manure management and temperature impacts on gas concentrations in monoslope cattle facilities
DESCRIPTION
Proceedings available at: www.extension.org/67587 Monoslope buildings (Figure 1) are one type of roofed and confined cattle feeding facility that is becoming increasingly popular in the Northern Great Plains. However, little is known about the impact of these housing systems and associated manure management methods on the air quality inside and outside the barn. The objective of this study was to determine gas concentrations in monoslope beef cattle facilities and relate these concentrations to environmental and manure management factors.TRANSCRIPT
Manure management and temperature impacts on gas concentrations in monoslope cattle
facilities
Erin CortusApril 4, 2013Waste to Worth, Denver, CO
AcknowledgementsUSDA AFRI Air Quality Grant 2010-85112-20519
Project Participants:
South Dakota State University
• Erin Cortus• Dick Nicolai• Steve Pohl
• Graduate and Undergraduate Students
• Technical Staff
USDA-ARS Meat Animal Research Center
• Mindy Spiehs• Technical Staff
Iowa State University Extension
• Beth Doran• Kris Kohl
• Angie Rieck-Hinz
Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning
Center• Leslie Johnson• Jill Heemstra• Rick Stowell
Stakeholder Advisory Group
Air Quality Concerns
• Related to Regulations– Ammonia– Particulate Matter
• Related to Cattle Production– Time of Day– Seasonal Effects
• Are they are doing it right?
Monitoring Methodology
• Two mobile instrument shelters• Each mobile instrument rotates between two
barns in South Dakota or Iowa• Collect data for one month each season from
each barn for two years
Weekly ScrapeFull Barn Monitoring
BedpackPartial Barn Monitoring
Monitoring Methodology• Airspeed and concentration
measurements in north and south wall openings
• Gases (continuous)– Ammonia– Hydrogen Sulfide– Methane– Carbon Dioxide
• Particulate matter (periodic)• Airspeed measured by two and
three-dimensional anemometers• Supporting environmental, animal
and management data
• Weather station
Airflow AssumptionsSouth Wall Opening Airflow = Perpendicular Velocity x Area
North Wall Opening Airflow = Perpendicular Velocity x Area
Assuming constant air density: South Wall Opening Airflow = North Wall Opening Airflow
Airflow Direction and Concentration
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:000
2000
4000
6000
8000
Ammonia Concentration at the South Wall (Green) and North Wall (Red)
Am
mon
ia C
once
ntra
tion,
ppb
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Airflow Out of the South Wall
Air
flow
, m3/
s
South Dakota SitesDaily Mean Temperatures
7/6/10 1/22/11 8/10/11 2/26/12-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40SD1 Ambient SD1 Barn SD2 Ambient SD2 Barn
Tem
pera
ture
, C
Iowa SitesDaily Mean Temperatures
9/17/10 4/5/11 10/22/11 5/9/12-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40IA1 Ambient IA1 Barn IA2 Ambient IA2 Barn
Tem
pera
ture
, C
Seasons
Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
SD1 SD2 IA1 IA2
Tem
pera
ture
, C
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Ammonia Concentrations
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pack Systems Scrape Systems
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppm
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Ammonia Concentrations
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
f(x) = 0.0916628523876654 x + 2.08029288606001R² = 0.215095915810642
Pack Systems Linear (Pack Systems)
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppm
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50100150200250300350400450
Pack Systems Scrape Systems
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppb
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50100150200250300350400450
f(x) = 1.32571069762932 x + 14.2751649785778R² = 0.628646779274915
f(x) = 9.95613053141884 x + 26.5139528175581R² = 0.623207639244456
Pack Systems Linear (Pack Systems)Scrape Systems Linear (Scrape Systems)
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppb
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations for Pack
Systems
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 300
50100150200250300350400450
Pack System 1 Pack System 2
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppb
Seasonal Mean Hourly Maximum Methane Concentrations
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 3002468
1012141618
Pack Systems Scrape Systems
Average Temperature, C
Ave
rage
Max
imum
Con
cent
ratio
n,
ppm
On-going and Future Work
• Time of Day Impact• Pack System Analyses by Ayadi and Spiehs• Airflow → Emissions → Emission Database
More Information
• Websites Webinars
May 17Monoslope Barn Management
July 19Research Project Results
Cattle Housing Conference
November 21Sioux Falls