8/19/2019 Microang Hemolyt Anemia

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Causes of Red Blood Cell Fragmentation Hemolysis

Damaged microvasculature

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura–hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP–HUS)

Associated with pregnancy Preeclampsia or eclampsia! hemolysis plus elevated liveren"ymes plus low platelets (H#$$P syndrome)

Associated with malignancy% with or without mitomycin & treatment

'asculitis Polyarteritis% egener granulomatosis% acute glomerulonephritis% or  Rickettsiali*e

in+ections

Abnormalities o+ renal vasculature ,alignant hypertension% acute glomerulonephritis%scleroderma% or allogra+t re-ection% with or without cyclosporine treatment

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

,alignant hypertension

&atastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Atrioventricular mal+ormations

.asabach–,erritt syndrome

Hemangioendotheliomas

Atrioventricular shunts +or congenital and ac/uired conditions (e0g0% stents% coils% trans-ugular

intrahepatic portosystemic shunt% $evine shunts)

&ardiac abnormalities

1eplaced valve% prosthesis% gra+t% or patch

Aortic stenosis or regurgitant -ets (e0g0% in ruptured sinus o+ 'alsalva)

Drugs &yclosporine% mitomycin% ticlopidine% tacrolimus% or cocaine