mellah hacen_الفصل الأول مكونات الحاسبara

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1

"---"

data

processing

data output

storage

networks

1

2

-

()

: :() 2010-20113 2 8 6 54 54 54 80

15:30 14:00 11:00 08:00


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1.1

19481970

1970

micro-processeur

3P.E.T

CommodoreTRS80TandyApple IIApple

traitement de textesbasesde donnestableurs

Micro-informatique

IBM

standardPCPersonal

Computer

incompatible

2.

1

IBM PC

MacintoshApple

IBM

IBM1990WindowsIBM

environnement

clavierbureau

Desk ToprpertoiresfichiersCliquerSourismenus


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IBM

IBM

IBM

.3.1

4.1

1

2

matriel ou hardware

logiciels ou software


4/17

arithmtique binaireTransistor

01circuit

10

2

SOFT HARD


5/17

1.2

3

4

5

6

7PS2

serial mouse

USB


6/17

8

1.1.2

12

22012155

1

2

2.1.2


7/17

:

.:PCIISA

IDE

.

.

3.1.2


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10001000

1

2

1

Input Units

2Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)

Control Unit

Control Unit

Arthmetic Logical Unit

Help Storaage Unit

Main Memory Unit MMU

Input Units

Output Units


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Main Memory Unit (MMU)

Read Only Memory (ROM)Random Access Memory

(RAM)

3Out Put Unit:

MonitorPrinter:

():Low Level Language (LLL):(1.0)

()(Machine Language. )

Middle Level Language:(Assembly Language:)

High Level Language: (++).

1.24()

Intel

Pentium 4

2.4 G.Hz/512/400/1.7VKOSTA RIKA

3239A882-227

:

AMDCyrix

:XTATpentium 5

:


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:

.cpu

.

64128

Adobe128256AutoCadMiniCad256512

1.25()

128

32intel, sis, ati)

ATI

3dfx

64128

1.26


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1.27

3.2

80

80000


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10241024

())))(

10241024kilobyte

1024 10241048576megabyte

1024 1024 10241073741824gigabyte

1024 1024 1024 10241099511627776terabyte

1024 1024 1024 1024 10241.125899906843 e+15petabyte

1024 1024 1024 1024 1024 10241.152921504607 e+18exabyte

10241024 1024 10241024 1024 10241.180591620717 e+21zitabyte

1024 1024102410241024 1024 1024

1024

1.208925819615 e+24yobabyte

:e+1515:2.55 e+82.55 100000000 = 255000000255

1024

24

4

25

1


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DVD

4.7

DVDDVD

1

2

3-

DVD

1MAXDVD6 MAXMAX

DVD4,7

700800

26

1F1,F2.F12, ALT,CTRL.

2A.B.C

31.2.3.4.5.6.7

.

Shlft + F12 Shift + E

F12 Shift + XShift + F12 Ctrl + X

Ctrl + Home Shift + Q

Ctrl + End Shift + A

Shift + F1 + Shift

Ctrl + U Shift + Z

Ctrl + F4 Shift + W

Ctrl + N Shift + S

Ctrl + H Shift + R

Ctrl + I Shift + T

Ctrl + K Shift + G

Ctrl + P Shift + Y

Ctrl + O Shift + H

+ Ctrl Shift + N

+ Ctrl Shift + B

2DVD


14/17

Alt + S { Shift + V

Alt + J } Shift + C

Alt + ] [ Shift + F

Alt + [ ] Shift + D

Alt + U Shift + J

Alt + P Ctrl + C

Alt + L Ctrl + V

Alt + '' Ctrl + Z

Alt + Q Ctrl + ACtrl + E Shift + U

Ctrl + F Ctrl + Esc

Ctrl + B Ctrl + Enter

Ctrl + Shift + P Ctrl + Shift

Ctrl + Shift+ S Ctrl + Shift

Ctrl + D Ctrl + 1

Capital

Ctrl + Shift + K Ctrl + 5

Shift + F3 Ctrl + 2

Ctrl + Shift + L Ctrl + G

Ctrl + Alt + E Ctrl + End

Ctrl + Alt + I Ctrl + F5Shift + F7 Ctrl + F6 +

Ctrl + Alt + F1 Ctrl + F2

Ctrl + Q + CTRL

Ctrl + M Ctrl + Enter

Shift + F5 Ctrl + F9

Ctrl + Alt Ctrl + Alt +F2

F3 Ctrl + J

F9 Ctrl + L

F1 F10

F7 F5

Ctrl + a F8

Ctrl + v Ctrl + c

Ctrl + z Ctrl + x

Ctrl + o Ctrl + p

Ctrl + d Ctrl + w

Ctrl + b Ctrl + F

Ctrl + Shift Ctrl + s

alt + F4 Ctrl + ShiftF2 alt + esc

alt : shift alt + shift

alt + tab

27


15/17

141517

3:PC

By Purpose

1General Purpose Computer

2Special Purpose Computer

Type Of Data Processed

1Analog Computer

2Digital Computer

()()640480640 480

800600800 600

10247681024 768

11528641152 864

128010241280 1024

160012001600 1200


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3Hybrid Computer

.

1Microcomputers

MicroprcessorPersonal Computer (PC

2Minicomputers20

Personal Computers(PC)

3Main Computers

Main Computers

4)Super Computers:(SYBER)(CDC)

.

Super Computers


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.4

19451959:

1945(INICE):*

.*.

*.*.

19591964::*.*.*.

*.*.

19641970:(IC)Integrated Circuit.

19701995:

*(IC).

*

(PC.)*

(Pintume)100.

*

(RAM)Random Access Memory(ROM)Read Only Memory.*

(Windows).

1995:

*.*(CD-ROM)(Flash Memory).

*(ROBOT)(.)

*.

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