mechanisms of implicit learning: what sort of structures can be implicitly learnt?
DESCRIPTION
Mechanisms of implicit learning: What sort of structures can be implicitly learnt? (What sort of model would allow such learning?). 1. [0] -> M[1] 2. [1] -> T[1] 3. [1] -> Q[2] 4. [2] -> B[1] [2] -> ε [0], [1], [2] are non- terminals Finite state grammar. Example string; M[1] - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint Presentation
Mechanisms of implicit learning:
What sort of structures can be implicitly learnt?
(What sort of model would allow such learning?)
1. [0] -> M[1]2. [1] -> T[1]3. [1] -> Q[2]4. [2] -> B[1][2] ->
[0], [1], [2] are non-terminals
Finite state grammarExample string;M[1]-> MT[1]-> MTT[1]-> MTTQ[2]-> MTTQMTTQ
People learn:
Chunks: MT, TT, TQ, MTT, TTQ
Whole items: MTTQ
Repetition structure: 1223 (so they can classify KXXV as grammatical)
Cross serial dependency/ inversionCentre embedding/ retrogradeA1 A2 A3 - B1 B2 B3
mirrorA1A2A3B1B2B3
mirror
A1 A2 A3 - B3 B2 B1Retrograde symmetry:
A1A2A3-B3B2B1
1. [0] -> Ai[0]Bi2. [0] ->
(where [0] is a non-terminal)
Context free grammar
Inverse symmetry:
A1A2A3-B1B2B3
1. S-> Ai S] Ti 2. S-> 3. Ai Tj -> Ai Bj4. Bj Ti -> Ti Bj
(where Ti and S are non-terminals)
Context-sensitive grammar
Kuhn and Dienes 2005Grammatical Tune showing inversion
Contour -3 +6 +1 +3 -6 -1Kuhn & Dienes 2005
Liking ratingsClassification performanceKuhn and Dienes 2008SRN learns fixed length long distance associations.
Have either subjects or SRN learnt a symmetry?
Need to show generalisation to new lengths.
11
12
Tang poetry:Divides Chinese tones (1-4) into two categories: ping (1,2) and ze (3,4)And specifies an inversion relation in successive lines:
People can implicitly learn tonal inversions and retrogrades.
chunks and repetition structure are rigorously controlled.
People only learn when ping-ze classification is used
People can generalise from lines of 5 words to both 4 and 6 words BUT with a major decrement
SRN characteristically shows all the above!!
Questions:
Can people be trained on different lengths so as to generalise with facility to longer poems? Can the SRN? (This is crucial for show the symmetry as such can be learnt)
Brain regions involved in learning symmetry versus chunking?
Cross cultural differences?
Can we induce symmetry learning in body movement and eye movements?
Chart55.06365740755.11226851840.10946737250.10946737250.14306171980.14306171984.87847222225.18287037040.10384219670.10384219670.13521192920.1352119292
G = GrammaticalU = UngrammaticalExperimentalControlMean liking Ratings
exp 2GroupExemplarFragmentAbstractGroupExemplarFragmentAbstractExperimental0.56770833320.58854166660.5156250001Experimental56.77083332558.854166662551.5625000062Control0.53645833320.54166666660.453125Control53.64583332554.166666662545.31250.02631568790.02252399270.0260208252.63156879412.2523992692.60208249910.01568276350.02439750180.02185018441.56827635372.4397501842.1850184391
exp 256.77083332553.6458333252.63156879412.63156879411.56827635371.568276353758.854166662554.16666666252.2523992692.2523992692.4397501842.43975018451.562500006245.31252.60208249912.60208249912.18501843912.1850184391
ExperimentalControlTest Set% correct classification
exp 1SetExemplarFragmentAbstractGrammaticalUngrammaticalGrammaticalUngrammaticalGrammaticalUngrammaticalGroupMSDMSDMSDMSDMSDMSDExperimental5.280.834.960.655.441.094.940.985.400.705.090.86Control5.200.815.130.794.960.815.100.865.390.765.630.580.21327473150.16886855691.40530124890.28084075161.2762018040.25285026431.39319817590.18164203031.31385580880.222564840.20963942450.20442632771.28158094760.20875420451.31789016640.22284634581.39050860410.19529575551.45371354070.1494782593ExemplarFragmentAbstractGUGUGUExperimental5.284.965.444.945.405.09Control5.205.134.965.105.395.630.21327473150.16886855690.28084075160.25285026430.18164203030.222564840.20963942450.20442632770.20875420450.22284634580.19529575550.1494782593
exp 15.28124999995.20312500010.20963942450.20963942450.21327473150.21327473154.96354166685.1250.20442632770.20442632770.16886855690.16886855695.44270833344.96354166680.20875420450.20875420450.28084075160.28084075164.94270833335.10416666660.22284634580.22284634580.25285026430.25285026435.39583333345.38541666660.19529575550.19529575550.18164203030.18164203035.08854166685.63020833320.14947825930.14947825930.222564840.22256484
G = GrammaticalU = UngrammaticalExperimentalControlTest Setmean liking ratings
exp 3 likingGroupGUExperimental5.064.88Control5.115.18SE0.140.14SE0.110.10
exp 3 liking5.06365740755.11226851840.10946737250.10946737250.14306171980.14306171984.87847222225.18287037040.10384219670.10384219670.13521192920.1352119292
G = GrammaticalU = UngrammaticalExperimentalControlMean liking Ratings
zero correlationExemplar5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10010.56832354150.64644540640.58222222220.57083333330.58181818180.583076923120.04591988270.04539815910.0606344950.10449328960.10234621380.188547860934Fragment5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10050.54013806710.43175747860.60945938980.66666666670.59206349210.911564625960.08787867390.04805392850.08935009470.07553921390.14327753130.061913482778Abstract5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10090.70952380950.38386454680.48614203260.60361111110.480.6133333333100.05771148930.06465184680.05608945580.06941089720.11632224290.17944745441112131234567891011121312345678910111213
zero correlation0.04591988270.04591988270.04539815910.04539815910.0606344950.0606344950.10449328960.10449328960.10234621380.10234621380.18854786090.1885478609
Confidence ratingClassification performance
0.08787867390.08787867390.04805392850.04805392850.08935009470.08935009470.07553921390.07553921390.14327753130.14327753130.06191348270.0619134827
Confidence ratingClassification performance
0.05771148930.05771148930.06465184680.06465184680.05608945580.05608945580.06941089720.06941089720.11632224290.11632224290.17944745440.1794474544
ConfidenceratingClassification performance
Chart650.81018518331.12784851491.127848514951.90972222710.91784887090.9178488709
classification perfomrmanceClassification performance
exp 2GroupExemplarFragmentAbstractGroupExemplarFragmentAbstractExperimental0.56770833320.58854166660.5156250001Experimental56.77083332558.854166662551.5625000062Control0.53645833320.54166666660.453125Control53.64583332554.166666662545.31250.02631568790.02252399270.0260208252.63156879412.2523992692.60208249910.01568276350.02439750180.02185018441.56827635372.4397501842.1850184391
exp 256.77083332553.6458333252.63156879412.63156879411.56827635371.568276353758.854166662554.16666666252.2523992692.2523992692.4397501842.43975018451.562500006245.31252.60208249912.60208249912.18501843912.1850184391
ExperimentalControlTest Set% correct classification
exp 1SetExemplarFragmentAbstractGrammaticalUngrammaticalGrammaticalUngrammaticalGrammaticalUngrammaticalGroupMSDMSDMSDMSDMSDMSDExperimental5.280.834.960.655.441.094.940.985.400.705.090.86Control5.200.815.130.794.960.815.100.865.390.765.630.580.21327473150.16886855691.40530124890.28084075161.2762018040.25285026431.39319817590.18164203031.31385580880.222564840.20963942450.20442632771.28158094760.20875420451.31789016640.22284634581.39050860410.19529575551.45371354070.1494782593ExemplarFragmentAbstractGUGUGUExperimental5.284.965.444.945.405.09Control5.205.134.965.105.395.630.21327473150.16886855690.28084075160.25285026430.18164203030.222564840.20963942450.20442632770.20875420450.22284634580.19529575550.1494782593
exp 15.28124999995.20312500010.20963942450.20963942450.21327473150.21327473154.96354166685.1250.20442632770.20442632770.16886855690.16886855695.44270833344.96354166680.20875420450.20875420450.28084075160.28084075164.94270833335.10416666660.22284634580.22284634580.25285026430.25285026435.39583333345.38541666660.19529575550.19529575550.18164203030.18164203035.08854166685.63020833320.14947825930.14947825930.222564840.22256484
G = GrammaticalU = UngrammaticalExperimentalControlTest Setmean liking ratings
Sheet5Groupclassification perfomrmanceExperimental50.8101851833Control51.9097222271SE1.1278485149SE0.9178488709
Sheet550.81018518331.12784851491.127848514951.90972222710.91784887090.9178488709
classification perfomrmanceClassification performance
exp 3 likingGroupGUExperimental5.064.88Control5.115.18SE0.140.14SE0.110.10
exp 3 liking5.06365740755.11226851840.10946737250.10946737250.14306171980.14306171984.87847222225.18287037040.10384219670.10384219670.13521192920.1352119292
G = GrammaticalU = UngrammaticalExperimentalControlMean liking Ratings
zero correlationExemplar5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10010.56832354150.64644540640.58222222220.57083333330.58181818180.583076923120.04591988270.04539815910.0606344950.10449328960.10234621380.188547860934Fragment5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10050.54013806710.43175747860.60945938980.66666666670.59206349210.911564625960.08787867390.04805392850.08935009470.07553921390.14327753130.061913482778Abstract5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 10090.70952380950.38386454680.48614203260.60361111110.480.6133333333100.05771148930.06465184680.05608945580.06941089720.11632224290.17944745441112131234567891011121312345678910111213
zero correlation0.04591988270.04591988270.04539815910.04539815910.0606344950.0606344950.10449328960.10449328960.10234621380.10234621380.18854786090.1885478609
Confidence ratingClassification performance
0.08787867390.08787867390.04805392850.04805392850.08935009470.08935009470.07553921390.07553921390.14327753130.14327753130.06191348270.0619134827
Confidence ratingClassification performance
0.05771148930.05771148930.06465184680.06465184680.05608945580.05608945580.06941089720.06941089720.11632224290.11632224290.17944745440.1794474544
ConfidenceratingClassification performance
Other46656.0Other46872.0