minhtieu 643679 partb

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO: AIR

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN

MINH Y TIEU 643679 SEMESTER 1, 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN B.1: RESEARCH FIELD 4 BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE CANOPY BY UNITED VISUAL ARTISTS, CANADA MANGAL CITY BY CHIMERA DESIGN, LONDON B.2: CASE STUDY 1.0 8 SPANISH PAVILION BY FOA (ITERATIONS) SUCCESSFUL ITERATIONS B.3: CASE STUDY 2.0 16 HONEYCOMB SKYSCRAPER BY MAD ARCHITECTS REVERSE ENGINEER PROCESS OUTCOME OF THE REVERSE ENGINEER PARAMETRIC TOOLS DIAGRAM B.4: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT 24 B.5: PROTYPES 38 B.6: PROPOSAL B.7: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME 44 B.8: APPENDIX- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN

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With the rapidly rising of new technologies, architectures embrace the new innovative framework of applying biological processes within their design; this is known as Biomimicry in Architecture. Professor of Biomimetic Julian Vincent defines ‘biomimicry’ as ‘the abstraction of good design from nature’[1]. Biomimicry focuses on designing sustainable solutions by mimicking the fundamental biological forms of nature. Bio- utilization refers to the direct use of nature within our urban landscape by planting trees to produce evaporative cooling. Biomimicry in architecture focuses on ‘Biophilia’, the interconnectedness instinctive bond between humans and nature. Biomimicry follows the revolutionize process of genetic variability, from the survival of the fittest. This has driven organisms into ecological niches and developing astonishing adaptive behaviors in coexisting with the constrained environments. Thus, in the parametric world, this can be achieved by digital morphogenesis[2], combines the tectonics of materials and performance in creating a natural ecological system. Computation enables us to model the principles of nature in relating to material systems etc. that potentially can assist in creating a new world of second nature. 1. Michael Pawlyn, Biomimicry In Architecture ([London, UK]: Riba Publishing, 2011). Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). 2. Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10

B.1: RESEARCH FIELD BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE

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B.1: RESEARCH FIELD CANOPY TORONTO, CANADA

UNITED VISUAL ARTISTS

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This is a great example for Biomimicry in Architecture as it explores the influence of nature; inspired by ‘the experience of walking through the dappled light of a forest…during the day, apertures in the molecules filter natural light to the street below. After dusk, particles of artificial light are born; navigate through the grid and die, their survival determined by regions of energy sweeping across the structure. The result simultaneously recalls the activity of cells within a leaf…’ [3]through parametric modeling, the design is fabricated using mass production and precise fabrication. Thousands of molecules, the geometry abstraction of leaves are organized in different variations. By abstracting the parametric model enables it to be applicable in new situations, like the adaptation of organisms. The sculpture spans 90m long with over 8000 polygon modules, combining the parametric rationality with nature’s irregularities. 3. Designplaygrounds, 'Canopy By United Visual Artists - Designplaygrounds', 2010 <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/canopy-by-by-united-visual-artists/> [accessed 28 March 2015].

Mangal City is designed to be urban ecosystem that mimics the natural aspect of Mangrove plant [4], its spiraling growth patterns. Its structure draws upon phyllotaxis in

which the mechanism of the leaf that determines the patterns for maximum exposure to sunlight and moisture. The center of the building is high lattice frame that acts as the stem

in which holds the surface of leaf-like pods. These pods are able to rotate as according to the environmental climatic changes, to maximize the warmth, light and PV potential. This

possess as beautifully designed biomimicry. Parametric designs have outdated conventional design skills, as it offers broader parameters within out designs, hence,

futher development and possibilities. “…its requisite modes of thought may well extend the intellectual scope of design by explicitly is a part of at least some real understanding”

[5]

4. Pinterest.com, 2015 <https://www.pinterest.com/jeroenvdliende/biomimicry/> [accessed 28 March 2015].

5. Robert Woodbury, Elements Of Parametric Design (London: Routledge, 2010).

B.1: RESEARCH FIELD MANGAL CITY, LONDON

CHIMERA DESIGN

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B2: CASE STUDY 1.0 SPANISH PAVILION, FOA

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B2: CASE STUDY 1.0 ITERATIONS: SPANISH PAVILION, FOA

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CHANGING IMAGE SAMPLER

CHANGING EXPRESSION FROM X*Y-1 INTO X*Y+1 FOR THE X CELLS

CHANGED BOTH X AND Y CELLS FROM X*Y-1 INTO X*Y+1

CHANGING EXPRESSION FROM X*Y+1 INTO X^2+Y+1 FOR THE X CELLS

CHANGING EXPRESSION FROM X*Y+1 INTO X^2+Y+1 FOR THE X CELL AND Y


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INTERNAL POINT01: X=0.2 Y=-0.2 CHANGED INTO X = 1, Y =1

CHANGING CULL PATTERN

CHANGE CELL# FROM 1,2,3,4,5 TO 2,4,6,8

DOMAIN Y EQUAL 0

SET NUMBER SLIDER FOR X=17 AND Y=42 DOMAIN

DOMAIN X EAQUAL 0


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CHANGING THE INTERNAL POINTS

CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO RECTANGULAR GRID

CHANGING OFFSET SLIDER

X AND Y CELL FROM X*Y-1 INTO X*Y+1

CHANGING POINT # INTO 0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3

X AND Y CELL INTO X*Y+3

LET DOMAIN BE 0


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CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO TRIANGULAR GRID

CHANGING THE SIZE

CHANGING THE DOMAIN

CHANGING X*Y-1 INTO X^2+Y

CHANGING THE INTERNAL POINTS


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CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO RADICAL GRID, OFFSET EQUAL

INCREASING OFFSET

CHANGING INTERNAL POINTS

B2: CASE STUDY 1.0 SUCCESSFUL ITERATIONS: SPANISH PAVILION, FOA

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In proposing the design concept of Biomimicry, I think the idea of natural patterns is a prominent aspect. By changing the internal points, varying the shape of the polygons creates a more prominent characteristic rather than just repetition. Natural patterns displays a sense of repetition to an extent, in a more systematic order in respond to its function. So by changing the domain varied the patterns, they start to appear repetitive when you look at them as a whole. In comparison to the other iterations, the changes were predominantly in terms of patterns, which is ideal but by changing its geometries feels in a sense more natural because they’re not so perfectly aligned. I think this could be a very speculative façade when further developed, when each polygons corresponds to a role of function in responding to ecological matters. The original design of the Spanish Pavilion reminds me of a beehive, whether this appear not as systematic. I feel that movement could be incorporated into the piece using the patterns rather than shape. Creating movement on a flat surface , this would reduce cost on complex engineering construction.

By changing the Cull Patterns, the tessellations are interrupted. This could be a change in materiality, in blending into the Merri Creek, I think adding vegetation to the façade is necessary. The form can be manipulated into a pavilion, more of seating and relaxing, multifunctional/ multipurpose. The negative can be uninterrupted strips of vegetation, I feel like the designs can manipulate behaviours within a space and evoking a feel/ emotions. The positive space (polygons) can be varied in steps creating depth and dimension. Like a nice walk I the park, not so a picnic area. This design have similar polygons as the Spanish Pavilion but more irregular.

B2: CASE STUDY 1.0 SUCCESSFUL ITERATIONS: SPANISH PAVILION, FOA

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By changing the hexagonal grid to a triangular grid , initially I intended for the grid to tessellate, much like the Spanish Pavilion. However, the geometries are far from one another. Thus, computations at times offer spontaneous/ unexpected results. Changing the internal points to create a more irregular geometries, the geometries could be more dense because at the moment it feels a bit empty. And the offset line can be glass that illuminates during the night. It could be a new material, that act like concrete- absorb the thermal heat during the day and releases at night time. But instead absorb the solar energy and use it for lighting when dark. The geometries in this design is different to the Spanish Pavilion, I think the Spanish Pavilion feels a bit clustered, so density could be further exploited to achieve desirable result.

By changing the hexagonal grid to a rectangular grid, for some reason disconnected the geometries. I think this design could be further culled and rearranged in a more systematic way. The offset can be cutaways in which light is extruded into the interior space. In manipulating the 3 dimensional aspect of the surface could induce sharp speculative light spectrum. The parts that disconnects the geometries, strips of green wall could be added to the façade. Not only is it more green but it’s pleasing to the eye. The geometries can be further culled, to make it less aligned. This is very different to the original design of the Spanish Pavilion, as geometries are pulled away from one other, tessellation can be achieved through filling in the gap, or the gaps can be seen as the positive element instead of negative. In terms of fabrication I would avoid reflective materials and stick with something more soothing. The vegetation could be the pop of colour.

B3: CASE STUDY 2.0 HONYCOMB SKYSCRAPER BY MAD ARCHITECTS

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Honeycomb skyscraper replicates the internal space of the bees honeycomb, the hexagonal façade eliminates the need for internal columns [5]; offering flexible interior design. The exoskeleton facade have varying patterns that evolve in corresponding to the different airflow and solar heat radiations present on site; offering different dynamic perspectives. The placement and size of the window are design to minimise heat loss during winter and heat gain during summer, thus, reducing the energy consumption.[6]

5. The Creators Project, 'MAD Architects' Honeycomb Skyscraper | The Creators Project', 2015 <http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/mad-architects-honeycomb-skyscraper> [accessed 23 April 2015]. 6. Jesus Diaz, 'Honeycomb Skyscraper Has No Internal Structure, Attracts Giant Killer Wasps',Gizmodo, 2015 <http://gizmodo.com/5031877/honeycomb-skyscraper-has-no-internal-structure-attracts-giant-killer-wasps> [accessed 23 April 2015].


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Starting by creating a Hexagonal grid and offsetting the grid to replicate the windows

Overlaying and scaling a Voronoi grid to replicate the point attractor on the patterned facade


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I tried to find the centre point of the Voronoi grid to create attractor points that supposedly influences the grid pattern in the skyscraper. By using the scaled NU component in grasshopper, remapping the numbers so it’s not too large. However this was unsuccessful

I proceed by attempting to use the attractor point component from the Lunchbox plugin, however I was unable to put in multiple points of attractions.


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Instead of using the attractor points I tried using the attractor wave from the lunchbox plugin

I tried changing the Domain and Frequency of the attractor waves resulting random offsets of patterns.


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I then tried to create boundaries and remapping the numbers before plugging in the lists to the offsetting polygons. Resulting random patterns.

The attractor point and attractor wave wasn’t working so moved onto the scaled components. By plotting points onto the grid to create the field. At this stage I was manually selecting the points because plugging the in the centre points of the Voronoi grid didn’t work. However, I was having trouble selecting more than 2 points and the pattern was inverted.


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To invert the patterns I tried to divide the distances instead of multiplying because I thought it might do the opposite thing- what I wanted, but it didn’t.

Lastly, I tried using the graph mapper component to scale the Voronoi grid but by plotting the curves as attractors rather than point. Changing the graph type didn’t have much effect on the pattern, I think because all the graph produced numbers for the offset/scaled elements, and by manipulating the graphs you’ll get similar results


OUTCOME OF THE REVERSE ENGINEER

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PARAMETRIC TOOK DIAGRAM

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CREATE HEXAGON GRID

FIND CENTRE POINT OF EACH POLYGON

SIZE

NUMBER OF X-CELLS

NUMBER OF Y-CELLS

BOUNDS

SCALE WITH NON-UNIFORM FACTORS

FIND POINTS CLOSEST ON CURVE

JOIN CURVES

NUMBER OF POINTS

DECONSTRUCT DOMAIN

START OF DOMAIN

BOUNDS

REMAP INTO NEW NUMERIC DOMAIN

PLOT INTO BEZIER GRAPH MAPPER

SCALE UNIFORMLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS

SCALE IN Y-AXIS

VORONOI DIAGRAM

RECTANGLE

POPULATE 2-D GRID

B4: TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT ITERATIONS: HONYCOMB SKYSCRAPER BY MAD ARCHITECTS

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CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO A TRIANGULAR GRID

CHANGING THE NUMBER OF POINTS FOR GENERATING VORONOI

CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO A SQUARE GRID

CHANGING HEXAGONAL GRID INTO A RADICAL GRID


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USING KANGAROO RE-MESHING ELEMENT, COMBINING EXISTING WITH

DIAMONDS

DIAGONALIZING THE SCALED COMPONENTS

EXTRUDING THE GRID ONTO A SURFACE EXTRUDED THE SCALED HEXAGONS


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CULL PATTERN TRIANGULAR GRID

TRIANGULAR GRID- VORONOI PATTERNS TRIANGULAR GRID- CULL PATTERN


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FORM FINDING USING FORCES- HEXAGON GRID (KANGAROO)

FORM FINDING USING FORCES- SCALED ELEMENTS

REPLACING THE HEXAGONAL GRID WITH VORONOI 2D

FORM FINDING WITH SCALED VORONOI


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EXTRUDING THE BASE GRID TOWARDS THE SCALED COMPONENTS

EXTRUDING SQUARE GRID TO SCALED COMPONENTS

EXTRUDING THE GRID ONTO A SURFACE EXTRUDED THE SCALED HEXAGONS


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EXTRUDE-CULL PATTERNS EXTRUDE BOTH GRIDS INDIVIDUALLY- CULL PATTERN

EXTRUDE BOTH GRID- CULL PATTERN BOTH GRIDS

EXTRUDED – WEAVERBIRD STELLATE


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EXTRUDE-WEAVERBIRD CARPET

SQUARE GRID- EXTRUDE SURFACE

MAPPING SURFACE- LOFTING X-AXES

SURFACE EXTRUSION OF HEXAGON GRID


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EXTRUDE- WEAVERBIRD STELLATE

EXTRUDED- WEAVERBIRD CARPET

WEAVERBIRD CATMULL CALRK DIVISION

WEAVERBIRD BEVEL VERTICES

LOFTING EXTRUDED- MAPPED ON SURFACE


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LOFTING SQUARE GRID

SQUARE GRID- WEAVERBIRD CARPET


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TRIANGULAR GRID

TRIANGULAR GRID

TRIANGULAR GRID

LOFTING ALL AXES


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SURFACE EXTRUSION OF HEXAGON GRID TRIANGULAR GRID

TRIANGULAR GRID

TRIANGULAR GRID


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PANELING ON SPHERE WEAVERBIRD FORM FINDING

WEAVERBIRD

WEAVERBIRD SIEPINSKI TRIANGLE SUBDIVISION


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WEAVERBIRD TRIANGLE SPLIT SUBDIVISION

WEAVERBIRD STELLATE

WEAVERBIRD CARPET


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In cooperating Biomimicry within the design, I thought of how each facades are affected by the site. In according to climatic response, the overall form can be manipulated to suffice the weather conditions, further develop by using point attractors to express the change of patterns due to the climate change- aiming to increase comfort and minimising the use of energy. I really like the slanted roof, can be manipulated to block out the sun. The overall form can be manipulated and developed by mapping patterns and extrusions/lofting to create different lighting effects.

This design can’t be fabricated due to the mesh edges, but I really like the patterns and the balance between the void and supposedly solid, creating a lighting effect. The opening holes can be the attractor points and depending on the size of the opening the pattern will changing depending on the façade. The curve of the surface can be used as a shading device, as it casts a shadow.

B5. PROTOTYPING

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The geometry is quite complex and when I unrolled the surface they were overlapping one another because they’re not planar surfaces. So I had to unrolled and exploded each surface.

B5. PROTOTYPING

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After unrolling each surfaces I had trouble making tabs on each surfaces. The card cutter machine was out of order so I did everything manually. Which got me thinking about how computation and digital fabrication had made everything a lot easier in designing.

B5. PROTOTYPING

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3D PRINTING

B6: TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL SITE ANALYSIS: PLAN

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KINGS ROAD

MERRI CREEK

100M N

NORTH: RECEIVES THE MOST SOLAR RADIATION IN WINTER. WIND IN THE MORNING. OPENINGS SHOULD BE IN THE NORTH/EAST/SOUTH.

WEST: AVOID OPENINGS, SUMMER HEAT GAIN

SOUTH: WIND IN THE AFTERNOON

B6: TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL SITE ANALYSIS: BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The Vision for Merri Creek since 1999 “ A healthy living stream flowing through an attractive

environment that provides habitat for native animals…”

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Pavilion The Merri Creek flows from the Great Dividing Range through Melbourne’s northern suburbs to the Yarra River. The creek is significance in terms of present tributaries (Edgars, Merlynston, Central, Curly Sedge, Aitken and Malcolm Creeks) and its role as a continuous environment corridor. The pavilion aims to maintain the creek’s main attributes of preserving the threatened flora and fauna within the community and providing a natural drainage for surrounding catchments. Extrapolating on the idea of biomimicry in terms of natural survival instincts, firstly, we must consider its surrounding environment and climatic impacts. Aiming to reduce the use of energy by integrating passive design ideas. Focusing on its adaptive behaviours, corresponding to site conditions- each site have personalised characteristics. Thus, the ‘survival of the fittest’ has driven organisms into ecological niches and developing astonishing adaptive behaviors in coexisting with the constrained environments. In the parametric world, digital morphogenesis enable us combine the tectonic of materials and performance to create a natural ecological system. Ecological systems can assist us in designing a sustainable design that’s not only beautiful but functional. Design a pavilion that engages the interconnectedness relationship between humans and nature. Humans need to be apart of the ecological system in creating a closed loop relationship. With the revegetation works and the development of parklands, a trail was constructed in creating a linear park system. Linking to the design concept of bio- utilization, in which refers to the direct use of nature within our urban landscape by planting trees to produce evaporative cooling. “…where after all can one look for the wild, the unknown? When all natural wonders have been scientifically investigated, and all ancient monuments have become tourist attractions…” The idea of redefining nature, characteristic of nature would typically be a place filled with vegetation where one seek for a breath of fresh air. Nature can be brought back to the site spiritually by psychological impacts. Manipulating ones feels towards the space, a remnant of the what used to be nature. Natural lighting have great impacts towards the users comfort and the use of energy. The interplay of light and shadows can have great impacts on perspectives, as light can manipulate the design- revealing and concealing certain design aspect.

B6: TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL PARAMETRIC MODELING WITH GRASSHOPPER

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Graph Mapper/ Scaling With varying patterns in according to the site conditions, graph mapper/scaling can assist in corresponding to the climate changes. I think these component are very interesting because they create interesting effects of patterning rather than just repetition and that the patterns can be functional, linking the virtual environment with the existing environment.

Weaverbird Weaverbird have very interesting components in creating meshes and all over geometries of the design. The form can be easily manipulated and modified in achieving the desired effects.

B7: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME

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Before studying Air Studio I didn’t know much about digital computation or biomimicry, which I think is very interesting. With an on going development of studies, architects taking on the role of engineers and designing their own programs is really cool. I think supposedly architects should have an engineers perspective when design so that things could be smoothly with less complications. Thus, inventing new design strategies from materiality or in accordance to prominent issues to accommodate sustainability. The idea of Biomimicry is very interesting, mimicking ecological attributes and applying it in architecture. I think designs should be considered as living organisms instead of a dead load, because it will have great impact towards the existing environment, on- going operation. As interesting the idea is, I find it had to look further into something that wasn’t so common. Biomimicry is predominantly photosynthesis or trees, I’m hoping to find more fascinating case studies. Furthermore, biomimicry is not only on mimicking, but taking the concept then applying it with existing site conditions and the constraints of reality. The application needs new innovation and development of material in accommodating the change.

B8: APPENDIX- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK

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FRACTUAL GEOMETRY

IMAGE SAMPLING

B8: APPENDIX- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK

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EVALUATING FIELD

GRAPH MAPPER

PART B: BIBLIBIOGRPAHY .

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Pawlyn, Michael, Biomimicry In Architecture ([London, UK]: Riba Publishing, 2011) Diaz, Jesus, 'Honeycomb Skyscraper Has No Internal Structure, Attracts Giant Killer Wasps',Gizmodo, 2015 <http://gizmodo.com/5031877/honeycomb-skyscraper-has-no-internal-structure-attracts-giant-killer-wasps> [accessed 23 April 2015] Designplaygrounds, 'Canopy By United Visual Artists - Designplaygrounds', 2010 <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/canopy-by-by-united-visual-artists/> [accessed 28 March 2015] Pinterest.com, 2015 <https://www.pinterest.com/jeroenvdliende/biomimicry/> [accessed 28 March 2015] The Creators Project, 'MAD Architects' Honeycomb Skyscraper | The Creators Project', 2015 <http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/mad-architects-honeycomb-skyscraper> [accessed 23 April 2015] Woodbury, Robert, Elements Of Parametric Design (London: Routledge, 2010) Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10

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