metaphors result in technology (?) kees doevendans darmstadt, 22-03-02
Post on 21-Dec-2015
219 views
TRANSCRIPT
USO-Built
• Multi-disciplinary network
• α-, β- and γ-sciences
• inter- or trans-disciplinary approach
• intentional, structural and functional dimension
USO-Built as δ• δ-science: to interweave α-, β- and γ-
sciences and dimensions by design and research or even:
• Research by Design?
• We are a δ of different scientific cultures
• Next step: α + β + γ + δ = Σ-science ?
Science
• Modernity: strong tendency to natural science
• Technology: applied science
• Idealization of natural science: generalization, rejection of case studies
Counter tendency
• phenomenology vs natural science
• ideographic vs nomothetical
• intuition, instinct vs empirical
• Verstehen vs Erklären
• Imagination vs description
• Phronetic science
Phronetic science
• Reflexive Modernity (Ulrich Beck):
• Hermeneutic and aesthetic reflexivity (Scott Lash)
• Phronesis: H-G. Gadamer
Phronesis
• Episteme: Scientific knowledge. Universal, invariable, context-independent. Based on general analytical rationality.
• Techne: Craft/art. Pragmatic, variable, context-dependent. Oriented toward production. Based on practical instrumental rationality governed by a conscious goal.
• Phronesis: Ethics. Deliberation about values with reference to praxis. Pragmatic, variable, context-dependent. Oriented toward action. Based on practical value-rationality.
Scientific development
• β: let us make a new measurement
versus:
• α: let us find a new metaphor
or:
• natural sciences also based on metaphors?
Narrative science
John Milbank (1990):
• All science is narrative science,
even natural science, so:
• distinction between Verstehen and Erklaren is a mistake
Language
• If science is narrative science, we have to do with language
• Problem of modernity: to link speech and reality, speech and phenomenon
• Metaphor is instrument to bridge the gap
• Metaphor is kind of pre-scientific concept
O.M. Ungers as example
Morphologie - City Metaphors (1982)
1 Phenomenon
2 Metaphor
3 Naming of the phenomenon based on the metaphor
‘Naming’
• If you cannot name it, it does not exist
• ‘Naming and Necessity’ (Saul Kripke); possibilism versus actualism
• Research by Design seen as creation of possible worlds, versus:
• Phronetic science as actualism?
Vidler as example: root metaphors
• 1st typology: nature - city as garden, urban designer as gardener - mimesis
• 2nd typology: city is a machine, the root metaphor for functionalism
• 3th typology: city is history - ontology, morphology
• 4th typology: ?
Burgess (1)
• ‘The Growth of a City’
• Natural science was key metaphor
• City is a living organism, a human body, a plant community
Burgess (2)
• Rhetoric power to link the city to natural science
• Metaphor was general concept for cities
• Metaphor structured approach: form and process
Ontology of difference
• Nietzsche: scientific concept is worn-out metaphor >
• Crisis of (scientific) re-presentation >
• Withdraw from, deconstruct the metaphor, see the between the phenomenon and the scientific object made of it >
• Find new metaphors
Metaphor &Technology I
‘Root metaphor’
• The Heavenly Jerusalem: bleuprint planning, man took God’s place (modernism)
• Babel: disturbed culture (postmodernism)
Metaphor & Technology II
• Technology is applied natural science
• Natural science is based on metaphors
Metaphor &Technology IIIa
Paradigms
• 20th Century Paradigm:
• City as a living organism, city as machine were the key metaphors of 20th century urbanism: organic modernism
• Grounded on this metaphors the functionalist paradigm was developed
Metaphor &Technology IIIb
• This paradigm became a technology in its post-paradigmatic period (finalized science)
• Finalized science, based on a worn-out metaphor; accepted technology has lost its meaning; postmodern technology?
Metaphor & Technology IV
• Technology = Design
• Design = design philosophy based on metaphors
Deleuze / Guattari / Sap: New metaphors, new ontology, new design philosophy: Smooth - Striated Space, The Fold, Territory, Event, Plane, Rhizome, State … etc.
Paradigm shift: New Metaphors
• City as history: the city as artifact
• The city as text, palimpsest (narrative science!)
• The city is a landscape
• The city is a body without organs
• The city is not a tree, but a rhizome
User-Orientation
Combination of modes, dimensions• IRU 1: Intentional - Structural
• IRU 2: Structural - Functional
• IRU 3: Functional - Intentional