materi genetik, alur informasi genetik dan ekspresi gen
TRANSCRIPT
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MATERI GENETIK, ALUR INFORMASI GENETIK DAN EKSPRESI GEN
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THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE GENETIC
MATERIALThe genetic material is consisted of :
Chromosomes
Genes
called as NUCLEOPROTEIN
reside along the chromosome
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KROMOSOM
Jumlah kromosom• Setiap sel somatik mengandung satu set
kromosom yg diwariskan dr induk maternal (betina) dan satu set kromosom pasangannya (kromosom homolog) dr induk paternal (jantan)
• Set rangkap disebut DIPLOID (2n)• Sel kelamin atau gamet (1/2 dr sel somatis,
HAPLOID (n)
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Chromosomes• The essential part of a chromosome
is a single very long strand of DNA. This DNA contains all the genetic information for creating and running the organism.
• The DNA is supported and neatly packaged by proteins bound to it. At different times, these proteins cause the DNA to be spread out like spaghetti in a bowl, or tightly condensed into the X-shaped chromosomes we can see in the microscope.
• Each chromosome has a central constricted region called a centromere that serves as an attachment point for the machinery of mitosis.
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Morfologi Kromosom
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Chromosome in general Chromosome in general (size, shape and number)(size, shape and number)
- Diploid organisms = 2n- Two copies of autosomes with sex chromosomes- diploid organisms have two cell-types somatic cells = body’s cells germ cells = gametes
- human bodies ~= 1014 cells many cell divisions => mitosis
- sexual reproduction require haploid (n) cells => meiosis
Human chromosomes =22 pairs of autosomes + sex chromosome (XX or XY)
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Double helix DNA
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GENE EXPRESSION
DNA
RNA
PROTEIN
CELL EFFECT TISSUE
ORGANISM
POPULATION
BIOSPHERIC PHENOTYPE
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DNA
DNA Replication
RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
Translation
CENTRAL DOGMAFrancis Crick, 1958
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TRANSCRIPTION
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REMOVALOF INTRONS
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