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MEX.1

Independence MovementPurity of the Catholic FaithBlood of National Heroes

Aztec symbolism in the center legend tells that aneagle devouring a serpent on a cactus was to be thelocation of the capitol city

M e x i c a n S t y l e N a m e s

First Name, Fathers Surname deMothers Maiden Name.

John Friesen de Klassen

Somalian names involve your givenname, Fathers Name, GrandfathersName, Great-Grandfathers name, etc.

John Marlyn John (John John)Sher Rodney August (Sher August)John & Sher are married but may not have similarnames.John & Shers son is Evan John Marlyn (Evan Marlyn)Many Somalis in the US Ellis Island their namebecause its easier

Independence

Miguel HidalgoParish Priest issued a call for the end of Spanish misrulein 1810Began a series of wars of independence that lasted forthe next 11 years.

Independence gained in 1821, but Mexicostruggled to create a stable and legitimategovernment for decades

Disagreements between liberals and conservatives;federalists and centralists; power of the church & anti-clerical factions

Between 1833 and 1855 there were 36 presidentialadministrationsLost half of their territory to the Colossus of the North

Por f i r i a to (1876-1911)

Porfirio DiazPopular general who was elected PresidentImposed a highly centralized & authoritariansystemRelied upon a small clique of cientificos whowanted to adopt European technologies andvalues to modernize MexicoThe people became increasingly sensitive tothe greed of the Profirians and their own lack of opportunities

Diaz pledged himself to open elections in 1910but reneged when the opposition looked tostrongit was and he fled into exile.

Revolut ion o f 1910

Francisco Madero elected President andwas soon assassinated political order inMexico collapsedPeasant Revolts

Emiliano ZapataFrancisco (Pancho) VillaDemanded agrarian reform

Some modicum of stability re-establishedafter the 1917 Constitution but violencecontinued to be a political tool in Mexico

Zapata, Villla, and Presidents Carranza and Obregon allassassinated

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So r n o ra n Dy n a s t y

Power consolidated in the hands of agroup in the North and Plutarco Callesemerged as the jefe maximo Committed to a capitalist model of developmentCalles brought together many of themost powerful contenders forleadership to create a political party

Contenders for power would accommodate eachother interests in the expectation that withoutpolitical violence, the country would prosper andthey would be able to r eap the benefits of evengreater power and economic spoils

First called PartidoNacional

Revolucionario thenPartido de la

Revolucin Mexicanathen Partido

RevolucionarioInstitucional

Five resul t s o f the 1910Revolu t ion

1. Power of the traditional rural landowners was

undercut2. Power of the Catholic Church in the national

political debate was curtailed (anticlericism)3. Power of foreign investors was severely limited4. New political elite consolidated power and

agreed to resolve conflicts throughaccommodation and bargaining rather thanthrough violence

5. New Constitution and new party laid the basisfor strong central government that couldassert its power over the agricultural,industrial, an social development of thecountry

L za r o C r d e na s

Crdenas was handpicked asCalles successor Cardenasquickly exiled his formerpatronMobilized peasants andworkers in pursuit of the moreradical goals of the 1910Revolution

Ejidos and ejiditarios Encouraged workers to form unions

Cl ien te l i sm

Cardenas successors were able to use theinstitutions he created to counterat his reformsPRI provided union and ejido leaders with jobs,opportunities for corrucption, land, and otherbenefits in return for delivering their followers political supportThe cement that built loyalty to the PRI and thepolitical systemPost-Cardenas presidents were able to reorientthe countrys develop away from egalitariansocial goals towards a development strategy

that stressed industrialization.

Ya B as t a !

EZLN aka the ZapatistasClaim to the be the current-day heirs of Zapatasland-reform revolution in the early 20 th century

Chiapas state Many indigenous MayaSubcomandante Marcos is the spokesperson of the EZLNRebellion began on 1/1/94 the day NAFTA wentinto effectDemanded jobs, land, housing, food, health,education, independence, freedom, democracy,

justice, peace, and a repeal of NAFTA Movement of indigenous people and part of thewider anti-globalization movement

Ya B as t a!

Government Action Army was called into the suppress the armedpeasants (some with fake wooden guns) and retakethe 4 captured towns.Increased military presenceSignificant effect on the 1994 election as partiescompeted to identify with the spirit of the rebelsPRI spent $200 million on social programs andinfrastructure in Chiapas in the months leading up tothe election

EZLN continues to communicate theirdemands with the Sixth Declaration of the Lacandonian Jungle