metropolitan planning and management in southern...

남가주지역의 광역적 계획과 관리

Metropolitan Planning and Management in Southern

California

Metropolitan Planning and Management in Southern California


최성연

Seong-Youn Choi, Ph.D., AICP Chief Demographer

Southern California Association of Governments [email protected]

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?

• Growth Planning: Process & Linkage

• Smart Growth & Regional



• Smart Growth & Regional Visioning

• Monitoring

• Conclusions

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?


• Smart Growth& Regional



• Smart Growth& Regional Visioning

• Monitoring

• Conclusions

Southern CaliforniaSouthern California



Southern CaliforniaSouthern California •6 Counties

•187 Cities

•38,000 square miles

•18.5 million people

•15th largest



•15th largest economy in the world

SCAG ISSCAG IS

MM etropolitan

PP lanning

OO rganization

RR egional

TT ransportation

PP lanning

AA

Federal Designation State Designation

Joint Powers Authority (JPA), founded on October 28, 1965

the Largest Regional Planning



AA gency

CC ouncil

OO f

GG overnments

Planning Agency in the United States

SCAG is Structured to

Resolve Regional Issues

SCAG is Structured to

Resolve Regional Issues

Cities Too

Small

State Too BIG

A Regional

Forum that

The Solution



City Hall State of California

Forum that

fosters

collaboration

and cooperation

to compete

globally and

flourish locally

SCAG Deals WithSCAG Deals With Regional Issues

Transportation

Housing

Goods Movement



Air Quality

Waste Management

Economic Growth

Urban Sprawl

SCAG Also Acts AsSCAG Also Acts As An InformationClearing House

Growth

Mapping

• Forecasting

-600,000

-400,000

-200,000

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

SCAG Region California

-600,000

-400,000

-200,000

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

SCAG Region California



Regional Statistics and Data

Growth Forecasting-800,000

70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-00 00-05 05-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

-800,000

70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-00 00-05 05-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

10,090

11,642

14,732

16,616

18,759

20,627

22,410

23,937

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

25,000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Decision MakingDecision Making



Makes All DecisionsMakes All Decisions

• 77 Members

• Elected Officials from 65 Districts• 7 County Representatives• 3 County Transportation



• 3 County Transportation Commission Representatives• 1 Member at Large• 1 Tribal Government Leader

• Receive Advice From Policy Committees

Transportation & Communications

Committee

Community, Economic & Human

Development

Energy & Environment Committee



Committee

Administration Committee

Committees Composed of Local Elected Officials,Including Subregional Representatives.

Transportation & Communications

Committee

Community, Economic & Human

Development

Energy & Environment Committee

•Forecasting

•Goods Movement

•Aviation

•Regional Transit

•Regional TDM

•Maglev

•RTP TAC



Committee

Administration Committee

•Communications/Membership

•Strategic Plan

•Forecasting

•RHNA

•RCP

•Benchmarks

•Growth Visioning

•Modeling

•RTP TAC

•Trans. Finance

•4 Corners

•Southwest Compact

•CETAP

•RSTIS•Water Policy

•Solid Waste

•14 in Total

•SCAG provides funding and assistance to subregions to facilitate planning activities

Subregions ProvideLocal Input

Subregions ProvideLocal Input



activities

•Part of SCAG’s commitment to inclusive, participatoryplanning

SCAG’s Focus Is OnSCAG’s Focus Is On

RegionalGOVERNMENT

RegionalCOOPERATION



GOVERNMENTCOOPERATION

SCAG is a Voluntary Membership Organization

Requires Close Collaboration with Partner OrganizationsRequires Close Collaboration with Partner Organizations

SCAG

FEDERAL FEDERAL STATESTATEHighway (FHA)

Transit (FTA)

Aviation (FAA)

Railroad (FRA)

Transportation

(DOT/CTC/BT&H)

Air Quality (CARB)

Councils of Government



SCAG

LOCAL LOCAL COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYSubregions

General Public

Planning Orgs.

Transportation Orgs.

Transportation

Commissions

Air Quality Management

Districts

Railroad (FRA)

Environment (EPA)

Housing (HUD)

Councils of Government

(CALCOG)

Housing (BT&H)

Activities Are Funded ByActivities Are Funded By

Federal (81%) & State (2%) Transportation and Other Planning Grants, Local (14%)

$



Membership Dues (3%)

Regional Council Activities

Annual General Assembly

Legislation Coordination

$

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?


• Smart Growth& Regional



• Smart Growth& Regional Visioning

• Monitoring

• Conclusions

Planning Process and LinkagePlanning Process and LinkagePolicy

Time

Geography



Linkage:

Population

Households

Employment

Transportation

Environment

Public Participation & Collaboration

Planning Process and LinkagePlanning Process and Linkage

Employment

projection

Employment

projection

Large Area Small Area

(Land Use)

Policy: Business as Usual, Economic Growth, Smart Growth, Land Use,

Transportation, Environment, Performance Standard

Transportation

Transportation:

HTW-Time

Transit Use

VHD

VMT

VHT

Performance

Measures



Public Participation and Collaboration: Panel of Experts, Subregional or Local

Review, Input from Stakeholders /Data Users, Public Outreach, Technical

Committee, Policy Committee, Regional Council

Population

projection

Household

projection

Population

projection

Household

projection

VHT

Environment:

ROG

CO

NOx

PM10

Gasoline Use

Environment


Employment

projection

Population

Employment

projection

Population


(Land Use)



Transportation

Transportation:

HTW-Time

Transit Use

VHD

VMT

VHT

Performance

Measures






Population

projection

Household

projection

Population

projection

Household

projection

VHT

Environment:

ROG

CO

NOx

PM10

Gasoline Use

Environment


Employment

projection

Population

Employment

projection

Population


(Land Use)

Policy: Business as Usual, Economic Growth, Smart Growth, land Use,


Transportation

Transportation:

HTW-Time

Transit Use

VHD

VMT

VHT

Performance

Measures






Population

projection

Household

projection

Population

projection

Household

projection

VHT

Environment:

ROG

CO

NOx

PM10Gasoline Use

Environment


Employment

projection

Population

Employment

projection

Population


(Land Use)

Policy: Business as Usual, Economic Growth, Smart Growth, Land use,


Transportation

Transportation:

HTW-Time

Transit Use

VHD

VMT

VHT

Performance

Measures






Population

projection

Household

projection

Population

projection

Household

projection

VHT

Environment:

ROG

CO

NOx

PM10

Gasoline Use

Environment


Employment

projection

Population

Employment

projection

Population


(Land Use)



Transportation

Transportation:

HTW-Time

Transit Use

VHD

VMT

VHT

Performance

Measures






Population

projection

Household

projection

Population

projection

Household

projection

VHT

Environment:

ROG

CO

NOx

PM10

Gasoline Use

Environment

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?






• Monitoring

• Conclusions

Regional Initiative and Networking

Regional Initiative and Networking

• Growth visioning: Portland, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Chicago have used this growth visioning to successfully get in front of growth.



• Smart Growth Network (1996): the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency joined with several non-profit and government organizations to form the Smart Growth Network (SGN).

Project Vision: To Plan Without BoundariesProject Vision: To Plan Without Boundaries

Portland, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Chicago have used this process to successfully get in front of growth



Regional VisioningRegional Visioning

• Survey

• Public Workshops



SurveySurvey• Concerns:

– Traffic congestion (86%),

– Air pollution (84%),

– Water/grounded water pollution (83%)

• Policy options:



• Policy options:

– Planning for growth (78%),

– High density newer neighborhoods with careful design (72%),

– Redevelop blighted areas in existing neighborhoods (71%).

Public WorkshopsPublic Workshops

• 13 workshops, more than 1000 participants

• Growth game: Participants build



• Growth game: Participants build scenarios

Public Workshops:Participants build scenarios

Public Workshops:Participants build scenarios



The Workshop Game PiecesThe Workshop Game Pieces



The Workshop Exercise:Starter Chip Sets

The Workshop Exercise:Starter Chip Sets

#2

116 Chips116 Chips

#3 #4

#1

103 Chips103 Chips



Four different Four different ways to ways to

accommodate accommodate projected projected

growth for the growth for the regionregion

127 Chips127 Chips 164 Chips164 Chips

Public WorkshopsPublic Workshops

• Presentations of alternative growth scenarios

• Analysis of scenarios established four overriding growth vision principles and smart growth strategies



• Positive result: demonstrated the importance of transportation corridors.

• Challenging issue: balance small area growth allocation with a regional perspective.

Growth Vision Principles and Strategies


MOBILITYLocate new housing near existing

jobs and new jobs near existing

housing

Encourage transit-oriented



Encourage transit-oriented

development

Promote a variety of travel

choices



LIVABILITYPromote infill development and

redevelopment to revitalize

existing communities



Promote mixed-use development

Promote walkable communities



PROSPERITYProvide, in each community, a

variety of housing types to meet

the needs of all income levels



Support growth of industries that

offer high-paying jobs and allow

upward mobility

Ensure environmental justice



SUSTAINABLITYPreserve rural, agricultural and

environmentally sensitive areas

Focus development in urban



Focus development in urban

centers

Develop strategies to

accommodate growth that use

resources efficiently, eliminate

pollution and reduce waste

Scenario PlanningScenario Planning

• Integrated land use – transportation analysis

• Two “Bookends” along with several traditional scenarios

• PILUT 1 – Infill Scenario



• PILUT 1 – Infill Scenario

• PILUT 2 – Fifth Ring Scenario

• “Growth Vision” Scenario – Built From:• Survey

• Public Workshops

• PILUT Scenarios

PILUT 1 ScenarioIncremental Growth




Benefits of Smart Growth on TAE Measures

Benefits of Smart Growth on TAE Measures

TAE Measures Baseline* Smart Growth** Change*** % Change**** Benefits of Smart Growth*****

Transportation

Transit (Person Trips) (millions) 1.49 2.22 0.73 48.8% 24.2%

Avg Trip Length: Home-to-Work Travel Time (minutes) 25.9 20.6 -5.3 -20.5% 15.3%

Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) (millions) 488.76 459.69 -29.07 -5.9% 29.7%

Vehicle Hours Travelled (VHT) (millions) 15.36 13.09 -2.27 -14.8% 16.3%



Vehicle Hours Delay (VHD) (millions) 3.69 2.13 -1.56 -42.2% 11.9%

Air Quality (tons)

ROG 87.3 82.1 -5.2 -5.9% 39.2%

CO 659.3 608.2 -51.2 -7.8% 26.0%

NOx 135.9 133.6 -2.3 -1.7% 64.2%

PM10 24.4 22.4 -2.0 -8.2% 23.4%

SOx 3.0 2.8 -0.2 -6.8% 25.0%

Energy Consumption (1000 gallons)

Gasoline 24569 22364 -2206 -9.0% 22.6%

Household Growth 2010-2030 (without Growth Vision)


Metropolitan Planning and Management in Southern California The 2004 SCAG Regional Transportation Plan

Household Growth 2010-2030 (with Growth Vision)


Metropolitan Planning and Management in Southern California The 2004 SCAG Regional Transportation Plan

• Target “Growth Opportunity Areas” as portrayed in the Compass Blueprint

• Demonstrate local benefits of development consistent with regional goals

25-35 Local

Demonstration

Projects will be

completed

throughout the

Southern

Demonstration ProjectsDemonstration Projects



goals

• Demonstrate cooperation with other local governments

• Promote replicabilty throughout the region

Southern

California Region

by June 2007

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?






• Monitoring

• Conclusions

Intergovernmental Review(IGR)

Intergovernmental Review(IGR)

• Regional Clearinghouse for review of all submitted plans, plan changes, projects and programs for consistency with adopted regional plans and



adopted regional plans and policies.

BenchmarkingBenchmarking

• Monitor the performance indicators through a benchmarking process in the annual “State of the Region”



annual “State of the Region” report.

Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS)Highway Performance

Monitoring System (HPMS)

• Transportation monitoring and management tool

• Determine the allocation of Federal Aid Funds, to assist in setting policies and to forecast future



policies and to forecast future transportation needs as it analyzes the transportation system's length, condition and performance.

• Provides data to the Environmental protection Agency (EPA) to assist in monitoring air quality conformity.

ContentsContents

• What is SCAG?






• Monitoring

• Conclusions

Conclusions: Strengths


• Collaborative and Participatory active and meaningful

• Representative

• Consensus builder



• Consensus builder

• Scenario/Performance based

• Financially constrained

• Integrated… land use, transportation, environment



• Balance of Planning and Development

• Smart growth and regional visioning is effective as an



visioning is effective as an educational and learning tool

Conclusions: WeaknessesConclusions: Weaknesses

• No regulatory power – Smart growth implementation strategies (2% strategies) play a decisive role in future urban form.

• County approach• Urban form effects of smart growth



• Urban form effects of smart growth are small– Sprawl continues with smart growth.– Vision seems an extension (a slight modification) of baseline trends with local visions.

– Smart growth is “small scale”

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Thank You



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