I-bpsS P\-]n-b-X°p

hen-b-]-¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≠v. Iem-Im-c\v G‰hpw

Db¿∂ ]Xn-êw hmßm-\p≈ kml-Ncyw

krjvSn-s®-Sp-ØXpw a -∂q¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. a‰p hmZy-

ß-tfmSv tN¿∂p sN≠-bpsS Bhn-jv°m-c-ß-fpsS

]pXnb taJ-e-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb a´-∂q-cn\v, ]c-º-

cm-KX Bkzm-ZI taJ-e°v ]pdØpw Bcm-[-Isc

t\Sm≥ Ign-™n- p-≠v. sN≠-bpsS taJ-ebnte°p

BZy-ambn ]flio t\Sn-sb-Sp-ØXpw a´-∂q¿

Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]me-°m-S≥ ssien-bpsS ]tbm-‡m-

°-fn¬ I√q¿ cma≥Ip- nbpw, It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-

X≥Ipńbpw Xs∂ Kpcp-

ÿm-\o -b¿. kº-Zmb

ip≤n -bp≈ ae-a -°mhv

ssien-bn¬ k¿§-[-\-cmb

\nc-h[n bph-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿

kPo-h-ambn cwK-Øp-s≠-

¶nepw, XrØm-e - B-

en∏dºps]-cp-a-bpsS NI-

h¿Øn knwlm-k-\-ßƒ

Hgn™p InS -°p∂p.

t]mcq¿ DÆn-Ir-jvW≥,

at©cn lcn -Zmkv ,

I¬∏mØn _me-Ir -

jvW≥ \ote-izcw kt¥m-

jv, a -∂q¿ iocm-Pv, a -∂q¿

ioIm-¥v, XrØme i¶-c-Ir-jvW≥ XpSßn Cu

taJ-e-bn¬ \nc-h[n ]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ hnhn[

ssien-Iƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂p-sIm≠p Xmb-º-I-bpsS

`mhnkpc£nXamsW∂p Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p. Ct∏mƒ

kPo-h-ambn cwK-Øn-s√-¶nepw a´-∂q-cns‚

Kpcp\mY-\pw, Nµ-a-∂m-Un-bm-cpsS injy\pamb

kZ\w hmkp-tZ-hs‚ kw`m-h-\-I-tfbpw kvacn-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v.

IrjvW≥Ip- n-s∏m-Xp-hm-fn-eq-sSbpw, Ip´≥am-

cm-cn-eq-sSbpw hf¿∂p hnI-kn® IY-I-fn-s°m´v

sN≠-bpsS hmZ\ km≤yXIsf Gsd ]tbm-P-


72

\-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp cwK-am-Wv. Nn -]-[m-\-amb GXp

IY-Iƒ°pw alm-\-S-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w sIm´m≥

]m]vXn-bp≈ Iem-a-WvUew DÆn-Ir-jvW≥,

IemaWvUew cma≥ \ºq-Xncn IemaWvUew

IrjvW-Zmkv IemaWvUew _e-cm-a≥ tIm -°¬

]kmZv XpSßn ]K-¤-∑m¿ C∂v cwK-Øp-≠v.

sImńs‚ Ie-bn¬ amcm¿, Aº-e-hmkn

XpS-ßnb kh¿Æ kap-Zm -b-ß-tfm -sSm∏w,

imkvXo-b-amb taf-]-≤-Xn-I-fn¬ ]mhoWyw

t\Snb \nc-h[n Iem-Im-c -∑m¿ CXc kap-

Zmbßfn¬ \n∂pw, ]tXy-In®v ]nt∂m° kap-

Zm-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠v. ]√-»\

Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS ]injy]c-º-c-bn¬s∏´ Xr∏q-Wn-

Øpd kPo-h≥ CXn-s\mcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F√m-

Øcw taf-ßfpw Nn´-bmbn \S-Øm≥ ]m]vXn-

bp≈ kPo-h≥, Xnane hmZ-\-Ønepw it≤-b-

\mWv. hen-sbmcp injy-k-ºØpw kPo-h-\p-≠v.

A\y-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw

imkvXo-b-amb taf-Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-bn-te°p

[mcmfw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ IS-∂p-h-∂p-sh-∂Xp Cu

Ie°p ]pXn-sbmcp am\w \¬Ip-∂p. ]t£

Chsc Dƒs°m-≈m-\p≈ lrZ-b-hn-im-eX \mw

C\nbpw B¿÷n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

\qdpIW-°n\p Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂,

aq∂p apX¬ \me-c-hsc aWn-°qdpIƒ \o≠p-

\n¬°p∂, kq£va-amb KWn-X-]-≤-Xn-ItfmSp-Iq-

Snb, taf-sa∂ Iem-cq]w bmsXmcphn[ dntl-

gvkepw IqSmsX Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂psh∂-

XmWv ]m›mXy Iem-kzm-Z-Isc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xv. taf-Øn-\p- Xpeyw as‰mcp hmZy-Iq- mbva tem-

IØv as‰ßpw C√. imkvXo-bhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-

hp-amb ⁄m\w Cs√-¶n¬t∏mepw, Xmf-t_m-[-

ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn\v Cu Iesb Dƒs°m-≈m-

\mhqw F∂mWv taf-Øns‚ P\-]n-bX ImWn-

°p-∂-Xv. thK-X-bpsS Cu bpK-Ønepw ]Xn-Im-e-

Øns‚ kuµcyw Bkz-Zn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcp Xe-

apd hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv sImńs‚ Ie-bpsS `mhn-

tim-`-\-am-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Wv.

Fw. B¿. Fkv. tat\m≥ :˛ -\m¬∏Xne[nIw h¿jßfmbn IpńIƒ°v B≤ymflnI

kmwkv°mcnI ]T\¢m pIƒ \SØnhcp∂p. dn´. sI. Fkv. C. _n. A°u≠vkv Hmôk¿,

Xr∏qWnØpd IYIfn tIµØnt‚bpw A¥¿t±iob IqSnbm´ tIµØnt‚bpw kPoh]h¿ØI≥.

ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvx

vfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC, iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokX



t£X \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ [\-k-a¿∏Ww \S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ Ggv P∑-

ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-

Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

73


aa mKyw taf-Xbw s]cp-h\w kXo-i≥ amcm¿

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd F∂p -tI-´m¬ Bcp-tSbpw

a\- n¬ HmSn-sb-Øp-∂Xv `‡n-bpsS ]qc-I-ß-

fmb ]q¿Æ-X-bo-i\pw, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io [¿Ω-

im-kvXm-hp-am-Wv. IqSmsX \nc-h[n tZho-tZ-h-∑m¿

IpSn-sIm-≠v A\p-K-l-ßƒ sNmcn-bp∂ \mSmWv

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd F∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bmw.

]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂, Xma-cw-Ip-

f-ßc io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£X-Ønse aI-c-hn-

f°v Znhkw (a-Icw 1˛mw Xob-Xn) \S-°p∂ taf-

X-bsØ°pdn®pw Aev]w kqNn-∏n-°-s´.

Hcp]-Xn-‰m-≠n-te-sd-bmbn Rm≥ apS-ßmsX

]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Hcp al-Ømb, AXn-]-i-kvX-amb,

BtLm-j-amWv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aIc hnf-°n-t\m-

S-\p-_-‘n®v \S-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-fw.

taf-I-e-bnse ""Ipe-]Xn'' F∂pw, ]©m-cn-

bnse ""cmPmhv'' F∂pw F√m-hcpw hnti-jn-∏n-

®n-cp∂ a¨a-d™ Fs‚ ]nXmhv N°w-Ipfw A∏p-

am-cm¿, io. Xrt∏-°pfw A®p-X≥amcm¿ XpS-ßnb

]K-¤¿ ssIøpw saøpw ad∂v BÀm-Z-Øn-

an¿t∏msS taft-]-an-I-fpsS Bth-i-am°n Xo¿Ø

tIc-f-Ønse ]kn-≤-ß-fmb ]qc-ßƒ, D’-h-

ßƒ F∂-t]mse Xs∂ ""Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-

X-b''sØbpw Ah¿ AXns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bn¬

FØn®p. C∂v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-Xbw temI-

]-kn-≤-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ io. kZ\w Znhm-I-c≥ amcm-

cpw, Rm\pw ]am-Wn-am-cm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse \m\m-

`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ tafm-kzm-Z-I¿ aIcw 1˛mw

XobXn Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£X

k∂n-[n-bn-se-Øpw.

hfsc imkvXo-b-ambn, Ime-]-am-W-tØm-

sS, Iqd-S-°-tØmsS, kwKoX Xmf-e-b-tØmsS,

aq∂c aWn-°q-tdmfw \ofp∂ ]©m-cn-ta-f-amWv

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bnse tafw. H∂c aWn-°q¿

hnkvX-cn® ]Xn-Imew, AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn c≠mw

Imehpw aq∂pw, \mepw Ime-ßfpw. A©mw Imew

3/4 aWn-°q¿ hnkvX-cn®v D≠m-Ipw. Hcp XnI™

]©mcn taf-Øn\v aq∂c aWn-°q¿ kabw th≠n-

h-cpw.

4 aWn-°q¿ sIm´p∂ ]©mcn taf-ßfpw

D≠v. ]t£ aq∂v˛aq∂c aWn-°qdn¬ IqSp-X¬

\o≠p t]mbm¬, ka-b-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Ime-ßƒ,

Iem-i-ßƒ, taf-Øns‚ ]e L´-ßƒ F∂nh

hr›nIamk-Ønse tNmXn Znhkw sImSn-

I-b-‰-tØmsS XpS-ßp∂ ]q¿Æ-X-bo-is‚ D’-

h-Ønse ][m\ C\w ]©m-cn-ta-f-am-Wv. hniz-

hn-Jym-X-cmb taf-a-lm-c-Y-∑m¿ AS-°n-hmW Xr∏q-

Wn-Øpd t£XaXn¬°-IsØ ]©m-cn-tafw


74

\ot´-≠n-h-cpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v \ne, XIn´ Ipg-a-

dn-™-°mew aq∂c aWn-°q¿ taf-am-bm¬ B tafw

XnI™ taf-ambn F∂v ]q¿∆n-I¿ ]d-bm-dp-≠v.

Kwò-c-amb ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn\p apºn¬ IÆn-\p-Ip-

fn¿Ω \¬Ip∂ s\‰n-∏´w sIń, Be-h-´-hpw,

sh¨Nm-a-chpw hoin, Xe-bmń \n¬°p∂ KP-

tI-k-cn-Iƒ taf-Øn\p tIaØw ]I-cp∂p. AXpw

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ ]kn≤w Xs∂.

D®-bv°p-tijw 3 1/2 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bcw-

`n-°p∂ ]kn-≤-amb ""Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc

]©-hm-Zy-Øn¬'' tIc-f-Ønse ]K-¤-

cmb H´pan° hmZy-I-em-Im-c-∑mcpw

]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p. 7 aWn-tbmsS kam-]n-

°p∂ Cu tafw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn-

tebpw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-tebpw H∂mwInS

]©-hm-Zy-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

cmXn 11 aWn-tbmsSbp≈ Fgp-

∂-≈n-∏n\p≈ ]m≠n-tafw ]kn-≤-am-

Wv. c≠p aWn-°q¿ \ofp-∂-Xm-Wv

]m≠n-tafw (c≠p aWn-°q-sd-¶nepw

Hcp \√]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\v thWw).

Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-

Øn\v Rm≥ BZy-ambn hcp-∂Xv

sImºvhnZzm≥ io. IpΩØv cma≥\mb¿ Gev]n-®-

X-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. AXv henb Imcy-ambn Rm≥ ImWp-

s]cp-h\w kXo-i≥ amcm¿ :˛ tafm-Nm-cy≥ N°w-Ipfw A∏p-am-cm-cpsS ]pX≥. Xma-cw-Ip-f-

ßc Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°v ]amWw hln-°p-∂p.

∂p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Fs‚ Ffnb Ign-hns\

CjvS-s∏- ncp∂ tPyjvTktlm-Z-c≥ aä-d™ hn\-

b≥ F∂pw Fs‚ a\- n¬ ambmsX \n¬°pw.

hfsc `wKn-bmbn aIchnf-°m-tLmjw

\n¿∆-ln®pt]m-cp-∂ Aø∏ tkhm-k-anXn mc-hm-

ln-I-tfmSp≈ Fs‚ kvt\lw, IS-∏mSv AXv

F∂pw \ne-\n¬°-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. taf-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu teJ\w io]q¿Æ-X-bo-i-

t‚bpw io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-s‚bpw s]cp-h-\Øv

Cc-´-b-∏-s‚bpw Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ hn\-b-]p-c-

cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

ùMr OqîMem£e MjCX!DÿoevùhYgabû MjCcÖh¥e

DÿoevX cueoevXSnâebqóbgX bôËfkcemèfw Mem£eXheöfaveëvgyÀfòªg vëègÿ“DÿoevX” HçfanTx Goejceãf mXYebv sòÖgk. mXYebvkW Y©pv~ägsëahjfw “SzaøebxsczÜe”ãgX DÖh¥ ambemcflfTx vwkebgÿleCx.

75


sN≠-ap-WvUm-kp-c≥! B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥

(Ihn, Km\-c-N-bn-Xmhv)

"sNØw' (i-_vZw) F∂ hm°n¬ \n∂sX

sN≠bp≠m-b-Xv. "]Xn-s\- p-hm-Zyhpw sN≠-bv°p-

Xmsg'sb∂ ]g-s©m√pw Cu sNØ-Øns‚

Kmwò-cysØ AYhm D®-ÿm-bnsb DZvtLm-jn-

°p-∂-Xm-Imw.

ssIemkw ssIøn-se-SpØv AΩm-\-am-Sn-b-

t∏mƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® tLmc-i_vZ˛c-hw-˛-Øn¬

\n∂mWv "cmh-W≥' F∂ t]cv Akp-c-cm-P-\p-≠m-

b-XsX! AXp-t]msebmWv sN≠bv°pw Hcp

"Akp-cXzw' A\-`n-⁄¿ Iev]n-®p-\¬In-b-Xv.

F¥m-bmepw, Fß-s\-bm-bmepw "sN≠-sIm-´pI'

F∂ hm°n\v A_≤w ]nWbpIsb∂pw, "sN≠-

sIm-ń-°pI'sb∂-Xn\v hnj-an-∏n-°p-I-sb∂pw,

"sN≠Ø'sa∂-Xn\v t`mj-Ø-sa-∂p-sams°

"i_vZ-Xm-cm-hen' A¿∞w ]d-™p-sh-®n-cn-°p-tºm-

se, sN≠sb Akp-c-K-W-Øn¬s∏Sp-Øn-b-hs\

"sN≠'s\∂p (a-≠≥) Xs∂ \ap-°p-hn-ti-jn-∏n-

°mw.

""sIm´pw ASnbpw sN≠bv°v

]´pw hfbpw amcm¿°v''

F∂v Rm≥, ]g-s©m¬ tIm¿sØmcp ]m´p-c-Nn®v

Kmb-I≥ DÆn-ta-t\m-s\-s°m≠v ]≠v ]mSn-®n-´p-

≠v. ]mhw sN≠ \Ω-f-Xns\ Akp-c-\m°n Ah-

tl-fn-®p. IjvSw! hmkvX-h-Øn¬ sN≠, Akp-

ct\m? AtXm tZh-t\m, a\p-jyt\m? Ah-\-≤-

hm-Zy-amb (N¿a-hm-Zyw) "sN≠' Akp-c-\p-a√, kpc-

\p-a√, a\p-jy-K-W-Øn¬s∏- -Xm-sW-∂mWv Fs‚

]£w.

""aSn-bn¬ tN¿Øp -tN-Wm¿∂ ań-ew-Kp-eo-hn-àw

XpS-cth

cmKw Imó-Sp∂p hn]©nI''

F∂v hoWsb hmgvØn Ihn ]mSn-b-Xp-t]m-se˛

""tXmfn¬ tN¿Øp tNem¿∂-a-ń˛

ewKpeo hnàw XpS-cth

`mhw Imó-Sp∂p sN≠-bmƒ''

F∂v F¥p-sIm≠v \ap°v ]pI-gvØn-∏-d-™p-IqSm?

a\p-jy≥ Hcp \nanjw Ien-Xp≈n Ae-dn-bm¬

Ahs\ Akp-c-s\∂v Bsc-¶nepw \n\-bv°ptam?

sNØw amX-a√ sN≠. sNØw tIƒ∏n-

°p-∂-sX√mw sN≠-bp-a-√, an∂p-∂-sX√mw s]m∂-

s√-∂-t]m-se. ]m´bpw ]S-°-hp-sam∂pw \mw hmZy-

ambn FÆm-dn-√-t√m.

hcn -°-πm -hns‚˛ sIm∂, Icn -ßm-en,

sNºIw Bhmw ˛ ImX¬ If™ Ip‰n. Imf-

tØm¬ hcn™ h´w. h°p-I-b¿ ]mInb ]¥≠p

Zzmcw. Cuc≠v Cg-Iƒ tIm¿Ø IpØp-hm¿.

IpØp-hm-dns‚ ÿm\-t`-Z-ßƒ sN≠-sb∂ tIc-

f-Øns‚ D’-h_nw_Øn\v (a-lm-Ihn Hf∏-a-Æ-

bpsS hnti-j-Ww) a\pjy

kl-P-amb hnImc`mj-bpsS \h-c-k-kz-c-t -Z-ßƒ,

P∑\m \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

tZl_‘w t\m°n-bm¬ sN≠, ""Benw-

Ky-Ønepw'' hmZy-\n-e-bn¬ ""Du¿[-I-Ønepw''

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. kzmXn-ap-\n-bpsS hymJym-\-Øn¬

Benw-tKym¿[-I-ßƒ°v bYm-Iaw sFcm-h-W-˛-

X-UnXv taL-\m-Z-ß-fm-Wv.

CS -¥eh°Øv hnc¬ Du∂p∂"W'

Imchpw (Imw), \Sp-hn¬ \mep hnc¬ tN¿Øp-

sIm-´p∂ "[nw' Imchpw (Kpw), \Sp°v ssI∏Sw

Ncn®v sIm´p∂ Nmepw (Ø), ]Sw IagvØn

sIm´p∂ s]mØpw (t[mw) tNcp-tºmƒ "Øt[mw-

Kpw°mw' F∂mWv \mZw. Cu "ssIØmcn'Iƒ

H∂pwXs∂ cmh-W-c-h-a√ Db¿Øp-∂-sX∂v Ic-

tfm¿°p∂ Iem-kzm-Z-I\v Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.


76

ip≤-kw-Ko-X-Øn\v AI-º-Sn-bmbn ]°-Øn-

cn-°p∂ ""]°-ta-f''-am-bmWv Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ as‰-

hn-sSbpw hn\y-kn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn-

em-I-s´, Ipdp-¶p-g-ens\ apºn¬ Ipºn-Sp-hn-®v, kwKo-

XsØ t]mj-I-am°n "]°m-taf'amhp∂ kzX-¥-

XmfhmZy-Ie \ap°p kz¥-am-Wv.

]©-Ime ]©mcn ]mSp∂ sN≠, tXm¬∏-

‰m¿∂ ssIØ-tem-S-em¬ emky-kp-µc\mZm-\p-

`hw \¬Ip∂ ck-cm-P≥ Xs∂-bs√?

F∂m¬, Iqń-s∏-cp°n (sIm-ep-ºn) \mep-

Im-e-Øn¬, \mZ-K-cn-a-s]-øp∂ "]m≠n' sN≠-bpsS

]ucp-j-am-Wv. sX√v AXn-i-tbm‡n Ie¿Øn-

bm¬, sN≠ "]©mcn'bn¬ \n∂v "]m≠n'bn

te°v "kmXznI'Øn¬ \n∂v "cmPk'Ønte-°p≈

`mh-Zqcw ]men-°p-∂p. sN≠-sb∂ Htcb¥w

Xs∂-bmWv c≠p coXn Ah-ew-_n-°p-tºmƒ,

c≠p `mh-Øn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv.

Xmb-º-I-sb-Sp-Øp-t\m-°q. ]Xn-Im-e-Ønepw

Iqdnepw ]mSp∂ sN≠-b√ GI-Xm-f-Øns‚ \mep-

L- -ß-fn-embn Ae-dp∂ sN≠. Hcp ]s£ sN≠-

bpsS bYm¿∞ Akp-c-kz-`mhw Xmb-º-I-bpsS

XrXob]mZ-amb GI-Xm-f-Øn-emWv hy‡-am-Ip-

∂-X v . amcm¿, GI-Xm -f -L-´ -Øn¬ I\Ø

t\¿tIm¬ hn\ymkw \S-Øp-tºm-gmWv, cuZ-ò-a-

\mbn As√-¶n¬ cm£-k-cm-h-W-\mbn sN≠

Ae-dp-∂-Xv.

irwKmc-∏-Z-am-Sp∂ thf-bn¬ IrjvW≥Ipń

s∏mXp-hmfns‚ h≠p aqfp∂ sN≠-sb-ßs\

Akp-c-\mIpw? At∏mƒ sN≠ kzX-th, Akp-c-

\-√. AXn-s\ GtXXp `mh-ß-fn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-

∂pthm, AXXp ka-b-ß-fn¬ sN≠ AXXp

hnImc]I-S -\ -ßƒ \S -Øp∂psh∂XmWv

bmYm¿∞yw. \f-N-cn -X-am -Sp∂ \S-\p -th≠

"irwKmcw' ]I-cm\pw, GI-Xmf Iem-i-Øns‚

lp¶mcw apg-°m\pw sN≠-bv°mhpw ˛ hmZy-°m-

cs‚ ssh`-hm-\p-k-c-Ww.

\h-c-k-ß-fm-Sp∂ \Ss‚ mhm-hn-jv°m-c-ß-

sfm-s°bpw sN≠-bv°p-am-hpw. "sNØw' apg-°m≥

amX-a√ NnØw ab-°m\pw sN≠bv°p ]‰pw ˛

tXm¬∏-‰p≈ ssIbn¬ AXv kwb-an-bm-hpw.

tIm¬∏-‰p≈ ssIbn¬ tIma-chpw.

CS-¥-e-˛-h-e-¥es®≠-Ifpw IY-I-fn-˛-ta-f-˛-

Xm-b-º-I-s®-≠-I-fp-sams° \mZ-Øns‚ \h-c-k-

cpNnt`Z-ß-fm-Wv \ap°v ]I-cp-∂-Xv.

irwKmcw cXnbpw, lmkyw lmkhpw,

IcpWw timIhpw, cuZw tIm[hpw, hocw D’m-

lhpw, `bm-\Iw `bhpw, _o`’w PpKp-]vkbpw,

A¤pXw hnkva-bhpw, im¥w ia-hp-ambn, a\p-

jy-\n¬ ]I-Sn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse, sN≠-bn¬

]tbm-‡m-hns‚ at\m-[¿Ω-a-\p-k-cn®pamXw \mZ-

`m-h-ßƒ ]I-Sn-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.

]tbm-‡mhv GXp at\m-hn-Im-c-am-tWm at\m-

[¿Ω-ambn sN≠-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂Xv, sN≠

AXp-ambn XmZm-flyw ]m]n®v AtX-hn-Im-c-tØmsS

]Xn-I-cn-°p-I -am-X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

t\¿tIm-ens‚ ]pcp-j-Xzhpw Dcp-fns‚

kvssXW-Xbpw Hs° amcm-cpsS at\m-[¿Ω-am-

sW∂v Npcp-°w. adn®v Ah sN≠-bpsS sNØ-

io-e-ß-f-√. AXp-sIm≠v Akp-c-\√ sN≠-sb∂v

\ap°v C\n sImń-tLm-jn-°mw. FXn¿]m-´p- ]m-

Sp∂ Ipbn-en-s\-t∏mse at\m-[¿Ω-sa∂ amcmsc

A\p-I-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-K-W-Øn¬ X-s∂-bm-hs´

Cu ae-bm-f-hm-Zy-hn-ti-j-Øn\pw ÿm\w.

sN≠ Akp-c-\-√, A√

sN≠ Aa-c-\mWv

Aa-c-\mb \c-\mWv!

B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥ :˛ ‡n-Km-\-c-N\ cwKsØ AK-K-Wy≥. ""lcn-h-cm-k\w'' ]pc-kv°mctPXm-

hv. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥.

77


taf-ta-Xm-bm-epw...... sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥

t£X-ß-fmepw t£tXm-’-h-ß-fmepw

kº-∂-amb tIc-fsØ ""ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w

\msS∂v'' Btcm hnti-jn-∏n®p ˛ XnI®pw kzm`m-

hn-Iw. ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-I-fn¬

]Np-c-ß-fmb taf-ßsf tZhm-kpc ]Ir-X-Øns‚

t]cn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Hcp iaw ˛ Xo¿Øpw

Akzo-Im-cyw. BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-tfm-sS-bp≈

Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p -I-fn¬ AI-º-Sn -bm-Ip∂ taf-

ßƒ°pw Bkp-c-]-cn-th-jtam?

taf-ß-fn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-fsØ ""tZh-hmZyw''

F∂pw, ]m≠n-ta-fsØ ""Akp-c-hm-Zy-''sa∂pw hnti-

jn-∏n-°-s∏- p-h-cp-∂p. c≠p taf-ß-fp-tSbpw kº-

Zm-b-ß-fnepw ]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn-epap≈ hyXn-bm-\-ß-

fsX Cu h¿Ko-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. ]s£

km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mb Hcmkzm-Z-I\v tNmZn-°m-\p-

≈Xv ]e tNmZy-ß-fmWv. ]m≠n-tafw Iq´n-s∏-cp-

°n-s°m-≠m-cw- n-°p-tºmƒ, ]©m-cn-tafw ]Xn-™m-

cw- n-°p∂p AYhm apdp-Inb ]IrXw ]m≠nsb

Akp-c-hm-Zy-am-°p∂p Fs∂mcp kqN-\. F∂m¬

[pX-Xc ]tbmKw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn\pw A\y-a-√.

""Ipºn- p≈'' L\-ta-dnb A©mw Ime-Ønse Xodp-

I-emiw ]ns∂-sb-¥mWv? Xs∂-bpa√ ]©m-cn-

bnse apdp-°n-s°m- ¬ C∂p bphm-°-fpsS lc-ambn

amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pIbs√?

]©m-cn-tafw km[m-c-W-bmbn Hcp ssIøpw

Hcp tImepw sIm≠mWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. ""tXm¬∏-

‰p≈'' CSw-ssI-tø-Ip∂ i_vZ-am-[pcyw ]©m-cn°v

tZh-hm-Zy-—mb \¬°p-∂p-s≠-∂mWv kqN-\.

F¶n¬ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn-se-∂-t]mse c≠p-tIm¬

D]-tbm-Kn®p sIm´p∂ ]©m-cn-tafw (Kp-cp-hm-bq¿

]kn-≤w) tZh-hm-Zy-a-√m-Xm-Iptam?

]m≠n-tafw t£X-a-Xn¬°-IØv km[m-c-

W-bmbn sIm´m-dn-√. CsX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂Xv

DØcw In´mØ tNmZy--ambn F∂pw \ne-\n¬°pw.

]m≠n F∂- hm-°n\v hntZin F∂¿∞-ap -

s≠∂pw, kztZin A√mØXn\m-emWv t£Xm-

¶-W-ß-fn¬ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\v hne-°p-I-ev]n-°-s∏-

´n-´p-≈-sX∂pw Fhn-sStbm ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-I-≠p.

F∂m¬ hniz-]-kn-≤-amb Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ ]qc-

Øns‚ apJ-ap-Z-bmb ""Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw'' hS-°p-

∂mYs‚ t£X-a-Xn¬°I-ØmWv Ac-tß-dp-∂-

Xv. CsXm∂psIm≠p-amXw ]m≠n-tafw ssZho-I-

ambnØotc-≠-Xt√?

]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-\pw, ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn\pw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ hmZy-ß-sf√mw H∂pX-s∂-bm-Wv.

c≠p taf-ßfpw IrXy-amb A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬

A[n-jvTn-Xw. ]©m-cn°v Bdp A£-c-Im-e-sa-¶n¬,

]m≠n°v ]Xn -∂mep A£-c -Imew F∂

hyXymkw amXw. ]Xn-∂mep A£-c-Im-e-

Øn¬Øs∂ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb AS-¥tafsØ

Akp-c-hm-Zy-sa∂v Bcpw hnti-jn-∏n-®p-Im-Wp-∂n-

√. ]ns∂-ßns\ ]m≠n-tafw Akp-c-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-

Xmbn KWn-°-s∏´p? Bdm-s´-gp-s∂-≈n∏v XpS-

ßnb BNm-c-ßƒ°v AI-º-Sn-bm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xv

""\S-∏m≠n'' F∂ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Hcp hI-t`-Z-

am-Wv. Hckp-c-hm-Zy-amWv ]m≠n-tafw F¶n¬

CØcw BNm-c-ßƒ°v Fßns\ AXp D]-tbm-

Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p?. Ah-\≤ hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬

hnin-jvS-sa∂v sN≠sb hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-s≠-

¶nepw, sN≠-X-s∂ Hcp Akp-c-hm-tZym-]-I-c-W-

am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-hcpw C√m-Xn-√. IY-I-fn-bn¬

kvXo IYm-]m-X-ßƒ°v sN≠- hm-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-

∂Xv CXn-s\mcp DZm-l-c-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-


78

°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ IY-I-fn-bn¬Øs∂ Ah-Xm-

cw, Ai-cocn apXemb hninjvS kµ¿`-ßƒ°v

sN≠-bpsS hew-X-e-am-‰p-Iq-´p-∂p NS-ßp-I-fnse

tkm]m-\Øv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√ F¶nepw Ie-iw,

io`q-X-_en apX-emb thf-I-fn¬ hmZy-ß-fn¬

][m\n sN≠-X-s∂. C°mcyw ChnsS ]kvXm-

hn-®Xv sN≠-Xs∂ Hcp Akp-c-hm-Zy-a-s√-∂n-cn-

s°, sN≠ ]mamWyw hln-°p∂ taf-ßƒ°n-S-

bnse th¿Xn-cn-hn\v \ne-\n¬∏n√ F∂v ka¿∞n-

°p-hm-\m-Wv.

Nn¥-Iƒ Hcp aq∂v ]Xn-‰m≠v ]pd-tIm´p

t]mIp-∂p. Hcp alm-t£-X-Øns‚ D’-hm-tLm-

j-amWv kµ¿`w. ]K-¤-cmb c≠p Iem-Im-c-∑m-

cpsS Xmb-º-I. t£Xm-¶-WØn¬ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ

\S-Øp-hm-\p≈ hn]p-e-amb k÷o-I-c-W-ßƒ

D≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Xmb-ºI \S-°p-∂Xv aXn-

en\p ]pd-Øm-Wv. Imc-W-sa-s¥-∂t√? B t£X-

Øns‚ BNm-ca\pk-cn®v Xmb-ºI Hcp Akp-c-

hm-Zy-asX! AXn-\m¬ Xmb-º-IbpsS ÿm\w

aXn¬°p-]p-dØv! ]s£ a‰p ]e t£X-ß-fnepw

Fgp-s∂-≈n∏p ka-bØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hmZy-

cq-]-amWv Xmb-ºI F∂Xv ChnsS hnkva-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iem-t]-an-I-fpsS DZy-a-Øm¬

Xmb-ºI Cu t£X-Øn¬ aXn¬°-IØv Xs∂

sImń-Øp-Sßn ˛ amXr-Im-]-c-amb Hcp ]cn-i-aw.

Xmb-ºI Hcp Akp-c-hm-Zy-sa-¶n¬ hmtZym-]-I-c-

W-ß-fn¬ _m“Wyw Iev]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈, D]-\-

b-\m-Zn-Iƒ \S-Ø-s∏-´p-t]m-cp∂ angm-hn¬ Xmb-

ºI sIm´m≥ km≤y-X-bn-√. Akp-c-`m-h-Øns‚

\n¿h-N\w Chn-sSbpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ie-Iƒ

k¿∆-hym-]vX-ß-fm-Wv. ]pcmW IY-I-fn¬ tZh-k-

Z- nepw, Akp-c-k-Z- nepw Iem-cq-]-ßƒ Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Akpc kZ- p-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®n-cp∂ kpIp-amc Ie-Isf Akp-c-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-

sX∂v Bcpw ]d-™p-tI-ń-ń-√. ]ns∂-¥n\p al-

Ømb \ΩpsS Cu taf-k-º-Øns\ C√mØ Hcp

tZhm-kp-c-Xz-Øns‚ t]cn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°Ww?.

Bkp-c-]-Ir-X-Øns‚ t]cn-e-s√-¶nepw

Nº, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, [phw apX-emb A]q¿∆-

ta-f-ßfpw, BNm-c-]-c-amb hne-°p-I-fpsS t]cn¬

Nne t£X-ß-fn¬ sIm´m-dn-√. ][m\ taf-

Øn\ptijw sNº-S°p ]Icw AS-¥-bn¬ hI-

sIm-ń-b-Xn\v Hcp taf-]-am-Wn°v t£X-Øn¬

]ng-b-S-t°-≠n-h∂ Hcp kw`hw Hm¿Ω-h-cp-∂p.

Adn-hp≈ Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Zu¿e`yw aqew

A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-

s°, CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬

tZmjw amXta sNøp-I-bp-≈q.

\ap-°n-∂m-hiyw Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS \ne-

\n¬∏m-Wv. hcpw Xe-ap-d-bn-te-°p≈ Ah-bpsS

kpc-£n-X-amb ssIam-‰-am-Wv. Bkzm-Z-I-cn-s√-¶n¬

Ie°v \ne-\n¬∏n√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, ]Nm-

c-ap≈ ]©mcn, ]m≠n taf-ßƒ°pw, ]©-hm-Zy-

Øn\pw, Xmb-º°pw ]pdta A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßfpw

t£X-ßfn¬ sIm´Ww; Bfp -Iƒ Ah

sImńt°ƒ°-Ww. bmYm -ÿn -XnI Nn¥-

Iƒ°mWv ChnsS hne°p I¬∏n-t°-≠-Xv, taf-

cq -]-ßƒ°-√. c≠p-t\cw Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p -≈,

At©m, Gtgm, ]tØm Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂

D’-h-ß-fn¬ GXm\pw kµ¿`-ß-sf-¶nepw Cu

A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ°mbv \o°n hbv°p-hm≥ Iem-

t]-an-Iƒ ap≥ssI-sø-Sp-°-Ww. F¶n¬ amXta

taf-ßƒ°v \ne-\n¬∏p-≈q.

""taf-ta-Xm-bmepw, ta∑-bp-≠m-bm¬ aXn''

F∂-Xm-Is´ \ΩpsS apZm-hm-Iyw.

sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥ :˛ Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Ccn-ßm-e-°pS kztZ-in. tP¿W-en-k-Ønepw IΩyq-

Wn-t°-j-\nepw _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncp-Z-ßƒ. sslZ-c-_m-Znse ]i-kvX-amb Hcp k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬

Db¿∂ DtZym-Kw. Iem-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ kPoh ]h¿Ø-\w. amXr-`q-an, FIvkv]-kv, lnµp-

ÿm≥ ssSwkv, Zn lnµp, C¥y≥ FIvkv]-kv, \yqkv ssSw XpS-ßnb B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬ 150-˛-tesd

teJ-\-ßƒ. sXepKp k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS Kth-jW ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ teJ-\w. tP¿W-en-k-Øn¬

Ipe-]Xn kph¿W-ap-Z, Sn.-sI.-Fw. dmhp Ahm¿Uv XpS-ßnb ]pc-kv°m-c-ßƒ.

79


365 Znhkw `‡sc ImØpc£n°p∂

`Khm≥ XmacwIpfßc io [¿ΩimkvXmhns\

h¿jØn¬ Hcn°¬ Fgp∂≈n°ptºmƒ AXv

cmPIob s]uVntbmsS cmP\Kcnbn¬

tZi\mY≥ io ]q¿WXbois‚ A\pKl

Øm¬ Hcp cmPIpamcs\ t]mse BhWw F∂

hn\bs‚ `mjbmWv XmacIpfßc aIchnf

°n\p ]pXnsbmcp ]cnthjw \¬InbXv. B\

`m¥pw taf`m¥pw Dƒs∏sS D’h`m¥v aqØ

Hcp ]‰w ]h¿ØIcpsS

D’mlw IqSnbmbt∏mƒ

BKlßƒ Hmtcm∂mbn

XmacwIpfßcbn¬ Ac

tßdn. D‰pt\m°m\pw amXr

Ibm°m\pw DØaamb hr›n

tIm’hw D≈t∏mƒ FhnsS

\n∂pw XpSßWw F∂Xn¬

Aø∏ tkhm kanXn°v

sX√pw kwiban√mbncp∂p.

BZyw ]©hmZyw Bcw`n®p.

]©mcntafØn\pw ]m≠n

tafØn\pw ]K¤¿ AWn

\nc∂p. XpS¿∂v B\t]an

IfpsS lcamb awKemwIp∂v

KW]Xn F∂ KPtIkcnsb

aIchnf°p\mƒ Fgp∂≈n®p. io ]q¿WXboi

s‚bpw io [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚bpw A\pKl

Øm¬ IÆn\pw ImXn\pw Ipfn¿ΩbmIp∂ Hcp

D’h]mcºcyØn\v XmacwIpfßcbn¬

\mµnbmbn.

Fßns\bmWv ]pXnb am‰ßƒ `‡

P\ßfnte°v FØn°p∂Xv F∂v Nn¥n®

t∏mgmWv Zn\]Xßfn¬ hniZamb coXnbn¬

hm¿ØIƒ ]kn≤oIcn°phm≥ kanXn

Xocpam\n®Xv. CXns‚ ^eambmWv Xmacw

Ipfßcbv°v kz¥sa∂v AhImis∏Smhp∂

“tafXbw” F∂ ]Zw D¤hn®Xv! 1996

(sIm√h¿jw 1172)se aIchnf°v Znhkw

]pdØndßnb amXr`qan Zn\]XØnemWv

BZyambn XmacwIpfßc tafXbw F∂ ]Zw

]kn≤oIcn®Xv. B h¿jamWv ]I¬∏qcØn\v

AIºSnbmbn ]©hmZyhpw Bcw`n®Xv. cmhnse

\S°p∂ iothen°p AIºSnbmIp∂ ]©mcn

tafw, D® Xncn™v \S°p∂ ]I¬∏qcØns‚

]©hmZyw, cmXn \S°p∂ hnf°n\v sImgp-t∏-

Ip∂ ]m≠ntafw F∂o hmZytafßsfbmWv

tafXbw F∂v ]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. ]e

t£Xßfnepw Cu aq∂v hmZytafßfpw Htc

Znhkw Xs∂ AhXcn∏n°s∏Smdps≠¶nepw

Ch aq∂pw AXns‚Xmb imkvXobXtbmsS

AhXcn∏n°s]Sp∂p F∂XmWv XmacwIpfßc

tafXbØns‚ khntijX.

tafXbamWv XmacwIpfßc aIchnf°n\v

AXns‚Xmb s]uVnbpw `wKnbpw ssIhcn°p

XmacwIpfßc tafXbw IrjvW-\mYv hn.


80

hm≥ klmbIamb ][m\

LSIw. aIchnf°v Znhkw

t£XØn¬ hmZytafßf√msX

a‰v Iem]cn]mSnIƒ AhXcn∏n

°s]SpI \t∂ hncfamWv.

io ]q¿WXbois‚ hr›n

tIm’hØn\v tijw Xr∏qWn

Øpdbn¬ imkvXobamb IW

°pItfmsS AhXcn∏n°s]Sp∂

]©mcn tafamWv tafXbØns‚

BZy C\w. XmacwIpfßc t£

XØn¬ sImSntbdn D’hw

Bcw`n®Xv apX¬ cmhnse

iothen°v ]©mcnbmWv ]Xnhv.

io kZ\w ZnhmIcamcmcpsS ]amWØn¬

\S∂ncp∂ tafØn\v ]mgq¿ ZmtamZcamcm¿,

]p∂bv°¬ _meIrjvWamcm¿, amfntb°¬

tKmhnµamcm¿, tXtcmgn¬ cmaIpdp∏v XpSßnb

]K¤¿ ]s¶Sp°mdp≠mbncp∂p. tafXbambn

Bcw`n®Xn\p tijamWv imkvXob coXnbn¬

aqt∂ap°m¬ aWn°qtdmfw \o≠p\n¬°p∂

XcØn¬ ]©mcntafw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

cmhnse 9 aWntbmsS Bcw`n°p∂ iothen°v

`Khms‚ XnSºv Gdptºmƒ taf]amWw

hln°p∂ io kZ\w ZnhmIcamcm¿ Imew

\ncØpIbmbn. Xrt∏°pfw A®pXamcm¿,

N°wIpfw A∏pamcm¿ XpSßnb almcY∑m¿ ]e

h¿jßfn¬ ]©mcntafØn\v ]amWw

hln®n´p≠v. 120 Hmfw IemImc∑m¿ ]s¶Sp°p∂

tafØn¬ s]cph\w kXoi\pw ]gphn¬

cLphpamWv Ipd®p Imeßfmbn ZnhmIc

amcm¿°v hew CSambn \n∂v tafsØ

]cnt]mjn∏n°p∂Xv. s]cph\w Ip´≥ amcm¿,

sNdpt»cn Ip´≥ XpSßnb bphXeapdbnse

Xnfßp∂ a‰p Xmcßfpw XmacwIpfßc

]©mcntafØn¬ ]s¶SpØn´p≠v. tafØn\v

]pIgvs]‰ A∏pXbØnse c≠mw Xeapdbnse

AwKßƒ Hcpan® v ChnSsØ thZnbn¬

kwKan®Xv `Khms‚ \n›bamhmw!

]©mcntafØns‚ BZy aq∂v Imeßfpw

Htc ÿeØv h®v AhXcn∏n°p∂p F∂

khntijX XmacwIpfßcbnep≠v. shbn¬

A[nIw G¬°msX apgph≥ tafIemImc

∑m¿°pw \nesIm≈m\mhp∂Xpw tafØns‚

sImgp∏v h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. A©mwImeØns‚

Ipgadn™ Iemiw BIptºmgtØ°pw BkzmZ

I¿ aXn ad∂v tafIemImc∑m¿°v ]pjv]hrjvSn

\SØp∂Xpw ChnSpsØ ]tXyIXbmWv.

tIcfØnse H∂mwInS KPhoc∑m¿

`Khms‚ XnStº‰p∂Xv BkzmZI¿°v taf

Øns‚ ihW kpJtØmsSm∏w \b\kpJhpw

\¬Ip∂p. Ign™ h¿jw ]XnImew Ipg

adn™t∏mƒ c≠v IrjvW]cp¥pIƒ t£X

Øns‚ hm\hoYnbn¬ h´an´v ]d∂Xv `‡n

tbmsS Hm¿°p∂p. AXv `Khms‚ kwXr]vXn

Adnbn®p sIm≠p≈ hnfw_camsW∂Xn¬

sX√pw kwiban√!

tafw Bcw`n°p∂ kabØv Hcp taf

IemImcs\ BZcn°p∂Xpw F√m hmZyßfp

sSbpw ]amWnam¿°v HmW]pSh \¬Ip∂Xpw

ChnSpsØ Hcp NSßmWv. hmZytafßfneqsS

XmacwIpfßcbpsS ]ikvXn hmt\mf

apb¿Ønb, XnI™ A¿∏Wt_m[tØmsS

hmZytafßsf kº∂am°nb IemImc∑msc

BZcnt°≠Xv Hcp DØchmZnXambmWv kanXn

I≠Xv. 1997¬ jjvSy_vZ]q¿Øn BtLmjn®

81


hntijthfbn¬ taf]amWn io kZ\w

ZnhmIcamcm¿°v kz¿Æ]X°w \¬InbmWv,

Xr∏qWnØpd \Kcnbn¬ BZyambn hmZy

tafIemImc∑msc BZcn°p∂ NSßn\v

XmacwIpfßc thZnbmbXv. bi:icoc\mb

]WvUnXcXv\w Pn. hniz\mYi¿Ωsb D]lmcw

kΩm\n°p∂ ZuXyw BZc]q¿∆w G¬∏n®p

sIm≠v Aø∏ tkhm kanXn XßfpsS DØc

hmZnXw \ndth‰n XpSßn. XpS¿∂p≈ h¿j

ßfn¬ apt≠-ºn≈n _me-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿, ]∏pÆn

]Wn-°¿, Ip∂Øv ]ctaizc≥ \mb¿, aWnb

ºdºn¬ Ip©p\mb¿, Xrt∏Ipfw A®ypXamcm¿,

s]cph\w kXoi≥ amcm¿, tN¿∏v aWn, a®mSv

aWnIWvT≥, Iogq´v \µ\≥, Xr∏qWnØpd

cRvPnXv. _n. amcm¿ F∂o tafIemImc∑msc

XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn “io

[¿ΩimkvXm” ]pckv°mcw \¬In BZcn®n´p≠v.

D® Xncn™v aq∂caWntbmsSbmWv

]I¬∏qcw Fgp∂≈n∏v Bcw`n°p∂Xv. \mep

aWntbmsS t£XØns‚ ap≥hiØv ]tXyIw

Xømdm°nb ]¥enemWv ]©hmZyw Actß

dpI. bixicoc\mb tNm‰m\n°c \mcmbW

amcmcpsSbpw io sN¿∏p≈t»cn inhs‚bpw

t\XrXzØnemWv 1996¬ ]©hmZyw Bcw`n®Xv.

\mcmbWamcmcpsS Imetijw io tNm‰m\n°c

hnPb\mWv ]©hmZyØn\v ]amWw hln°p

∂Xv. ]©hmZyØn\v B[nImcnIamb Xriq¿

]qcØnse XncphºmSn˛]mdta°mhv hn`mKß

fnse ]amWnam¿ XmacwIpfßcbn¬ H∂n

°p∂p F∂Xv A`nam\]q¿∆w kanXn ImWp∂p.

]XnImew apX¬ CSImew hsc Htc ÿeØv

\n∂v AhXcn∏n°p∂p F∂XmWv Xmacw

Ipfßc ]©hmZyØns‚ ]tXyIX. ChnsS

]©hmZyw Bcw`n®v Npcpßnb h¿jßƒ

°p≈n¬ Xs∂ tIcfØnse ]©hmZy

t]anIfpsS a\ n¬ Ipdn®nSs∏´ Znhkambn

aIcw 1. XmacwIpfßc ]©hmZyw F∂dnbs∏´p

XpSßnbtXmsS \mSns‚ \m\mZn°pIfn¬

\n∂pw \nch[n ]©hmZyt]anIƒ aIchnf°p

\mƒ XmacwIpfßcbn¬ kwKan®p XpSßn.

cmXn ]ØctbmsS Bcw`n°p∂ hnf°n

\mWv ]m≠ntafw ActßdpI. ]m≠ntafØn\v

apt∂mSnbmbn tIfn, sImºv]‰v, Ipg¬]‰v F∂nh

hnf°mNmcØns‚ `mKambn \S°p∂p. XpS¿∂v

sNºStafØns‚ AIºSntbmsS t£X\Shgn

bneqsS Fgp∂≈p∂ `Khm\v I¿∏qcZo]

Imgv®bpw ]pjv]hrjvSnbpw \SØn `‡¿

Bfl\n¿hrXn t\Sp∂p.

t£XaXn¬s°ń\IØv ]thin®v

B¬Ødbv°cpIn¬ h®mWv s]cph\w

kXois‚ ]amWØn¬ ]m≠ntafw sImń

Iemin°p∂Xv. shfpØ ]´vIpSItfm, shfpØ

XgItfm NqSnb KPhoc∑m¿,

sh¥shfns®ÆbpsS hmk\

bn¬ IØnsbcnbp∂ ap∏¥

aS°ap≈ ]¥ßƒ F∂nh Hcp

]tXyIm¥co£w Xs∂ aIc

XWp∏n¬ krjvSn°p∂p. sImep

º¬, ss`chncmKØnep≈ Ipdpw

Ipg¬ hmZ\tØmsSbp≈ ]Xn

Imew, BthiØns‚ D®ÿmbn

seØp∂ apńt∑tedp∂ Imew

F√mw Xs∂ BkzmZI a\ n¬

ÿm\w ]nSn°p∂p.

Cc´tImep]tbmKn®p≈

tafßfn¬ ]Yaÿm\Øv


82

IrjvW-\mYv hn. :˛ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kan-Xn-bpsS

kPoh ]h¿Ø-I≥. aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-I-Ωn‰n I¨ho-\¿.

\n¬°p∂ ]m≠ntafsØ Bkpcsa∂v

]Xn]mZn®v t£XØn\IØv AhXcn∏n°p∂

]Xnhn√. B¬Ød km[mcW t£X]mIm

cßƒ°v ]pdØmsW∂Xv sIm≠v Xmacw

Ipfßcbn¬ B¬Ødbv°cpInemWv ]m≠n

tafw \S°pI. ]m≠ntafw Iemin°p ∂tXmsS

ASpØ h¿jsØ Hcp°ßƒ Bcw`n®v sIm≠v

XmacwIpfßc tafXbØn\v ]cnkam]vXn

bmhpIbmbn.

BkzmZIcpsS AIagn™

t]m’ml\hpw hmZytafIem

Imc∑mcpsS XnI™ Bflm¿

∞XtbmsSbp≈ A¿∏W

t_m[hpw k¿t∆m]cn `Khm≥

io ]q¿WXbois‚bpw Xmacw

Ipfßc io [¿ΩimkvXmhn

s‚bpw A\pKlm»n pIfmWv

XmacwIpfßc tafXbsØ

tIcfØn\IØpw ]pdØpw

]ikvXam°n am‰p∂Xv!!! F√m

IemImc∑mtcbpw, BkzmZ

Itcbpw, AhcpsS IpSpw_mwKß

tfbpw F√mhn[ BbpcmtcmKy

skuJyßfpw \¬In io ]q¿ÆXboi\pw io

[¿ΩimkvXmhpw A\pKln°s´ F∂v Bflm¿

∞ambn ]m¿∞n°p∂p. hcpw h¿jßfnepw

tafXbw ta¬°pta¬ ]ikvXn B¿÷n°pw

F∂v ]Xo£n°p∂p.

kzmantb icWaø∏!!!

XmacwIpfßc io [¿ΩimkvXm icWw!!!

io ltc \ax!!!

mVecf MjCXD’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬

svÖxbfäTgkW ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx.FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTx bBfheëeãf

Dqh¥fTebgÿleCx.

83


Cu h¿jsØ io [¿ΩimkvXm ]pckvImcw

io. t]mdmØv amcmØv Nµ-ti-J-c-am-cm¿°v

t]m-ImsX, Ime-ß-fpsS G‰n-®p-cp-°-ep-Iƒ `wKn-

bm-°p-hm≥ sIm®-\n-b≥ amcm¿°p≈ Ignhv ]iw-

k-\o-b-am-Wv. ]mc-º-cy-am-bn- mWv At±-l-Øn\v B

Ignhv kn≤n-®-Xv. cmP-`-c-W-Im-eØv t]mdmØv

amcmØv henb i¶-c-am-cm¿ sIm®n alm-cm-Pm-

hn¬ \n∂pw hoc-irw-Je t\Snb ]K-¤-\m-Wv.

t]mdmØv amcmØv Im¿Øym-b\n amcm-kym-

cmcpsSbpw amt°mØvamcmØv i¶-c≥am-cm-cp-

sSbpw aI-\mbn P\n® sIm®-\n-b≥amcm¿, t£X-

I-e-Iƒ A`y-kn®Xv amXp-e-\mb t]mdmØv

cma≥amcm-cpsS in£-W-Øn-em-Wv. ]øq-c-°mhv

]qcw, Ipa-c-©nd ]Øm-ap-Z-bw, Imhn¬ Im¿Øn-

I, F∂n-h°v ]pd-ta Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-

d, Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse ]kn≤ D’-

h-ßƒ°pw, ]qc-Øn\pw he-¥e ]am-Wn-bmbn

sIm®-\n-b≥amcm-cmWv D≠m-Ip-I. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-

c-bnse taf-Øn\v apS-ßmsX ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ io.

sIm®-\n-b≥amcm¿, Ign™ Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-e-

ambn he-¥e ]am-Wn-bm-Wv.

i¶-c-]p-cØv amcmØv cm[amcm-kym-cmWv

kl-[¿Ωn-Wn. cm[n-I, cXo-jv, cmPohv F∂n-h¿-

a°ƒ. cXo-jpw, cmPohpw _n.tImw ]T\w-I-gn™v

Ct∏mƒ t£X-]-hrØn-Iƒ sNøp-∂p.

]i-kvX-amb Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ ]qc-Øn\v Ime-

ß-fmbn ]md-ta-°mhv hn`m-K-Øn-emWv sIm®-\n-

b≥amcm¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. 2009- se ]qc-Øn\v ]md-

ta-°mhv tZhkzw hI kz¿Æ-∏-X-°-Øn\v A¿l-

\m-bXv io. sIm®-\n-b≥am-cm-cm-Wv.

io. Nµ-ti-J-c-am-cm¿°pw At±-l-Øns‚

IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcmKy

kuJy-ßfpw D≠m-I-s´-sb∂v io]q¿Æ-X-bo-i-

t\mSpw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-

t\mSpw Bflm¿∞-ambn ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

kzmantb ic-W-a-ø∏m!!!

taf-°-º-°m¿°n-S-bnepw taf-I-em-Im-c-

∑m¿°n-S-bnepw t]mdmØv sIm®-\n-b≥ F∂-dn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ io. t]mdmØv amcmØv Nµ-ti-J-c-am-

cm¿°mWv Cu h¿jsØ ""io[¿Ω-imkvXm''

]pc-kv°m-cw. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏mtkhm

kanXn h¿jw-tXmdpw \¬In-h-cm-dp≈ Cu ]pc-

kv°mcw hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ kan-Xn-

bpsS \µnbpw Ah¿°p≈ t]m’m-l-\hpw

BWv.

\nc-h[n taf-ßfnepw Xmb-º-I-fnepw he-

¥e ]am-Wn-bmbn sIm®-\n-b≥amcm¿ Xs‚

Ignhv sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. taf-Øns‚ BZy-h-km\w

D’m-l-tØm-sS, he-¥-e-bn¬ Xmfw tNm¿∂p-

makarajyothi 2010

Education