migration in china
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Post on 04-Jun-2015
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DESCRIPTION
Esta apresentação foi exibida durante o seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”, realizado nos dias 21 e 22 de fevereiro, em Brasília. Veja mais em: www.sae.gov.brTRANSCRIPT
Migration in China is not only related
to time and space, but also related to the
hukou status (household registration)
Migrants: whose residence at the time of census is not the same
as hukou registration place (town or streets) →they move across
administrative border without hukou status change
Note: the identity remains even if they stay in destination for
more than 10 years
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
7
Migrant size and average increase rate
6.5718.1
70.73
221.43
147.35
102.29
21.35
0
50
100
150
200
250
1982 1987 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Mig
rant
siz
e (
in m
illio
n)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Annual in
cre
ase r
ate
8
Migration profile, 2005-2010
• Size – household registration differs from residence: 260.94 million
– exclude registration and residence in the same city: 221.03 million
– household registration in other province: 85.88 million
• Intra-provincial: nearly half from urban, about half migrate for work or study/training
• Inter-provincial: mostly from rural, about 70% migrate for work
Urban-urban Rural-urban Rural-rural Urban-rural
Total migrants 34.4 52.7 10.3 2.6
Intra-provincial 42.9 45.8 8.2 3.2
Inter-provincial 17.0 67.0 14.6 1.4
9
Major destination
• About 70% to Pearl River Delta, Changjiang Delta, and Beijing/Tianjin
• Cities had largest migration increase: – Shanghai
– Beijing
– Tianjin
– Suzhou
Population density,2000
10
Age structure of migrants
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0~4
5~9
10~14
15~19
20~24
25~29
30~34
35~39
40~44
45~49
50~54
55~59
60~64
65+
Men Women
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
Intra-provincial Inter-provincial Age 20~24, national total
Education M F M F M F
Primary or lower 17.3 22.0 17.3 22.0 6.7 8.1
Middle school 39.1 38.3 39.1 38.3 46.1 47.0
High school 26.2 23.5 26.2 23.5 22.2 19.2
College or above 17.4 16.3 17.4 16.3 25.0 25.7
Education structure of migrants, 2010 (%)
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
1983年
22274
1983年
80734 1978年
79014
1978年
17245
1994年
85681
1994年
34169
2010年
67113
2010年
66978
中国城镇人口和农村人口数量变化
流动人口特点:
每年增加1000万以上,农村户籍流动人口占75%以上 举家迁移和长期居留趋势明显,逐步由个体钟摆式流动向核心家庭整体迁移转变
超过30%的流动人口在流入地居住生活5年以上。
近70%流动人口携配偶、子女、父母一同流动。
享有的住房、社会保险、子女教育等基本公共服
务水平较低
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
城镇化发展面临的问题: 城镇分布与资源环境承载能力不匹配 中小城市集聚产业和人口的功能不足 大城市、特大城市人口压力大,“城市病” 城市公共服务供给能力不足,一些外来人口聚集区人居环境较差
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
对策: 促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,引导人口有序流动。 强化城市产业支撑,增强城市的经济活力和竞争力,提升城市的社会管理和公共服务水平,增强城市对人口集聚和承载的能力
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
对策: 将农业转移人口逐步转为城镇居民(在城镇有稳定就业、长期居留、新生代) 推进基本公共服务均等化(子女教育、保障性住房、就业、社会保障、基本医疗和计划生育服务等) 促进流动人口社会融合
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC