Manual on

Drought Management in

India

在印度干旱管理手册

P.G.Dhar Chakrabarti

New Delhi

Drought Management System in India 在印度的干旱管理系统

Monitoring

监控

Preparedness

防备

Declaration

榜文

Mitigation

减轻

Prevention

预防

Response

响应

Structure of the Manual 本手册的结构

Section 1: Understanding Drought

Section 2: Monitoring Drought

Section 3: Drought Declaration

Section 4: Drought Relief

Section 5: Drought Mitigation

Understanding Drought 了解旱情

What is drought?

Impact of drought:

Direct and Indirect Impact;

Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts

Drought in India, its classification and characteristics:

General and India-specific classifications;

Seasonal characteristics and intra-seasonal variability;

Duration; and

Geographical spread of drought

Why drought recurs in India

Monitoring Drought

监测干旱

Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: --Institutions providing drought monitoring and early warning services

(IMD, Agrimet div.-IMD, CRIDA, CAZRI, NCMWRF, DST, NADAMS)

--Institutional Mechanism for Drought Monitoring and Early Warning at the National and State Levels

(CWWG of MoA, GOI)

--Recommendation for National and State Drought Monitoring Centers

Key Drought Indicators -- Rainfall

-- Storage Water Levels in Reservoir

-- Sowing and Crop Conditions

Developing a Composite Index (A Large Number of Indexes have been discussed here)

Drought Monitoring Checklist

Monitoring mechanism

监控机制

IMD identifies drought in all the meteorological

sub-divisions (aridity anomaly index)

Monitoring of Water level in reservoirs (CWC)

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and

Monitoring System (NADAMS)

Inter-Ministerial Crop Weather Watch Group

(CWWG) provides the trigger for activating

drought response system

Early Warning

预警 Response

预警 Programmes

方案

NATIONAL

CROP

WEATHER

WATCH

GROUP

RAINFALL MONITORING

R

E

S

E

R

V

O

I

R

CROP MONITORING

CENTRAL

STATE

DISTRICT

SUB-DISTRICT

VILLAGE

CROP STABILISATION

RESERVOIR WATER BUDGETING

FOOD / NUTRITION SECURITY

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

DRINKING WATER

CATTLE CARE

Early Warning and Response 预警和响应

Key Drought Indicators 主要干旱指标

PHYSICAL & CLIMATIC Climate variables (e.g., precip., temp.)

Reservoir and lake levels

Soil moisture

Ground water

Snow pack

Stream flow

Vegetation Vigour

SOCIO-ECONOMIC Migration

Unemployment

Price rise

Starvation deaths

Developing a Composite Index 开发复合指数

Aridity Anomaly Index (AAI)

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)

Crop Moisture Index (CMI)

Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI)

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

Moisture Availability Index (MAI)

Effective Drought Index (EDI)

Drought Declaration

干旱宣言

Key Index 1: Rainfall Deficiency

Key Index 2: Area under Sowing

Key index 3: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Key index 4: Moisture Adequacy Index (MAI)

All the four indices have been discussed in detail

At Least three factors must be present for the

declaration of drought

Drought Relief Management

抗旱管理

Contingency crop planning

Relief Employment

Water Resource Management

Food Security

Gratuitous Assistance

Relief through Tax Waivers and Concessions

Cattle Camps and Fodder Supply

Health and Hygiene

Financing Relief Expenditure

Institutional

Framework

for Drought

Management

干旱管理制度框架

Source: Drought Management, Ministry of Agriculture

Drought Mitigation

抗旱减灾

Current Drought Mitigation Programmes:

-- Drought Prone Area Programme

-- Desert Development Programme

-- National Rainfed Area Authority

-- Hanumantha Rao and Parthsarathi

Committee Reports

Processes of Drought Mitigation

抗旱减灾过程

Set up a Mission / Task Force on Drought Mitigation:

Conduct Drought Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

Identify Programs and Measures for Drought Mitigation:

Develop Decision Support System for Drought Management

Promote Education and Awareness of Mitigation Policies and Measures

Encourage Community-level Plans for Drought Mitigation

Implementing Drought Mitigation

实施抗旱减灾

Water Harvesting and Conservation

-- Artificial Recharge of Groundwater

-- Traditional Methods

-- Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas

Water Saving Technologies

Long-term Irrigation Management

Afforestation

Crop Insurance

Community Participation in Drought Mitigation

Climate Variability and Adaptation

Community Participation in Drought

Management

干旱管理的社区参与

Build on Micro-level Experiences

Innovate Community-based Institutions

(Water Users’ Associations)

Organize Community-based Consultations

through Gram Sabha

Strengthen Self-help Groups

Empower Panchayati Raj Institutions

Conserve Water When in Plenty

在大量节约用水

谢谢