DOKUMENTASI kkp UNTUK MakmalASAS PENYEDIAAN DOKUMENTASI KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN UNTUK MAKMAL

Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol (Grad. IEM)razman.pe@gmail.com

013-771-7573

MBA (Engineering Management) – UniMAP (2012)Bachelor in Engineering (Mechanical) (Honors) – Uni. Malaya (2002)

Cert. in Safety & Health Officer – FMM/NIOSH (SHO-2876-J)Cert. in Training - HRDF Train the Trainer (TTT/8072)

Cert. of Trainer for Safety Induction for Construction Workers – NIOSH (J-SCW0599-L)Cert. of Wiremen Single Phase (PW-T-1-B-0097-2011)

BIODATA PENCERAMAH

ATURCARA Sesi pagi Pengenalan Perundangan Dokumentasi HIRARC Interaktif

Sesi petang SOP Interaktif

PENGENALAN KESELAMATAN• Apa itu Keselamatan?• Kenapa Keselamatan penting?

PENGENALAN KESELAMATAN

Gambarajah: Safety Institute of Australia

DEFINISI Kesihatan Pekerjaan Perlindungan tubuh badan dan minda dari penyakit yang berpunca daripada tempat kerja

Keselamatan Pekerjaan Perlindungan pekerja daripada kecederaan fizikal di tempat kerja

DEFINISI Kemudahan kebajikan Kemudahan untuk mengekalkan kesihatan dan kesejahteraan

pekerja di tempat kerja seperti tandas, kawasan rehat atau kafe

Kemalangan Sebarang kejadian yang tidak dirancang yang menyebabkan

kecederaan atau penyakit kepada orang atau kerosakan harta benda atau persekitaran atau kehilangan peluang perniagaan atau kombinasi

Hasil daripada rentetan peristiwa membawa kepada kemalangan

DEFINISI Kejadian nyaris Kejadian yang berpotensi menyebabkan

kemalangan

Kejadian berbahaya Kemalangan nyaris yang boleh membawa

kepada kemalangan besar - kecederaan serius atau kematian

Contoh - Keruntuhan perancah atau tambak

DEFINISI Kejadian nyaris Kejadian yang berpotensi menyebabkan

kemalangan

Kejadian berbahaya Kemalangan nyaris yang boleh membawa

kepada kemalangan besar - kecederaan serius atau kematian

Contoh - Keruntuhan perancah atau tambak

DEFINISI Kejadian nyaris Kejadian yang berpotensi menyebabkan

kemalangan

Kejadian berbahaya Kemalangan nyaris yang boleh membawa

kepada kemalangan besar - kecederaan serius atau kematian

Contoh - Keruntuhan perancah atau tambak

DEFINISI Bahaya Potensi sesuatu bahan iaitu, orang,

aktiviti, proses untuk menyebabkan kemudaratan

Risiko Kemungkinan bahaya akan berlaku dan

menyebabkan kesan / keterukan

DEFINISI Tindakan tak Selamat Perbuatan atau kelakuan seseorang yang berpotensi boleh menyebabkan kemudaratan kepada sesuatu

Keadaan tak selamat Syarat atau keadaan yang berpotensi boleh menyebabkan kemudaratan kepada sesuatu

PERBUATAN TAK SELAMAT

DIMANA HAZARD?

PERUNDANGAN• FMA 1967• OSHA 1994

PART II - SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE FMA 1967

Section 13. Provisions against fire.

Without prejudice to any law with respect to local authorities, in every factory there shall be taken such precautions against fire, and there shall be provided and maintained, such means of escape in case of fire other than means of exit in ordinary use, and such means of extinguishing fire as may be prescribed

PART II - SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE FMA 1967

Section 20. Duties of persons employed.

(1) No person employed in any factory or in any place where any machinery is installed shall wilfully interfere with or misuse any means, appliance, convenience or other thing provided in pursuance of this Act for securing the safety, health or welfare of the persons employed in the factory or the place where the machinery is installed; and when any means or appliance for securing safety, health or welfare is provided for the use of the person under this Act, he shall make use of such means or such appliance.

PART II - SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE FMA 1967

Section 24. Personal protective clothing and appliances.

Where in any factory persons are exposed to a wet or dusty process, to noise, to heat or to any poisonous, corrosive or other injurious substance which is liable to cause bodily injury to those persons the Minister may prescribe the provision and maintenance for use of those persons suitable and adequate personal protective clothing and appliances including where necessary goggles, gloves, leggings, caps, foot-wear and protective ointment or lotion.

PART IV - NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS OCCURENCE AND DANGEROUS DISEASES FMA 1967

Section 31. Accidents and dangerous occurrence to be reported. - causes loss of life to any person; - causes serious bodily injury to any person; - causes bodily injury to any person so that the person is prevented from following his normal occupation for more than three clear days excluding the day of the accident; or - causes serious damage to machinery or other property,

PART IV - NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS OCCURENCE AND DANGEROUS DISEASES FMA 1967

Section 31, continue; or any dangerous occurrence takes place in any factory or in connection with any machinery, the occupier shall report the accident or dangerous occurrence to the Inspector having jurisdiction for the area in which the accident or dangerous occurrence has taken place by the quickest means available and subsequently with the least possible delay, report in writing to the Inspector in the prescribed form the facts of the matter so far as they are known to him.

PART IV - NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS OCCURENCE AND DANGEROUS DISEASES FMA 1967

Section 32. Notification of occupational diseases. (1) Every registered medical practitioner attending on, or called in to visit, a patient whom he believes to be suffering from any of the diseases named in the Third Schedule and contracted in a factory shall, unless such notice has been previously sent—

(a)forthwith sent to the Chief Inspector a notice stating the name and location of the factory in which the patient states he is or was last employed, the name and full postal address of the patient and the disease from which, in the opinion of the registered medical practitioner, the patient is suffering; and

(b) at the same time send a copy of the notice to the occupier of the factory in which the patient states he is or was last employed.

PART IV OSHA 1994 General duties of employers and self-employed persons Section 15. General duties of employers and self-employed persons to their employees.

(1) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees.

PART IV OSHA 1994 General duties of employers and self-employed persons

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the matters to which the duty extends include in particular:

(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health;

(b) the making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as is practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances;

(c) the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety and health at work of his employees;

PART IV OSHA 1994 General duties of employers and self-employed persons

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the matters to which the duty extends include in particular:

(d) so far as is practicable, as regards any place of work under the control of the employer or self-employed person, the maintenance of it in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks;

(e) the provision and maintenance of a working environment for his employees that is, so far as is practicable, safe, without risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at work.

PART VI OSHA 1994 General duties of employees

Section 24 (1) stated: It shall be the duty of every employee while at work-

(a) to take reasonable care for the safety and health of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work;

(b) to co-operate with his employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on the employer or that other person by this Act or any regulation made there under;

(c) to wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing provided by the employer for the purpose of preventing risks to his safety and health; and

(d) to comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health instituted by his employer or any other person by or under this Act or any regulation made there under.;

DOKUMENTASI

Dokumen ialah kertas kerja/ buku/lampiran yang mengandungi

infomasi tertentu, rekod dan laporan terperinci mengenai

sesuatu.

DOKUMENTASIDokumen terbahagi: Manual Prosidur Arahan Rekod termasuk senarai semak

MANUALManual menyediakan maklumat am

mengenai spesifikasi, peraturan, pengaturcaraan dan aktiviti pengurusan

“road map” kepada dokumen lainKoleksi arahan dan prosidurMematuhi piawaian yang ditetapkan

MANUAL Selalunya mengandungi Polisi Organisasi, peranan, tanggungjawab dan

akauntabiliti HIRARC Infomasi staf – kompetensi, rekod kursus Prosidur, arahan dan dokumen lain yang

perlu

PROSIDUR Terjemahkan polisi, objektif dan program

sesuatu organisasi kepada spesifik arahan Menyediakan Maklumat terperinci Keseragaman (standard) Kesinambungan dan konsistensi Asas kepada pemantauan, pengawalan, audit

dan kajian semula

ARAHAN Menerangkan bagaimana sesuatu kerja

dilakukan Menyediakan maklumat terperinci untuk Melaksanakan kerja Tempoh masa Keputusan/hasil kerja yang dikehendaki Penggunaan borang (rekod)

REKOD Rekod – dokumen untuk memantau pelaksanaan Terdiri Borang – dokumen untuk merekod Laporan – huraian pelaksanaan Register – senarai rekod nama, peristiwa, transaksi

dll Senarai semak – keseragaman dalam pelaksanaan

kerja

PENYEDIAAN PROSIDUR Fokus kerja yang kritikal/penting Jangan banyak – tak baca pun &

penat nak update Jelas, jitu & spesifik kepada tugasan Meliputi setiap detik: sebelum,

semasa dan selepas kerja

PENYEDIAAN PROSIDUR “User friendly” Komprehensif Ambil perhatian kejadian buruk/

malapetaka Untuk keberkesanan perlu: Sertakan latihan dan pemantauan Kaji semula & kemaskini

KELULUSAN Endorsed by boss Acknowledged by Pengurus PIC PKKP Ketua-ketua….

Kandungan am prosidur Setiap prosidur harus ada:

Tajuk/Perkara Objecktif/tujuan Skop Langkah prosidur Carta alir Tarikh efektif Tanggungjawab Kelulusan Revision number

KAWALAN DOKUMENTASI PIC dilantik Pastikan keseragaman dan teratur Elak kepincangan Kebocoran Pemantauan & audit Dokumen terkini

HIRARC• Kenalpasti faktor yang boleh/berpotensi menyebabkan

kemudharatan kepada pekerja dan orang lain

• Untuk menganalisa/mempertimbangkan risiko

• Membolehkan majikan merancang, melaksanakan, memantau dan membuat penambahbaikan langkah-langkah pencegahan atau pembetulan supaya risiko dapat dikawal

HIRARC

Kelaskan aktiviti

Laksanakan

Rancang langkah kawalan

Konsultansi

Camkan bahaya

Akses risiko

Pekerja Majikan

Kaji semula

HIRARC

Klasifikasi aktiviti kerja Geografi kawasan fizikal di dalam / di luar

premis

Peringkat-peringkat dalam proses pengeluaran / perkhidmatan

Tugas ditakrifkan: loading, pembungkusan, pencampuran atau memasang pintu

CAMKAN BAHAYA Kerja/operasi yang kritikal (bahaya signifikan) Menekan hazard khusus kepada kerja,

tempat atau peralatan Hazard secara am: Kesihatan Keselamatan Pesekitaran

Kaedah CAMKAN BAHAYA Pemerhatian Rujukan Laporan Pemeriksaan kawasan Aduan Audit

BAHAYA KESIHATAN Boleh menyebabkan penyakit kepada individu Boleh menyebabkan kesan akut atau serta-

merta atau jangka panjang (kronik) masalah Boleh mengelaskan kepada: Bahan kimia Biologi Agen-agen fizikal Reka bentuk kerja

BAHAYA KESELAMATAN Sebarang kuasa yang cukup kuat untuk

menyebabkan kecederaan atau kerosakan kepada harta

Contoh: Tergelincir Kebakaran Bekerja di tempat tinggi Sistem tekanan Mengangkat dan pengendalian manual, dll

BAHAYA PERSEKITARAN Pelepasan ke persekitaran (i.e. alam

sekitar) yang boleh menyebabkan mudarat atau menjejaskan kualiti atau keadaannya

Contoh: seorang pekerja yang mengalir glikol dan melepaskan cecair ke dalam sistem pembetungan

PUNCA BAHAYA

PUNCA BAHAYA

PUNCA BAHAYA

PUNCA BAHAYA

PUNCA BAHAYA

PUNCA BAHAYA

MENILAI RISIKO Menentukan kebarangkalian dan

keparahan sesuatu kemalangan Mengukur magnitud Mengelaskan keutamaan Dilaksanakan Kualitatif Kuantitatif Semi-kuantitatif

PENDEKATAN: MENILAI RISIKO Penilaian Risiko Kualitatif: Menggunakan skala

"Rendah, Sederhana, Tinggi" untuk menunjukkan kemungkinan berlakunya risiko kejadian berlaku.

Penilaian Risiko Kuantitatif: memerlukan pengiraan dua komponen risiko (R) :, magnitud potensi kerugian (L), dan kebarangkalian (p) bahawa kerugian akan berlaku.

Risiko Semi-Kuantitatif: digunakan untuk menggambarkan skala risiko relatif.

PENDEKATAN: MENILAI RISIKO

PENDEKATAN: MENILAI RISIKO

PENDEKATAN: MENILAI RISIKO

JADUAL RISIKO

KAWALAN RISIKO Penghapusan atau nyahaktif sesuatu

hazad/bahaya supaya tidak akan menimbulkan risiko kepada pekerja

Pengurangan risiko agar tahap kecederaan atau tahap kebarangkalian diminimakan

Keberkesanan bergantung kepada kerjasama dan komitmen majikan dan pekerja

KAWALAN RISIKO

HIRARKI KAWALAN RISIKO

BORANG HIRARC

MELENGKAP BORANG hirarcScenario 1: Wood panel cutting processA team of two workers operates a cross-cut saw machine. Their work includes loading wood panel onto the machine, cutting the wood and unloading the cut wood. They also need to repair and maintain the machine regularly as well as to change the blades of the machine.

1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Analysis 3. Risk control

No Work activity

Hazard Which can cause/effect

Existing risk control(if any)

L S R Recommendation control measures

Due date/status

1 Loading the machine with wood

Cutting blades

Cuts/ first aid type injury

Safe work practice

4 1 4 (low) Used leather hand glove

Andy (26 July 2007/ completed)

2 Operating the machine

Unguarded machine

Hand get caught into rotating parts

Safe work practice/ daily pre-use check and regular maintenance

3 3 12 (medium)

To fix L-guard Chia (26 Ogos 2007/ In progress)

1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Analysis 3. Risk control

No Work activity Hazard Which can cause/effect

Existing risk control(if any)

L S R Recommendation control measures

Due date/status

Flying fragments

Serious cuts & eye injury by flying fragments of blade that break during cutting

Warning signs, training, safety goggles

4 3 12 (Medium)

Use stronger blades,To Fix L-guard install

Mutu (26 Ogos 2007/ completed)

3 Unloading cut wood

Heavy load Muscular strain/ back pain

Manual lifting procedure

3 1 3 (Low) Use mechanical lifter Fuad (20 Ogos 2007/ KIV)

4 Repair and maintenance of the machine

Unguarded machine, unsafe work practice

Serious cuts from blade and getting caught in rotating parts if machine is accidentally started

Cover ‘on button’ safe work practice

4 4 16 (High) To make delay start button

Ahmad (18 Ogos 2007/ Completed)

PROSIDUR KERJA SELAMAT• “Safe working procedure”• Langkah demi langkah yang membolehkan

pekerja untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja mereka dengan selamat apabila bahaya yang hadir.

• Mengenal pasti bahan-bahan dan peralatan yang diperlukan dan bagaimana untuk menggunakannya dengan selamat.

PROSIDUR KERJA SELAMATGunakan dalam:• Kerja berisiko tinggi yang kritikal di mana

kemalangan yang mempunyai• Kerja-kerja yang berbahaya di mana

kemalangan kerap berlaku• Tugas baru telah diperkenalkan• Peralatan baru telah ditambah ke dalam

proses

PROSIDUR KERJA SELAMATSatu kerja yang memerlukan banyak tugasan terperinci mesti termasuk:• Keperluan peraturan/perundangan• PPE• Latihan yang diperlukan• Tanggungjawab pekerja• Langkah-langkah spesifik yang perlu dipatuhi untuk

menyiapkan kerja dengan selamat• Permit masuk/mula kerja jika diperlukan• Prosedur kecemasan

KESIMPULANDokumentasi penting untuk keseragaman, piawaian, kelancaran sesuatu pekerjaanBoleh menjamin aturan kerja disamping pencegahan daripada bahayaHIRARC adalah asas untuk dokementasi dalam bidang berkaitan OSHHIRARC yang efektif, sesuai dan baik dapat membantu menangani permasalahan KKP ditempat kerja