mineral (cairan)
DESCRIPTION
pembelajaran tentang mineralTRANSCRIPT
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MineralsHarliansyah, Ph.D
Dept Biochemistry FK-YARSI
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THE CATIONSSODIUMPOTASSIUMCALCIUMMAGNESIUM
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SODIUMThe MOST ABUNDANT cation in the ECFNormal range is 135-145 mEq/LMajor contributor of plasma osmolarity
FUNCTIONS1. participates in the Na-K pump2. assists in maintaining blood volume3. assists in nerve transmission and muscle contractionAldosterone increases sodium retention ANF increases sodium excretion
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POTASSIUMMOST ABUNDANT cation in the ICFNormal range is 3.5-5.0 mEq/LMajor electrolyte maintaining ICVF balance
FUNCTIONS1. maintains ICF Osmolality2. nerve conduction and muscle contraction3. metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteinsAldosterone promotes renal excretion of K+Acidosis promotes exchange of K+ for H+
in the cell
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CALCIUMMajority of calcium is in the bones and teethNormal serum range 8.5-10 mg/dL
FUNCTIONS1. formation and mineralization of bones/teeth2. muscular contraction and relaxation3. cardiac function4. blood clotting5. enzyme activation
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CALCIUMRegulation:GIT absorbs Ca+2 in the intestine with the help of Vit. DKidney Ca+2 is filtered in the glomerulus and reabsorbed
in the tubulesPTH increases Ca+2 by bone resorption, Ca+2 retention and activation of Vitamin DCalcitonin released when Ca+2 is high, it decreases Ca+ by excretion in the kidney
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MAGNESIUMSecond to K+ in the ICFNormal range is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
FUNCTIONS1. intracellular production and utilization of ATP2. protein and DNA synthesis3. neuromuscular irritability
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THE ANIONSCHLORIDEPHOSPHATESBICARBONATES
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CHLORIDEThe MAJOR Anion in the ECFNormal range is 95-108 mEq/L
FUNCTIONS1. major component of gastric juice aside from H+2. together with Na+, regulates plasma osmolality3. participates in the chloride shift4. acts as chemical buffer
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PHOSPHATESThe MAJOR Anion in the ICFNormal range is 2.5-4.5 mg/L
FUNCTIONS1. component of bones2. needed to generate ATP3. components of DNA and RNAPTH decreases PO4 in blood by renal excretionCalcitonin increases renal excretion of PO4
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BICARBONATESPresent both in ICF and ECFNormal range- 22-26 mEq/L
FUNCTION1. regulates acid-base balance2. component of the bicarbonate-carbonic acid
buffer system