Malaysian Job Scenario TodayMalaysian Job Scenario Today马来西亚现今职业趋势马来西亚现今职业趋势

The Labour Market to 2010 and The Labour Market to 2010 and Beyond Beyond –– ““Skill ShortagesSkill Shortages””

朝向朝向 20102010 年及未来年及未来劳动力市场劳动力市场 ““缺乏在职技能缺乏在职技能””

Global Employment TrendGlobal Employment Trend全球受雇趋势全球受雇趋势

Decent job creation too slow in times of good Decent job creation too slow in times of good economic performanceeconomic performance经济发展表现良好 经济发展表现良好 - - 职业创新趋势缓慢职业创新趋势缓慢

Decent work deficit still largeDecent work deficit still large缺乏理想职业缺乏理想职业

Discrimination against young people, women Discrimination against young people, women and low-skilled workers and low-skilled workers 年轻人、妇女及低技能者受歧视年轻人、妇女及低技能者受歧视

~~International Labour OrganizationInternational Labour Organization

Employment TrendEmployment Trend(South-East Asia and the Pacific)(South-East Asia and the Pacific)

东南亚和太平洋受雇趋势东南亚和太平洋受雇趋势Job quality – social protection, social dialogue, Job quality – social protection, social dialogue, fundamental rights at work, hours of workfundamental rights at work, hours of work

职业质量 职业质量 - - 社会庇护与对谈、雇员基本权利、工作时间社会庇护与对谈、雇员基本权利、工作时间Invisible underemployment base on skills mismatch, Invisible underemployment base on skills mismatch, namely people taking jobs that do not make use of namely people taking jobs that do not make use of their skillstheir skills雇员本身技能与职业不相符雇员本身技能与职业不相符Severe disadvantages for young peopleSevere disadvantages for young people

年轻人严重缺乏优势年轻人严重缺乏优势Improving education enrolment ratesImproving education enrolment rates

提升入学率提升入学率

~~International Labour OrganizationInternational Labour Organization

Employment TrendEmployment Trend(South-East Asia and the Pacific)(South-East Asia and the Pacific)

东南亚和太平洋受雇趋势东南亚和太平洋受雇趋势Improving job quality in the agricultural sector and Improving job quality in the agricultural sector and development within the rural non-farm sectordevelopment within the rural non-farm sector

改善农业与乡区非农业职业质量改善农业与乡区非农业职业质量

Encouraging investment and job creationEncouraging investment and job creation 鼓励投资与职业创新鼓励投资与职业创新

Managing external and internal (rural to urban) migrationManaging external and internal (rural to urban) migration 乡区与城市间之移居管理乡区与城市间之移居管理

Formal sector growthFormal sector growth 正规部门之成长正规部门之成长

Child labourChild labour 儿童劳工儿童劳工

~~International Labour OrganizationInternational Labour Organization

Global CompetencyGlobal Competency世界竞争力世界竞争力

““A global-ready graduate is a person with a A global-ready graduate is a person with a grasp of global systems, global issues, the grasp of global systems, global issues, the dynamics of how things are interrelated and dynamics of how things are interrelated and interconnected in the world, and how society interconnected in the world, and how society can best address global issues.can best address global issues.””

““一个准备好迎向世界的大专生必须能够理解全球化一个准备好迎向世界的大专生必须能够理解全球化系统、制度和议题，能够认清且体悟国际事务间的相系统、制度和议题，能够认清且体悟国际事务间的相互联系与运作，并清楚了解社会可以如何更好地处理互联系与运作，并清楚了解社会可以如何更好地处理国际议题。国际议题。””

-Ron Moffatt, Director of the San Diego -Ron Moffatt, Director of the San Diego State State University International Student CenterUniversity International Student Center

Global CompetencyGlobal Competency世界竞争力世界竞争力

““The skills to listen, observe and The skills to listen, observe and evaluate, analyze, interpret, and evaluate, analyze, interpret, and relate.relate.””

““聆听、观察、评估、分析及相互连贯的技聆听、观察、评估、分析及相互连贯的技巧。巧。””

-Darla K. Deardorff, Director of Duke University-Darla K. Deardorff, Director of Duke University ’’s s International Education Administrators AssociationInternational Education Administrators Association

Global CompetencyGlobal Competency世界竞争力世界竞争力

““The ability to be fluent in at least one other The ability to be fluent in at least one other language, such as Spanish or Mandarin; fluency language, such as Spanish or Mandarin; fluency with e-commerce and the Internet; a well-versed with e-commerce and the Internet; a well-versed knowledge of geography; and, maybe most knowledge of geography; and, maybe most important, some knowledge of the political and important, some knowledge of the political and cultural history of one or two countries or cultural history of one or two countries or regions outside of Western Europe.regions outside of Western Europe.””

““必须能够口操至少一种流利外语，如：西班牙语或华必须能够口操至少一种流利外语，如：西班牙语或华语，熟悉网上贸易和互联网，具有良好的地理知识，或语，熟悉网上贸易和互联网，具有良好的地理知识，或许最重要的是：除了西欧，还认识一至二个其他国家或许最重要的是：除了西欧，还认识一至二个其他国家或区域的政治与文化历史。区域的政治与文化历史。””

-Carol Conway, Director of the Southern Global -Carol Conway, Director of the Southern Global Strategies CouncilStrategies Council

What Specific Skills do globally What Specific Skills do globally competent graduates have?competent graduates have?

大专生应具备的世界竞争力大专生应具备的世界竞争力InitiativeInitiative 自动自发、进取心自动自发、进取心EnthusiasmEnthusiasm 热忱、积极热忱、积极InquisitivenessInquisitiveness 好奇、爱钻研好奇、爱钻研Interest in continuous Interest in continuous learninglearning 持续学习持续学习CourageCourage 勇敢勇敢Self-relianceSelf-reliance 独立自主、信赖自己独立自主、信赖自己Self-confidenceSelf-confidence 自信自信Self-controlSelf-control 自我控制自我控制Self-knowledgeSelf-knowledge 自我了解自我了解Positive outlook toward Positive outlook toward adversityadversity 积极态度面对逆境积极态度面对逆境IndependenceIndependence 自立自立Appreciation of Diversity Appreciation of Diversity 珍惜、重视多元化珍惜、重视多元化

PerseverancePerseverance 坚持不懈坚持不懈CreativityCreativity 创造力创造力FlexibilityFlexibility 弹性、伸缩性弹性、伸缩性Comfort with UncertaintyComfort with Uncertainty

坦然面对未知坦然面对未知Open-mindednessOpen-mindedness 思想开放思想开放Language and Language and communication skillscommunication skills 语言与沟通语言与沟通技巧技巧AssertivenessAssertiveness 自信、干劲自信、干劲Sense of humorSense of humor 幽默幽默Resourcefulness and Resourcefulness and adaptabilityadaptability (most important (most important to employers according to a to employers according to a study by Michigan State study by Michigan State University)University) 资源丰富、适应力资源丰富、适应力

Who cares?Who cares? 谁在乎谁在乎 ??““All major hiring companies need global citizens. Global All major hiring companies need global citizens. Global sensitivities, global perspective, global insight; along with maturity sensitivities, global perspective, global insight; along with maturity and a capacity for risk-taking, are exactly the skills every major and a capacity for risk-taking, are exactly the skills every major organization is looking for organization is looking for –– in every industry. in every industry.””

““全球主要征聘公司需要全球化人民。各行各业所寻求的雇员在职技全球主要征聘公司需要全球化人民。各行各业所寻求的雇员在职技能包括对全球化的敏感度、远景及洞察力，当然还要有一定的成熟度能包括对全球化的敏感度、远景及洞察力，当然还要有一定的成熟度和冒险能力。和冒险能力。””

-Kevin Gill, Global Director of Staffing for Honeywell-Kevin Gill, Global Director of Staffing for Honeywell

““In the financial world, cultural awareness and cultural adeptness In the financial world, cultural awareness and cultural adeptness are far more important than undergraduate major or existing skill are far more important than undergraduate major or existing skill setssets…… These needs touch all industries, from banking to healthcare These needs touch all industries, from banking to healthcare to engineering.to engineering.””

““在金融界里，对于文化的醒觉和认识度远比大专生主修或现有的技在金融界里，对于文化的醒觉和认识度远比大专生主修或现有的技能更为重要。这个需求跨越各行业，从银行到健康护理到工程。能更为重要。这个需求跨越各行业，从银行到健康护理到工程。””

-Jonathan Jones, Firmwide Campus Recruiting -Jonathan Jones, Firmwide Campus Recruiting Director Director for Goldman Sachsfor Goldman Sachs

Powerful Forces Drive Powerful Forces Drive Human Capital PressuresHuman Capital Pressures驱动人力资本压力的强大力量驱动人力资本压力的强大力量

Human Capital人力资本

Retiring Baby Boomers第二世界大战后出生的人逐渐退休

Globally DeployedWork Force

全球性调动的劳动力

More TransientLabor Pool

较短暂的劳工群体

Shortening TechnologyLife Cycles

科技生命周期缩短

Acute Shortage of Skilled Workers高技能者严重缺乏

Movement to Knowledge Economy

知识经济运动

Human Capital Drives Corporate人力资本驱动企业

The Labour Market Employment TrendsThe Labour Market Employment Trends劳动力市场受雇趋势劳动力市场受雇趋势

What do we know of the Malaysian What do we know of the Malaysian demography?...... Question of labour supply.demography?...... Question of labour supply.

我们对大马人口统计了解有多少？劳工供应问题。我们对大马人口统计了解有多少？劳工供应问题。

Where and what are the labour demand Where and what are the labour demand issues?....... What importance will they playissues?....... What importance will they play??

劳工需求方面有哪些议题？它们将扮演哪些重要角色？劳工需求方面有哪些议题？它们将扮演哪些重要角色？Where precisely is the Malaysian labour market

heading?大马劳动力市场究竟朝向何方？大马劳动力市场究竟朝向何方？What are the timelines?有哪些合时势的计划与时限？有哪些合时势的计划与时限？Why should we be concerned?为何我们要关注？为何我们要关注？

WORKING POPULATION

劳动力

MARKET DEMAND

市场需求

BABY BOOMERS RETIRING

2002 2008

EVOLVING JOB MARKET 职业市场之进展和演变

Labour Force Statistics Labour Force Statistics 大马劳动力统计大马劳动力统计

Labour Force Statistics Labour Force Statistics 大马劳动力统计大马劳动力统计

Labour Force Participation Rates (LFPR) by Educational AttainmentLabour Force Participation Rates (LFPR) by Educational Attainment

根据教育程度区分的劳动力参与率根据教育程度区分的劳动力参与率

Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Educational AttainmentPercentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Educational Attainment

根据教育程度区分的受雇者百分率根据教育程度区分的受雇者百分率

Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Category of IndustryPercentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Category of Industry

根据行业区分的受雇者百分率根据行业区分的受雇者百分率

The The JobStreet.com Job Outlook 2008JobStreet.com Job Outlook 2008 survey sought to ask survey sought to ask employers about the job specializations they would require employers about the job specializations they would require in the new staff they hire.in the new staff they hire.

一项调查研究雇主在聘请员工时主要强调哪些专业技能。一项调查研究雇主在聘请员工时主要强调哪些专业技能。

Collectively for all industries, the top job specialization Collectively for all industries, the top job specialization wanted was marketing and business development, and this wanted was marketing and business development, and this was closed followed by mechanical engineering and was closed followed by mechanical engineering and specialization in computer and IT software.specialization in computer and IT software.

综合各行业来说，最受重视的专业技能包括市场行销和企业发展、机械工程、综合各行业来说，最受重视的专业技能包括市场行销和企业发展、机械工程、电脑与资讯工艺技术（软件）。电脑与资讯工艺技术（软件）。

Other specializations that would have impact on the Other specializations that would have impact on the companies included sales and marketing, customer service companies included sales and marketing, customer service skill, electrical engineering, accounting and human skill, electrical engineering, accounting and human resource.resource.

其它专业技能包括营业与市场行销、顾客咨询技巧、电机工程、会计及人力其它专业技能包括营业与市场行销、顾客咨询技巧、电机工程、会计及人力资源。资源。

Forbes.com - Top 10 Highest Wages Forbes.com - Top 10 Highest Wages

American University ProgrammesAmerican University Programmes 福布斯 福布斯 - - 十大“薪”情最好的美国大学科系十大“薪”情最好的美国大学科系

(Source: Sin Chew Jit Poh(Source: Sin Chew Jit Poh 资料来源：星洲日报资料来源：星洲日报 ))

Computer EngineeringComputer Engineering （电脑工程）（电脑工程）Economics Economics （经济）（经济）Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering （电机工程）（电机工程）Computer Science Computer Science （电脑科学）（电脑科学）Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering （机械工程）（机械工程）Finance Finance （金融）（金融）Mathematics Mathematics （数学）（数学）Civil Engineering Civil Engineering （土木工程）（土木工程）Political Science Political Science （政治）（政治）Marketing Marketing （市场行销）（市场行销）

Malaysia Largest Career & Training Fair 2008Malaysia Largest Career & Training Fair 2008马来西亚最大型职业与培训展马来西亚最大型职业与培训展

Among the jobs on offer are in accounting & finance, Among the jobs on offer are in accounting & finance, sales & marketing, IT, telecommunications, sales & marketing, IT, telecommunications, biotechnology, research and development, biotechnology, research and development, administration and designadministration and design……

征聘工作包括会计与金融、 营业与市场行销、 资讯工艺、征聘工作包括会计与金融、 营业与市场行销、 资讯工艺、电信、生物科技、研究与发展、行政管理与设计。。。电信、生物科技、研究与发展、行政管理与设计。。。

Candidates with skills in Information Candidates with skills in Information Technology/Computing are in greatest demand Technology/Computing are in greatest demand by employers advertizing on JobStreet.com. by employers advertizing on JobStreet.com. 具备电脑与资讯工艺技术的求职者极为受雇主欢迎。具备电脑与资讯工艺技术的求职者极为受雇主欢迎。

The largest increase was in Software The largest increase was in Software Development. People with network and Development. People with network and database administration skills are also in big database administration skills are also in big demand.demand.对于软件发展技术人才的需求量提升最大。其次是具备网络对于软件发展技术人才的需求量提升最大。其次是具备网络与资料库管理技巧者。 与资料库管理技巧者。

““We see good job prospects for people who We see good job prospects for people who are in the IT and Computer field. There is no are in the IT and Computer field. There is no shortage of jobs and the demand for good shortage of jobs and the demand for good and qualified candidates is growing. We are and qualified candidates is growing. We are seeing jobs increasing faster than the seeing jobs increasing faster than the supply of new graduates in IT in recent supply of new graduates in IT in recent years, with good graduates getting jobs years, with good graduates getting jobs even before they graduate.” even before they graduate.”

““我们看好电脑与资讯工艺领域人才的前景。没有面临所我们看好电脑与资讯工艺领域人才的前景。没有面临所谓职业短缺的问题，反之对好的、合格的求职者需求量增谓职业短缺的问题，反之对好的、合格的求职者需求量增加了。这几年来，我们发现资讯工艺领域职业数量的成长加了。这几年来，我们发现资讯工艺领域职业数量的成长比相关科系的大专毕业生供应人数还快，杰出学生更是在比相关科系的大专毕业生供应人数还快，杰出学生更是在还未毕业前就优先获得工作。还未毕业前就优先获得工作。””

~Dr Albert Wong, JobStreet.com's ~Dr Albert Wong, JobStreet.com's chief technology officerchief technology officer

““The claim that there are few jobs for ICT The claim that there are few jobs for ICT graduates is not true. MSC Malaysia status graduates is not true. MSC Malaysia status companies have approached us to assist companies have approached us to assist them to find the right candidates to fill them to find the right candidates to fill vacancies at their organizations. Companies vacancies at their organizations. Companies are looking for candidates with industry are looking for candidates with industry relevant skills. Fresh graduates need to relevant skills. Fresh graduates need to develop the right skills and attributes that develop the right skills and attributes that employers are looking for. These attributes employers are looking for. These attributes include the ability to communicate well in include the ability to communicate well in English and the ability to solve problemsEnglish and the ability to solve problems..””

““电脑与资讯工艺领域的毕业生将面临职业短缺的说法是电脑与资讯工艺领域的毕业生将面临职业短缺的说法是错误的。与大马超级走廊相关联的公司相续接近我们以便错误的。与大马超级走廊相关联的公司相续接近我们以便替它们寻找适合者来填补职业空缺。社会新鲜人必须掌握替它们寻找适合者来填补职业空缺。社会新鲜人必须掌握雇主所寻求的就业技巧与特质，当中包括良好的英语沟通雇主所寻求的就业技巧与特质，当中包括良好的英语沟通能力以及解决问题的能力。能力以及解决问题的能力。””

~MDeC Vice-President Ms Ng Wan Peng~MDeC Vice-President Ms Ng Wan Peng

Skills Mismatched Skills Mismatched 不相符的技能

Contrary to popular belief, there‘re plenty of jobs in Malaysia. But employers are demanding better qualified candidates - making it very difficult for fresh graduates to find work..

与一般的看法相反，大马其实还有很多职业空缺。只是由与一般的看法相反，大马其实还有很多职业空缺。只是由于雇主们都希望征聘具备较高学历或资格的员工，故使刚于雇主们都希望征聘具备较高学历或资格的员工，故使刚毕业的大专生难以获得就业机会。毕业的大专生难以获得就业机会。

Skills Mismatched Skills Mismatched 不相符的技能

A recent survey conducted by the Young A recent survey conducted by the Young Professionals Association of Malaysia among 600 Professionals Association of Malaysia among 600 young professionals between 22 and 30 revealed young professionals between 22 and 30 revealed that the biggest challenge facing young that the biggest challenge facing young professionals in securing a job is their inability to professionals in securing a job is their inability to converse fluently in English and/or Bahasa converse fluently in English and/or Bahasa MalaysiaMalaysia. .

最近一项由 600名年龄介于 22 至 30岁的大马年轻专业人士所参与的调查报告显示，年轻专业人士面临最大的挑战就是无法使用流利英语或马来语与他人交谈。无法使用流利英语或马来语与他人交谈。

Skills Mismatched Skills Mismatched 不相符的技能

Other problems encountered are lack of Other problems encountered are lack of experience, difficulty in finding a job that experience, difficulty in finding a job that matches their primary field of study and matches their primary field of study and lack of jobs in their hometowns.lack of jobs in their hometowns.

其它问题包括缺乏经验，很难找到和自己专业技能相符的工作。自己的家乡也很少提供相关的就业机会。

Improve “Matching”Improve “Matching”改善“配对”改善“配对”

Better Matching – of people and positions

更好的配对 更好的配对 - - 人力与职位人力与职位Career Management - focus on flexibilityCareer Management - focus on flexibility……

职业管理 职业管理 –– 专注于伸缩性专注于伸缩性 (knowledge of oneself and the provision of career (knowledge of oneself and the provision of career

management is perhaps the greatest management is perhaps the greatest ‘‘underdoneunderdone”” aspect of aspect of supply and matching.) supply and matching.)

（自我了解与职业管理措施也许是面对供应与配对议题的最佳法则。）

HARMONYHARMONY

人和人和

THANK YOUTHANK YOU谢谢谢谢