mebostneoba georgian print k print k:layout 1 · adebs - cemi moyvanili bostneuli bioproduqciad...

nukri memarniSvili, Tamaz dundua

mebostneobis

cnobari

2009

2

badrijani 6

Sinaarsi

pamidori 8

fizalisi 12

cxare

wiwaka 14

sufris

Warxali 16

stafilo 20

xaxvi 24

saSemodgomo

niori 26

3

sagazafxulo

niori 28

kitri 30

Tvis

boloki 32

TeTri

kombosto 34

brokoli 38

wiTelTaviani

kombosto 40

pekinis

kombosto 44

yvavilovani

kombosto 46

4

evropis ganviTarebul qveynebSi aTwleulebis manZilze warmatebiT viTardeba bi-

ologiuri soflis meurneobis seqtori, rogorc erT-erTi Semosavliani sasoflo-sameur-

neo mimarTuleba. CVS Consulting—is saagentos monacemebiT, biobazris zrdis yovelwliuri

tempi 20%-s aWarbebs; am matebis ZiriTadi nawili ki dasavleT evropul bazarze modis (ger-

mania, dania, avstria, Sveicaria da sxv.). dasavleT evropis qveynebSi bioproduqcia mTeli

sakvebi produqciis 1 _2%-s Seadgens. daniaSi bioproduqciis 70% supermarketebSi iyideba,

germaniaSi 4000 maRazia bioproduqciiT vaWrobs. amas, cxadia, momxmarebelTa mzardi moTx-

ovna ganapirobebs.

Cvens qveyanaSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvebi adastureben, rom rigiTma momxmarebelma nakle-

bad icis bioproduqciis cnebis Sinaarsi.A

xSirad fermeri, romelsac pamidori yovelgvari qimiis gareSe mohyavs, pretenzias acx-

adebs - Cemi moyvanili bostneuli bioproduqciad unda gaiyidoso. MTumca man iseve, rogorc

mravalma sxva fermerma, ar icis sityvebis — bioproduqciisa da biomeurneobis namdvili

mniSvneloba.

saerTaSoriso moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, meuneoba biologiurad miiCneva, Tuki meur-

neobis gaZRola Seesatyviseba bioagrowarmoebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul standartebs:

meurneobaSi ar moixmaren pesticidebs, mineralur sasuqebs da ar mimarTaven sxva saSuale-

bebsa da meTodebs, romlebic uaryofiTad zemoqmedeben garemosa da adamianis janm-

rTelobaze. Kkategoriulad akrZalulia genuri inJineriis teqnologiiT miRebuli

organizmebis gamoyeneba. produqciis gadamuSavebis, SefuTvisa da realizaciis procesebi

unda mimdinareobdes biomeurneobebis warmarTvis standartebis Sesabamisad. ai, aseT meur-

neobaSi moweuli produqti miiCneva bioproduqtad (ekologiur, organul produqtad). ser-

tificirebis organo amowmebs, Tu ramdenad Seesatyviseba sameurneo procesi

biostandartebs, da Tu es piroba daculia, gascems sertifikats (saqarTveloSi sertifi-

cirebis organo, romelic gascems biosertifikats, aris Sps “kavkasserti”, romelsac

evrokavSiris akreditacia aqvs). amdenad pamidvris mwarmoebeli fermeris SemTxvevaSi misi

biologiurobis Sesaxeb ganaCeni swored “kavkassertma” unda gamoitanos.

dasavleTSi bioproduqtebis bazris namdvili aRmavlobaa. Eevropis mcxovreblebs surT,

TavianT racionSi rac SeiZleba meti bioproduqcia CarTon.

imis survili, rom sakvebad hqoneT naturaluri da xarisxiani produqti, evropelTaTvis

arsebiT moTxovnilebad iqca. siZviris miuxedavad, bioproduqcias yidulobs sruliad sxva-

dasxva SeZlebis xalxi — milionerebic, pensionerebic da studentebic. evrokavSiris qvey-

nebSi TviT saxelmwifoa dainteresebuli biologiuri soflis meurneobis ganviTarebiT da

“Cveni sakvebi unda iyos wamali, xolo Cveni wamali ki sakvebi”.

Hhipokrate

ra aris biologiuri soflis meurneoba?

5

yovelnairad mxarSi udgas biofermerebs.Ffermeruli meurneobebis biomimarTulebaze ga-

dayvana TviT saxelmwifosaTvis aris sasargeblo da uaRresad mniSvnelovani: bioproduq-

ciis warmoebis dros izrdeba miwis nayofiereba, aRdgeba agroqimikatebisagan gamofituli

niadagi, mosaxleoba iRebs saR, gemriel sakvebs.

dRes Cven qveynisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens konkurentunariani biolo-

giuri soflis meurneobis sistemis ganviTareba. saqarTveloSi biofermerTa ricxvi yo-

velwliurad izrdeba. asociacia “elkana” fermerebs sTavazobs biowarmoebis gzaze

gadasvlas da exmareba am siaxlis aTvisebaSi, radganac miaCnia, rom ramdenime wlis Semdeg

biowarmoeba moipovebs realur saxelmwifoebriv mxardaWeras da igi soflis meurneobis kon-

kurentunariani seqtori gaxdeba. dRes produqtebis msoflio bazari gajerebulia saqon-

liT, xolo biowarmoebaze gadasvliT SesaZlebeli iqneba im niSis mopoveba, romelic

konkurenciisagan Tavisufalia da Sesabamisad bevrad ufro momgebianicaa.

ratom unda avirCioT `bio~?

sargebloba

bioproduqtebi 50%-iT met vitaminebs, mineralebs, sakveb da biologiurad aqtiur

nivTierebebs Seicaven im produqtebTan SedarebiT, romlebsac Tanamedrove teqno-

logiebis gamoyenebiT awarmoeben.

sisufTave

biologiur soflis meurneobaSi akrZalulia mineraluri sasuqebis, herbicidebis,

pesticidebis gamoyeneba.Bbiologiuri produqtebis warmoebisas akrZalulia gada-

muSavebis qimiuri meTodebis gamoyeneba da, agreTve, sinTetikuri da genetikurad

modificirebuli ingredientebis damateba.

gemo

bioproduqtebs naturaluri gemo aqvs. Bbioproduqtebis ujreduli struqtura da-

zianebuli araa qimiuri danamatebiT da damuSavebis mkacri meTodebiT.

ekonomia

bioproduqtebi icaven da amagreben adamianis janmrTelobas, naklebi gexarjebaT

eqimebisa da wamlebisaTvis.

garemos dacva:

biologiuri soflis meurneoba icavs da aRadgens agresiuli qimizaciiT dangreul

bunebas.

6

badrijani

Solanum MelongenaZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

badrijnis samSoblo indoeTia. iqidan gavrcelda iaponiaSi, Ci-

neTSi, avRaneTSi, iranSi.

badrijnis nayofi Seicavs 89—94% wyals, 2,5—4% ujrediss, 3—4,5%

Saqrebs, cilebs, mTrimlav nivTierebebs, cximebs, peqtins, karotins,

B, P jgufis vitaminebs, askorbinis mJavas, mineralur marilebs. sakve-

bad gamoiyeneba moxarSuli, Semwvari, moSuSuli, garnirebis, “badrij-

nis xizilalis”, sxvadasxva saweblebis dasamzadeblad, mas amwnileben,

amarileben, axmoben.

specifikuri moTxovnilebani:

vinaidan aqvs mZlavri fesvTa sistema (izrdeba 1,5 m siRrmemde),

ver egueba gruntis wylebis maRla dgomas;

niadagi unda daibaros 25—40 sm—is siRrmeze;

1 m2-ze SeaqvT 3_6 kg neSompala an komposti.

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedi kulturebia: kombosto, stafilo, kitri, xaxvi,

parkosnebi,

badrijani ar unda dairgas pamidvrisa da kartofilis Semdeg

niadagi - Ph:

6,0 – 6,5.

dargvis xerxi:

CiTilebiT.

CiTilebis asaki:

60_70 dRe (gadasargavad gamzadebul CiTilebs unda hqondeT 5_7

foToli).

7

Teslis CaTesvis siRrme:

0,5 — 1,5 sm.

dargvis sqema:

rigebs Soris - 60_70 sm-is daSoreba, mcenareTa Soris — 40—50 sm.

morwyva:

amindis Sesabamisad, yvavilobis dawyebamde mcenareebi kviraSi

1_2-jer unda moirwyas (10—12 l 1 m2-ze), xolo yvavilobis da msx-

moiarobis dros kviraSi 2—3-jer (12—14 l 1 m2-ze).

temperaturuli reJimi:

siTbos moyvaruli mcenarea. Tesli aRmocendeba 18_240C temper-

aturaze. mcenaris ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluria 18 — 200 C siTbo.

Semosvlis vada:

saadreo jiSebis: 100—110 dRe aRmocenebidan dakrefamde.

saSualo vegetaciis mqone jiSebis: 110—140 dRe aRmocenebidan

dakrefamde.

sasargeblo Tvisebebi

badrijnis nayofis nazi ujredisi xels uwyobs organizmSi mJavisa

da tuteebis wonasworobis damyarebas, exmareba qolesterinisa da

zedmeti siTxis gamoyofaSi, awesrigebs gul-sisxlZarRvTa moqmede-

bas.

indoeTSi badrijani axlac velurad izrdeba. Aadgilobrivi mcx-

ovrebni mis nayofs uxsovari droidan Wamdnen. Evropelebs misi

gemo Tavdapirvelad “saeWvod” eCvenaT. Zveli berZnebi da ro-

maelebi badrijans “cofis vaSls” uwodebdnen. Sua sauku neebSi

badrijnis moyvana daiwyes samxreT evropaSi.

gadamwifebuli badrijnis sakvebad gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba. igi

didi raodenobiT Seicavs Sxamian nivTierebas — solanins. sakvebad

moixmareba Semousvleli nayofi, romelic nazi, gemrieli da

sasargebloa, maSin roca gadamwifebuli nayofi uxeSia da saWme-

lad uvargisi.

8

pamidori Lycopersicon lycopersicum

ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxi

pamidvris samSobloa samxreT amerika. evropaSi igi kolumbma Se-

moitana, sadac Tavdapirvelad mohyavdaT rogorc dekoratiuli

mcenare. amJamad msoflioSi pamidvris warmoebas bostneul kultur-

aTa Soris pirveli adgili ukavia.Ppamidvris nayofi gamoirCeva kargi

gemoTi da maRali kvebiTi RirebulebiT, rasac gansazRvravs naxSir-

wylebis, organuli mJavebisa da mineraluri marilebis Semcve -

loba.Ppamidvris nayofi Seicavs 85—96% wyals da 3,5—10,5% mSral

nivTierebebs, romelTa Soris aris cilebi (0,75_0,95%), naxSirwylebi

(1,7_6,4%), C vitamini (15—40mg%) da kaliumi (316 mg%-mde).Ppamidori

farTod gamoiyeneba sakonservo mrewvelobaSi.Ppamidvrisagad uamravi

kerZi mzaddeba.Ppamidors xarSaven, moSuSaven, akonserveben,

amwnileben. pamidori Seucvlelia sousebis, piures, pastis, wvenebis

dasamzadeblad.

specifikuri moTxovnebi

pamidori nakleb momTxovnia niadagis nayofierebis mimarT, ma-

gram gamoirCeva niadagidan sakvebi nivTierebebis didi raodenobiT

gamotaniT da didi mosavlianobis dros aRaribebs niadags.

urCevnia maRalnayofieri, msubuqi Tixnari da qviSiani niadagebi.

Ria gruntze moyvanisas umjobesia siTboTi da sinaTliT uzrun-

velyofili, mzvare adgilebi, daculi qarebisagan;

mwir niadagze Semodgomaze gadabarvisas 1 m2-ze SeaqvT 4_6 kg ne-

Sompala an komposti.

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedebia: gogrisebrni da parkosani kulturebi,

Zirxvenebi, kombostosebrni, xaxvi. ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxis war-

momadgenlebis Semdeg nakveTze pamidvris moyvana 3 weliwadze adre

ar SeiZleba.

9

niadagi — pH:

5,5 — 6,5

dargvis xerxi:

CiTilebiT.

CiTilebis asaki:

45—65 dRe. dasargavad gamzadebul adreuli jiSis CiTilebs unda

hqondes 1—2 sayvavile mtevani, saSualo da sagviano jiSis CiTilebs —

6_7 foToli da 1 sayvavile mtevani mainc).


1 sm.

dargvis sqema:

CiTilebs gadargaven kvlebSi (etebSi) da bazoebze intervaliT: ri-

gebs Soris 50—70 sm; mcenareebs Soris 20—35sm;

saadreo jiSebis sqemaa 30X40, 40X40, 50X90 sm; saSualo vegetaciis

mqone jiSebisa — 70X35, 60X40, 50X50 sm;

maRalmozardi (indeterminantuli) mTavari Reros mqone jiSebsa

da hibridebs sWirdeba didi kvebis are (3—4 mcenare 1 m2-ze), xolo de-

terminantuli jiSebisa da hibridebisaTvis, romelTac mTavari

Reros zrda SezRuduli aqvT, 1 Rerod formirebis dros saukeTeso

Sedegs iZleva xSiri naTesi (6—10 mcenare 1m2-ze), xolo 2—3 Rerod

formirebisas — ufro meCxeri (4—6 mcenare 1m2-ze).

gamokveba

vegetaciis periodSi gamokvebas atareben 3—4-jer

pirvelad - CiTilis gadargvidan 20 dRis Semdeg wunwuxi (1:20) xar-

jvis normaa mcenareze 1 l);

meored - pirveli gamokvebidan 10 dRis Semdeg (10 l wyalSi aza-

veben 50 gr. xis nacars), xarjvis normaa mcenareze 1 l;

damatebiT sakvebs mesamed awvdian meore gamokvebidan 12—14 dRis

Semdeg;

azotis Warbi dozebiT miRebisas mcenareebs uviTardebaT zedmeti

vegetatiuri masa, rac amcirebs mosavlianobas.

10

morwyva:

pamidori SedarebiT gvalvagamZle mcenarea. ar uyvars niadagisa

da haeris Warbtenianoba, Tumca msxmoiarobis periodSi bevr wyals

iTvisebs;

rwyva unda Catardes zomierad; Ria gruntze 5—7 dReSi erTxel,

saTburSi 2_3 dReSi erTxel (cxel amindSi ufro xSirad), yvavilobis

dawyebamde morwyvis normaa 4_5 l 1m2-ze, nayofis gamotanisas 10_15

l 1m2-ze, wyali sasurvelia iyos 22_250 C;

Tu mcenares wyals araTanabrad mivawodebT, nayofi daskdeba.

siTburi reJimi

pamidori siTbos moyvaruli mcenarea. Mmisi zrdisa da ganviTare-

bisaTvis optimaluri temperaturaa 20_250 C.

Ria gruntSi pomidori kargad viTardeba 18_200 C temperaturaze.

Ramis acieba 5_60C-mde, Tu dRisiT siTboa, arsebiTad ar aferxebs

mcenaris zrdas.

adreuli jiSebi uZleben xanmokle Ramis aciebas 3_40 C-mde.

wayinvebs pomidori ver uZlebs da 00 C-ze iRupeba;

daxurul gruntSi 300C-ze maRal temperaturaze yvavilis mtveri

steriluri xdeba da msxmoiaroba Zalze qveiTdeba.

vegetaciis periodi:

saadreo jiSebi: 80_110 dRe;

saSualo saadreo: 110_130 dRe;

sagviano jiSebi: 130 — 150 dRe.

11

pamidvris nayofi da wveni xels uwyobs sisxlis warmoqmnas, kar-

gad moqmedebs gulsisxlZarRvTa sistemis funqcionirebaze.

aZlierebs kuWis wvenis sekrecias.

dRes Cveni sufra upamidvrod warmoudgenelia. igi mwniladac

moixmareba, moxarSulic, umic, saqarTveloSi pamidvris mura -

basac ki xarSaven.

pamidvris samSobloSi, samxreT amerikis tropikul regionebSi,

igi maincdamainc ar uyvarT. Yyovelwliurad mTel samxreT ameri-

kaSi imaze naklebi pomidori mohyavT, vidre mxolod espaneTSi.

samxreT amerikaSi sakvebad ufro metad moixmaren pomidvris mo-

naTesave bostneuls - fizaliss.

pamidvris gakultureba meqsikaSi daiwyo.Aiq misces mas saxelic

— “tomati” evropaSi Semotanili pirveli pamidvris nayofi iyo pa-

tara da yviTeli, romelic mzeze brwyinavda.Aamitomac daarqves

italielebma “pomidoro” — “oqros vaSlebi”. Aam egzotikur mce-

nares Tavidan rogorc dekoratiul mcenares ise zrdidnen. didi

xnis manZilze pomidori Sxamian mcenaredac ki miaCndaT, radganac

mwvane nayofSi aRmoaCines Sxamiani nivTiereba - solanini (mwife

nayofSi solanini aRar rCeba). XVI saukunis Sua wlebSi italiaSic

gausinjes gemo mwife pomidors, Tumca mxolod XIX saukuneSi dai-

wyes misi farTo gamoyeneba.Mmagram maSinac bevrs igi myral da

usargeblo mcenared miaCnda. XX saukunis damdegidan daiwyo namd-

vili “pamidvris bumi”. dReisaTvis pamidvris yovelwliuri mosa-

vali msoflioSi aTeulobiT milion tonas aWarbebs.Aam

bostneulis mosavlis meti wili evropisa da Crdilo amerikis

qveynebze modis.

12

fizalisiPhysalis peruviana

ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

fizalisis samSoblo samxreT amerikaa.Eevropasa da aziaSi fiza-

lisi XVII saukuneSi Semoitanes. radganac es mcenare siTbos moyvaru-

lia da gvian Semodis, umeteswilad samxreTis qveynebSi mohyavT.

fizalisis nayofi mSrali nivTierebis, Saqrebisa da limonmJavas Semc-

velobiT badrijansa da wiwakas aRemateba. es kultura gansakuTrebiT

faseulia peqtinis maRali Semcvelobis gamo (10%-mde mSrali masis

raodenobidan), rac orjer aRemateba vaSlSi am nivTierebis raode-

nobas. am Tvisebis gamo fizalisi gamoiyeneba marmeladisa da sxva Je-

lesebri sakonditro nawarmis dasamzadeblad.Pfizalisis nayofs

iyeneben limonmJavas misaRebadac, agreTve samurabed, cukatebis,

piures, xilfafis dasamzadeblad, misgan amzadeben Cirs, amwnileben.

saqarTveloSi es mcenare jerjerobiT (iseve, rogorc axlo warsulSi

brokoli, wiTeli kombosto da sxv.) farTod gavrcelebuli araa.


urCevnia maRalnayofieri msubuqi Tixnari da qviSiani niadagebi.

Ria gruntSi moyvanisas kulturas unda SevurCioT mzvare, qarisagan

daculi nakveTebi;

mwir niadagebze moyvanisas, Semodgomaze, barvis win 1m2-ze unda

SevitanoT 4_6 kg neSompala an komposti.

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedebia: gogrisebrni da parkosani kulturebi,

Zirxvenebi, kombostosebrni, xaxvi. ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxis war-

momadgenlebis Semdeg nakveTze fizalisis warmoeba 3 weliwadze adre

ar SeiZleba.

13

niadagi: pH

5,5_6,5

dargvis xerxi:

CiTilebiT.

CiTilebis asaki:

55_65 dRe (gadasargavad gamzadebul CiTilebs unda hqondeT 3_4

foToli).

gadargvis sqema:

CiTilebs rgaven maisis bolos, sqemiT — 50X50 sm.

siTburi reJimi:

siTbos moyvaruli kulturaa, Tesli aRmocendeba 200C temperat-

uraze. mcenaris zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluri temper-

aturaa 20_250C. mcenare ver gadaurCeba wayinvebs.

morwyva:

fizalisi SedarebiT gvalvagamZle mcenarea. ar uyvars niadagisa

da haeris Warbtenianoba, Tumca msxmoiarobis periodSi didi raode-

nobiT wyals moixmars. rwyaven 5_7 dReSi erTxel.Yyvavilobamde mor-

wyvis normaa 4_5 l 1m2-ze. xolo yvavilobisa da msxmoiarobis

periodSi 8_10 l 1m2-ze

gamokveba:

pirveli organuli sasuqi SeaqvT masobrivi yvavilobis periodSi;

meore — msxmoiarobis periodSi;

mesame — meore Setanidan 2_3 kviris Semdeg;

gamosakvebad iyeneben wunwuxs (1:10) an frinvelis skores (1:20), erT

mcenareze 0,5 l-s.

vegetaciis periodi:

135_165 dRe.

fizaliss aqvs swori Rero, misi simaRle 70_200 sm-ia. sakvebad ga-

moyenebis win nayofs unda moSordes CenCo da cxeli wyliT gairecxos,

raTa mis zedapirs moscildes webovani da cvilisebri nivTierebebi,

romelTac xSirad mware gemo da usiamovno suni dahyveba

14

cxare wiwaka

Capsicum annuum L. ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

wiwaka uZvelesi kulturuli mcenarea, misi samSoblo centraluri

amerikaa (meqsika da gvatemala). XV saukunis miwuruls wiwaka Seitanes

espaneTsa da portugaliaSi, saidanac gavrcelda evropis qveynebSi

da axlo aRmosavleTSi. cxare wiwaka mdidaria karotiniTa da P da C

vitaminiT. nayofis sicxare damokidebulia kapsaicinis arsebobaze,

romlis Semcveloba 0,9 %-s aRwevs. cxare wiwaka agreTve Seicavs eTe-

rovan zeTebs, mineralur marilebs, mRebav nivTierebebs. cxare wiwaka

mohyavT rogorc sanelebeli mcenare. kerZebSi sakmazad gamoiyeneba

nedli nayofic da xmelic.

kulturis specifikuri moTxovnebi

kulturis mosayvanad yvelaze xelsayrelia msubuqi meqanikuri

Sedgenilobis qviSnari da Savmiwa niadagebi;

saSemodgomo gadabarvisas 1 m2-ze SeaqvT 5_10 kg neSompala an

komposti;

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedebia: parkosani kulturebi, Zirxvenebi, kom-

bostosebrni. ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg

nakveTze wiwakis warmoeba 3 weliwadze adre ar SeiZleba.

niadagi: pH

5,5_7,0

dargvis xerxi:

CiTilebiT

CiTilebis asaki:

50_70 dRe (gadasargavad gamzadebul CiTilebs unda hqondeT

8_10 foToli).

15


1_1,5 sm

CiTilebis Cargvis sqema:

mcenaris nargavi xSiri unda iyos, rigebs Soris manZili 40_45 sm.,

manZili mcenareTa Soris — 25 sm.

gamokveba:

pirveli gamokveba - wunwuxi (1:5) CiTilebis Cargvidan 2 kviris

Semdeg SeaqvT;

msxmoiarobis dawyebidan rekomendebulia nacris wyalxsnaris Se-

tana (200 gr. nacari 10 l wyalSi).

morwyva:

yvavilobamde kviraSi erTxel rwyaven - 1 m2-ze 10_12 l (cxel

amindSi orjer rwyaven);

yvavilobisa da msxmoiarobis periodSi kviraSi 2_3-jer rwyaven —

1m2-ze 12_14 l;

sarwyavi wylis temperatura 250C-ze naklebi ar unda iyos; civi

wyliT morwyva ayovnebs mcenaris zrdas, yvavilobasa da msx-

moiarobas;

rwyvas wyveten saboloo mosavlis aRebamde 2_3 kviriT adre.

siTburi reJimi:

wiwaka siTbos moyvaruli kulturaa, misi ganviTarebisaTvis opti-

maluri temperaturaa + 18_250 C;

+130 C-is qvemoT mcenaris zrda Cerdeba, 00 C-ze iRupeba. +350 C-is

zemoT mcenare iCagreba, yvavili da kvirtebi scviva,

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo jiSebi: 45_65 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde;

saSualo: 65_75 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde.

sxva cnobebi

wiTel wiwakaSi arsebuli kapsaicini aZlierebs madas, kuWis

wvenisa da naRvlis gamoyofas, riTac aumjobesebs saWmlis mon-

elebas.

wiwaka erT-erTi yvelaze sasargeblo bostneuli kulturaa,

masSi, ise rogorc stafiloSi, bevria karotini, xolo C vitaminis

SemcvelobiT wiwaka yvela sxva bostneuls aRemateba. Aamitomacaa,

rom wiwaka avitaminozis profilaqtikisa da mkurnalobis

saukeTeso saSualebaa.

16

sufris Warxali

Beta vulgarisnacarqaTamasebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

sufris Warxlis yvela kulturuli forma warmoiSva veluri sax-

eobidan, romelic axlac xarobs iranSi, indoeTSi, egvipteSi, balka-

neTSi, yirimSi da amierkavkasiaSi. XII — XIII saukuneebSi evropaSi

daiwyes wiTeli Warxlis moyvana. ukve XVII saukunis dasawyisidan Warx-

ali erTerT ZiriTad bostneul kulturad iqca. Warxali biologiu-

rad aqtiuri nivTierebebis SemcvelobiT unikaluri mcenarea. igi

(Zirxvena) Seicavs cilebs, cximebs, ujrediss, peqtinebs, Saqars

(saqarozas, fruqtozas, glukozas), organul mJavebs, vitaminebs, min-

eralur marilebs, mikroelementebs.

sakvebad gamoiyeneba Zirxvenebi da qorfa foTlebi (C vitamini

foTlebSi orjer metia, vidre ZirxvenebSi).

kulturis specifikuri moTxovnebi

urCevnia fxvieri, Rrmad damuSavebuli Tixnari, qviSnari da

Savmiwa niadagebi

SemodgomiT niadags baraven 25_40 sm-ze, SeaqvT 3_6 kg neSom-

pala an komposti 1 m2-ze;

axali nakeli SeaqvT mxolod winamorbedi kulturis farTobSi;

zedmeti wylisadmi Warxlis maRali mgrZnobelobis gaTval-

iswinebiT, im niadagebze, romlebic gruntis wylebis axlo dgomiT

(80_100 sm-ze axlos) gamoirCeva, Warxals Tesaven kvlebze

winamorbedebi:

saukeTeso winamorbedia kartofili, kombosto, kitri, pomidori;

dauSvebelia stafilo;

ver hguobs erTsa da imave nakveTze xelmeored daTesvas.

17

niadagi: pH

6,0 -7,2

Tesvis/dargvis xerxi:

TesliT, CiTilebiT

CiTilebis asaki:

45_55 dRe.

Tesvis/dargvis sqema:

calmwkriva naTesi 45_60 sm. rigTaSorisebiT;

ormwkriva naTesi 60X10 an 50X20 sqemiT;

rigebSi manZili mcenareTa Soris pirveli gamoxSirvidan 4_6 sm-

ia, meoridan — 10_12 sm

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 2_3-jer SeaqvT xis nacari (200 gr nacari 10

l wyali - 1 m2-ze;

mosavlis aRebamde 3 kviriT adre sasuqi aRar SeaqvT;

saukeTesoa kalium-fosforisa da boris Semcveli sasuqebi (rom-

lebic daSvebulia biowarmoebis standartebiT).

morwyva

Warxali nestis moyvarulia, gansakuTrebiT Teslis aRmocenebisa

da Zirxvenebis zrdis dros;

atmosferuli da niadagis gvalvis dros Zirxvenebi uxeSdeba,

Sreba, iZarRveba, xolo zedmeti tenianoba maT alpobs.

siTburi reJimi

Warxali SedarebiT kargad uZlebs sicives. Tesli Rivdeba 4_50 C

temperaturaze. mozrdil mcenareebs 2_30-mde sicive ar aSinebs. aR-

monaceni SeiZleba daiRupos xanmokle yinvebis dadgomisas. Mmcenaris

zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluri temperaturaa +15_250C.

Semosvlis vadebi:


saSualo: 100_110 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde;

sagviano: 130 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde.

jiSebis daniSnuleba:

sufris: yvela jiSi;

sasalaTe: saadreo jiSebi;

18

Warxlis kulturis mavnebel—daavadebebis mier gamowveul dazia-

nebaTa aRwera, profilaqtika da brZolis RonisZiebebi

1. Warxlis buzi

mais-ivnisSi Warxlis buzis matlebi azianeben foTols, ris Sedega-

dac, foTlis zeda da qveda kans Soris warmoiqmneba sicariele. yve-

laze metad am mavnebliT ziandeba mcenaris qorfa foTlebi. Zlier

dazianebuli mcenareebi iReben mura Seferilobas da maTi gan-

viTareba ferxdeba.

brZola: dazianebul foTlebs wyveten da spoben.

2. gulis sidample

zafxulSi foTlebi Wkneba, Zirxvenis Tavze Cndeba mura feris

Cazneqili laqebi. SuagulSi rbilobi Savia. mizezi boris ukmarisobaa.

es daavadeba viTardeba mSral amindSi kirian niadagebze. mcenares

regularulad asxureben mikroelementebis xsnars.

profilaqtika: boris naklebobisas Tesvamde niadagSi SeaqvT kom-

posti.

3. Savi fexi

mZime daavadebaa. igi aRmonacens gaaSavebs da spobs. es daavadeba vi-

Tardeba xSir naTesebSi, mZime da tenian niadagebze.

brZola: pirveli niSnebis gamoCenisTanave. daavadebul mcenareebs

aSoreben da spoben.

4 laqiani siyviTle

foTlis ZarRvebs Soris Cndeba yviTeli laqebi. Zlieri dazianebisas

foToli mTlianad yviTldeba. daavadebis damaxasiaTebeli niSania.

foTlis kideebis moxveva. mizezi magniumis ukmarisobaa.

brZola: mcenares regularulad asxureben mikroelementebis xsnars.

6. xvreliani laqianoba

foTlebze didi raodenobiT Cndeba mura laqebi, zogjer ki xvrelebi,

romlebic amaxinjebs foTlebs, Tumca mosavlianobaze ar moqmedebs.

brZola: mcenareebs Zlier dazianebul foTlebs awyveten da spoben.

profilaqtika: Teslbrunvis dacva.

19

sxva cnobebi

Warxali saukeTeso saSualebaa avitaminozis winaaRmdeg. Zalze

sasargebloa sisxlnaklulobis dros. wvrilad gaxexili Warxlis

salbuns adeben Wrilobas, damwvrobas, wylulebs.

TiTqmis ver naxavT bostans, sadac Warxali ar mohyavdeT. jer

kidev axali welTaRricxvis gariJraJze Zvelma meurneebma SeamC-

nies, rom zogierT mcenares, romlebic maT foTlebisaTvis mohyav-

daT, SedarebiT sqeli Zirxvenebi hqonda. moxarSes da gemo

gausinjes am fesvebs. swored maSin daiwyo didi Zirxvenebis mqone

mcenareTa SerCeva.Aase warmoiqmna sufris Warxlis jiSebi. Warxlis

Zirxvenebs sxvadasxva forma aqvs - mrgvalidan cilindrulamde.

maT mravali kerZis dasamzadeblad iyeneben (sxvadasxva wvnianebis,

salaTebis, garnirebis). TiTqos ucnauria, magram adamianma jer

Warxlis foTlebs gaugo gemo da Semdeg Zirxvenebic gasinja.

gansakuTrebiT uyvardaT es bostneuli Zvel romaelebs, isini

siamovnebiT miirTmevdnen RvinoSi amovlebul da wiwakiT ESek-

mazul Warxlis foTlebs. imperator tiberiusis brZanebiT,

damorCilebul germanel tomebs romisaTvis xarkad Warxalic

hqondaT ganwesebuli.

20

stafiloDaucus carota

qolgosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

stafilos samSoblo wina aziaa. veluri stafilo dResac farTo-

daa gavrcelebuli aziisa da xmelTaSua zRvispireTis regionebSi.

stafilo uZvelesi kulturaa, XVI-XV saukuneebSi igi farTod iyo

gavrcelebuli evropaSi. stafilos Zirxvenebi Seicavs 5_10% asko-

rbinis mJavas, 3_30% karotins, B1, B2, B6, PP vitaminebs, 5_10 %

Saqars (saukeTeso jiSebSi 12%-mde), mikroelementebisa da miner-

aluri marilebis did raodenobas. narinjisfer-wiTeli Zirxvenebi

gansakuTrebuli sakvebi RirebulebiT gamoirCevian, radganac meti

raodenobiT Seicaven karotins, vitaminebsa da mineralur marilebs.

stafilo moxarSulic sasargebloa da umic. Zirxvenebis garda, sakve-

bad iyeneben stafilos qorfa foTlebsac (wvnianebSi, sousebSi da

a.S.).

specifikuri moTxovnebi:

stafilo unda daiTesos noyier, meqanikuri SedgenilobiT

msubuq, Rrma saxnavi fenis mqone niadagebze. Yyvelaze metad

Sesaferisia qviSnari da msubuqi Tixnari niadagebi, romelTac kargi

drenaJi aqvT. mZime Tixnar niadagebze stafilos aRmonaceni sustia,

meCxeri, Zirxvenebi Zalze datotvilia, SeuZlebelia xangrZlivad

Senaxva;

organuli sasuqebi umjobesia SevitanoT winamorbed kultur-

aSi. stafilos naTesSi axali nakelis Setana rekomendebuli araa,

radganac Zirxvenebi itoteba, ixliCeba, maTSi grovdeba nitratebi,

mosavlis Senaxva gaZnelebulia;

niadagi Semodgomaze unda momzaddes: unda gadaibaros 25_35

sm-ze, 1 m2-ze SevitanoT 100_200 gr kiri an dolomitis fqvili an

300_500 gr nacari, agreTve neSompala an komposti — mwir qviSnar ni-

adagSi 6_8 kg. xolo noyier TixnarSi 3_4 kg.

21

winamorbedebi:

winamorbedebis mimarT stafilo nakleb momTxovnia. ukeTesi

winamorbedebia — saadreo kombosto, kartofili, kitri, pomidori,

xaxvi, parkosani kulturebi.

niadagi:

pH 5,5_6,5.

Tesvis siRrme:

gazafxulze da zafxulSi gaRojebul Tesls CaTesaven nestian ni-

adagSi (kvlebSi) 3_4 sm-is siRrmeze (gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes

mulCirebis fena);

zamTris damdegs iTeseba mSrali Tesli, roca niadagis temper-

atura +50C-is qvemoTaa, 1_2 sm-is siRrmeze. naTesi ifareba torfiT

an neSompalas mulCiT (3_4 sm-is sisqis).

Tesvis sqema:

calmwkriva naTesSi rigebs Soris manZili 50_60 sm-ia. Ppirveli ga-

moxSirvis Semdeg manZili mcenareTa Soris 2_3 sm-ia, meore gamoxSir-

vis Semdeg 5_6 sm;

gamoxSirva rom ar dagvWirdes, Tesvisas 1 Cais kovzi Tesli gau-

rieT 1 Wiqa silaSi. es Sefardeba gaangariSebulia 10 m2-ze.

Mmorwyva:

stafilo sxva Zirxvenebze ufro gvalvagamZlea.Ntenis umetesi rao-

denoba mas ganviTarebis pirvel or Tves sWirdeba;

ganviTarebis sawyis stadiaze, naTess kviraSi erTjer rwyaven,

wylis xarji - 1 m2-ze 3 l;

meore gamoxSirvis Semdeg (an cota adre) wylis xarji 1 m2-ze 10 l-

mde izrdeba, Zirxvenebis zrdis kvalobaze, imave farTobis mosar-

wyavad - 20 l-mde, perioduloba ki ar icvleba;

mosavlis aRebamde 1,5_2 TviT adre, rodesac Zirxvenebi ivseba,

rwyvis perioduloba mcirdeba (1,5_2 kviraSi erTjer) wylis xarji

ki 1 m2-ze 10 l-ia;

mosavlis aRebamde 15_20 dRiT adre morwyva unda Sewydes. saer-

Tod ki rwyvis sixSire da wylis xarji amindis Sesabamisad unda gan-

isazRvros. zedmeti tenianoba stafiloze cudad moqmedebs,

radganac rbilobis Sevsebis gamo izrdeba Zirxvenebis zoma, rasac

axlavs maTi deformacia da daxleCa. zedmet tenianobas aucileblad

mohyveba Zirxvenebis masobrivi lpoba;

niadagSi tenis naklebobis an gvalvis dros mcenare Wkneba, fer-

xdeba misi zrda da ganviTareba, Zirxvenebi Sreba, uxeSdeba da maTi

Senaxvac Zneldeba.

22

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 3-jer vatarebT mcenareTa gamokvebas;

pirveli: wunwuxi (1:5) - masobrivi aRmocenebidan 3_4 kviris Semdeg

Semdgomi gamokvebebi tardeba 7_10 dRis intervaliT.

mosavlis aRebamde 1_1,5 TviT adre sakvebis Setana ar aris sasur-

veli;

azotis zedmet doza iwvevs uxvfoTlianobas, nitratebis dagro-

vebas, ris gamoc male lpeba da Senaxvis vadac mkveTrad mcirdeba.

siTburi reJimi:

stafilo kargad uZlebs sicives, Tesli gaRivebas iwyebs +3_50 C-

ze, aRmonaceni sicocxlisunarianobas inarCunebs xangrZlivi acie-

bisa da xanmokle yinvebis (-3-40 C) drosac da mxolod - 60—ze dabali

xangrZlivi yinvis Sedegad iRupeba.Ggazrdili mcenare ufro gamZlea,

misi foTlebi -80C-ze iyineba. mcenaris normaluri zrdisaTvis op-

timaluri temperaturaa 20_220C.

Semosvlis vadebi:


saSualo vegetaciis jiSebi: 100_120 dRe aRmocenebidan

mosavlis aRebamde;

sagviano jiSebi: 120_150 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde.

23

stafilo xels uwyobs mravali daavadebis profilaqtikas.Uis

amagrebs RrZilebs, moxarSuli stafilo rekomendebulia qoSinis,

xvelebis dros, tuberkuloziT daavadebulTaTvis. stafilos

wveni gamoiyeneba dieturi kvebis dros. organizmi karotins uke-

Tesad iTvisebs cximTan erTad. amitomac rekomendebulia, rom

stafilos kerZi momzaddes rZiT, araJniT, naRebiT, mcenareuli

zeTebiTa da karaqiT, vidre ubralod wyalSi moixarSos. stafilos

mimarTaven avitaminozis samkurnalodac

stafilos naTesSi ar unda SevitanoT zedmeti azoti da rwyvac

zomieri sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT zafxulis meore naxevarSi. sta-

filos mosavali yinvebis dadgomamde unda aviRoT. moweuli sta-

filo didxans ar unda gaCerdes Tbil saTavsSi. maRali

temperaturisa da mcire tenianobis dros stafilo ukeT inaxeba

qviSaSi an torfSi. Sesanaxad Cawyobis win SeiZleba Zirxvenebis

Tixian wyalSi amovleba. gaSrobis Semdeg Tixis qerqi saimedod

daicavs Zirxvenebs daWknobisa da sokovani daavadebebisagan.

stafilo aris narijisferi, yviTeli, vardisferi, iisferi, TeT-

ric ki. Zirxvenis feri damokidebulia masSi bunebrivi mRebavi

nivTierebebis — antocianisa da karotinis Semcvelobaze. im

jiSebSi, romelTa Zirxvenebi narinjisfer-wiTladaa Seferili,

sWarbobs karotini. narinjisfer da wiTelZirxveniani jiSebis sam-

Soblod miCneulia xmelTaSuazRvispireTi, xolo yviTeli da

TeTri stafilosi — centraluri azia. fiqroben, rom stafilos

gakultureba daaxloebiT 4 aTasi wlis win daiwyo.

specifikur narinjisfers stafilos aniWebs beta-karotini,

romelic A vitaminis mTavari wyaroa, xolo es vitamini adamianis

organizms icavs kibos zogierTi saxeobisagan. Tumca narinjis-

frad stafilo Seifera arc ise didi xnis win — XVII saukunis

damdegs. es Crdilo evropaSi moxda, savaraudod mutaciis Sede-

gad. ukanasknel xanebSi amerikaSi sul ufro popularulia iis-

feri stafilo. am uCveulo Seferilobas mas aZlevs specifikuri

nivTiereba antociani. swored es nivTiereba feravs wiTel-iis-

frad Warxals, wiTelTavian kombostos, rehanisa da foTlovani

salaTis zogierT jiSs.

24

xaxvi

Allium cepaSroSanisebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia:

xaxvis samSobloa Sua aziis regionebi. n. vavilovs miaCnda, rom

xaxvis kulturebis pirveladi formireba avRaneTSi, indoeTsa da maT

mezobel qveynebSi daiwyo. xaxvi erT-erTi uZvelesi bostneuli kul-

turaa, romelic axal welTaRricxvamde 4 aTasi wlis winaT iyo cno-

bili. xaxvi Seicavs cilebs, Saqars, ujrediss, mineralur marilebs (18

qimiur elements), organul mJavebs, fermentebs, C vitamins, B jgufis

vitaminebs, karotins, fitoncidebs da eTerovan zeTebs, romlebic

mas specifikur gemos, sicxaresa da suns sZenen.

axali xaxvi madis aRmgznebia, xels uwyobs sakvebi nivTierebebis

ukeT SeTvisebas. xaxvs farTod iyeneben sxvadasxva kerZis momzade-

bisas.


ver hguobs axal nakels;

saSemodgomod gadabarvisas nakveTSi 1m2-ze SeaqvT neSompala an

komposti.

kargi winamorbedebia:

kombosto, kitri, kartofili, pomidori, boloki.

niadagi:

kargad struqturirebuli noyieri niadagebi, pH 6_6,5,

Tesvis siRrme:

mcire siRrmeze, xaxvis bolqvi 1 sm-ze Rrmad ar unda moTavsdes. am

dros Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom yels miwa ar waeyaros.

25

cnobilia, rom xaxvi egviptis piramidebis mSenebelTa ulufaSi

Sedioda. xaxvi uyvardaT sparselebs, rasac Zveli berZeni is-

torikosis herodote gvauwyebs. TviTon Zveli berZnebi xaxvs ki

afasebdnen, magram igi barbarosebisa (anu _ araberZnebis) da md-

abio xalxis saWmelad miaCndaT.

jer kidev Zveli egviptelebi mimarTavdnen xaxvs Tmis gasama-

greblad. Tanamedrove medicina adasturebs xaxvis wvenis keTil-

ismyofel gavlenas Tmis cvenaze. sakvebad xaxvis gamoyeneba

sasargebloa aTerosklerozisa da gulis daavadebaTa dros,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu kerZi mzaddeba cximiani produqtebis-

agan. is nivTierebebi, romlebsac xaxvi Seicavs, abrkoleben qoles-

terinis sinTezs da amiT amcireben gul-sisxlZarRvTa

da a va debebis risks, xaxvis regularuli moxmareba zRudavs

sisxlSi Saqris dagrovebas. garda amisa, xaxvi organizms am-

didrebs vitaminebiT, xocavs mavne mikrobebs da saukeTeso profi-

laqtikuri saSualebaa gripis, surdosa da gaciebis dros.

damatebiTi sakvebi:

damatebiT gamokvebas atareben pirveli foCis gamoCenisTanave;

kargi Sedegi aqvs Txevadi organuli sasuqis (wunwuxis) Setanas:

cxenis nakeli (1:10), Zroxis nakeli (1:6), frinvelis skore (1:20);

Tu niadags kaliumi aklia foCebis wveroebi yviTldeba da Wkneba;

Tu azoti meti SevitaneT, xaxvis bolqvebs simkvrive akldeba da

cudad inaxeba, izrdeba mcenaris daavadebis safrTxe.

morwyva:

foCebis zrdis periodSi xaxvs bevri wyali sWirdeba, magram karg

bolqvebs mSral, mzian amindSi ikeTebs;

mosavlis aRebamde 3_4 kviriT adre morwyva unda Sewydes.

siTburi reJimi:

xaxvs sicivis ar eSinia, magram ukeT izrdeba zomieri tempera-

turis dros.

Semosvlis vadebi:

adreuli jiSebis: mcenaris aRmocenebidan Cawolamde 75_80 dRe;

saSualo jiSebi: mcenaris aRmocenebidan Cawolamde 80_90 dRe.

26

saSemodgomo niori

Allium SativumSroSanisebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

nivris kultura 4 aTasze meti wlisaa. misi samSobloa centraluri

da samxreT-aRmosavleTi azia, kerZod — avRaneTi. kulturuli nivris

veluri formaa veluri niori, romelic axlac xarobs Sua aziis

xeobebsa da mTebis fedobebze.

Zveli werilobiTi wyaroebi mogviTxroben, rom niori gavrcele-

buli yofila axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebSi, egvipteSi, saberZneTSi,

romis imperiaSi, sadac igi ara marto sakvebi da samkurnalo

saSualeba iyo, aramed wminda mcenaredac iyo Seracxili.

nivris Tavisebur sunsa da gemos ganapirobebs masSi didi raode-

nobiT arsebuli eTerzeTebi. cxare da mware niori qimiuri Semadgen-

lobiT Tavian xaxvs aRemateba. igi ufro met naxSirwylebs, azotovan

nivTierebebs, mineralur marilebsa da mikroelementebs Seicavs. vi-

taminebiTac Zalze mdidaria: Seicavs B jgufis vitaminebs, beta-

karotins, E vitamins. nivris foCebSi askorbinis mJavis Semcveloba

50 mg%-s aRwevs, xaxvis TavebSi ki 8_10 mg%-s.

rogorc marinadebisa da mwnilebis sakmazs, niors toli ar hyavs.

aseve Seucvlelia niori xorcisa da Tevzis kerZebisaTvis, sxvadasxva

sousebis, salaTebis, saweblebis dasamzadeblad.

kulturis specifikuri moTxovnebi:

moiTxovs noyier niadags, radganac fesvTa sistema susti aqvs;

saukeTeso niadagebia — gakulturebuli, noyieri qviSnarebi;

nivris nakveTSi ar SeiZleba axali nakelis Setana, radganac

mcenare winaaRmdegobas ver uwevs sokovan infeqciebs, xolo TavebSi

grovdeba nitratebis didi raodenoba, nivris Tavebi ar ivseba, ar

mkvrivdeba da cudad inaxeba;

niadags saSemodgomo nivrisTvis amzadeben kbilebis CaTesvamde

10_15 dRiT adre, gadabaraven 20_25 sm-is siRrmeze, asufTaveben

yvela mcenareuli narCenisagan, mravalwliani sarevelebis fesvebis-

agan;

27

Tu winamorbed kulturaSi organuli sasuqi ar

SeutaniaT, 1 m2-ze SeaqvT 4_6 kg neSompala an komposti;

ar SeiZleba gadabarvis Semdeg umal kbilebis

CaTesvis dawyeba, CaTesvamde niadagi unda dajdes,

Torem Semodgomis periodSi kbilebi SeiZleba miwaSi

Rrmad Cavidnen, rac gaaZnelebs haeris SeRwevas, Seay-

ovnebs fesvis ganviTarebis process da sabolood

mcenare daiRupeba kidec, gansakuTrebiT uTovlo zam-

TarSi.

saukeTeso winamorbedebia:

kombosto, yabayi, gogra, stafilo, Warxali.

niadagi: pH:

ar unda iyos 6-ze qvemoT.

Cargvis siRrme:

Cargvis win saR sargav masalas axarisxeben zomis

mixedviT; ar rgaven Sewyvilebul kbilebs, romelTac

or-ori wvero aqvT (es gadagvarebis niSania), daavade-

bulebs. nivris kbilebs dezinfeqciisaTvis yrian Sabi-

amnis 1%-ian xsnarSi (1 Cais kovzi Sabiamani 1 l cxel

wyalSi). aCereben 20_30 wuTis manZilze, anda nacris

wyalxsnarSi (400 gr. gacrili nacari 2 l wyalze).

nacris wyalxsnars aduReben 30 wuTis manZilze da ga-

ciebis Semdeg frTxilad gadmoasxamen SeumRvrevel

siTxes, raSic alboben kbilebs 1_2 saaTiT;

Cargvis siRrme damokidebulia kbilis zomaze.

Cveulebriv, irgveba ori kbilis siRrmeze. kvals 1_1,5

sm-ian fenad moayrian msxvilmarcvlovan qviSas, raTa

kbilebi niadags ar Seexon da sidample ar ahyveT,


mwkrivad dargvisas mwkrivebs Soris manZili unda

iyos 20_25 sm, didi kbilebi erTmaneTs unda davac-

iloT 12_15 sm-iT, patarebi 8_10 sm-iT;

morwyva:

vegetaciis dasawyisSi bevri wyali sWirdeba, Torem

foCi iqneba ganuviTarebeli, rac Tavebis sididezec

imoqmedebs;

vegetaciis Semdgom periodSi wyalze moTxovnileba

iklebs. misi siWarbe iwvevs sidamples da sokovani

daavadebebis ganviTarebas.

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi damatebiTi gamokveba tardeba

samjer;

pirveli gamokveba — wunwuxi (1:10) SeaqvT gazafx-

ulze;

meore gamokveba — maisis TveSi;

mesame gamokveba — saTesle isris gamotanis periodSi

siTburi reJimi:

saSemodgomo niori gansakuTrebiT kargad uZlebs

sicives. kargad dafesvianebuli niori uZlebs niadagis

-20_220 C-mde gayinvas, ufro dabal temperaturaze

mTlianad iyineba, Tundac kvlebi mulCiT iyos da-

faruli.

vegetaciis sawyis peiodSi nivrisaTvis optimaluri

temperaturaa 5_100C, Semosvlisas _ 20_250C.

mwvaned gamosazrdelad umjobesia yvelaze

patara kbilebi CavrgaT naxevrad daCrdilul

nakveTze, kenkrovani da dekoratiuli buCqebis

ZirSi. mwvane niori bevrad qorfa iqneba da didxans

ar gauxeSdeba.

niors, rogorc samkurnalo mcenares, ramdenime

aTaswleulis winaTac iyenebdnen, rasac adasturebs

hipokrates naSromebi. nivris samkurnalo Tvisebebs

ganapirobeben masSi arsebuli eTerzeTebi da fiton-

cidebi, romlebic spoben avadmyofobis warmomqnel

mikrofloras. niori spobs kuWis parazitebs, mas

iyeneben anginisa da gripis profilaqtikisaTvis,

survandis winaaRmdeg, organizms wmends cximebis-

agan, moqnilobas aniWebs ZarRvebs, aumjobesebs mxed-

velobas da sxv.

28

sagazafxulo niori


sagazafxulo nivrisTvis niadags Semodgomidan amzadeben: gad-

abaraven 20_25 sm-ze, asufTaveben yvela mcenareuli narCenisagan da

mravalwliani sarevelebis fesvebisagan.

Cargvis sqema:

20_25 sm-is daSorebiT rgaven mozrdil kbilebs, 12_15 sm da-

SorebiT (dasaSvebia 8_10 sm) - patara kbilebs;

mwkrivSi Tesvis dros manZili mwkrivebs Soris 18_20 sm-ia

(radganac sagazafxulo niori ufro sustia, vidre saSemodgomo).

Ria gruntSi CaTesvis vadebi:

kbilebis Cargva gazafxulze maSin unda daviwyoT, rodesac niadagi

5_60C-mde SeTbeba, rgaven svel miwaSi, ar rwyaven (Tu miwa gamom-

Sralia, unda morwyva), Cargvis Semdeg nakveTs mulCiT faraven.

Cargvis siRrme:

Cargvamde kbilebs 20_30 wuTiT wyalSi asveleben, Semdeg svel

qsovilSi axveven da polieTilenis paketSi deben. Cargvis dawye-

bisaTvis kbilebs wamoezrdebaT 2_2,5 sm-is sigrZis fesvebi;

rgaven 5_6-sm-is siRrmeze, unda vecadoT, rom fesvebi ar

davazianoT.

29

morwyva:

vegetaciis sawyis periodSi mcenares bevri wyali sWirdeba, veg-

etaciis meore fazaSi tenze moTxovnileba iklebs, zedmeti wyali

iwvevs sidamplesa da sokovani daavadebebis ganviTarebas.

siTburi reJimi:

niori aRmocenebas iwyebs 3_40C temperaturaze, aRmonacens

gazafxulis wayinvebis ar eSinia;

vegetaciis sawyis periodSi mcenaris zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis

optimaluri temperaturaa 5_100C, kbilebis formirebisas _

15_200C, Semosvlis periodSi _ 20_250C.

niori uZvelesi kulturuli mcenarea, rogorc Zveli berZeni

istorikosi herodote gadmogvcems, egvipteSi piramidis

mSeneblebi Zalas ikrebdnen xaxvis, bolokisa da nivris SemweobiT.

Zvel romSi xangrZlivi, Soreuli laSqrobebis dros meomrebs au-

cileblad aZlednen niors Zalebis swrafad aRsadgenad.

Tanamderove gamokvlevebma daadastures nivris samkurnalo

Tvisebebi. gairkva, rom igi spobs bevri saSiSi daavadebis

gamomwvevebs. magaliTad, tuberkulozisa da difteriis Cxirebs.

samkurnalo Zala aqvs ara marto TviT niors, aramed mis sunsac.

niori mowamvlis drosac Svelis adamians. iaponelma mecnierebma

daamtkices, rom nivris eqstraqtis mcire raodenobac ki icavs or-

ganizams mZime liTonebis — tyviis, vercxliswylis, kadmiumis

damangreveli zemoqmedebisagan. amitomaa, rom iaponiaSi didi

qalaqis mcxovreblebs, romlebic gamonabolqv airebs versad gau-

rbian, urCeven, rom yoveldRiurad miirTvan axali niori.

30

kitri

Cucumis sativusgogrisebrTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

kitris samSobloa indoeTis tropikuli raionebi, sadac kitri

tyeebSi izrdeba mxviara mcenareebad, kitri siTbos moyvarulobiT

Ria gruntSi mzard yvela bostneul kulturas aWarbebs. +150-ze

kitri mkveTrad anelebs zrdas, xolo +10-ze saerTod aRar izrdeba.

patara wayinvac ki yofnis, rom daiRupos.

kitris kvebiTi Rirebuleba didi araa, radganac misi 94_97% wya-

lia, romelic Tavisi SemadgenlobiT distilirebuls uaxlovdeba. ki-

tris wyali xels uwyobs mavne toqsinebis gaxsnas, e. i. organizms

exmareba Sxamiani narCenebis gamoyofaSi.


sasuqebi ar unda Seicavdes qlorsa da natriums;

kiri unda SevitanoT SemodgomiT an winamorbedi kulturis

nakveTze.

kargi winamorbedebi:

sideratebi, saadreo kombosto da kartofili, pomidori, parkos-

nebi, xaxvi.

niadagi: pH :

ar unda iyos 6-ze qvemoT


CiTilebiT/TesliT.

CiTilis gadargvis vada:

25_30 dRis.

31

Ria gruntSi CaTesva:

unda CaiTesos, roca niadagis temperatura 100C-ze maRlaa, haerisa

— 150C-ze. mwkrivSi mcenareTa Soris 15_20 sm-ia. manZili mwkrivebs

Soris - 70_90 sm.

siTburi reJimi:

Tesli Rivdeba 12_150C-ze, zrdisaTvis optimaluri temperatu-

raa 25_300C, msxmoiarobisaTvis _ 18_210C.

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo jiSebi: 45 dRemde masobrivi aRmocenebis Semdeg;

saSualo jiSebi: 45_50 dRe masobrivi aRmocenebis Semdeg;

sagviano jiSebi: 50 dReze meti masobrivi aRmocenebis Semdeg.

ganasxvaveben kitris jiSebs — Ria gruntis jiSebi, romlebsac

ganayofierebisaTvis sWirdebaT mwerebi da daxuruli gruntis

jiSebi (romelTac mwerebi da xeliT damtverva ar sWirdebaT).

kitrs ukuCveneba aqvs mwvave da qronikuli nefritebis dros.

dietologebi ar gvirCeven, rom kitrian salaTebs pomidoric

davumatoT, radganac isini cudad uTavsdebian erTmaneTs. kitri

SeiZleba miirTvaT yvela sxva produqtTan erTad, rZis garda.

32

Tvis boloki

Raphanus sativusjvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

Tvis boloki bolokis nairsaxeobaa da masTan erTad erT botani-

kur saxeobas warmoadgens, magram Tu boloki ZvelTaganvea cnobili,

Tvis boloki evropaSi XVI saukunidan mohyavT. zogierT qveyanaSi mas

axlac “frangul boloks” uwodeben.

Tvis bolokis formebi, romlebic msgavsia bolokis Tanamedrove

formebisa, mxolod XVIII saukunis bolos gaCndnen. warmomavlobiT ga-

narCeven jiSebis evropul, iaponur da Cinur jgufebs.

saqarTveloSi umetesad gavrcelebulia evropuli jiSebi.

praqtikulad Tvis boloki yvelgan mohyavT.

Tvis bolokis Zirxvenebi Seicaven advilad SesaTvisebel naxSir-

wylebs, cilebs, vitaminebs, ujrediss, mineralur marilebs, agreTve

mdogvsa da eTerzeTebs (5 gr-mde 1 kg mSral nivTierebaze).

Tvis boloki yvelaze adreuli Zirxvenaa, ZiriTadad mas umad moix-

maren salaTebis mosamzadeblad, mwvane xaxvTan da sxva saadreo bost-

neulTan erTad. sakvebad gamoiyeneba Zirxvenebica da qorfa

foTlebic.


saadreo mosavlis misaRebad Tvis boloki unda moviyvanoT Rrma

saxnavi fenis mqone msubuq Tixnar niadagebze. nakveTebi daculi unda

iyos qarebisagan;

niadags baraven Semodgomaze 25_30 sm-is siRrmeze, 1 m2-ze SeaqvT

2_3 kg komposti an neSompala;

winamorbedebi:

yvela bostneuli kultura, garda jvarosanTa ojaxis warmomad-

genlebisa.

niadagi: pH:

5,8_6,5.

33

Tesvis siRrme:

1-3 sm.

Tesvis sqema:

iTeseba kvlebSi. kvlebs Soris manZili _ 15_20 sm., mcenareebs

Soris _ 5_8 sm.

damatebiTi gamokveba:

Tu niadagi kargadaa ganoyierebuli organuli sasuqebiT, da-

matebiT sakvebis Setana saWiro aRaraa;

azotovani sasuqis didi doza iwvevs foTlebis Zlier ganviTare-

bas, Zirxvenebi ki wvrilia da maTSi grovdeba nitratebi.

rwyva:

tenis Zlier moyvaruli kulturaa, regularuli rwyva sWirdeba,

yovel 2_3 dReSi, xolo gvalvaSi yovedRe;

1 m2-ze erT morwyvaze saWiroa daaxloebiT 5_8 l wyali. wyali Tu

daaklda, Zirxvenebi mwardeba, Wkneba, Tu zedmetad irwyveba — Zalian

wvniania da ugemuri;

wyals Tu Tanabrad ar vawvdiT, Zirxvenebi skdeba.

siTburi reJimi:

sicivis ar eSinia, Tesli 3_50C temperaturazec ki Rivdeba, magram

gvian aRmocendeba (10_150 C-ze aRmonaceni 7_12 DdRis Semdeg Cndeba,

20_220C-ze ki 3_4 dRis Semdeg), aRmonaceni uZlebs siTbos 3_40 C-

mde dacemas, wamozrdili mcenareebi ki -5_60C-is wayinvebsac

uZleben;

kulturis zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluri temperatu-

raa 18_200C, Tu yinvebi (-15_200C) didxans gagrZelda, mcenareebi

yvavilobas iwyeben.

Semosvlis vadebi:

adreuli jiSebi: 20_30 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRebamde;

saSualo-saadreo jiSebi: 30_60 dRe aRmocenebidan mosavlis aRe-

bamde.

Tvis bolokis moyvana SeiZleba rogorc Ria, ise daxurul

gruntSi (gansakuTrebiT saadreo jiSebisa).

Tvis boloki aumjobesebs saWmlis monelebas. mniSvnelovania

isic, rom am kulturaSi aris baqtericiduli nivTierebebi, rom-

lebic aferxeben mikrobebis ganviTarebas. bevri vitaminis Semc-

veli adreuli kultura _ Tvis boloki sasargebloa

avitaminozis, anemiis, saerTo dauZlurebis dros.

34

TeTri kombosto

Brassica oleracea convar. capitatajvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

TeTri kombosto warmoiSva xmelTaSuazRvispireTis regionebSi

velurad mzardi saxeobebisagan. am kulturis moyvana Cvens welTaR-

ricxvamde bevrad adre daiwyo.

axali welTaRricxvis Semdeg es kultura mohyavdaT balkaneTSi,

amierkavkasiaSi.

bevr qveyanaSi kombostos mniSvnelovani farTobebi eTmoba. gansa-

kuTrebiT gavrcelebulia igi im qveynebSi, sadac zomierad grili

havaa. saqarTveloSi kombosto TiTqmis yvelgan mohyavT.

kombosto vitaminebis saganZuria: ar arsebobs amJamad cnobili vi-

tamini, romelic kombostoSi ar iyos aRmoCenili.

kombosto naxSirwylebis uxvi wyaroa. kombostoSi Saqrebi gluko-

zisa da fruqtozis saxiTaa warmodgenili da maTi Semcveloba 1,9-dan

— 5,3%-mde meryeobs, zogierT jiSSi ki mSrali nivTierebis 3/4-s Sa-

qari Seadgens. sxva bostneulebisgan kombosto gamoirCeva azotovani

nivTierebebis didi raodenobis SemcvelobiT. kombostoSi aris ada-

mianisaTvis Seucvleli aminomJavebic. mravalferovania misi minera-

luri Sedgenilobac: kombostoSi aris kalciumis, kaliumis,

fosforis, magniumis, natriumis, gogirdisa da sxva mikroelementebis

naerTebi.

kulinariaSi kombostos mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba aqvs: mas Wamen

umad, xarSaven, moSuSaven, amarileben, amwnileben, yinaven.


kombostos sagviano jiSebi niadagSi organuli sasuqis Setanis

wels mohyavT, saadreo jiSebi ki nakelis Setanis momdevno wels;

Tavidan rom aviciloT niadagSi mavneblebisa da daavadebaTa

gamomwvevi baqteriebis dagroveba da mosavlianobis mkveTri daqveiT-

eba, aucilebelia Teslbrunvis dacva — Zvel adgils kombosto 4_5

weliwadze adre ar unda daubrundes.

35

winamorbedebi:

kombostos kargi winamorbedebia parkosani kulturebi, kitri,

xaxvi, kartofili, Warxali, pamidori da mravalwliani balaxebi;

kombosto ar unda vawarmooT kombostos da jvarosanTa ojaxis

sxva bostneuli kulturebis Semdeg.

niadagi: pH

6,5_7,5, torfian niadagebSi _ 5_5,5.

niadagis arCeva da moTxovnebi nakveTis mimarT:

saadreo kombosto mohyavT mzvare, SemaRlebul nakveTebze. igi

kargad izrdeba gakulturebul msubuq Tixnar da qviSian niadagebze;

sagviano kombostos uTmoben saSualo Tixnar niadagebs;

kombostos mosayvanad ar varga mZime Tixnari, qviSnari da mJave nia-

dagebi;

nakveTis momzadeba SemodgomiT unda daiwyos;

gazafxulze 1 m2-ze SeaqvT 6_8 kg. gadamwvari nakeli an komposti,

agreTve 100_200 gr xis nacari. niadags baraven 15_20 sm-is siRrmeze.


CiTilebiT, uCiTilod.

CiTilis gadargva:

saadreo jiSebisa da hibridebis CiTilebi _ 45_60 dRisa;

saSualo saadreo da sagviano jiSebisa — 35_40 dRisa.

Ria gruntSi CaTesvis vadebi:

kombosto CiTilebis gamoyvanis gareSec SeiZleba moviyvanoT.

Tesli mwkrivad unda CaiTesos 2_3 sm siRrmeze, mwkrivebs Soris da-

Soreba _ 70 sm. aRmonacens gamoxSiraven, mcenareebs Soris mwkrivSi

manZili 60_70 sm-ia.

Tesvis siRrme:

2-3 sm.

Tesvis/Cargvis sqema:

CiTilebis gadargva 3_4 sm—is siRrmis kvlebSi;

CiTils gadargaven 5_8 namdvili foTlis fazaSi;

saadreo jiSebisa da hibridebisaTvis manZili rigebs Soris 70 sm-

ia, rigebSi mcenareebs Soris 50_60 sm;

sagviano jiSebisa da hibridebisaTvis manZili rigebs Soris da

rigebSi mcenareTa Soris 70 sm-ia.

36

morwyva:

bostneul kulturaTa Soris kombosto yvelaze metad momTxovnia

niadagisa da haeris tenianobis mimarT, rogorc Tavis moxvevis, ise

mcenaris zrdis periodSi, Tumca Warb tensac ver hguobs (Catborvis

SemTxvevaSi fesvebi kvdeba);

niadagSi tenis SesanarCuneblad yoveli morwyvis Semdeg miwa unda

gafxvierdes.

siTburi reJimi:

kombosto kargad uZlebs sicives, ver uZlebs sicxes. Teslis

gaRivebis minimaluri temperaturaa -2_30C, magram gaRivebis peri-

odi aseT temperaturaze Zlier Wianurdeba. Teslis gaRivebis opti-

maluri temperaturaa +18_200C, aRmonaceni ukve me-3, me-4 dRes

Cndeba. gakaJebuli CiTilebi -5_70C-mdec uZleben wayinvas, sustebi -

2_30C-mde. ukve formirebul saSualo saadreo da sagviano jiSebisa

da hibridebis mcenareebs -8_100C-mde yinvis gadatanac SeuZliaT;

kombostos zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluri temperatu-

raa 15_200C. 300C temperaturaze kulturis zrda da ganviTareba Se-

samCnevad qveiTdeba, xolo 300C-ze maRal sicxeSi kombosto Tavs ar

ikravs. 150C-ze dabal temperaturaze mcenare SeiZleba pirvelive

wels ayvavildes (gansakuTrebiT saadreo jiSebi da hibridebi).

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 2_3-jer atareben gamokvebas:

CiTilebis dargvidan 20 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20).

xarjvis normaa 0,5 l 1 mcenareze.

pirveli kvebidan 10 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20)

xarjvis norma - 1l 1 mcenareze,

meore kvebidan 10 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20)

xarjvis norma - 6_8 l 1 m2-ze;

azotis siWarbe iwvevs nitratebis dagrovebas, Tavebis daxleCas,

Senaxvis vadis Semcirebas.

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo: vegetaciis periodi - 70_130 dRe;

saSualo-saadreo jiSebi: vegetaciis periodi - 125_175 dRe;

sagviano: vegetaciis periodi - 150_220 dRe.

37

kombosto ZvelTaZveli samkurnalo mcenarea, mas didad

afasebdnen Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi. cnobilia, rom dakepil

axal kombostosa da mis wvens efeqturi antibaqteriuli moqmedeba

aqvs. cnobilia kombostos sklerozis sawinaaRmdego Tvisebebi.

kombostos mwnilis waTxi aumjobesebs sakvebis monelebas, xels

uwyobs naRvlis gamoyofas, organizmidan zedmeti narCenebis

gamodevnas.

38

brokoliBrassica oleracea convar. cymosa

jvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

brokolis samSobloa samxreT italia, sadac es kombosto 2 aTas

welze metia mohyavT. amJamad farTodaa kultivirebuli aSS-Si, iapo-

niaSi, kanadaSi, safrangeTsa da sxva qveynebSi; kvebiTi RirebulebiT

brokoli yvavilovan kombostoze maRla dgas. brokolis TavebSi mra-

vali vitaminia: A, B1, B2, PP,C,E. igi mdidaria marilebiTac. bioqimiuri

Sedgeniloba evropul saxesxvaobaTa Soris brokolis kombostos wa-

myvan adgils aniWebs. cilebis Semcvelobaa 3,2—6 %, xolo karotinisa

bevrad metia, vidre yvavilovani kombostosi. sakvebad iyeneben mkvriv

Tavebs da gverdiTa amonayrebs — umad, moxarSuls, moSuSuls, Semw-

vars. brokoli SeiZleba dakonservdes, gaiyinos. nedli Tavebisa da

Reroebisagan dietur salaTebsac amzadeben.


brokoli mohyavT pirvel da meore kulturad organuli sasuqe-

bis Setanis Semdeg;

niadagSi Tavidan rom aviciloT mavneblebisa da daavadebebis

gamomwvev mikrobTa dagroveba, agreTve mosavlianobis mkveTri

daqveiTeba, aucilebelia Teslbrunvis dacva. Zvel adgils brokoli

mxolod 4_5 wlis Semdeg unda daubrundes;

brokolis kargi mosavali modis mZime, nayofier, sakmaod tenian

niadagebze. misTvis vargisia msubuqi da saSualo Tixnari niadagebi;

niadagis gakirianeba xels uwyobs brokolis zrdas da ganviTare-

bas. kiri SeaqvT SemodgomiT an gazafxulze _ 300_400 gr 1 m2-ze, 3_4

weliwadSi erTxel;

Semodgomaze, gadabarvisas (20_25 sm-ze) SeaqvT 4_6 kg komposti

an gadamwvari nakeli.

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedebia parkosani kulturebi, kitri, xaxvi, karto -

fili, Warxali, pomidori da mravalwliani balaxeuli;

brokoli ar SeiZleba moviyvanoT kombostosa da am ojaxis warmo-

madgeneli sxva kulturebis Semdeg.

39

niadagi: pH:

6,5 — 7,0

Tesva/dargvis xerxi:

CiTiliT/TesliT.

CiTilebis asaki:

35_45 dRisa (irgveba 4_6 foTlis fazaSi).

Tesvis siRrme:

1_2 sm;


ZiriTadi Tavebis misaRebad xSiri nargavia saWiro; sqema: 50_60 sm

rigebs Soris da 20-30 sm rigebSi mcenareTa Soris;

gverdiTi amonayaris misaRebad SedarebiT meCxer rgvas mimar-

Taven. sqema: 60 sm rigebs Soris da 40_45 sm rigebSi mcenareTa Soris.

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 2_3-jer SeaqvT damatebiTi sakvebi:

CiTilebis dargvidan 20 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20).

xarjvis normaa 0,5 l 1 mcenareze.

pirveli kvebidan 10 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20).

xarjvis norma - 1l 1 mcenareze,

meore kvebidan 10 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20).

xarjvis norma - 6_8 l 1 m2-ze;

rwyva:

brokoli bevr wyals moiTxovs, niadagis gamoSrobisas mcenare iCa-

greba;

tenis SesanarCuneblad niadagi yoveli morwyvis Semdeg unda

gafxvierdes.

siTburi reJimi:

SedarebiT kargad uZlebs sicives, misi ganviTarebisaTvis sak-

marisia +16_250C siTbo. brokolis Tavi nakleb mkvrivia, Sedgeba mw-

vane feris kvirtebisagan (aris narinjisferi jiSebic). centraluri

Tavis moWris Semdeg mcenare itoteba, yoveli totze ki patara Tavi

gaizrdeba, romelic aucileblad YTavis droze unda moiWras, Torem

ramdenime dRis Semdeg igi gaiSleba, ayvavdeba da warmoqmnis Teslian

ylortebs. aseTi nayofi saWmelad ukve uvargisia.

40

wiTelTaviani

kombosto

Brassica oleracea convar. capitata rubra jvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

wiTelTaviani kombosto, iseve rogorc TeTrTaviani, warmoSobi-

lia velurad mzardi saxeobebisagan, romlebic xmelTaSuazRvispira

regionebSi gvxvdeba; wiTeli kombosto TeTrze gemrielia, amis miuxe-

davad, saqarTveloSi igi bevrad naklebad aris gavrcelebuli. wiTel-

Taviani kombosto Seicavs 4_6% Saqars, 1,5_2% cilas, karotins, C,

B1, B2 vitaminebs, marilebs, rkinasa da iods. ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba

umad, marinadis saxiT, sxvadasxva salaTebisa da civi sauzmeulis da-

samzadeblad. Tavebis didi simkvrivisa da kargi Senaxvis unaris gamo

igi vitaminebis uxvi wyaroa mTeli Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi.


niadagis gakirianeba xels uwyobs wiTelTaviani kombostos zr-

dasa da ganviTarebas. kiri SeaqvT SemodgomiT an gazafxulze —

300_400 gr 1 m2-ze 3_4 weliwadSi erTxel;

kombostos sagviano jiSebi mohyavT niadagSi nakelis Setanis

pirvel weliwads, adreulebi ki niadagis gapativebidan momdevno

wels;

Tavidan rom aviciloT niadagSi mavneblebisa da daavadebaTa

gamomwvevi mikrobebis dagroveba da mosavlianobis mkveTri Sem-

cireba, aucilebelia Teslbrunvis dacva. Zvel adgils kombosto

unda daubrundes ara uadres 4_5 wlis Semdeg.

41

winamorbedebi:

saukeTeso winamorbedebia: parkosani kulturebi, kitri, xaxvi,

kartofili, Warxali, pomidori da mravalwliani balaxeuli;

wiTelTaviani kombostos moyvana ar SeiZleba kombostosa da

jvarosanTa ojaxis warmomadgeneli bostneuli kulturebis Semdeg.

niadagi: pH

6,6 – 7,2.


CiTiliT/TesliT.

CiTilebis asaki:

saadreo jiSebisa da hibridebi CiTilebis gamozrdas sWirdeba

45_60 dRe. saSualo saadreo da sagviano jiSebs — 35_40 dRe.

CaTesva Ria gruntSi:

wiTelTaviani kombosto SeiZleba uCiTilebodac gamovzardoT;

Tesli rigebad 2_3 sm-is siRrmeze unda CavTesoT. rigebs Soris

manZili 70 sm-ia. aRmonacenebs gamoCenisTanave gamoxSiraven ise, rom

rigebSi mcenareebi 60_70 sm-iT daSordnen erTmaneTs.


2_3 sm.


CiTilebis gamosayvanad Tesls CaTesaven 3_4 sm-is siRrmis

kvlebSi. mudmiv adgilas CiTilebs gadargaven 5_8 namdvili foTlis

fazaSi;

saadreo jiSebisa da hibridebisaTvis rigebs Soris manZili _

40_45 sm unda iyos, rigebSi mcenareTa Soris — 30_35 sm;

saSualo saadreo jiSebisTvis rigebs Soris manZili _ 70 sm,

rigebSi mcenareTa Soris _ 50-60 sm;

sagviano jiSebisaTvis rigebs Soris da rigebSi mcenareTa Soris —

70 sm;

Cargva SeiZleba sabostne kvlebSi (etebSi).

wiTelTaviani kombosto SeiZleba uCiTilebod moviyvanoT. Tesli

rigebad unda CavTesoT 2_3 sm-is siRrmeze, rigebs Soris daSoreba

70 sm-ia. aRmocenebis Semdeg naTess gamoxSiraven, rigebSi mcenareTa

Soris manZili 60_70 sm unda darCes.

42

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 2_3-jer SeaqvT damatebiTi sakvebi:

CiTilebis dargvidan 20 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20), xarjvis nor-

maa 1 l - 1 mcenareze ;

sasuqis pirveli Setanidan 10 dRis Semdeg — wunwuxi (1:20). xarjvis

norma - 1 l 1 mcenareze;

azotis Warbi raodenoba iwvevs nitratebis dagrovebas, Sekruli

Tavebis daxeTqvas, cudad inaxeba.

morwyva:

wiTelTavian kombostos didi moTxovnileba aqvs niadagisa da hae-

ris tenianobaze, magram ver egueba Warbtenianobas (Tu niadagSi

wyali Cadga, fesvebi kvdomas iwyeben);

niadagma wyali rom SeinarCunos, yoveli morwyvis Semdeg nakveTi

unda gafxvierdes.

siTburi reJimi:

wiTelTaviani kombostoc, sxva saxeobebiviT, ekuTvnis sicivis kar-

gad amtan mcenareTa jgufs, eSinia sicxis. Teslis gaRivebis mini-

maluri temperaturaa -2_30C. magram gaRivebis periodi aseT

temperaturaze Zalze gaWianurebulia. Teslis gaRivebis opti-

maluri temperaturis dros (+18_200C) aRmoceneba 3_4 dReSi iwyeba;

pirveli namdvili foTlis gamoRebis dros axalgazrda mcenareebi

uZleben -50C-mde wayinvebs. gakaJebuli CiTilebi -5_70C-mde, gauka-

Jebeli - -2_30C-mde. saSualo saadreo da sagviano jiSebi da hib-

ridebi -8_100C-mde wayinvebs uZleben;

wiTelTaviani kombostos zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis opti-

maluri temperaturaa 15_200C, 250C maRali sicxe mcenareze uary-

ofiT gavlenas axdens. 300C-ze SesamCnevad brkoldeba zrda da

ganviTareba, xolo ufro maRal temperaturaze mcenare Tavs ar

ikravs. 150C-ze qvemoT kombosto SeiZleba pirvelive weliwads ay-

vavdes (gansakuTrebiT adreuli jiSebi da hibridebi).

43

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo jiSebi: vegetaciis periodia 70_90 dRe;

saSualo saadreo jiSebi: vegetaciis periodia 120_130 dRe;

sagviano jiSebi: vegetaciis periodia 130_160 dRe.

wiTelTaviani kombostos foTlebi didi raodenobiT Seicavs

antocianis pigments. swored es pigmenti aZlevs Sexveul Tavebs

sxvadasxva intensivobis lilisfer an iisfer Seferilobas. isic

dadgenilia, rom antocianis pigmenti antiradiaciuli Tvisebis

mqonea.

wiTelTaviani kombosto Seicavs fitoncidebsac, romlebsac an-

tibaqteriuli moqmedeba axasiaTebs. es bostneuli tuberkulozis

profilaqtikis kargi saSualebaa.

44

pekinis kombosto

Brassica pekinensisjvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

am saxeobis kombostos samSobloa CineTi. pekinis kombosto far-

Todaa gavrcelebuli aziis samxreT-aRmosavleT qveynebSi, dasavleT

evropasa da aSS-Si. pekinis kombosto gansakuTrebiT faseuli imiTaa,

rom misi moyvana mTeli wlis manZilze SeiZleba rogorc Ria, ise dax-

urul gruntSi. igi mdidaria B1, B2, PP vitaminebiT, karotiniT, xolo

C vitamini masSi orjer metia, vidre salaTSi. pekinis kombostos fur-

clebs sakvebSi iyeneben rogorc mwvanileuls, Sexveul Tavebs ki,

kulinariuli damuSavebis Semdeg, - wvnianebSi, garnirebSi, maT,

agreTve, amwnileben da amarileben.


am kombostos mosayvanad umjobesia organuli nivTierebebiT

mdidari, kargad damuSavebuli saSualo Tixnari niadagebi. zedmetad

teniani, mwiri niadagebi misTvis uvargisia.

niadagis momzadeba Semodgomidanve unda daiwyos: nakveTebi unda

gadaibaros 25_35 sm-ze, 1 m2-ze Seitanon 6_8 kg neSompala an kom-

posti mwir qviSnar niadagebSi, xolo noyier TixnarebSi 3_4 kg.

Semodgomaze gadabarvis win kargia 1 m2-ze 4_5 kg neSompalas an

kompostis Setana.

winamorbedebi:

kargi winamorbedebia: parkosani kulturebi, kitri, xaxvi,

kartofili, Warxali, pomidori da mravalwliani balaxeuli;

niadagi: pH

6,5 – 7,2.

CiTilis asaki:

25_30 dRisa (gadasargavad gamzadebul CiTils 4_5 foToli unda

hqondes gamotanili);

45

Tesvis siRrme:

1_2 sm


Tesli iTeseba Ria gruntSi (rigebs Soris manZili 50_60 sm-ia,

rigebSi mcenareTa Soris — 20-30 sm). Tesvas unda mohyves ori

gamoxSirva: I. pirveli namdvili foTlis gamotanis Semdeg (mcenareTa

Soris 8 sm manZilis datovebiT, II. rodesac mezobeli mcenareebis

foTlebi erTmaneTs miswvdeba (mcenareebs Soris manZili 20_25 sm-

mde izrdeba).

gamokveba:

damatebiTi sakvebis, gansakuTrebiT azotovani sasuqis Setana did

sifrTxiles moiTxovs, radganac pekinis kombostos SeuZlia didZali

nitratebis dagroveba (ZiriTadad Reroebsa da foTlebis yunwebSi).

amitomac sakvebad gamoyenebamde rekomendebulia misi civ wyalSi

Cadeba 1 saaTiT;

vegetaciis periodSi orjer SeaqvT wunwuxi (1:20), xarji 1

mcenareze 0,5l.

morwyva:

pekinis kombosto tenis moyvarulia, Tumca zedmeti wyali aqveiT-

ebs produqciis mosavalsac da xarisxsac.

siTburi reJimi:

sicivis ar eSinia, Tesli Rivdeba +3_40C-ze, mcenare ki -40C-mde

wayinvebs uZlebs. yvelaze xelsayreli temperatura zrdisa da gan-

viTarebisaTvis aris +15_220C;

cxeli mziani amindi iwvevs foTlebis alanZvas, xolo 130C-ze da-

bali temperaturisas mosalodnelia naadrevi aCoyeba.

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo jiSebi: 40_45 dRe aRmocenebidan simwifemde;

saSualo saadreo jiSebi: 55_60 dRe aRmocenebidan simwifemde;

sagviano jiSebi: 60_80 dRe aRmocenebidan simwifemde.

pekinis kombosto saadreo kulturaa. daTesvidan Tavis

Sekvramde 40_65 dRe gadis. CiTilebiT Tu darges, xandaxan

mosavals 20_35 dRis Semdegac iweven. es kultura SeiZleba saT-

burSic moiyvanoT. igi faseuli dieturi produqtia, uxdeba gul-

sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebsa da kuWis wyluls.

46

yvavilovani kombosto

Brassica oleracea convar. botrytisjvarosanTa ojaxi

zogadi informacia

yvavilovani kombosto warmoSobilia velurad mzardi saxeobebis-

agan, romlebic xmelTaSua zRvis regionebSi xaroben. rogorc

sasoflo-sameurneo kultura, germaniaSi holandiasa da daniaSi XVII

saukunidanaa cnobili. igi saqarTveloSic sakmaod gavrcelebulia.

es kombosto mkvrivi Tavebis (Tanayvaviledis) gamo mohyavT. isini Se-

icaven 6_10% mSral nivTierebas, maT Soris 1-5% Saqrebs, 1,5_4%

cilas, 1,6%-mde karotins, C, B1, B2, PP vitaminebs, natriumis, kaliu-

mis, kalciumis, magniumis, iodis, rkinis, fosforis marilebis

mniSvnelovan raodenobas.

Tavebi da qorfa foTlebi sakvebad moixmareba umad, moSuSuli,

Semwvari, moxarSuli, amzadeben garnirebs. didi xniT Sesanaxad yvav-

ilovan kombostos amwnileben da yinaven.


niadagis gakirianeba xels uwyobs kombostos zrdasa da gan-

viTarebas. kiri SeaqvT SemodgomiT — 300_400 gr 1 m2-ze 3_4 weli-

wadSi erTxel;

niadagSi mavneblebisa da daavadebaTa gamomwvevi mikrobebis da-

groveba da mosavlis mkveTri Semcireba Tavidan rom aviciloT, au-

cilebelia Teslbrunvis dacva. Zvel adgilze yvavilovani kombosto

4_5 weliwadze adre ar unda dabrundes;

kombostos kargi mosavali icis noyierma, sakmaod tenianma ni-

adagma. misTvis xelsayrelia, msubuqi saSualo Tixnarebic, agreTve

Savmiwa niadagebi;

winamorbedebi:

yvavilovani kombostos saukeTeso winamorbedebia: parkosani kul-

turebi, kitri, xaxvi, kartofili, Warxali, pomidori da mravalwliani

balaxeuli;

47

niadagi: pH

6,5-7,0.


CiTiliT/uCiTilod.

Tesvis siRrme:

1_2 sm.


iTeseba kvlebze an vake farTobze rige-

bad, rigebs Soris manZilia 50_60 sm,

rigebSi mcenareTa Soris — 20_30 sm;

Wadrakuli wesiT, 30_35 sm-is da-

SorebiT.

morwyva:

yvavilovan kombostos wyali uyvars,

masze Zalze uaryofiTad moqmedebs ni-

adagis gamoSroba;

gamokveba:

vegetaciis periodSi 2_3-jer SeaqvT

sasuqi

pirvelad — CiTilebis Cargvidan 2

kviris Semdeg wunwuxi (1:20) xarji — 5 l 1 m2-

ze;

meored SeaqvT pirveli Setanidan 7_10

dRis Semdeg. 1 m2-ze moafrqveven 200 gr xis

nacars, mcenareebs ZirSi miwas mcired Se-

mouyrian (5 sm-ze) da rwyaven;

azotis zedmet raodenobas mohyveba ni-

tratebis dagroveba, qveiTdeba Tavebis

simkvrive;

yvavilovani kombosto Zalze mgrZno-

biarea borisa da molibdenis naklebobis

mimarT, rasac mosdevs Tavebi gamuqeba,

yvavilobis swrafad dawyeba.

siTburi reJimi:

yvavilovani kombosto SedarebiT kar-

gad uZlebs sicives; misi ganviTare-

bisaTvis optimaluria +16_250C siTbo,

wamozrdili mcenareebi uZleben -1_20C-

mde aciebas.

+100C-ze qvemoT da +250C-is zemoT, Tu

niadagi da haeri mSralia, kombostos Tave-

bis xarisxi qveiTdeba da mosavlianobac

mcirdeba.

Semosvlis vadebi:

saadreo jiSebi: 80_130 dRe aR-

mocenebidan sameurneo simwifemde;

saSualo-saadreo jiSebi: 130_200 dRe

aRmocenebidan sameurneo simwifemde;

sagviano jiSebi: 200-ze meti dRe aR-

mocenebidan sameurneo simwifemde.

yvavilovani kombosto Zvirfasi die-

turi produqtia. masSi ufro naklebi

celulozaa, vidre TeTrTavian kom-

bostoSi, da amitomac ufro sasargebloa

kuWis daa vadebaTa dris. es kultura

gansakuT rebiT sasargebloa maTTvis,

visac awuxebs RviZlis daavadebebi da

aTerosklerozi. yvavilovani kombosto

SeiZleba nedladac SevinaxoT. amisaTvis

mosavalis aRebisas mcenare fesvebianad

unda amoviRoT da rodesac stabilurad

agrildeba, fesvebs sveli miwa Semova-

yaroT (sardafSi, yuTebSi). temperatura

sardafSi nuls qvemoT ar unda davides.

48

bostneulis Teslebi

rogoria bostneulis Teslebi? rogor gavarCioT isini erT-

maneTisagan?

gTavazobT zogierTi bostneulisa da baRCeuli kulturis

Teslebis gadidebul fotosuraTebs.

badrijani

mware wiwaka

Warxali

pamidori

49

stafilo

xaxvi

kitri

sazamTro

kombosto

nesvi

50

zzogierTi bostneuli kulturis Tesvis, dargvis da mosavlis aRebis saorientacio vadebi mebostneobis zonebis

mixedviT

aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo

mebostneobis pirveli zona – 200 - 500 m zRvis donidan kaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis dablobi adgilebi

pirveli qvezona:

kaxeTis raionebis (siRnaRi,

dedoflis wyaro, lagodexi,

gurjaani, yvareli, Telavi,

axmeta) dablobi adgilebi

meore qvezona:

qvemo qarTlis raionebis

(gardabani, marneuli,

bolnisi, TeTri wyaro) da

garekaxeTis dablobi

adgilebi

#

#

kultura

Tesva dargva mosavlis

aReba


aReba

1 kombostos Tesva zafxulSi 1/7-10/7 1/8-10/8 10/11-30/11 1/6-15/6 1/7-15/7 1/10-1/11

2 kombostos Tesva Semodgomaze 15/9-1/10 1/11-10/12 10/5-20/6 15/9-1/10 1/11-10/12 15/5-30/6

3 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi 15/3-1/4 25/4-15/5 25/6-10/7 15/3-1/4 25/4-15/5 25/6-10/7

4 saSualo da sagviano kombostos Tesva 20/4-20/5 15/6-10/7 15/8-25/11 20/4-25/5 15/6-1/7 15/8-25/11

5 pamidvris Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi 10/2-15/3 15/4-30/4 25/6-1/11 15/2-15/3 20/4-10/5 25/6-1/11

6 pamidvris Tesva Ria gruntSi 23/3-10/4 - 10/7-1/11 25/3-10/4 - 15/7-1/11

7 badrijnis Tesva gazafxulze 1/3-15/3 20/4-15/5 30/6-1/11 1/3-15/3 10/5-25/5 5/7-1/11

8 wiwakis Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi 1/3-1503 20/4-15/5 25/6-1/11 1/3-15/3 1/5-20/5 1/7-1/11

9 kitris Tesva saCiTiled 20/3-30/3 25/4-30/4 1/6-1/8 20/3-30/3 25/4-30/4 5/6-1/8

10 kitris Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi 10/4-20/4 - 20/6-10/8 ¼1/4-25/4 - 25/6-15/8

11 kitris Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 5/3-15/3 ¼1/4-15/4 5/6-10/8 1/3-15/3 5/4-15/4 10/6-1/8

12 kitris Tesva zafxulSi 20/6-15/7 - 15/8-30/9 20/6-15/7 - 15/8-30/9

13 xaxvis Tesva gazafxulze 20/2-20/3 - 20/7-15/8 20/2-20/3 - 20/7-20/8

14 xaxvis Tesva Semodgomaze 1/9-30/10 - 1/7-20/7 1/9-30/10 - 1/7-20/7

15 xaxvis Tesva zafxulSi – mwvane xaxvis misaRebad 15/6-1/8 - 1/11-1/4 15/6-1/8 - 1/10-15/4

16 Warxlis Tesva gazafxulze 15/3-1/4 - 1/8-1/11 15/3-1/4 - 1/8-10/11

17 Warxlis Tesva zafxulSi 1/6-15/7 - 1/8-20/3 1/6-15/7 - 1/8-20/3

18 stafilos Tesva gazafxulze 20/2-20/3 - 1/6-1/8 20/2-20/3 - 1/6-1/8

19 stafilos Tesva zafxulSi 1/6-15/7 - 1/10-1/11 1/6-15/7 - 1/10-1/11

20 wiTeli bolokis Tesva 1/8-5/9 - 1/10-1/11 1/8-5/9 - 1/10-1/11

21 nivris dargva Semodgomaze 15/10-15/11 - 25/6-30/6 15/10-15/11 - 25/6-1/7

22 nivris dargva gazafxulze 15/2-15/3 - 10/7-20/7 15/2-15/3 - 10/7-20/7

51

mmebostneobis meore zona – 500 - 1200 m zRvis donidan

Sida qarTlis raionebi da mesxeTis dablobi adgilebi

pirveli qvezona:

Sida qarTlis raionebi (mcxeTa,

kaspi, gori, qareli, xaSuri,

borjomi) da mTiani kaxeTi

meore qvezona:

mesxeTis dablobi (axalcixe,

adigeni, aspinZa), cxinvalis

regioni, duSeTisa da

TianeTis raionebis dablobi

adgilebi

#

#

kultura


aReba


aReba

1 kombostos Tesva zafxulSi 1/6-15/6 5/7-15/7 20/10-10/11 - - -

2 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 15/2-30/2 30/3-20/4 1/7-1/8 24/2-10/3 25/4-15/5 15/8-1/9

3 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi 25/3-10/4 1/5-10/5 1/7-20/7 ¼1/4-10/4 10/5-20/5 25/7-1/8



6 pamidvris Tesva Ria gruntSi 10/4-20/4 - 1/8-5/10 - - -

7 badrijnis Tesva gazafxulze 15/3-20/3 15/5-25/5 20/7-10/10 20/3-30/3 15/5-10/5 25/7-1/10

8 wiwakis Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi 15/3-20/3 15/5-25/5 20/7-10/10 20/3-30/3 25/5-30/5 25/7-1/10

9 kitris Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi 20/4-30/4 - 10/7-10/9 25/4-5/5 - 15/7-20/9

10 kitris Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 15/3-25/3 20/4-1/5 1/7-30/8 - - -


12 Warxlis Tesva gazafxulze 20/3-25/4 - 15/9-15/10 ¼1/4-10/4 - 15/9-1/10

13 Warxlis Tesva zafxulSi 1/6-10/7 - 15/8-15/10 - - -


15 stafilos Tesva zafxulSi 1/6-10/7 - 20/10-1/11 - - -


17 nivris dargva Semodgomaze 15/10-30/10 - 1/7-15/7 20/9-10/9 - 1/7-15/7

18 nivris dargva gazafxulze 15/2-15/3 - 10/7-30/7 1/3-15/3 - 10/7-20/7

52

mmebostneobis mesame zona – 1200 - 2200 m zRvis donidan

duSeTis, yazbegis, TianeTis, axmetis, walkis, dmanisis, ninowmindis, axalqalaqis raionebisa da cxinvalis

regionis mTiani zona

pirveli qvezona:

1200 - 1700 m zRvis donidan meore qvezona:

1700 - 2200 m zRvis donidan

#

#

kultura


aReba


aReba

1 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 1/3-10/3 1/5-25/5 30/7-30/8 25/3-10/4 15/5-1/6 15/8-1/9



4 pamidvris Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi ¼1/4-20/4 25/5-15/6 1/8-15/9 - - -

5 xaxvis Tesva gazafxulze ¼1/4-30/4 - 15/8-25/9 10/5-20/5 - 1/8-1/9



8 nivris dargva Semodgomaze - 1/9-1/10 10/8-20/8 - 1/8-20/8 1/8-20/8

9 nivris dargva gazafxulze - 1/3-15/4 20/8-30/8 - 1/5-15/5 1/8-20/8

53

ddasavleTi saqarTvelo

mebostneobis pirveli – subtropikuli - zona 0 – 250 m zRvis donidan

afxazeTis, qvemo imereTis aWarisa da guria-samegrelos dablobebi,

pirveli da meore qvezona:

afxazeTis, guria-samegrelosa

da aWaris dablobebi,

mesame qvezona:

qvemo imereTis vake

(wyaltubo, xoni, vani,

samtredia)

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#

kultura


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aReba

1 kombostos Tesva zafxulSi 30/6-10/7 1/8-10/9 15/11-25/3 1/6-15/6 10/7-20/7 20/11-25/3

2 kombostos Tesva Semodgomaze 15/9-1/10 10/11-20/12 25/4-1/7 15/9-1/10 1/11-20/12 20/4-15/6

3 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 20/2-30/2 25/3-15/4 1/6-1/7 ½1/2-10/2 10/3-20/3 10/6-1/7



6 pamidvris Tesva Ria gruntSi 25/3-5/4 - 10/7-1/10 25/3-1/4 - 1/7-1/10

7 badrijnis Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi 25/2-20/3 25/4-15/5 1/7-1/11 25/2-20/3 25/4-10/5 1/7-10/11



10 kitris Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 1/3-10/3 ¼1/4-20/4 1/6-1/8 ¼1/3-10/3 ¼1/4-10/4 1/6-1/8

11 kitris Tesva zafxulSi 15/6-30/7 - 1/8-1/10 15/6-30/7 - 1/8-1/10


13 xaxvis Tesva Semodgomaze 20/9-1/11 - 1/6-1/8 1/9-30/10 - 1/7-1/8

14 xaxvis zafxulSi Tesva – mwvane xaxvis misaRebad 1/7-1/8 - 1/11-1/4 1/7-1/9 - 1/10-1/4


16 Warxlis Tesva zafxulSi 25/6-20/7 - 1/9-1/11 25/6-20/7 - 1/9-1/11


18 stafilos Tesva zafxulSi 10/6-25/7 - 1/9-30/10 1/6-25/7 - 1/10-30/10


20 Tvis bolokis Tesva 20/2-25/3 - ¼1/4-15/5 20/2-20/3 - 10/4-15/5



54

mmebostneobis meore zona - 250 - 1000 m zRvis donidan

afxazeTis, aWaris, guria-samegrelos dablobebi, imereTis mTispira nawili da raWa-leCxumis dablobebi

pirveli qvezona:

aWaris, afxazeTis, guria-

samegrelos dablobebi,

imereTis mTispira zomierad

Tbili adgilebi

meore qvezona:

raWa-leCxumis dablobis

zomierad Tbili adgilebi

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#

kultura


aReba


aReba

1 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 10/2—20/2 25/31/4 1/7-1/8 15/2-1/3 ¼1/4-15/4 1/9-20/10

2 kombostos Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi ¼1/4-10/4 15/5-25/6 1/9-20/11 10/4-15/4 15/5-5/6 1/9-1/11


4 pamidvris Tesva Ria gruntSi ¼1/4-15/4 - 15/7-20/10 - - -

5 badrijnis Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi 15/3-25/3 10/5-15/5 15/7-20/10 20/3-30/3 15/5-25/5 1/8-10/10



8 kitris Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 10/3-20/3 20/4-30/4 1/7-1/8 10/3-20/3 20/4-30/4 1/7-1/8



11 Warxlis Tesva zafxulSi 1/7-25/7 - 1/9-15/10 - - -

12 stafilos Tesva gazafxulze 23/3-4/5 - 1/8-1/9 ¼1/4-10/5 - 15/7-10/10

13 Tvis bolokis Tesva 1/3-1/4 - 10/4-25/5 10/3-10/4 - 10/4-10/5



55

mmebostneobis mesame zona – 1000 - 2100 m zRvis donidan

afxazeTis, aWaris, guria-samegrelos, imereTis, raWa-leCxumis mTis soflebi da svaneTi

pirveli qvezona (zomierad civi):

1000 – 1500 m zRvis donidan

meore qvezona (civi):

1500 – 2100 m zRvis donidan

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#

kultura Tesva dargva mosavlis

aReba


aReba


2 pamidvris Tesva saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi ¼1/4-10/4 20/6-10/7 10/8-25/9 - - -

3 kitris Tesva gazafxulze Ria gruntSi 5/5-10/5 - 1/8-10/9 - - -

4 kitris Tesva gazafxulze kvalsaTburSi 20/3-30/3 15/5-20/5 20/7-20/8 - - -




8 Tvis bolokis Tesva 10/4-10/5 - 20/5-20/6 1/5-20/6 - 20/6-1/7

9 nivris dargva Semodgomaze - 15/9-10/10 20/7-10/8 - - -


56

SeniSvnebisTvis

mebostneoba georgian print k print k:layout 1 · adebs - cemi moyvanili bostneuli bioproduqciad...

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