mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: mz;fs; kw;wk; mz; gps;isfsf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;kiw gfjp...
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264mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
mjjpahak 17 csslffk
mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw 265
A mwpKfk 265
B IjPfqfSk khwhtiffSk 265nglb 1Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa nghJthd IjPfqfSk CfqfSk 266
C mstPLfSk tbtqfSk 267nglb 2Mzfs Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwapd Gssptpgutpaw juTfs 267nglb 3ghjpffgglltupd mDgtk 268nglb 4nglb 5Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 270
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk 271nglb 6gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs 272nglb 7Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy 272
E rllr rllfqfs 273nglb 8tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs 273nglb 9J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy 274nglb 10rll tofF cjhuzk - Bemba jPugG 276
F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd Nghjhd Fwpjj rpy guprPyidfs 277nglb 11ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggLk Mzfisf fUjjpy nfhsSk MtzggLjjw nradKiwfspd gpujhd mkrqfs 277
1 g+uthqf Muharrp kwWk gFgghaT 2782 jpllkply 279
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3 Neufhzy Nkwnfhssy 280nglb 13Mzfs Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwf Fwpfhlbfs 281
265mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz
gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
1 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
2 tofFjnjhLeu vjpu ubf ICTY tofFj jPugGgt tofF y IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 gejpfs 726 730 y
3 lsquohellip MAjejhqfpa Nkhjy kwWk NkhjYfFg gpdduhd epiyikfspy ghypay tdKiwapdhygt ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfsgt mjJld mtufs Fwpgghfg ghjpgGfFlgLk epiyapYss myyJ FwpjJ yfF itffgglf$ba FOffshf tpfpjhrhukpdwpg ghjpffggLk mNjNtisgt MzfSk MzgpsisfSk kwWk FLkg cWggpdufSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapy gytej rhlrpahffggll uzlhejug NgujpurrpfFsshffgglNlhUk ghjpffggLfpdwdursquo (typAWjjy NrujJfnfhssgglLssJ) UNSCR 2106 24 [d 2013 httpwomenpeacesecurityorgmediapdf-scr2106pdf
4 rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfs epWtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay kwWk ghyepiyrhu tdKiwfis tprhupggjwfhd topfhlbfs sect 14 httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile546569PSVI_training_-_violence_against_men_and_boyspdf
5 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 8
A mwpKfk
cyfshtpa uPjpapy xU rpy Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhf ghypay kwWk ghyepiyrhu tdKiwfs ioffggLfpdwd1 ttifahd tdKiwfs epfofpdwNghJkgt CARSV dhy ghjpffggLNthuhf MzfSfF kpffFiwej mqfPfhuNk ddKk fpilffpdwJ nghJthfgt ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggLk ghypay kwWk ghyepiyrhu tdKiwfs gwwpa mwpfifaply kwWk MtzggLjjYffhd gwwhfFiw fhzggLfpdwJ J tpyfnfhdwhf UggJld gy oikTfspy ngUkghYk rurirfFupa tplakhfTk fhzggLfpdwJ ggpurrpid nghJthf FiwjJ kjpggplggLtJld XuqfllgglLk tUfpdwJ
1997 Mk MzL fhyggFjpfspypUeNj rutNjr epaharigfspd jPugGfs MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGglljhf toqfgglbUej mNjNtis2gt 2013 [d khjjjpd UNSCR 2106 NyNa Iffpa ehLfspd ghJfhgGrrigahdJ Nkhjypd NghJ ghypay tdKiwapy ghjpffgglNlhuhf MzfisAk Mz gpsisfisAk ntspggilahf mqfPfupjjJ3 ghjpffgglNlhiug nghWjjtiuapygt rutNjr rlljjpd fPo Fwwrnrayfis MtzggLjjYfFg nghUjjkhd rllgt epWtdgt nfhsifgt nrawghlL kwWk epjpf fllikgGfs nghJthfg ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfspy ftdk nrYjJtJldgt rhjjpaKss ghjpffgglltufshf Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfis rupahd tpjjjpy mqfPfupggjwFj jtWfpdwd rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfs epWtfjjpdhy 2016 y ntspaplgglljhd Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay kwWk ghyepiyrhu tdKiwfis tprhupggjwfhd topfhlbfisj jtpugt4 jwNghJss ngUkghyhd fllikgGfsgt topfhlbfs kwWk tsqfs Mfpait Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfs mjJld ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu yffhff nfhssggLtij ntspggLjJk ghyepiyg gFgghanthdiwg gpuNahfpggjwFj jtwpAssd
jd tpisthfgt ghjpffggLk Mzfspd Fwpjj rpy csgt rfgt kUjJt kwWk ePjpj Njitfs rupahfg GupeJ nfhssggLtjpyiynadgJld nghJthf epjpfSk ngwWfnfhssggLtjpyiy jdhy ghjpffggLk Mzfs mupjhfNt jkfFj Njitahd cjtpfisg ngwWfnfhstJld ngUkghYk ePjpffhd mZfypy Fwpggpll rll kwWk gpuNahf uPjpapyhd jilfisAk rejpffpdwdu
B IjPfqfSk khwhtiffSk
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1 Mzfs awifahfNt tdNghfFilatufsgt ghypay uPjpahd NtzLif cilatufs kwWk ghjpgGW jdikawwtufs vdDk mNjNtis ngzfs awifahfNt mikjpahdtufsgt ghypay uPjpahf kejkhdtufs kwWk gytPkhdtufs jjifa kdepiyapygt Fwwkpioggtufs mtrpak Mzfshtu mjJld ghjpffggLgtufs mtrpak ngzfshtu vdffUJtJk ghjpffggLgtufs MzfshfTk Fwwkpioggtufs ngzfshfTk Uggjwfhd rhjjpajij GwffzpggJk yFthFk5
2 Mzfs gykhdtufsgt flLgghlilf nfhzbUggtufs kwWk ghjpgGfFlgLk jdikawwtufs Mzik gwwpa kdepiyfs kwWk rfjjpy Mzfspd tfpgqF Mfpait ghypay tdKiwahy Mzfs ghjpffggLfpdwdu vdDk vzzffUTld ngUkghYk xjjpirtjpyiynadgJld ghjpffgglNlhu kPjhd mtekgpfiffFk J lLrnryyf$Lk
266mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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4 ghypay tdKiwfF ghypay Mutjijj jpUgjp nrajNy gpujhd Cffpahf mikfpdwJ ghypay tdKiw nghJthf ltupdrNrufifahfNt mikAk vdDk IjPfjjpwF ej Cfk lLr nrytJld ghypay tdKiw vdgJ Xu mjpfhuf FwwNkgt ghypay Fwwk myy vdDk tplajijg GwffzpffpdwJ ej ekgpfifiaf nfhzbUgNghUfFgt ltupdrNrufifahsuhd MnzhUtu dndhU Miz ghypay JuggpuNahfk nratjhdJ VwWfnfhssNt Kbahjjhf mikAk vdgJld mjjhfFjy lkngwtpyiygt ghjpffgglltu ngha $Wfpdwhu vdDk KbTfFk lLrnryYk
ej Kw$lbNa fUjgglljhd fUjJfs kwWk ghypay jdik mjJld XupdrNrufif eljij gwwpa tplaqfSldhd nrsfupakww jdik Nghdwd nghJthf ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa rhlrpaqfs fUjjpy nfhssgglhik kwWk GwffzpffggLjy NghdwtwwpwF lLrnrytJld meepfoTfs ngUkstpy MtzggLjjggLtJkpyiy
7
6 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzldpy lkngww gapwrpgglliwffhfj jahupffggllJ 14 Nk 2014 yzld ODI g 2
7 tNlurrpfgt N[ Vgt vlNtl]gt Nf vk(2012) lsquoMz tdGzuT gwwpa IjPfqfs lsquoXu yffpa kPshaTrsquo Mzfs kwWk Mzik gwwpa cstpay 13 2 211ndash226
nglb 1Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa nghJthd IjPfqfSk CfqfSk7
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MnzhUtu tdGzuTfFlgLjjggl Kbahjtu myyJ ngznzhUtuhy Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwahy MnzhUtu ghjpffggl KbahJ
ghypay tdKiwfF clgLjjggLkNghJ tpiwgGjjdik myyJ Vida clyuPjpahd vjputpidfisf nfhzbUggpd (cjhuzk tpeJ ntspNawwk) mjid mtu tpUkgp mDgtpffpdwhu
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Mz XupdrNrufifahsufs khjjpuNk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia ioffggtufshf ghjpffgglltufshf Uff KbAk
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Mz XupdrNrufifahsufs ghypayuPjpahf JuggpuNahfk nraaggLtjwF mtufNs fhuzkgt Vnddpy mtufs NtWglltufs kwWk myyJ mtthW VwgLtjwF mtufNs fhuzk
ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf ghypay tdKiw iojj MnzhUtu jhDk ghjpffgglltuhf Uff KbahJ
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267mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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C mstPLfSk tbtqfSk
Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs cyfshtpa uPjpapy MffFiwejJ 25 Nkhjy epiyikfspygt yjjPd kwWk kjjpa mnkupffh Kjy Mgpupffhgt kjjpa fpofFgt kwWk Mrpah tiuahfgt MtzggLjjgglLssd8 MapDkgt Nkhjy fllikgGfspy tsuej MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Jyypakhd Gssptpgu rhdWfs kpfTk FiwthFk vdgJld MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhdit yiynadNw $wyhk9 ejg Gssptpgug gwwhfFiwahdJgt gpdtUtd csslqfyhf gy ClWgGf fhuzpfspd tpisthf VwgLfpdwJ
raquo gpdtUtd FwpjJ mrrkilAk ghjpffggll Mzfshy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa kpfTk Fiwejsthd mwpfifaply
raquo Nrit toqFeufs kwWk mjpfhupfspd ekgpfifapdik myyJ gupfhrjjpd tpisthf kPsTk ghjpffggly
raquo XupdrNrufifahsufnsd Kjjpiu Fjjggly kwWk mjdhy VwgLk OfF kwWk Xuqfhllyfs mjJld FwwjjdikfFsshffggLk mghak
raquo rpy ehLfspygt Fwpggpll eljij xgGjYld lkngwWssjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJgt xNu ghypdrNrufifr nrayfs FwwjjdikfFsshffggLjyhdJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ntsptUtijf fbdkhfFfpdwJ myyJ rhjjpakwwjhfFfpdwJ (fPOss gpupT cgt rllr rllfqfisg ghuff)
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raquo jjifa tofFfis milahsk fzL nghUjjkhf ifahStjwfhd itjjpaufsgt rlljjuzpfsgt csts MNyhrfufs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdg gzpahsufs MfpNahUffhd gapwrp kwWk epjpg gwwhfFiw fhuzkhf mjpfhupfsgt rutNjr nrawghllhsufsgt kwWk rptpy rf epWtdqfs Mfpatwwhy mwpfifaplggLk jjifa tofFfis MtzggLjJtjwFj jtWjy
raquo ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwapd ghypay ayghdJ ftdpffgglhJ tplggLfpdwJ vdgJld lsquorpjjputijrsquo vdDk nrhwgjjjpwFs kiwffggLfpdwJ jdhygt MtzggLjJeufsgt Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthugt epaharigfs kwWk ePjpkdwqfs (rutNjr klljjpYk csslqfyhf) MfpatwwpdhYk mjJld ghjpffgglNlhufshYk J ghypay jdikawwjhf rpjjupffggLfpdwJ
8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5
9 nts pehlL mg pt pUj j p e pWtfk (2014) ngUNthllj j pDs Ns Mz fs kw Wk Mz g ps isfSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwfis vjpu nfhs sy RUf fg gj j puk yz ld ODI
10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342
12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379
Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd Njhwwgghlbd czikahd epfojy njhlugpy tpupthd Gssptpguj juTfspd gwwhfFiwiag guprPypfifapygt ghypay tdKiwahy ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfs lsquotpfpjhrhukpdwpg ghjpffggLfpdwdursquo vdDk NfhupfifahdJ cWjpggLjjgglhj a+fk vdDk thjnkhdW cssJ
nglb 2
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10 11 12
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269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
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13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
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270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff
nglb 7
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15
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
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17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
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raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
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Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
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5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
mejuqfjjdik gwwpa mffiwfspYk J ghupastpy ghjpgig VwgLjJk rllr rllfjijg nghWjJgt gytej tdGzuT CLUtyhdJ Fwwkhffgglyhk mjJld epuggejkmrRWjjyfs jwfhgGfshf vLffggl KbahjpUffyhk ghjpffggll MzfSld gzpGupAk nrawghllhsufs lsquoXupdrNrufifis CfFtpggjhfrsquo nghUs nfhssgglyhk vdgJld rfqfsgt mjpfhupfs kwWk VidNahuplkpUeJ Nkyjpf jilfisAk vjpunfhssf$Lk jidf Fiwggjwfhd Nyhghaqfs J njhlugpy tpUjjp nraaggLjy NtzLk
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279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
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ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
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Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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1 Mzfs awifahfNt tdNghfFilatufsgt ghypay uPjpahd NtzLif cilatufs kwWk ghjpgGW jdikawwtufs vdDk mNjNtis ngzfs awifahfNt mikjpahdtufsgt ghypay uPjpahf kejkhdtufs kwWk gytPkhdtufs jjifa kdepiyapygt Fwwkpioggtufs mtrpak Mzfshtu mjJld ghjpffggLgtufs mtrpak ngzfshtu vdffUJtJk ghjpffggLgtufs MzfshfTk Fwwkpioggtufs ngzfshfTk Uggjwfhd rhjjpajij GwffzpggJk yFthFk5
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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7
6 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzldpy lkngww gapwrpgglliwffhfj jahupffggllJ 14 Nk 2014 yzld ODI g 2
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raquo ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwapd ghypay ayghdJ ftdpffgglhJ tplggLfpdwJ vdgJld lsquorpjjputijrsquo vdDk nrhwgjjjpwFs kiwffggLfpdwJ jdhygt MtzggLjJeufsgt Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthugt epaharigfs kwWk ePjpkdwqfs (rutNjr klljjpYk csslqfyhf) MfpatwwpdhYk mjJld ghjpffgglNlhufshYk J ghypay jdikawwjhf rpjjupffggLfpdwJ
8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5
9 nts pehlL mg pt pUj j p e pWtfk (2014) ngUNthllj j pDs Ns Mz fs kw Wk Mz g ps isfSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwfis vjpu nfhs sy RUf fg gj j puk yz ld ODI
10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342
12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379
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nglb 2
Mzfs Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwapd Gssptpgutpaw juTfs
raquo fkghyhitj jskhff nfhzL nrawgLk mfjpr rllf fUjjpllkhdJ nghJr Rfhjhuk gwwpa N[hd] n`hgfpd] gsspAld izeJ Nkwnfhzl fpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbauir (DRC) Nruej Mz mfjpfs gwwpa fwifahdJ rpy mfjp rdjnjhiffspygt Mzfspy dwpy xUtUfFk NkyhNdhu jkJ thoehspy ghypay tdKiwia mDgtpffpdwdu vdf $WfpdwJ10
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raquo iygPupahtpy 2008 y Nkwnfhssggll dDNkhu fwifahdJ 326 tPjkhd Mz Nghuhspfs kwWk 74 tPjkhd rptpypad MzfSld xggpLifapy 423 tPjkhd ngz Nghuhspfs kwWk 92 tPjkhd rptpypad ngzfs NkhjypdNghJ ghypay tdKiwia mDgtpjJssdnudf fzlwpejJ12
10 11 12
268mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo mstPL ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd czikahd kllqfs jPtpukhf tprhuiz nraagglL gFgghaT nraaggll rpy rejuggqfspypUeJ vOk tplakhdJ toikahf CfpffggLk myyJ nghJthf VwWfnfhssggLk mstPlil tpl czikahd mstPL kpfTk mjpfkhdJ vdgJld ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSffpilNaahd VwwjjhothdJ czikapy Kddu GupeJ nfhssggllijg NghdwstpwF yiy vdgJkhFk
raquo ghjpffggLNthu ghjpffggLNthu rptpypadfs khjjpukyy vdgJld uhZt fllikgGffspy (c-k MAjf FOffs kwWk MAjggilfspd cWggpdufs) ghjpffggll MzfSk cauej msTfspy fhzggLfpdwdu ghjpffggll Mzfs gpujhdkhf jLjJitffgglNlhugt Nghuhspfs kwWk mfjpfSffpilNaNa fhzggLfpdwdu
raquo FwwkpiogNghu FwwkpiogNghu ngUkghYk rpiwjJiwg gzpahlnlhFjpgt nghyp] kwWk rkhjhdjij epiyehlLNthu csslqfyhf MAjf FOffs kwWk MAjggilfisr NruejtufshfNt cssdu Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia ioggtufspy ngUkghdikahNdhu Mzfs vd ekgggLk mNjNtisgt ngzfshy JuggpuNahfk ioffggLk rejuggqfSkgt tpNrlkhf FwwkpiogNghu FOffshfr nrawgLkNghJ (c-k fygG kwWk xNu ghyepiyf FOffs Mfpa uzLk)gt fhzggLtjhf mwpaggLfpdwJ
raquo tbtqfs Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ gy tifahd tbtqfspy mikayhk kythry topahd tdGzuT nghJ tbtkhf mikAk mNjNtisgt ttplak kpfTk tpupthd gugigf nfhzLssJ (ghuffgt $L 5 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd1cjhuzqfsrsquo) ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk VidNahUfnfjpuhd ghypay eltbfiffspy gqFgwWtjwF (c-k jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufsgt FLkg cWggpdufs) myyJ FLkg cWggpdufs ghypay uPjpahfj JdGWjjggLtijg ghuggjwF gytejggLjjggLjjggLtu vdgJld ttdKiw ngUkghYk NtzLnkdNw gfpuqfkhf NkwnfhssggLk ghjpffgglltupd mtkjpgigAk ghjpgGWjdik gwwpa $UzuitAk mjpfupggjwfhf gytejkhf eputhzkhffggLjYk (c-k tprhuizapdNghJ) gadgLjjgglyhk
raquo mikgGfs jjifa tiffspyhd tdKiwfs gyNtWgll mikgGfspy lkngWfpdwd jLjJ itffggLkplqfs (c-k nghyp] flLffhtygt rpiwfsgt tprhuizrpjjputijf $lqfs Nghdwtwwpy UfFkNghJ) mfjp epiyaqfsgt jLgG epiyaqfs kwWk Kfhkfs gil Kfhkfs kwWk gapwrp epiyaqfs kffspd nrhej tPLfsgt RwWgGwqfs kwWk fpuhkqfs jzlidg gakpdwp mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffgglf$bajhd jLjJ itffgglLss lqfisAk kwWk Vida epiyikfisAk rptgGf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) csslfFfpdwd
nglb 3
ghjpf fg glltu pd mDgtk
jkpo Mzgt yqif
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njhlueJ dW ehlfshf vdid tprhuiz nraNjhuhy ehd tdGzuTfFlgLjjgglNld tdGzuT utpNyNa lkngwwJld mtufs FbNghijapNy ehd jLjJitffggll rpiwf$zbwF tejdu Wjpapygt mej rpjjputijia vddhy nghWff Kbatpyiy ehdfhk ehsdW xgGjy thfFynkhdwpy ehd ifnahggkplNld tprhuiz nraNjhu tprhuizapdNghJ vdJ mejuqf cWgGfis gpbjJ Oggugt Mdhy tdGzuTfs utpNyNa lkngwwdrsquo
lsquoehk cqfSfF ghlk GflLNthkrsquo yqifg ghJfhgGg gilfshy jkpoUfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiw Human Rights Watch nggUtup 26 2013
hellip ghjpf fg gll Mz fs kw Wk ngz fSf fpilNaahd Vw wj jho T
cz ika py Kd du Gu pe Jnfhs sg gllijg Nghd W ghu pajy y
269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
lsquoiygPupa fpsurrpf FOtpd rhus] nlayupd13 Njrpa NjrggwW Kddzpapd Kddhs Mlbywp giljjsgjpAk iygPupa gpuirnahUtUkhd khulbdh N[hdrDfF vjpuhd toffpy ghjpffgglNlhiuAk mtufsJ FLkgqfisAk ehd gpujpepjpjJtggLjJfpdNwdrsquo
khulbdh N[hdrd 2014 nrgnlkgu 17 Mk jpfjpadW n[dl gpuNjrjjpy ifJ nraagglLgt iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghjhd fhyggFjpapy (1989 ndash 1996)gt ghupa nfhiyfsgt rpWtu Nghuhspfisg gilapy Nrujjy kwWk ghypay tdKiw csslqfyhd NghufFwwqfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwqfs vdf fUjggLk Fwwqfspy mtuJ Neubg gqFgwwYffhf ngy[pa ePjpgjpnahUtuhy Fwwk rhllggllhu gyNtW Mzfspd MZWgGfis N[hdrd rpijjjik Nghdw Fwpggpljjff nfhba ghypay Fwwqfs gwwpa rhujJjyfisAk ttofF nfhzLssJ
iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghJ ioffggll rutNjr FwwrnrayfSffhf xUtUfnfjpuhf FwwggfuT nraaggllik JNt Kjwwlitnadgjhy J xU jpUgGKidahd toffhf mikfpdwJ Nghjpa rhlrpaqfs NrfupffggLkhapdgt Nkhjy oepiynahdwpy ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiwfF cau gjtpapYss ngznzhUtu Neubg nghWgGilatuhff fzlwpaggll KjyhtJ toffhfTk J mikAkrsquo
13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
Kjy 2002 tiuahd fhyggFjpapy rpahuh ypNahdpy gyNtW efuqfspd kPJ jhfFjyfisj jpllkpllik kwWk Ajjf
Fwwqfsgt kdpjhgpkhdjJfnfjpuhf Fwwqfsgt kwWk IHL wnfjpuhd ghupa kPwyfs Mfpatwwpy Revolutionary United Front (RUF) vdDk fpsurrpf FOtpwF cjtpaikAk MjutspjjikAk Mfpatwwpwfhf 2012 Nk 30 Mk jpfjpadW SCSL dhy tUfF 50 tUl rpiwjjzlid toqfggllJ
jz lidg gakpd w p mjpfhuk g puNahfpf fg glf $bajhd jLj J
itf fg glLs s lq fisAk kw Wk Vida epiyikfisAk
r ptg Gf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) cs slf Ffpd wd
270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd14 cjhuzqfs
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt jdpahs kwWk $lL tdGzuT (MzfshYk kwWk ngzfshYk)
raquo MZWgghy kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo Vida cly cWgGfshy (c-k tpuy) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo tha topahf tdGzuT gytejkhf MZWgig thapdhy cwpQrr nrajy
raquo NghdNwhUld gytej clYwTthay ghypay cwT ykhf tdGzuT
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs (c-k jhagt jeijgt rNfhjupgt rNfhjudgt xdWtpll rNfhjupgt ngwwhupd rNfhjup)
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs myyhNjhu (c-k ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs)
raquo tpyqFfs
raquo kythry topahd kwWkmyyJ thay tdGzuTfF Nkyjpfkhfgt FwwkpiogNghu fhJfsgt fzfs Nghdwtwwpy tpeJ ntspNawwy
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt gpwgGWgG kPjhd rpjjputij kwWk rpijgG
raquo gpwgGWgig mbjjy (c-k kpdrhu tlqfshy)
raquo gpwgGWgG vupgG (c-k rpfulfsgt cUffpa gpsh]upfgt nfhjpePu Nghdwtwwhy)
raquo gytej tpUjjNrjdk
raquo gpwgGWggpy ghukhd nghUlfisf flLjy
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raquo kpdrhu mjpurrp
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raquo gytej eputhzk (c-k FLkgjjpdugt ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLsNshugt FwwkpiogNghugt rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy)
raquo ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd Nky NtnwhUtu tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLkNghJ (c-k kidtp) nkjijnahdwhfg gadgLjjggLjy
raquo FLkgjjpdu Kddpiyapy tdGzuTfFlgLjjggly
raquo tpeJ ntspNawwggLkstpwF FopnahdwpDs MZWgigj NjaggjwFg gytejggLjjggly (c-k jiuapygt thiokujjpy)
raquo nghJ ljjpy Ra dgk mDgtpfFkhW gytejggLjjggly
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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
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nglb 7
Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy
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15
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273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
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17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
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raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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tofF czikfs rllj jifik
ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Tadic (1997)
A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Cesic (2004)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Bemba (2016)
MffFiwejJ 28 egufspd (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs) kPjhd tdGzuT kwWk $lL tdGzuT mit rpy rkaqfspy FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy lkngwwJ24
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd FwwrnrayhfTk Ajjf FwwkhfTk tdGzuT
EAC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Habreacute (2016)
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf rpjjputij
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
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29
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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
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ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
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1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
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2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
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krrm
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d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
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b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
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d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
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F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
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(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
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jhtuk (kzgt
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
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Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
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fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
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njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
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4 PAP Nrhjid
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6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
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4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
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4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
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kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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1
2
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MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
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4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
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g pd izg G 5
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O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
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KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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g pd izg G 7
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Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5
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10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342
12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379
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raquo mikgGfs jjifa tiffspyhd tdKiwfs gyNtWgll mikgGfspy lkngWfpdwd jLjJ itffggLkplqfs (c-k nghyp] flLffhtygt rpiwfsgt tprhuizrpjjputijf $lqfs Nghdwtwwpy UfFkNghJ) mfjp epiyaqfsgt jLgG epiyaqfs kwWk Kfhkfs gil Kfhkfs kwWk gapwrp epiyaqfs kffspd nrhej tPLfsgt RwWgGwqfs kwWk fpuhkqfs jzlidg gakpdwp mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffgglf$bajhd jLjJ itffgglLss lqfisAk kwWk Vida epiyikfisAk rptgGf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) csslfFfpdwd
nglb 3
ghjpf fg glltu pd mDgtk
jkpo Mzgt yqif
lsquovdJ Milfs fisagglL csshilAld fjpiunahdWld flbitffgglNld vdJ tprhuizahsufs vdid mbffTk FjjTk Mukgpjjdu ehd vyuPuPlt cWggpdu vdDk mtufspd FwwrrhlLffis ehd njhlueJk kWjNjd mtufs vdid thqnfhdwpy gLffr nraJtplL jbnahdwpdhy mbffj njhlqfpdu rpjjputij NkYk Nkhrkilaj njhlqfpaJgt vdfF rpfulbdhy njhlurrpahf L itffggllJ
njhlueJ dW ehlfshf vdid tprhuiz nraNjhuhy ehd tdGzuTfFlgLjjgglNld tdGzuT utpNyNa lkngwwJld mtufs FbNghijapNy ehd jLjJitffggll rpiwf$zbwF tejdu Wjpapygt mej rpjjputijia vddhy nghWff Kbatpyiy ehdfhk ehsdW xgGjy thfFynkhdwpy ehd ifnahggkplNld tprhuiz nraNjhu tprhuizapdNghJ vdJ mejuqf cWgGfis gpbjJ Oggugt Mdhy tdGzuTfs utpNyNa lkngwwdrsquo
lsquoehk cqfSfF ghlk GflLNthkrsquo yqifg ghJfhgGg gilfshy jkpoUfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiw Human Rights Watch nggUtup 26 2013
hellip ghjpf fg gll Mz fs kw Wk ngz fSf fpilNaahd Vw wj jho T
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269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
lsquoiygPupa fpsurrpf FOtpd rhus] nlayupd13 Njrpa NjrggwW Kddzpapd Kddhs Mlbywp giljjsgjpAk iygPupa gpuirnahUtUkhd khulbdh N[hdrDfF vjpuhd toffpy ghjpffgglNlhiuAk mtufsJ FLkgqfisAk ehd gpujpepjpjJtggLjJfpdNwdrsquo
khulbdh N[hdrd 2014 nrgnlkgu 17 Mk jpfjpadW n[dl gpuNjrjjpy ifJ nraagglLgt iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghjhd fhyggFjpapy (1989 ndash 1996)gt ghupa nfhiyfsgt rpWtu Nghuhspfisg gilapy Nrujjy kwWk ghypay tdKiw csslqfyhd NghufFwwqfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwqfs vdf fUjggLk Fwwqfspy mtuJ Neubg gqFgwwYffhf ngy[pa ePjpgjpnahUtuhy Fwwk rhllggllhu gyNtW Mzfspd MZWgGfis N[hdrd rpijjjik Nghdw Fwpggpljjff nfhba ghypay Fwwqfs gwwpa rhujJjyfisAk ttofF nfhzLssJ
iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghJ ioffggll rutNjr FwwrnrayfSffhf xUtUfnfjpuhf FwwggfuT nraaggllik JNt Kjwwlitnadgjhy J xU jpUgGKidahd toffhf mikfpdwJ Nghjpa rhlrpaqfs NrfupffggLkhapdgt Nkhjy oepiynahdwpy ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiwfF cau gjtpapYss ngznzhUtu Neubg nghWgGilatuhff fzlwpaggll KjyhtJ toffhfTk J mikAkrsquo
13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
Kjy 2002 tiuahd fhyggFjpapy rpahuh ypNahdpy gyNtW efuqfspd kPJ jhfFjyfisj jpllkpllik kwWk Ajjf
Fwwqfsgt kdpjhgpkhdjJfnfjpuhf Fwwqfsgt kwWk IHL wnfjpuhd ghupa kPwyfs Mfpatwwpy Revolutionary United Front (RUF) vdDk fpsurrpf FOtpwF cjtpaikAk MjutspjjikAk Mfpatwwpwfhf 2012 Nk 30 Mk jpfjpadW SCSL dhy tUfF 50 tUl rpiwjjzlid toqfggllJ
jz lidg gakpd w p mjpfhuk g puNahfpf fg glf $bajhd jLj J
itf fg glLs s lq fisAk kw Wk Vida epiyikfisAk
r ptg Gf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) cs slf Ffpd wd
270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd14 cjhuzqfs
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt jdpahs kwWk $lL tdGzuT (MzfshYk kwWk ngzfshYk)
raquo MZWgghy kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo Vida cly cWgGfshy (c-k tpuy) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo tha topahf tdGzuT gytejkhf MZWgig thapdhy cwpQrr nrajy
raquo NghdNwhUld gytej clYwTthay ghypay cwT ykhf tdGzuT
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs (c-k jhagt jeijgt rNfhjupgt rNfhjudgt xdWtpll rNfhjupgt ngwwhupd rNfhjup)
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs myyhNjhu (c-k ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs)
raquo tpyqFfs
raquo kythry topahd kwWkmyyJ thay tdGzuTfF Nkyjpfkhfgt FwwkpiogNghu fhJfsgt fzfs Nghdwtwwpy tpeJ ntspNawwy
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt gpwgGWgG kPjhd rpjjputij kwWk rpijgG
raquo gpwgGWgig mbjjy (c-k kpdrhu tlqfshy)
raquo gpwgGWgG vupgG (c-k rpfulfsgt cUffpa gpsh]upfgt nfhjpePu Nghdwtwwhy)
raquo gytej tpUjjNrjdk
raquo gpwgGWggpy ghukhd nghUlfisf flLjy
raquo gpwgGWgGfshy U egufis xdwhff flLjy
raquo kpdrhu mjpurrp
ghypay uPjpahf mtkjpjjy gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt
raquo gytej eputhzk (c-k FLkgjjpdugt ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLsNshugt FwwkpiogNghugt rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy)
raquo ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd Nky NtnwhUtu tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLkNghJ (c-k kidtp) nkjijnahdwhfg gadgLjjggLjy
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raquo nghJ ljjpy Ra dgk mDgtpfFkhW gytejggLjjggly
gytejkhf gpdtUtd ykhf kylhffy
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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy
gytejggLjjp VidNahUfnfjpuhdgt Fwpgghf kidtpgt gpsisfsgt rNfhjuufsgt ngwNwhugt ezgufsgt maytufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs NghdNwhUfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwiag ghufFkhW rpjjputij nrajy
gytej jpUkzqfs ghypay mbikjjdk (c-k rpWtu Nghuhspfs)
14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk
CARSV gwwpa ghjpffggll Mzfspd mDgtqfSk jhffqfSk ghjpffggll ngzfs vjpunfhsgtwwpwFg gyNtW tpjqfspy xjjjhfNt mikAk ghjpffgglNlhu kPJ ghypay tdKiw VwgLjjf$ba rhjjpakhd clygt csgt rf kwWk nghUshjhuj jhffqfs gwwpa glbay xdwpwF mjjpahak 2 ghypay tdKiwiag GupeJ nfhssygt $L 6 ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfisg ghuff J ghjpffggll Mzfs kPJ Fwpggpljjff jhffqfisf nfhzLss Fwpggpll epunyhdiw csslffpAssJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF khjjpuk cupjjhd rpy Fwpggpll rthyfs fPNo RUffkhfj jugglLssd
raquo ghyepiy milahsk ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ xjj ghyepiy epakqfs kwWk juffjjpd mbggilapNyNa mikeJssdgt U juggpdUk jdhy lsquongzzpayghffggLtJldrsquo jd tpisthf juk FiwejtufshfTk fPo klljjpduhfTk fUjggLfpdwdu Mz ngz UtupdJk ghyepiy milahskhdJ jjifa tdKiwapdhy rthYfFlgLjjggLfpdwJ vdgJld Nkyjpfkhd tpisnthdwhfgt jjifa jhfFjyhdJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF ngzzpayghffggLk mDgtjij khjjpukdwp Mzik ePffk kwWk XupdrNrufifahsuhfg ghuffggLk mDgtjijAk toqFfpdwJ Nkyjpfkhfgt ej epfotpd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk vej tifahd clypay uPjpahd NtiyfspYk ltLgl ayhJssdu mjd fhuzkhf tUkhdk ltlLtjwFk jkJ FLkgqfSfF MjutspggjwFkhd mtufsJ Mwwy ila+WfFsshffggLtJld J mtufspd Mzikia NkYk rthYfFlgLjjpgt ngzfs kwWk rpWtufisg ghJfhjJ mtufSfF toqFeuhf nrawgLk jkJ ghukgupa tfpgqif MwWtjpypUeJ mtufisj jLffpdwJ
raquo ghypay milahsk (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs Mfpa UtUfFnkjpuhd) ghypay tdKiwia iogNghu ngUkghdikahf MzfnsdgjhYk gy fyhrhuqfspy XupdrNrufifr nrayfspy ltLgLjy (Fwpgghf Mz CLUtggLkNghJ) Mzpd XupdrNrufiffF rhdwhf mikAk vdf fUjggLtjhYk jhk nratjwFg gytejggLjjggll ghypay nrawghLfspd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa Foggjij ntspggLjjf$Lk ayghf VwgLk tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfs Nghdw rhjhuz clypay Jyqfyfs (ghuffgt nglb 6 lsquogytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfsrsquo) gwwpa GupjypdikapdhYk ghjpffgglltufspd Foggk NkYk mjpfupffgglyhk fFoggkhdJ ezgufsgt FLkg cWggpdufsgt rfk kwWk Nrit toqFeufs MfpNahupd vjputpidfshy NkYk Nkhrkilayhk
raquo MjuT Nritfspd gwwhfFiw ngUkghyhd oikTfspy ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs kdpjhgpkhd epforrpjjpllqfshy GwffzpffggLtJld ghjpffggll MzfSfF vtthW gjpyhwWtJ vdgJ Fwpjj gapwrpawwgt kwWk jkfFss klLggLjjggll tsqfisf nfhzL ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfisf ifahstjwF VwfdNt jpzwptUk Nrit toqFeufshy Nghjpastpy MjutspffggLtjpyiy NkYkgt cjtpg gzpahsufsgt itjjpaufs kwWk csts MNyhrfufs NghdNwhugt ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs XupdrNrufifahsufshtu kwWk mjDldhd rll kwWk rf kPs ghjpgGfSffhd mghaqfs Nghdw jdghypd mrrk rhuej fUjJffis MjupggJk nghJthf lkngWtNj ggpurrpidahdJgt gyNtW Rwwhlyfspy rf MjuTf FOffs fhzgglhikAld NrueJgt ghjpffggll Mzfs kPjhd epuhfupgG kwWk jdpikggLjjy gwwpa $UzuitAk kPs typAWjJfpdwJ nghUjjkww gjpypWgGld njhluGila rllgt kUjJtgt cs kwWk cs-rf rthyfs fhuzkhfgt ngUkghyhd ghjpffggll Mzfs mikjpahf UggJld ghjpgig mwpfifapLtJkpyiy cjtpia ehLkNghJkgt ghjpffggll Mzfs ghypay tdKiw gwwpf FwpggplhJgt NtW gpurrpidfis (c-k KJF typgt Jffk njhlughd gpurrpidfsgt ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs) FwpggpLtjwfhd rhjjpak mjpfk
272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs
ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs - ghypay ehllk kwWk ghypay milahsk gwwpa Ngjkpdwp - gyNtW clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfis mDgtpfff$Lk vdgJld it gytej kwWk ayghd tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfisAk csslfff$Lk jNjhwwgghL vgNghJk rupahf GupeJnfhssggLtNjh vLjJfnfhssggLtNjh yiynadgjhygt ttifahd vjputpidfs ghjpffgglNlhuhYk mjwFg gjpyspgNghuhYk jtwhfgt mjhtJ ghjpffgglltu mrnraYfF rkkjk njuptpjjhu myyJ mjid tpUkgp mDgtpjjhu vd - nghUsNfhly nraagglyhk J ghjpffgglltufSfNf Foggjij VwgLjjyhk vdgJld jkJ ghypay ehllk gwwpa reNjfjij mtufSfF vOgGtJld jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa gajijAk VwgLjJfpdwJ jidj jtpuggjwfhfgt gpdtUtdtwiw Nkwnfhssy gpujhdkhFk
raquo MtzggLjjypd g+uthqf Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ nrawghllhsufshYk rkgejggll Vida FO cWggpdufshYk midjJ clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfs gwwpa Nghjpa Muharrp NkwnfhssgglL mit rupahfg GupeJ nfhssggLtij cWjpggLjjy
raquo csshuej FwwTzurrp myyJ cwtpdufspd epuhfupgG Nghdwtwiwj jtpuggjwfhf gtttifahd vjputpidfs ayghdit vdTk kpfTk rhjhuzkhdit vdTk ghjpffggll MzfSfFkgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtufsJ FLkgqfSfFk njupaggLjjp mtufis kPs cWjpggLjjy ej clypay vjputpidfis ghypay Jzlyfs gwwpa vzzffUtpypUeJ gpupjJg ghuggjhdJgt Fwpgghfgt ghypay ehllk milahsk njhlughd Foggqfis VwgLjJk rejuggqfspy gpujhdkhFk J njhlugpygt tdKiwrhuej kwWk tpUggjjpwnfjpuhd tdGzutpdhy ngzfSk fuggkilayhk vdgijAk Mz ngz rkgejggll ttpU rejuggqfspYk jjifa Jyqfyfs tpUggk myyJ rkkjjjpd Fwpfhlbfshf vLjJfnfhssggl KbahJ vdgijAk kffSfF epidt+lLjy gadspfff$Lk
15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff
nglb 7
Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy
ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ jdpggll egufisg ghjpggJ khjjpukdwp cssf kwWk rf gpworrpfisAk VwgLjJtjwfhd rhjjpaKssJ Fwpgghfgt ghjpffgglltu jdJ rfjjpdhy forrpfFsshffggLtjhdJ ngUkghYk mtuJ FLkgjjpdiuAk nrdwilfpdwJ
ghjpffggll MzfSffhd ghjpffgglltiu ikakhffnfhzl gjpy eltbfiffs ghjpffggll jdpegUld khjjpukdwpgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtuJ Jizgt FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfqfSlDk gzpahwWjy FwpjJg guprPypjjy NtzLk NkYkgt rfhffsplkpUeJ Mjuitg ngwWfnfhstjwFk jkJ jdpikapypUeJ tpLgLtjwFk Ra cjtpf FOffis mikggjwF myyJ mtwwpy iztjwFk ghjpffgglltufs CfFtpffggl NtzLk15
15
hellipghjpffggll Mzfsgt jjifa jhfFjiygt
ngz ayghffggLtjhf khjjpukdwp Mzik
ePffkhfTk XupdrNrufifahfTk czufpdwdu
273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
E rllr rllfqfsgy ehLfspygt csehlL rll rllfqfs - jzlidr rllfNfhitfs kwWk myyJ tpNrl ghypay tdKiwr rllqfs - ghjpffggll Mzfspd ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwd jdhy Mzfs jhkhfNt KdtUjy rhjjpakwwjhfNth myyJ mghak epiwejjhfNth fhzggLfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk U gpujhd rthyfis vjpunfhsfpdwdu
1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)
2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwJ
17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
18 eehLfspy rpytwwpygt ghjpffggll Mzfs lsquoghypay jhfFjyrsquo myyJ lsquofzzpakww jhfFjyrsquo vdgtwwpwfhd eptujjpia ehl KbAkgt Mdhy ej VwghLfs nghJthf ngzfspd tdGzutpwF toqfggLtij tplf
Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ
raquo Nkhjypdhy ghjpffggll ehLfspYss 90 tPjkhd Mzfs jhk ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggbd rlljjpdhy ghJfhgG vjidAk ngw Kbahj oepiyfspNy fhzggLfpdwdu
raquo Vwjjho cyf rdjnjhifapd 23 tPjjjpidg gpujpepjpjJtggLjJk 62 ehLfs ngzfis khjjpuNk tdGzuTfFlglLg ghjpffgglf$batufshf mqfPfupffpdwd18
raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk
raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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tofF czikfs rllj jifik
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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nglb 11
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5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
mejuqfjjdik gwwpa mffiwfspYk J ghupastpy ghjpgig VwgLjJk rllr rllfjijg nghWjJgt gytej tdGzuT CLUtyhdJ Fwwkhffgglyhk mjJld epuggejkmrRWjjyfs jwfhgGfshf vLffggl KbahjpUffyhk ghjpffggll MzfSld gzpGupAk nrawghllhsufs lsquoXupdrNrufifis CfFtpggjhfrsquo nghUs nfhssgglyhk vdgJld rfqfsgt mjpfhupfs kwWk VidNahuplkpUeJ Nkyjpf jilfisAk vjpunfhssf$Lk jidf Fiwggjwfhd Nyhghaqfs J njhlugpy tpUjjp nraaggLjy NtzLk
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2002 ygt Nghuffhy tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa gpurrpidfspy gzpahwWk mur rhugww epWtdqfspy 3 tPjk khjjpuNk ghjpffgll MzfSld gzpahwWtjpy ltLglld27 dWtiugt eepiyik Xustpy khjjpuNk KdNdwwkileJssJ
279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
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II mkrqfspd csslffqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gpddpizgG 1m Fwwqfspd
mkrqfspd epuy
1 mbggilapYss Fwwqfspd jdptifr
Rlba mkrqffs (vej nray
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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raquo ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwapd ghypay ayghdJ ftdpffgglhJ tplggLfpdwJ vdgJld lsquorpjjputijrsquo vdDk nrhwgjjjpwFs kiwffggLfpdwJ jdhygt MtzggLjJeufsgt Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthugt epaharigfs kwWk ePjpkdwqfs (rutNjr klljjpYk csslqfyhf) MfpatwwpdhYk mjJld ghjpffgglNlhufshYk J ghypay jdikawwjhf rpjjupffggLfpdwJ
8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5
9 nts pehlL mg pt pUj j p e pWtfk (2014) ngUNthllj j pDs Ns Mz fs kw Wk Mz g ps isfSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwfis vjpu nfhs sy RUf fg gj j puk yz ld ODI
10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342
12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379
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10 11 12
268mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo FwwkpiogNghu FwwkpiogNghu ngUkghYk rpiwjJiwg gzpahlnlhFjpgt nghyp] kwWk rkhjhdjij epiyehlLNthu csslqfyhf MAjf FOffs kwWk MAjggilfisr NruejtufshfNt cssdu Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia ioggtufspy ngUkghdikahNdhu Mzfs vd ekgggLk mNjNtisgt ngzfshy JuggpuNahfk ioffggLk rejuggqfSkgt tpNrlkhf FwwkpiogNghu FOffshfr nrawgLkNghJ (c-k fygG kwWk xNu ghyepiyf FOffs Mfpa uzLk)gt fhzggLtjhf mwpaggLfpdwJ
raquo tbtqfs Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ gy tifahd tbtqfspy mikayhk kythry topahd tdGzuT nghJ tbtkhf mikAk mNjNtisgt ttplak kpfTk tpupthd gugigf nfhzLssJ (ghuffgt $L 5 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd1cjhuzqfsrsquo) ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk VidNahUfnfjpuhd ghypay eltbfiffspy gqFgwWtjwF (c-k jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufsgt FLkg cWggpdufs) myyJ FLkg cWggpdufs ghypay uPjpahfj JdGWjjggLtijg ghuggjwF gytejggLjjggLjjggLtu vdgJld ttdKiw ngUkghYk NtzLnkdNw gfpuqfkhf NkwnfhssggLk ghjpffgglltupd mtkjpgigAk ghjpgGWjdik gwwpa $UzuitAk mjpfupggjwfhf gytejkhf eputhzkhffggLjYk (c-k tprhuizapdNghJ) gadgLjjgglyhk
raquo mikgGfs jjifa tiffspyhd tdKiwfs gyNtWgll mikgGfspy lkngWfpdwd jLjJ itffggLkplqfs (c-k nghyp] flLffhtygt rpiwfsgt tprhuizrpjjputijf $lqfs Nghdwtwwpy UfFkNghJ) mfjp epiyaqfsgt jLgG epiyaqfs kwWk Kfhkfs gil Kfhkfs kwWk gapwrp epiyaqfs kffspd nrhej tPLfsgt RwWgGwqfs kwWk fpuhkqfs jzlidg gakpdwp mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffgglf$bajhd jLjJ itffgglLss lqfisAk kwWk Vida epiyikfisAk rptgGf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) csslfFfpdwd
nglb 3
ghjpf fg glltu pd mDgtk
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njhlueJ dW ehlfshf vdid tprhuiz nraNjhuhy ehd tdGzuTfFlgLjjgglNld tdGzuT utpNyNa lkngwwJld mtufs FbNghijapNy ehd jLjJitffggll rpiwf$zbwF tejdu Wjpapygt mej rpjjputijia vddhy nghWff Kbatpyiy ehdfhk ehsdW xgGjy thfFynkhdwpy ehd ifnahggkplNld tprhuiz nraNjhu tprhuizapdNghJ vdJ mejuqf cWgGfis gpbjJ Oggugt Mdhy tdGzuTfs utpNyNa lkngwwdrsquo
lsquoehk cqfSfF ghlk GflLNthkrsquo yqifg ghJfhgGg gilfshy jkpoUfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiw Human Rights Watch nggUtup 26 2013
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269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
lsquoiygPupa fpsurrpf FOtpd rhus] nlayupd13 Njrpa NjrggwW Kddzpapd Kddhs Mlbywp giljjsgjpAk iygPupa gpuirnahUtUkhd khulbdh N[hdrDfF vjpuhd toffpy ghjpffgglNlhiuAk mtufsJ FLkgqfisAk ehd gpujpepjpjJtggLjJfpdNwdrsquo
khulbdh N[hdrd 2014 nrgnlkgu 17 Mk jpfjpadW n[dl gpuNjrjjpy ifJ nraagglLgt iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghjhd fhyggFjpapy (1989 ndash 1996)gt ghupa nfhiyfsgt rpWtu Nghuhspfisg gilapy Nrujjy kwWk ghypay tdKiw csslqfyhd NghufFwwqfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwqfs vdf fUjggLk Fwwqfspy mtuJ Neubg gqFgwwYffhf ngy[pa ePjpgjpnahUtuhy Fwwk rhllggllhu gyNtW Mzfspd MZWgGfis N[hdrd rpijjjik Nghdw Fwpggpljjff nfhba ghypay Fwwqfs gwwpa rhujJjyfisAk ttofF nfhzLssJ
iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghJ ioffggll rutNjr FwwrnrayfSffhf xUtUfnfjpuhf FwwggfuT nraaggllik JNt Kjwwlitnadgjhy J xU jpUgGKidahd toffhf mikfpdwJ Nghjpa rhlrpaqfs NrfupffggLkhapdgt Nkhjy oepiynahdwpy ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiwfF cau gjtpapYss ngznzhUtu Neubg nghWgGilatuhff fzlwpaggll KjyhtJ toffhfTk J mikAkrsquo
13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
Kjy 2002 tiuahd fhyggFjpapy rpahuh ypNahdpy gyNtW efuqfspd kPJ jhfFjyfisj jpllkpllik kwWk Ajjf
Fwwqfsgt kdpjhgpkhdjJfnfjpuhf Fwwqfsgt kwWk IHL wnfjpuhd ghupa kPwyfs Mfpatwwpy Revolutionary United Front (RUF) vdDk fpsurrpf FOtpwF cjtpaikAk MjutspjjikAk Mfpatwwpwfhf 2012 Nk 30 Mk jpfjpadW SCSL dhy tUfF 50 tUl rpiwjjzlid toqfggllJ
jz lidg gakpd w p mjpfhuk g puNahfpf fg glf $bajhd jLj J
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270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd14 cjhuzqfs
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raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
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raquo FLkg cWggpdufs myyhNjhu (c-k ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs)
raquo tpyqFfs
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raquo gpwgGWgG vupgG (c-k rpfulfsgt cUffpa gpsh]upfgt nfhjpePu Nghdwtwwhy)
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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy
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gytej jpUkzqfs ghypay mbikjjdk (c-k rpWtu Nghuhspfs)
14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk
CARSV gwwpa ghjpffggll Mzfspd mDgtqfSk jhffqfSk ghjpffggll ngzfs vjpunfhsgtwwpwFg gyNtW tpjqfspy xjjjhfNt mikAk ghjpffgglNlhu kPJ ghypay tdKiw VwgLjjf$ba rhjjpakhd clygt csgt rf kwWk nghUshjhuj jhffqfs gwwpa glbay xdwpwF mjjpahak 2 ghypay tdKiwiag GupeJ nfhssygt $L 6 ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfisg ghuff J ghjpffggll Mzfs kPJ Fwpggpljjff jhffqfisf nfhzLss Fwpggpll epunyhdiw csslffpAssJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF khjjpuk cupjjhd rpy Fwpggpll rthyfs fPNo RUffkhfj jugglLssd
raquo ghyepiy milahsk ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ xjj ghyepiy epakqfs kwWk juffjjpd mbggilapNyNa mikeJssdgt U juggpdUk jdhy lsquongzzpayghffggLtJldrsquo jd tpisthf juk FiwejtufshfTk fPo klljjpduhfTk fUjggLfpdwdu Mz ngz UtupdJk ghyepiy milahskhdJ jjifa tdKiwapdhy rthYfFlgLjjggLfpdwJ vdgJld Nkyjpfkhd tpisnthdwhfgt jjifa jhfFjyhdJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF ngzzpayghffggLk mDgtjij khjjpukdwp Mzik ePffk kwWk XupdrNrufifahsuhfg ghuffggLk mDgtjijAk toqFfpdwJ Nkyjpfkhfgt ej epfotpd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk vej tifahd clypay uPjpahd NtiyfspYk ltLgl ayhJssdu mjd fhuzkhf tUkhdk ltlLtjwFk jkJ FLkgqfSfF MjutspggjwFkhd mtufsJ Mwwy ila+WfFsshffggLtJld J mtufspd Mzikia NkYk rthYfFlgLjjpgt ngzfs kwWk rpWtufisg ghJfhjJ mtufSfF toqFeuhf nrawgLk jkJ ghukgupa tfpgqif MwWtjpypUeJ mtufisj jLffpdwJ
raquo ghypay milahsk (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs Mfpa UtUfFnkjpuhd) ghypay tdKiwia iogNghu ngUkghdikahf MzfnsdgjhYk gy fyhrhuqfspy XupdrNrufifr nrayfspy ltLgLjy (Fwpgghf Mz CLUtggLkNghJ) Mzpd XupdrNrufiffF rhdwhf mikAk vdf fUjggLtjhYk jhk nratjwFg gytejggLjjggll ghypay nrawghLfspd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa Foggjij ntspggLjjf$Lk ayghf VwgLk tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfs Nghdw rhjhuz clypay Jyqfyfs (ghuffgt nglb 6 lsquogytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfsrsquo) gwwpa GupjypdikapdhYk ghjpffgglltufspd Foggk NkYk mjpfupffgglyhk fFoggkhdJ ezgufsgt FLkg cWggpdufsgt rfk kwWk Nrit toqFeufs MfpNahupd vjputpidfshy NkYk Nkhrkilayhk
raquo MjuT Nritfspd gwwhfFiw ngUkghyhd oikTfspy ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs kdpjhgpkhd epforrpjjpllqfshy GwffzpffggLtJld ghjpffggll MzfSfF vtthW gjpyhwWtJ vdgJ Fwpjj gapwrpawwgt kwWk jkfFss klLggLjjggll tsqfisf nfhzL ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfisf ifahstjwF VwfdNt jpzwptUk Nrit toqFeufshy Nghjpastpy MjutspffggLtjpyiy NkYkgt cjtpg gzpahsufsgt itjjpaufs kwWk csts MNyhrfufs NghdNwhugt ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs XupdrNrufifahsufshtu kwWk mjDldhd rll kwWk rf kPs ghjpgGfSffhd mghaqfs Nghdw jdghypd mrrk rhuej fUjJffis MjupggJk nghJthf lkngWtNj ggpurrpidahdJgt gyNtW Rwwhlyfspy rf MjuTf FOffs fhzgglhikAld NrueJgt ghjpffggll Mzfs kPjhd epuhfupgG kwWk jdpikggLjjy gwwpa $UzuitAk kPs typAWjJfpdwJ nghUjjkww gjpypWgGld njhluGila rllgt kUjJtgt cs kwWk cs-rf rthyfs fhuzkhfgt ngUkghyhd ghjpffggll Mzfs mikjpahf UggJld ghjpgig mwpfifapLtJkpyiy cjtpia ehLkNghJkgt ghjpffggll Mzfs ghypay tdKiw gwwpf FwpggplhJgt NtW gpurrpidfis (c-k KJF typgt Jffk njhlughd gpurrpidfsgt ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs) FwpggpLtjwfhd rhjjpak mjpfk
272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs
ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs - ghypay ehllk kwWk ghypay milahsk gwwpa Ngjkpdwp - gyNtW clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfis mDgtpfff$Lk vdgJld it gytej kwWk ayghd tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfisAk csslfff$Lk jNjhwwgghL vgNghJk rupahf GupeJnfhssggLtNjh vLjJfnfhssggLtNjh yiynadgjhygt ttifahd vjputpidfs ghjpffgglNlhuhYk mjwFg gjpyspgNghuhYk jtwhfgt mjhtJ ghjpffgglltu mrnraYfF rkkjk njuptpjjhu myyJ mjid tpUkgp mDgtpjjhu vd - nghUsNfhly nraagglyhk J ghjpffgglltufSfNf Foggjij VwgLjjyhk vdgJld jkJ ghypay ehllk gwwpa reNjfjij mtufSfF vOgGtJld jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa gajijAk VwgLjJfpdwJ jidj jtpuggjwfhfgt gpdtUtdtwiw Nkwnfhssy gpujhdkhFk
raquo MtzggLjjypd g+uthqf Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ nrawghllhsufshYk rkgejggll Vida FO cWggpdufshYk midjJ clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfs gwwpa Nghjpa Muharrp NkwnfhssgglL mit rupahfg GupeJ nfhssggLtij cWjpggLjjy
raquo csshuej FwwTzurrp myyJ cwtpdufspd epuhfupgG Nghdwtwiwj jtpuggjwfhf gtttifahd vjputpidfs ayghdit vdTk kpfTk rhjhuzkhdit vdTk ghjpffggll MzfSfFkgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtufsJ FLkgqfSfFk njupaggLjjp mtufis kPs cWjpggLjjy ej clypay vjputpidfis ghypay Jzlyfs gwwpa vzzffUtpypUeJ gpupjJg ghuggjhdJgt Fwpgghfgt ghypay ehllk milahsk njhlughd Foggqfis VwgLjJk rejuggqfspy gpujhdkhFk J njhlugpygt tdKiwrhuej kwWk tpUggjjpwnfjpuhd tdGzutpdhy ngzfSk fuggkilayhk vdgijAk Mz ngz rkgejggll ttpU rejuggqfspYk jjifa Jyqfyfs tpUggk myyJ rkkjjjpd Fwpfhlbfshf vLjJfnfhssggl KbahJ vdgijAk kffSfF epidt+lLjy gadspfff$Lk
15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff
nglb 7
Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy
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ghjpffggll MzfSffhd ghjpffgglltiu ikakhffnfhzl gjpy eltbfiffs ghjpffggll jdpegUld khjjpukdwpgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtuJ Jizgt FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfqfSlDk gzpahwWjy FwpjJg guprPypjjy NtzLk NkYkgt rfhffsplkpUeJ Mjuitg ngwWfnfhstjwFk jkJ jdpikapypUeJ tpLgLtjwFk Ra cjtpf FOffis mikggjwF myyJ mtwwpy iztjwFk ghjpffgglltufs CfFtpffggl NtzLk15
15
hellipghjpffggll Mzfsgt jjifa jhfFjiygt
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ePffkhfTk XupdrNrufifahfTk czufpdwdu
273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
E rllr rllfqfsgy ehLfspygt csehlL rll rllfqfs - jzlidr rllfNfhitfs kwWk myyJ tpNrl ghypay tdKiwr rllqfs - ghjpffggll Mzfspd ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwd jdhy Mzfs jhkhfNt KdtUjy rhjjpakwwjhfNth myyJ mghak epiwejjhfNth fhzggLfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk U gpujhd rthyfis vjpunfhsfpdwdu
1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)
2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwJ
17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ
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raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif
275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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nglb 11
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1 fsjjpy nrytplggLk Neuk mjjifa ghjpffgglNlhUld mtrpakhd ekgpfif kwWk xjjpiritj jhgpggjwF mjpf NeuKk gy NeufhzyfSk Njitgglyhk
2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
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4 ghjpffggll MzfSffhd njhlugPlL toptiffis dqfhZtjwFg nghUjjkhd jpllkply
5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo Fwpfhlbfs jLjJ itffggLk epiyikfsgt Fwpjj ghjpgGWepiy myyJ mjpfhu rkepiyapdik fhzggLk Vida epiyikfs Nghdw mjjifa tdKiwnahdW lkngwwpUffyhk vdgijf Fwpggplf$ba rptgGf FwpaPLfs kwWk Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ NjhdWk Vida Fwpfhlbfs (c-k KJF typ myyJ ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs gwwp KiwapLk Mzfspd rpfprir mwpfiffspy rLjpahd mjpfupgG) gwwp tpopgghftpUjjy NtzLk (ghuff- $L 13 lsquoMzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwfspd Fwpfhlbfsrsquo)
raquo mghaqfs Muharrpapd oikT - ghjpffggll Mzfs Nehffpajhd rf kdepiyfs csslqfyhd Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjy kwWk NtNwNjDk rllr rllfjjpd gpufhuk jfty NrfupffgglbUggpDk$lgt gpuNahfpffgglf$ba csSu rllr rllfk (NkYss cgt rllr rllfqfisg ghuff) Mfpait njhluGila Fwpjj mghaqfsjdghypd mrrk fhzggLk xU rpy oikTfspygt XupdrNrufif gwwpa reNjfkhdJ kuzkgt rpiwapyilgG myyJ Vida ghuJukhd tpisTfSfF lLrnryYk vdgJld VidatwWld NrujJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ntspteJ mJ FwpjJg NgRtjpYk
27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
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g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
mrRWjjyfs myyJ ghjpgGWepiyfs njhlughd yqfis dqfhzTk mjjfia mrRWjjyfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSff khjjpukyy rhlrpfs kwWk gzpahsufsgt jftyfs MfpatwWfF Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gwwp rpejpjJg ghuffTk mrRWjjyfis tifggLjJk Kfkhf fPofFwpggplgglLss tplaqfisg gadgLjjp mjjifa mrRWjjy yk kwWk twwpdhy kwWk jjifa mrRWjjyfs ahiu yffhff nfhzL vtthW nrawgLk vdgijAk rpejpffTk
mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
raquo ghypay tdKiwapypUeJ ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfspdhy Vwglf$ba jhkjpffggll myyJ jwNghija clygt cstpaygt rgt nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
raquo NkhjypypUeJ tdKiwfsgt epyffzzp ntbfsgt cileJ tpOej clfllikgG trjpfs
raquo rhlrpfs myyJ cqfSfF MAjfFOffspdhy Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gopthqfygt jhfFjyfs
raquo ngsjPf hPjpahd oypypUeJ Gtpapay epiyikgt fhyepiygt ntssgngUfFgt vjpunfhsstpUffpdw thdpiygt xJfFgGwkhd ghijfsgt Nkhrkhd tPLfsgt mfjp Kfhkfs myyJ csehlby lkngauejtufSffhd Kfhkfs Mfpatwwpd ghJfhgG epiyikfs
raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
1gbKiw xd W
mr RWj jy fis
glbayplTk
2gbKiw uz L
lu fis
kjpg g plTk
3
lu fis
jzpj jy my yJ
Kfhikj Jtk
nra jy
gpddpizgG 2 mrRWjjy kwWk
lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
xivgpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
lu kll kjpggPL
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gbtk 3
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g pd izg G 3
1 ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Vida jftyfis cWjpggLjJtjwF jlatpay rhuej myyJ Vida tifahd ngsjPf tifahd rhdWfs css+ur rll newpKiwfspd gbAk rhdWfs tiffspd njhlugpYk mtrpaggLfpdwdth (cjhuzkhfgt Fwwtpaygt rptpygt murpayikgG myyJ Vidait)
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
bull cqfSfF mtrpakhd rll hPjpahd mjpfhuk cssjh
bull rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis Kiwahff fsQrpaggLjjp mtwiw cqfshy ghJfhff KbAkh
4 kPwyfs lkngww ljjpy myyJ fsjjpy ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ePqfs fhZk glrjjpygt mtwiwr NrfhpggjwF Kddu mjjifa rhdWfis VwfdNt NrfhpggjwF myyJ gjpTnratjwF myyJ MtzggLjJtjwF myyJ NtWtpjkhf ePqfs KadWssPufsh
bull ePzfs fzlwpej tplak njhlugpy FwpgngLjjybull tdKiw lkngww lk njhlugpyhd tiugpid Nkwnfhssy
bull nghUlfs njhlughd Gifgglqfis vLjjy kwWk kPwy lkngww ljjpidg GifgglnkLjjy
bull thagGss rejuggqfspy tdKiwfs lkngww lqfis tPbNah gjpTnrajybull thagGss rejuggqfspy ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfSld kPwyfs lkngww
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xviiigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
xixgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
15 jhfFjy lkngWtjwF 60 ehlfSfF Kddu NehahspfF Nahdpapy fhaqfsgt Vida fhaqfsgt rpfprir Kiwfs fhzgglld it
jwNghija kUjJtr Nrhjidapd nghUlNfhlyfis ghjpffyhk
ldquo3 wF Nkyrdquo vdpy yffjijf FwpggplTk
ufrpa Mtzk
uagn dphtjjpsafirpfpr NordmCNOMrpfprifaspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 1 of 4
7 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN2 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN
20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
A Nehahsu gwwpa jfty1 Wjpg ngau
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njhpahJ
8 gpwej lk
9 jpUkz epiy
10 pjfpj wwgnkl ahlptjhk fhapjW
12 djewpg dlUpac sfjieoF dijjv 13 hapzpgghf JhgNwj
njhpahJMk yiy
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
18 hjllggffpfhaNupg kjetyg Jyym sfqjAM gtyjjWRrm (VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
njhpahJ
19 gytejk MAjqfs tif
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Mzngz
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Nehahsu Mz vdpdgt 14 tJ Nfstp tiu jtpuffTk
1 fifpzzv dpsfuge fjNer
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KjyhtJ reNjf egu 2 ndash 6 NfstpfSfF gjpyspffTk
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3 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
4 Jat phrhur dphge fjNer
6 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
5 reNjf egugt rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJ
njhpahJ
Mk yiy
2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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yjjuptj
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njhpahJ
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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njhpahJ
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10 reNjf egu
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
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njhpahJ
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c sflUhgnadiV
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c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
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tuzl frpT
clw gFjp fzlwpjyfs fUjJffs
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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khwwggll lk
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
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khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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raquo mstPL ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd czikahd kllqfs jPtpukhf tprhuiz nraagglL gFgghaT nraaggll rpy rejuggqfspypUeJ vOk tplakhdJ toikahf CfpffggLk myyJ nghJthf VwWfnfhssggLk mstPlil tpl czikahd mstPL kpfTk mjpfkhdJ vdgJld ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSffpilNaahd VwwjjhothdJ czikapy Kddu GupeJ nfhssggllijg NghdwstpwF yiy vdgJkhFk
raquo ghjpffggLNthu ghjpffggLNthu rptpypadfs khjjpukyy vdgJld uhZt fllikgGffspy (c-k MAjf FOffs kwWk MAjggilfspd cWggpdufs) ghjpffggll MzfSk cauej msTfspy fhzggLfpdwdu ghjpffggll Mzfs gpujhdkhf jLjJitffgglNlhugt Nghuhspfs kwWk mfjpfSffpilNaNa fhzggLfpdwdu
raquo FwwkpiogNghu FwwkpiogNghu ngUkghYk rpiwjJiwg gzpahlnlhFjpgt nghyp] kwWk rkhjhdjij epiyehlLNthu csslqfyhf MAjf FOffs kwWk MAjggilfisr NruejtufshfNt cssdu Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia ioggtufspy ngUkghdikahNdhu Mzfs vd ekgggLk mNjNtisgt ngzfshy JuggpuNahfk ioffggLk rejuggqfSkgt tpNrlkhf FwwkpiogNghu FOffshfr nrawgLkNghJ (c-k fygG kwWk xNu ghyepiyf FOffs Mfpa uzLk)gt fhzggLtjhf mwpaggLfpdwJ
raquo tbtqfs Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ gy tifahd tbtqfspy mikayhk kythry topahd tdGzuT nghJ tbtkhf mikAk mNjNtisgt ttplak kpfTk tpupthd gugigf nfhzLssJ (ghuffgt $L 5 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd1cjhuzqfsrsquo) ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk VidNahUfnfjpuhd ghypay eltbfiffspy gqFgwWtjwF (c-k jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufsgt FLkg cWggpdufs) myyJ FLkg cWggpdufs ghypay uPjpahfj JdGWjjggLtijg ghuggjwF gytejggLjjggLjjggLtu vdgJld ttdKiw ngUkghYk NtzLnkdNw gfpuqfkhf NkwnfhssggLk ghjpffgglltupd mtkjpgigAk ghjpgGWjdik gwwpa $UzuitAk mjpfupggjwfhf gytejkhf eputhzkhffggLjYk (c-k tprhuizapdNghJ) gadgLjjgglyhk
raquo mikgGfs jjifa tiffspyhd tdKiwfs gyNtWgll mikgGfspy lkngWfpdwd jLjJ itffggLkplqfs (c-k nghyp] flLffhtygt rpiwfsgt tprhuizrpjjputijf $lqfs Nghdwtwwpy UfFkNghJ) mfjp epiyaqfsgt jLgG epiyaqfs kwWk Kfhkfs gil Kfhkfs kwWk gapwrp epiyaqfs kffspd nrhej tPLfsgt RwWgGwqfs kwWk fpuhkqfs jzlidg gakpdwp mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffgglf$bajhd jLjJ itffgglLss lqfisAk kwWk Vida epiyikfisAk rptgGf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) csslfFfpdwd
nglb 3
ghjpf fg glltu pd mDgtk
jkpo Mzgt yqif
lsquovdJ Milfs fisagglL csshilAld fjpiunahdWld flbitffgglNld vdJ tprhuizahsufs vdid mbffTk FjjTk Mukgpjjdu ehd vyuPuPlt cWggpdu vdDk mtufspd FwwrrhlLffis ehd njhlueJk kWjNjd mtufs vdid thqnfhdwpy gLffr nraJtplL jbnahdwpdhy mbffj njhlqfpdu rpjjputij NkYk Nkhrkilaj njhlqfpaJgt vdfF rpfulbdhy njhlurrpahf L itffggllJ
njhlueJ dW ehlfshf vdid tprhuiz nraNjhuhy ehd tdGzuTfFlgLjjgglNld tdGzuT utpNyNa lkngwwJld mtufs FbNghijapNy ehd jLjJitffggll rpiwf$zbwF tejdu Wjpapygt mej rpjjputijia vddhy nghWff Kbatpyiy ehdfhk ehsdW xgGjy thfFynkhdwpy ehd ifnahggkplNld tprhuiz nraNjhu tprhuizapdNghJ vdJ mejuqf cWgGfis gpbjJ Oggugt Mdhy tdGzuTfs utpNyNa lkngwwdrsquo
lsquoehk cqfSfF ghlk GflLNthkrsquo yqifg ghJfhgGg gilfshy jkpoUfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiw Human Rights Watch nggUtup 26 2013
hellip ghjpf fg gll Mz fs kw Wk ngz fSf fpilNaahd Vw wj jho T
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269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
lsquoiygPupa fpsurrpf FOtpd rhus] nlayupd13 Njrpa NjrggwW Kddzpapd Kddhs Mlbywp giljjsgjpAk iygPupa gpuirnahUtUkhd khulbdh N[hdrDfF vjpuhd toffpy ghjpffgglNlhiuAk mtufsJ FLkgqfisAk ehd gpujpepjpjJtggLjJfpdNwdrsquo
khulbdh N[hdrd 2014 nrgnlkgu 17 Mk jpfjpadW n[dl gpuNjrjjpy ifJ nraagglLgt iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghjhd fhyggFjpapy (1989 ndash 1996)gt ghupa nfhiyfsgt rpWtu Nghuhspfisg gilapy Nrujjy kwWk ghypay tdKiw csslqfyhd NghufFwwqfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwqfs vdf fUjggLk Fwwqfspy mtuJ Neubg gqFgwwYffhf ngy[pa ePjpgjpnahUtuhy Fwwk rhllggllhu gyNtW Mzfspd MZWgGfis N[hdrd rpijjjik Nghdw Fwpggpljjff nfhba ghypay Fwwqfs gwwpa rhujJjyfisAk ttofF nfhzLssJ
iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghJ ioffggll rutNjr FwwrnrayfSffhf xUtUfnfjpuhf FwwggfuT nraaggllik JNt Kjwwlitnadgjhy J xU jpUgGKidahd toffhf mikfpdwJ Nghjpa rhlrpaqfs NrfupffggLkhapdgt Nkhjy oepiynahdwpy ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiwfF cau gjtpapYss ngznzhUtu Neubg nghWgGilatuhff fzlwpaggll KjyhtJ toffhfTk J mikAkrsquo
13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
Kjy 2002 tiuahd fhyggFjpapy rpahuh ypNahdpy gyNtW efuqfspd kPJ jhfFjyfisj jpllkpllik kwWk Ajjf
Fwwqfsgt kdpjhgpkhdjJfnfjpuhf Fwwqfsgt kwWk IHL wnfjpuhd ghupa kPwyfs Mfpatwwpy Revolutionary United Front (RUF) vdDk fpsurrpf FOtpwF cjtpaikAk MjutspjjikAk Mfpatwwpwfhf 2012 Nk 30 Mk jpfjpadW SCSL dhy tUfF 50 tUl rpiwjjzlid toqfggllJ
jz lidg gakpd w p mjpfhuk g puNahfpf fg glf $bajhd jLj J
itf fg glLs s lq fisAk kw Wk Vida epiyikfisAk
r ptg Gf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) cs slf Ffpd wd
270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd14 cjhuzqfs
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt jdpahs kwWk $lL tdGzuT (MzfshYk kwWk ngzfshYk)
raquo MZWgghy kythry topahf tdGzuT
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raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo tha topahf tdGzuT gytejkhf MZWgig thapdhy cwpQrr nrajy
raquo NghdNwhUld gytej clYwTthay ghypay cwT ykhf tdGzuT
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs (c-k jhagt jeijgt rNfhjupgt rNfhjudgt xdWtpll rNfhjupgt ngwwhupd rNfhjup)
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs myyhNjhu (c-k ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs)
raquo tpyqFfs
raquo kythry topahd kwWkmyyJ thay tdGzuTfF Nkyjpfkhfgt FwwkpiogNghu fhJfsgt fzfs Nghdwtwwpy tpeJ ntspNawwy
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raquo gpwgGWgig mbjjy (c-k kpdrhu tlqfshy)
raquo gpwgGWgG vupgG (c-k rpfulfsgt cUffpa gpsh]upfgt nfhjpePu Nghdwtwwhy)
raquo gytej tpUjjNrjdk
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raquo kpdrhu mjpurrp
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raquo gytej eputhzk (c-k FLkgjjpdugt ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLsNshugt FwwkpiogNghugt rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy)
raquo ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd Nky NtnwhUtu tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLkNghJ (c-k kidtp) nkjijnahdwhfg gadgLjjggLjy
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raquo nghJ ljjpy Ra dgk mDgtpfFkhW gytejggLjjggly
gytejkhf gpdtUtd ykhf kylhffy
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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy
gytejggLjjp VidNahUfnfjpuhdgt Fwpgghf kidtpgt gpsisfsgt rNfhjuufsgt ngwNwhugt ezgufsgt maytufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs NghdNwhUfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwiag ghufFkhW rpjjputij nrajy
gytej jpUkzqfs ghypay mbikjjdk (c-k rpWtu Nghuhspfs)
14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk
CARSV gwwpa ghjpffggll Mzfspd mDgtqfSk jhffqfSk ghjpffggll ngzfs vjpunfhsgtwwpwFg gyNtW tpjqfspy xjjjhfNt mikAk ghjpffgglNlhu kPJ ghypay tdKiw VwgLjjf$ba rhjjpakhd clygt csgt rf kwWk nghUshjhuj jhffqfs gwwpa glbay xdwpwF mjjpahak 2 ghypay tdKiwiag GupeJ nfhssygt $L 6 ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfisg ghuff J ghjpffggll Mzfs kPJ Fwpggpljjff jhffqfisf nfhzLss Fwpggpll epunyhdiw csslffpAssJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF khjjpuk cupjjhd rpy Fwpggpll rthyfs fPNo RUffkhfj jugglLssd
raquo ghyepiy milahsk ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ xjj ghyepiy epakqfs kwWk juffjjpd mbggilapNyNa mikeJssdgt U juggpdUk jdhy lsquongzzpayghffggLtJldrsquo jd tpisthf juk FiwejtufshfTk fPo klljjpduhfTk fUjggLfpdwdu Mz ngz UtupdJk ghyepiy milahskhdJ jjifa tdKiwapdhy rthYfFlgLjjggLfpdwJ vdgJld Nkyjpfkhd tpisnthdwhfgt jjifa jhfFjyhdJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF ngzzpayghffggLk mDgtjij khjjpukdwp Mzik ePffk kwWk XupdrNrufifahsuhfg ghuffggLk mDgtjijAk toqFfpdwJ Nkyjpfkhfgt ej epfotpd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk vej tifahd clypay uPjpahd NtiyfspYk ltLgl ayhJssdu mjd fhuzkhf tUkhdk ltlLtjwFk jkJ FLkgqfSfF MjutspggjwFkhd mtufsJ Mwwy ila+WfFsshffggLtJld J mtufspd Mzikia NkYk rthYfFlgLjjpgt ngzfs kwWk rpWtufisg ghJfhjJ mtufSfF toqFeuhf nrawgLk jkJ ghukgupa tfpgqif MwWtjpypUeJ mtufisj jLffpdwJ
raquo ghypay milahsk (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs Mfpa UtUfFnkjpuhd) ghypay tdKiwia iogNghu ngUkghdikahf MzfnsdgjhYk gy fyhrhuqfspy XupdrNrufifr nrayfspy ltLgLjy (Fwpgghf Mz CLUtggLkNghJ) Mzpd XupdrNrufiffF rhdwhf mikAk vdf fUjggLtjhYk jhk nratjwFg gytejggLjjggll ghypay nrawghLfspd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa Foggjij ntspggLjjf$Lk ayghf VwgLk tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfs Nghdw rhjhuz clypay Jyqfyfs (ghuffgt nglb 6 lsquogytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfsrsquo) gwwpa GupjypdikapdhYk ghjpffgglltufspd Foggk NkYk mjpfupffgglyhk fFoggkhdJ ezgufsgt FLkg cWggpdufsgt rfk kwWk Nrit toqFeufs MfpNahupd vjputpidfshy NkYk Nkhrkilayhk
raquo MjuT Nritfspd gwwhfFiw ngUkghyhd oikTfspy ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs kdpjhgpkhd epforrpjjpllqfshy GwffzpffggLtJld ghjpffggll MzfSfF vtthW gjpyhwWtJ vdgJ Fwpjj gapwrpawwgt kwWk jkfFss klLggLjjggll tsqfisf nfhzL ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfisf ifahstjwF VwfdNt jpzwptUk Nrit toqFeufshy Nghjpastpy MjutspffggLtjpyiy NkYkgt cjtpg gzpahsufsgt itjjpaufs kwWk csts MNyhrfufs NghdNwhugt ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs XupdrNrufifahsufshtu kwWk mjDldhd rll kwWk rf kPs ghjpgGfSffhd mghaqfs Nghdw jdghypd mrrk rhuej fUjJffis MjupggJk nghJthf lkngWtNj ggpurrpidahdJgt gyNtW Rwwhlyfspy rf MjuTf FOffs fhzgglhikAld NrueJgt ghjpffggll Mzfs kPjhd epuhfupgG kwWk jdpikggLjjy gwwpa $UzuitAk kPs typAWjJfpdwJ nghUjjkww gjpypWgGld njhluGila rllgt kUjJtgt cs kwWk cs-rf rthyfs fhuzkhfgt ngUkghyhd ghjpffggll Mzfs mikjpahf UggJld ghjpgig mwpfifapLtJkpyiy cjtpia ehLkNghJkgt ghjpffggll Mzfs ghypay tdKiw gwwpf FwpggplhJgt NtW gpurrpidfis (c-k KJF typgt Jffk njhlughd gpurrpidfsgt ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs) FwpggpLtjwfhd rhjjpak mjpfk
272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs
ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs - ghypay ehllk kwWk ghypay milahsk gwwpa Ngjkpdwp - gyNtW clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfis mDgtpfff$Lk vdgJld it gytej kwWk ayghd tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfisAk csslfff$Lk jNjhwwgghL vgNghJk rupahf GupeJnfhssggLtNjh vLjJfnfhssggLtNjh yiynadgjhygt ttifahd vjputpidfs ghjpffgglNlhuhYk mjwFg gjpyspgNghuhYk jtwhfgt mjhtJ ghjpffgglltu mrnraYfF rkkjk njuptpjjhu myyJ mjid tpUkgp mDgtpjjhu vd - nghUsNfhly nraagglyhk J ghjpffgglltufSfNf Foggjij VwgLjjyhk vdgJld jkJ ghypay ehllk gwwpa reNjfjij mtufSfF vOgGtJld jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa gajijAk VwgLjJfpdwJ jidj jtpuggjwfhfgt gpdtUtdtwiw Nkwnfhssy gpujhdkhFk
raquo MtzggLjjypd g+uthqf Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ nrawghllhsufshYk rkgejggll Vida FO cWggpdufshYk midjJ clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfs gwwpa Nghjpa Muharrp NkwnfhssgglL mit rupahfg GupeJ nfhssggLtij cWjpggLjjy
raquo csshuej FwwTzurrp myyJ cwtpdufspd epuhfupgG Nghdwtwiwj jtpuggjwfhf gtttifahd vjputpidfs ayghdit vdTk kpfTk rhjhuzkhdit vdTk ghjpffggll MzfSfFkgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtufsJ FLkgqfSfFk njupaggLjjp mtufis kPs cWjpggLjjy ej clypay vjputpidfis ghypay Jzlyfs gwwpa vzzffUtpypUeJ gpupjJg ghuggjhdJgt Fwpgghfgt ghypay ehllk milahsk njhlughd Foggqfis VwgLjJk rejuggqfspy gpujhdkhFk J njhlugpygt tdKiwrhuej kwWk tpUggjjpwnfjpuhd tdGzutpdhy ngzfSk fuggkilayhk vdgijAk Mz ngz rkgejggll ttpU rejuggqfspYk jjifa Jyqfyfs tpUggk myyJ rkkjjjpd Fwpfhlbfshf vLjJfnfhssggl KbahJ vdgijAk kffSfF epidt+lLjy gadspfff$Lk
15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff
nglb 7
Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy
ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ jdpggll egufisg ghjpggJ khjjpukdwp cssf kwWk rf gpworrpfisAk VwgLjJtjwfhd rhjjpaKssJ Fwpgghfgt ghjpffgglltu jdJ rfjjpdhy forrpfFsshffggLtjhdJ ngUkghYk mtuJ FLkgjjpdiuAk nrdwilfpdwJ
ghjpffggll MzfSffhd ghjpffgglltiu ikakhffnfhzl gjpy eltbfiffs ghjpffggll jdpegUld khjjpukdwpgt nghUjjkhdtpljJgt mtuJ Jizgt FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfqfSlDk gzpahwWjy FwpjJg guprPypjjy NtzLk NkYkgt rfhffsplkpUeJ Mjuitg ngwWfnfhstjwFk jkJ jdpikapypUeJ tpLgLtjwFk Ra cjtpf FOffis mikggjwF myyJ mtwwpy iztjwFk ghjpffgglltufs CfFtpffggl NtzLk15
15
hellipghjpffggll Mzfsgt jjifa jhfFjiygt
ngz ayghffggLtjhf khjjpukdwp Mzik
ePffkhfTk XupdrNrufifahfTk czufpdwdu
273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
E rllr rllfqfsgy ehLfspygt csehlL rll rllfqfs - jzlidr rllfNfhitfs kwWk myyJ tpNrl ghypay tdKiwr rllqfs - ghjpffggll Mzfspd ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwd jdhy Mzfs jhkhfNt KdtUjy rhjjpakwwjhfNth myyJ mghak epiwejjhfNth fhzggLfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk U gpujhd rthyfis vjpunfhsfpdwdu
1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)
2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwJ
17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
18 eehLfspy rpytwwpygt ghjpffggll Mzfs lsquoghypay jhfFjyrsquo myyJ lsquofzzpakww jhfFjyrsquo vdgtwwpwfhd eptujjpia ehl KbAkgt Mdhy ej VwghLfs nghJthf ngzfspd tdGzutpwF toqfggLtij tplf
Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ
raquo Nkhjypdhy ghjpffggll ehLfspYss 90 tPjkhd Mzfs jhk ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggbd rlljjpdhy ghJfhgG vjidAk ngw Kbahj oepiyfspNy fhzggLfpdwdu
raquo Vwjjho cyf rdjnjhifapd 23 tPjjjpidg gpujpepjpjJtggLjJk 62 ehLfs ngzfis khjjpuNk tdGzuTfFlglLg ghjpffgglf$batufshf mqfPfupffpdwd18
raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk
raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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tofF czikfs rllj jifik
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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nglb 11
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5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
mejuqfjjdik gwwpa mffiwfspYk J ghupastpy ghjpgig VwgLjJk rllr rllfjijg nghWjJgt gytej tdGzuT CLUtyhdJ Fwwkhffgglyhk mjJld epuggejkmrRWjjyfs jwfhgGfshf vLffggl KbahjpUffyhk ghjpffggll MzfSld gzpGupAk nrawghllhsufs lsquoXupdrNrufifis CfFtpggjhfrsquo nghUs nfhssgglyhk vdgJld rfqfsgt mjpfhupfs kwWk VidNahuplkpUeJ Nkyjpf jilfisAk vjpunfhssf$Lk jidf Fiwggjwfhd Nyhghaqfs J njhlugpy tpUjjp nraaggLjy NtzLk
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2002 ygt Nghuffhy tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa gpurrpidfspy gzpahwWk mur rhugww epWtdqfspy 3 tPjk khjjpuNk ghjpffgll MzfSld gzpahwWtjpy ltLglld27 dWtiugt eepiyik Xustpy khjjpuNk KdNdwwkileJssJ
279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
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II mkrqfspd csslffqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gpddpizgG 1m Fwwqfspd
mkrqfspd epuy
1 mbggilapYss Fwwqfspd jdptifr
Rlba mkrqffs (vej nray
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
269mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 4
rll tof F cjhuzk ndash khu lbdh N[hd rd tof F
rptpy juggpdUffhd rlljjuzpgt ngy[pakgt xfNlhgu 2014
lsquoiygPupa fpsurrpf FOtpd rhus] nlayupd13 Njrpa NjrggwW Kddzpapd Kddhs Mlbywp giljjsgjpAk iygPupa gpuirnahUtUkhd khulbdh N[hdrDfF vjpuhd toffpy ghjpffgglNlhiuAk mtufsJ FLkgqfisAk ehd gpujpepjpjJtggLjJfpdNwdrsquo
khulbdh N[hdrd 2014 nrgnlkgu 17 Mk jpfjpadW n[dl gpuNjrjjpy ifJ nraagglLgt iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghjhd fhyggFjpapy (1989 ndash 1996)gt ghupa nfhiyfsgt rpWtu Nghuhspfisg gilapy Nrujjy kwWk ghypay tdKiw csslqfyhd NghufFwwqfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwqfs vdf fUjggLk Fwwqfspy mtuJ Neubg gqFgwwYffhf ngy[pa ePjpgjpnahUtuhy Fwwk rhllggllhu gyNtW Mzfspd MZWgGfis N[hdrd rpijjjik Nghdw Fwpggpljjff nfhba ghypay Fwwqfs gwwpa rhujJjyfisAk ttofF nfhzLssJ
iygPupahtpd csehlL AjjjjpdNghJ ioffggll rutNjr FwwrnrayfSffhf xUtUfnfjpuhf FwwggfuT nraaggllik JNt Kjwwlitnadgjhy J xU jpUgGKidahd toffhf mikfpdwJ Nghjpa rhlrpaqfs NrfupffggLkhapdgt Nkhjy oepiynahdwpy ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhf ioffggll ghypay tdKiwfF cau gjtpapYss ngznzhUtu Neubg nghWgGilatuhff fzlwpaggll KjyhtJ toffhfTk J mikAkrsquo
13
13 Wjpapygt fpsurrp affjjpd jiytuhd rhus] nlayu 1997 y iygPupahtpd rdhjpgjpahfj njupenjLffggllhu 1996
Kjy 2002 tiuahd fhyggFjpapy rpahuh ypNahdpy gyNtW efuqfspd kPJ jhfFjyfisj jpllkpllik kwWk Ajjf
Fwwqfsgt kdpjhgpkhdjJfnfjpuhf Fwwqfsgt kwWk IHL wnfjpuhd ghupa kPwyfs Mfpatwwpy Revolutionary United Front (RUF) vdDk fpsurrpf FOtpwF cjtpaikAk MjutspjjikAk Mfpatwwpwfhf 2012 Nk 30 Mk jpfjpadW SCSL dhy tUfF 50 tUl rpiwjjzlid toqfggllJ
jz lidg gakpd w p mjpfhuk g puNahfpf fg glf $bajhd jLj J
itf fg glLs s lq fisAk kw Wk Vida epiyikfisAk
r ptg Gf Fwpfhlbfs (Red-flag indicators) cs slf Ffpd wd
270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd14 cjhuzqfs
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt jdpahs kwWk $lL tdGzuT (MzfshYk kwWk ngzfshYk)
raquo MZWgghy kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo Vida cly cWgGfshy (c-k tpuy) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
raquo tha topahf tdGzuT gytejkhf MZWgig thapdhy cwpQrr nrajy
raquo NghdNwhUld gytej clYwTthay ghypay cwT ykhf tdGzuT
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs (c-k jhagt jeijgt rNfhjupgt rNfhjudgt xdWtpll rNfhjupgt ngwwhupd rNfhjup)
raquo FLkg cWggpdufs myyhNjhu (c-k ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLss rf egufs)
raquo tpyqFfs
raquo kythry topahd kwWkmyyJ thay tdGzuTfF Nkyjpfkhfgt FwwkpiogNghu fhJfsgt fzfs Nghdwtwwpy tpeJ ntspNawwy
gpdtUtd csslqfyhfgt gpwgGWgG kPjhd rpjjputij kwWk rpijgG
raquo gpwgGWgig mbjjy (c-k kpdrhu tlqfshy)
raquo gpwgGWgG vupgG (c-k rpfulfsgt cUffpa gpsh]upfgt nfhjpePu Nghdwtwwhy)
raquo gytej tpUjjNrjdk
raquo gpwgGWggpy ghukhd nghUlfisf flLjy
raquo gpwgGWgGfshy U egufis xdwhff flLjy
raquo kpdrhu mjpurrp
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raquo gytej eputhzk (c-k FLkgjjpdugt ezgufsgt jLjJ itffgglLsNshugt FwwkpiogNghugt rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy)
raquo ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd Nky NtnwhUtu tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLkNghJ (c-k kidtp) nkjijnahdwhfg gadgLjjggLjy
raquo FLkgjjpdu Kddpiyapy tdGzuTfFlgLjjggly
raquo tpeJ ntspNawwggLkstpwF FopnahdwpDs MZWgigj NjaggjwFg gytejggLjjggly (c-k jiuapygt thiokujjpy)
raquo nghJ ljjpy Ra dgk mDgtpfFkhW gytejggLjjggly
gytejkhf gpdtUtd ykhf kylhffy
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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy
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gytej jpUkzqfs ghypay mbikjjdk (c-k rpWtu Nghuhspfs)
14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
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nglb 7
Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy
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15
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273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwJ
17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
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raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo rutNjr klljjpYk $lgt ghjpffggLk MzfSfnfjpuhd Fwwqfspd ghypay gupkhzkhdJgt mjwfhd rllr rllfjjpd mDkjp fhzggLfpdwNghJkgt vgNghJk fUjjpy nfhssgglbUfftpyiy rutNjr ePjpkdwqfspYk epaharigfspYkgt Mzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiw jwNghJk $l tdGzuthf mdwp ngUkghYk rpjjputijahf myyJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd eljijahff fUjgglNl tofFj njhLffggLfpdwJ myyJ twwpwF tofFj njhLffggLtjpyiy czikfSffika mjjifa rllj jFjpfF lLr nryYk rejuggqfspYk $l tthwhf lkngWfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd rllj jFjp xU rpy jPukhdqfspNyNa fhzggLfpdwJ (ghuff - $L 9 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfsrsquo)
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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tofF czikfs rllj jifik
ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Tadic (1997)
A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Cesic (2004)
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif
275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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Ajjf Fwwqfshf jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG
ICC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Bemba (2016)
MffFiwejJ 28 egufspd (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs) kPjhd tdGzuT kwWk $lL tdGzuT mit rpy rkaqfspy FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy lkngwwJ24
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd FwwrnrayhfTk Ajjf FwwkhfTk tdGzuT
EAC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Habreacute (2016)
MtzggLjjy kwWk ghJfhgGg gzpafjjpYss (ufrpa nghyp]) rpiwfspy tprhuizapdNghJ jLjJ itffgglLss MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw J Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbjjykpdrhuk gharrgglygt awiffF Kuzhz ghypay Gzurrp kwWk MZWggpy nghUlfis csspLjy Mfpatwiw csslffpapUejJ25
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf rpjjputij
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
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29
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g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
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ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
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1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
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2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
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krrm
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d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
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b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
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d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
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F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
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(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
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jhtuk (kzgt
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
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Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
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fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
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njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
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4 PAP Nrhjid
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6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
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4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
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4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
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kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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1
2
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MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
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4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
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g pd izg G 5
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O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
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KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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g pd izg G 7
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Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 5
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raquo MZWgghy kythry topahf tdGzuT
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raquo nghUlfisg gadgLjjp (c-k Jgghffpfsgt jbfsgt Nghjjyfs) kythry topahf tdGzuT
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raquo ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd Nky NtnwhUtu tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLkNghJ (c-k kidtp) nkjijnahdwhfg gadgLjjggLjy
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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy
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gytej jpUkzqfs ghypay mbikjjdk (c-k rpWtu Nghuhspfs)
14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276
14
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
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nglb 7
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15
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
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17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ
raquo Nkhjypdhy ghjpffggll ehLfspYss 90 tPjkhd Mzfs jhk ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggbd rlljjpdhy ghJfhgG vjidAk ngw Kbahj oepiyfspNy fhzggLfpdwdu
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raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk
raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) csslffhj ehLfspygt nrawghllhsufs mrnrayfisgt MzfSk Mz gpsisfSk csslffgglLg ghJfhffggLfpdwjhd tiutpyffzqfisf nfhzLssgt rpjjputij Nghdw ghypay jdikaww ghuJukhd jtWfshf MtzggLjjpf nfhssyhk
raquo rutNjr klljjpYk $lgt ghjpffggLk MzfSfnfjpuhd Fwwqfspd ghypay gupkhzkhdJgt mjwfhd rllr rllfjjpd mDkjp fhzggLfpdwNghJkgt vgNghJk fUjjpy nfhssgglbUfftpyiy rutNjr ePjpkdwqfspYk epaharigfspYkgt Mzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiw jwNghJk $l tdGzuthf mdwp ngUkghYk rpjjputijahf myyJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd eljijahff fUjgglNl tofFj njhLffggLfpdwJ myyJ twwpwF tofFj njhLffggLtjpyiy czikfSffika mjjifa rllj jFjpfF lLr nryYk rejuggqfspYk $l tthwhf lkngWfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd rllj jFjp xU rpy jPukhdqfspNyNa fhzggLfpdwJ (ghuff - $L 9 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfsrsquo)
hellipMzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwahdJgt jwNghJkgt
ngUkghYk tdGzuthf mdwp rpjjputijahf myyJ
kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
ePjpkdwkepaharig
tofF czikfs rllj jifik
ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Tadic (1997)
A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayfshf ml opak kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfs Ajjf Fwwqfshf rpjjputij myyJ nfhLukhd eljJif
ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf murpaygt d kwWk kjf fhuzpfspd mbggilapyhd ml opak
ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Cesic (2004)
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif
275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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tofF czikfs rllj jifik
SCSL tofFj njhLeu vjpu Sesay Kallon and Gbao (2009)
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Ajjf Fwwqfshf jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG
ICC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Bemba (2016)
MffFiwejJ 28 egufspd (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs) kPjhd tdGzuT kwWk $lL tdGzuT mit rpy rkaqfspy FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy lkngwwJ24
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd FwwrnrayhfTk Ajjf FwwkhfTk tdGzuT
EAC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Habreacute (2016)
MtzggLjjy kwWk ghJfhgGg gzpafjjpYss (ufrpa nghyp]) rpiwfspy tprhuizapdNghJ jLjJ itffgglLss MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw J Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbjjykpdrhuk gharrgglygt awiffF Kuzhz ghypay Gzurrp kwWk MZWggpy nghUlfis csspLjy Mfpatwiw csslffpapUejJ25
kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf rpjjputij
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy 2002 ndash 2003 fhyggFjpapy Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo (Bemba) d tYTss mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghlbd fPo rpgghafshy ioffggll nfhiygt iwahLjy kwWk tdGzuT26 Mfpa FwwqfSffhf fllisj jsgjp vdw tifapy mtupd nghWggpwfhf toqfggll FwwjjPugghdJ gyNtW tiffspy tuyhwW KffpajJtk thaejJ Bemba jdJ fllisapd fPOss gilapduhy ioffggll FwwqfSffhf ICC dhy Fwwthspahfj jPuggspffggll KjyhtJ egu khjjpukdwp ghypay tdKiwffhf ICC dhy Fwwthspahfj jPuggspffggll KjyhtJ egUkhthu NkYkgt ttoffpd tdGzuTf FwwrrhlLfs tdGzutpdhy ghjpffggll Mz ngz Ughyhuhd MffFiwejJ 28 ghjpffgglltufsplkpUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll rhlrpaqfis mbggilahff nfhzbUejJ ghjpffggll MnzhUtupd mDgtjjpd xU gFjp fPNo jugglLssJ
mtuJ kidtpgt kfs kwWk Ngujjp MfpNahu jhffggll mNj jpdjjpygt mtuJ tstpy itjJ FLkg cWggpdufSk mtuJ maytUk ghujJfnfhzbUejNghJgt dW MAjejhqfpa rpgghafs P23 d ky thrypy jqfsJ MZWgigg GFjjpdu jwfikagt 2002 etkgu khjjjpd MukgggFjpapygt PK 12 Yss P23 d tstpDsgt Fwwkpiojjtufshd tUk gytejkhf jkJ MZWgGfis P23 d kythrYfFs Eiojjjd yk mtupd cliy CLUtpajhf rig fzlwpeJssJ meepfoTfSfFg gpddugt P23 d kythry tPffkilejjhy mtuhy elff Kbatpyiy vdgJld mtUfF ghukgupa iyfspdhy khjjpuNk rpfpriraspffggllJ mtuJ rfjjpYss kffs mtiu mtkupahij nrajdu mtu jkik lsquowej eguhffrsquo fUJfpdwhu (gejp 494)
26
26 kd pjhg pkhdj j pw nfjpuhd Fw wr nray fshf nfhiy kw Wk td Gzu T mj Jld Aj jf Fw wq fshf nfhiygt td Gzu T
kw Wk iwahLjy
277mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
Nghjhd Fwpjj rpy guprPyidfs
ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd epfoTgt jdik kwWk msTfs gwwpa rhlrpaqfis nrawghllhsufs Jbgghf NjbawpejhNyadwp mtufshy mjidg ngwWfnfhstJ rhjjpakwwJ MfNtgt ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJgt dqfhzgglLgt Nghjpastpy MtzggLjjgglL eptujjp nraaggLk nghUlLgt midjJ mkrqfspYk kwWk nghWgGf$wiy ikaggLjjpa vejf fllqfspYk Kiwapay uPjpahf xUqfpizffgglbUjjy NtzLk
fPNo FwpggplgglLss guprPyidfs ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd kPWjyfis MtzggLjJtjwF khjjpuNk cupjjhdit vdgJld MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd g+uthqf Muharrp kwWk jpllkplypypUeJ ghjpffgglltufs kwWk rhlrpfis Neufhzy nratJ tiugt ej xOqFkugpy jugglLss nghJthd topfhllypd gFjpnahdwhfTk fUjggLjy NtzLk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd FwwqfisAk kPWjyfisAk MtzggLjJkNghJgt rpWtufSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw vdDk mjjpahak 16 y jugglLss jftyfs nghJthd topfhllyfis toqFtJld fUjjpy nfhssggLjYk NtzLk
nglb 11
ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggLk Mzfisf fUjjpy nfhsSk MtzggLjjw nradKiwfspd gpujhd mkrqfs
ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjw nradKiwapDs xdwpizjjyhdJ gpdtUk tpjjjpy MtzggLjjw jpllkplYfFg nghUjjkhf mikjy NtzLk
1 fsjjpy nrytplggLk Neuk mjjifa ghjpffgglNlhUld mtrpakhd ekgpfif kwWk xjjpiritj jhgpggjwF mjpf NeuKk gy NeufhzyfSk Njitgglyhk
2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
3 Mz ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjYld njhluGila VNjDk Fwpjj mghaqfis mejuqfjjdik kwWk ghJfhgG gwwpa guprPyidfs $lbizjjy NtzLk (c-k jdghypd mrrk gwwpa rllqfs)
4 ghjpffggll MzfSffhd njhlugPlL toptiffis dqfhZtjwFg nghUjjkhd jpllkply
5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
ghjpf fg gll Mz fSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwhellip
midj J mk rq fs pYk kw Wk nghWg Gf $wiy
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Kiwapay u Pj pahf xUq fpizf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk hellip
278mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
1 g+uthqf Muharrp kwWk gFgghaT
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
271mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
D mDgtKk jhffqfSk
CARSV gwwpa ghjpffggll Mzfspd mDgtqfSk jhffqfSk ghjpffggll ngzfs vjpunfhsgtwwpwFg gyNtW tpjqfspy xjjjhfNt mikAk ghjpffgglNlhu kPJ ghypay tdKiw VwgLjjf$ba rhjjpakhd clygt csgt rf kwWk nghUshjhuj jhffqfs gwwpa glbay xdwpwF mjjpahak 2 ghypay tdKiwiag GupeJ nfhssygt $L 6 ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfisg ghuff J ghjpffggll Mzfs kPJ Fwpggpljjff jhffqfisf nfhzLss Fwpggpll epunyhdiw csslffpAssJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF khjjpuk cupjjhd rpy Fwpggpll rthyfs fPNo RUffkhfj jugglLssd
raquo ghyepiy milahsk ghjpffggll Mzfs kwWk ngzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ xjj ghyepiy epakqfs kwWk juffjjpd mbggilapNyNa mikeJssdgt U juggpdUk jdhy lsquongzzpayghffggLtJldrsquo jd tpisthf juk FiwejtufshfTk fPo klljjpduhfTk fUjggLfpdwdu Mz ngz UtupdJk ghyepiy milahskhdJ jjifa tdKiwapdhy rthYfFlgLjjggLfpdwJ vdgJld Nkyjpfkhd tpisnthdwhfgt jjifa jhfFjyhdJ ghjpffggll MzfSfF ngzzpayghffggLk mDgtjij khjjpukdwp Mzik ePffk kwWk XupdrNrufifahsuhfg ghuffggLk mDgtjijAk toqFfpdwJ Nkyjpfkhfgt ej epfotpd tpisthf ghjpffggll Mzfs ngUkghYk vej tifahd clypay uPjpahd NtiyfspYk ltLgl ayhJssdu mjd fhuzkhf tUkhdk ltlLtjwFk jkJ FLkgqfSfF MjutspggjwFkhd mtufsJ Mwwy ila+WfFsshffggLtJld J mtufspd Mzikia NkYk rthYfFlgLjjpgt ngzfs kwWk rpWtufisg ghJfhjJ mtufSfF toqFeuhf nrawgLk jkJ ghukgupa tfpgqif MwWtjpypUeJ mtufisj jLffpdwJ
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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 6
gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs
ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggll Mzfs - ghypay ehllk kwWk ghypay milahsk gwwpa Ngjkpdwp - gyNtW clypay kwWk Vida Jyqfyfis mDgtpfff$Lk vdgJld it gytej kwWk ayghd tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwqfisAk csslfff$Lk jNjhwwgghL vgNghJk rupahf GupeJnfhssggLtNjh vLjJfnfhssggLtNjh yiynadgjhygt ttifahd vjputpidfs ghjpffgglNlhuhYk mjwFg gjpyspgNghuhYk jtwhfgt mjhtJ ghjpffgglltu mrnraYfF rkkjk njuptpjjhu myyJ mjid tpUkgp mDgtpjjhu vd - nghUsNfhly nraagglyhk J ghjpffgglltufSfNf Foggjij VwgLjjyhk vdgJld jkJ ghypay ehllk gwwpa reNjfjij mtufSfF vOgGtJld jkJ ghypay milahsk gwwpa gajijAk VwgLjJfpdwJ jidj jtpuggjwfhfgt gpdtUtdtwiw Nkwnfhssy gpujhdkhFk
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nglb 7
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273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)
2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk
16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd
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17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
18 eehLfspy rpytwwpygt ghjpffggll Mzfs lsquoghypay jhfFjyrsquo myyJ lsquofzzpakww jhfFjyrsquo vdgtwwpwfhd eptujjpia ehl KbAkgt Mdhy ej VwghLfs nghJthf ngzfspd tdGzutpwF toqfggLtij tplf
Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
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17 18
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
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Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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nglb 11
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5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
mejuqfjjdik gwwpa mffiwfspYk J ghupastpy ghjpgig VwgLjJk rllr rllfjijg nghWjJgt gytej tdGzuT CLUtyhdJ Fwwkhffgglyhk mjJld epuggejkmrRWjjyfs jwfhgGfshf vLffggl KbahjpUffyhk ghjpffggll MzfSld gzpGupAk nrawghllhsufs lsquoXupdrNrufifis CfFtpggjhfrsquo nghUs nfhssgglyhk vdgJld rfqfsgt mjpfhupfs kwWk VidNahuplkpUeJ Nkyjpf jilfisAk vjpunfhssf$Lk jidf Fiwggjwfhd Nyhghaqfs J njhlugpy tpUjjp nraaggLjy NtzLk
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2002 ygt Nghuffhy tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa gpurrpidfspy gzpahwWk mur rhugww epWtdqfspy 3 tPjk khjjpuNk ghjpffgll MzfSld gzpahwWtjpy ltLglld27 dWtiugt eepiyik Xustpy khjjpuNk KdNdwwkileJssJ
279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
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II mkrqfspd csslffqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gpddpizgG 1m Fwwqfspd
mkrqfspd epuy
1 mbggilapYss Fwwqfspd jdptifr
Rlba mkrqffs (vej nray
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6
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Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd
nglb 8
tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs
189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ
raquo Nkhjypdhy ghjpffggll ehLfspYss 90 tPjkhd Mzfs jhk ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggbd rlljjpdhy ghJfhgG vjidAk ngw Kbahj oepiyfspNy fhzggLfpdwdu
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raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk
raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif
275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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nglb 11
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1 fsjjpy nrytplggLk Neuk mjjifa ghjpffgglNlhUld mtrpakhd ekgpfif kwWk xjjpiritj jhgpggjwF mjpf NeuKk gy NeufhzyfSk Njitgglyhk
2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
3 Mz ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjYld njhluGila VNjDk Fwpjj mghaqfis mejuqfjjdik kwWk ghJfhgG gwwpa guprPyidfs $lbizjjy NtzLk (c-k jdghypd mrrk gwwpa rllqfs)
4 ghjpffggll MzfSffhd njhlugPlL toptiffis dqfhZtjwFg nghUjjkhd jpllkply
5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo Fwpfhlbfs jLjJ itffggLk epiyikfsgt Fwpjj ghjpgGWepiy myyJ mjpfhu rkepiyapdik fhzggLk Vida epiyikfs Nghdw mjjifa tdKiwnahdW lkngwwpUffyhk vdgijf Fwpggplf$ba rptgGf FwpaPLfs kwWk Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ NjhdWk Vida Fwpfhlbfs (c-k KJF typ myyJ ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs gwwp KiwapLk Mzfspd rpfprir mwpfiffspy rLjpahd mjpfupgG) gwwp tpopgghftpUjjy NtzLk (ghuff- $L 13 lsquoMzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwfspd Fwpfhlbfsrsquo)
raquo mghaqfs Muharrpapd oikT - ghjpffggll Mzfs Nehffpajhd rf kdepiyfs csslqfyhd Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjy kwWk NtNwNjDk rllr rllfjjpd gpufhuk jfty NrfupffgglbUggpDk$lgt gpuNahfpffgglf$ba csSu rllr rllfk (NkYss cgt rllr rllfqfisg ghuff) Mfpait njhluGila Fwpjj mghaqfsjdghypd mrrk fhzggLk xU rpy oikTfspygt XupdrNrufif gwwpa reNjfkhdJ kuzkgt rpiwapyilgG myyJ Vida ghuJukhd tpisTfSfF lLrnryYk vdgJld VidatwWld NrujJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ntspteJ mJ FwpjJg NgRtjpYk
27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
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g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
mrRWjjyfs myyJ ghjpgGWepiyfs njhlughd yqfis dqfhzTk mjjfia mrRWjjyfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSff khjjpukyy rhlrpfs kwWk gzpahsufsgt jftyfs MfpatwWfF Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gwwp rpejpjJg ghuffTk mrRWjjyfis tifggLjJk Kfkhf fPofFwpggplgglLss tplaqfisg gadgLjjp mjjifa mrRWjjy yk kwWk twwpdhy kwWk jjifa mrRWjjyfs ahiu yffhff nfhzL vtthW nrawgLk vdgijAk rpejpffTk
mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
raquo ghypay tdKiwapypUeJ ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfspdhy Vwglf$ba jhkjpffggll myyJ jwNghija clygt cstpaygt rgt nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
raquo NkhjypypUeJ tdKiwfsgt epyffzzp ntbfsgt cileJ tpOej clfllikgG trjpfs
raquo rhlrpfs myyJ cqfSfF MAjfFOffspdhy Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gopthqfygt jhfFjyfs
raquo ngsjPf hPjpahd oypypUeJ Gtpapay epiyikgt fhyepiygt ntssgngUfFgt vjpunfhsstpUffpdw thdpiygt xJfFgGwkhd ghijfsgt Nkhrkhd tPLfsgt mfjp Kfhkfs myyJ csehlby lkngauejtufSffhd Kfhkfs Mfpatwwpd ghJfhgG epiyikfs
raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
1gbKiw xd W
mr RWj jy fis
glbayplTk
2gbKiw uz L
lu fis
kjpg g plTk
3
lu fis
jzpj jy my yJ
Kfhikj Jtk
nra jy
gpddpizgG 2 mrRWjjy kwWk
lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
xivgpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
lu kll kjpggPL
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gbtk 3
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g pd izg G 3
1 ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Vida jftyfis cWjpggLjJtjwF jlatpay rhuej myyJ Vida tifahd ngsjPf tifahd rhdWfs css+ur rll newpKiwfspd gbAk rhdWfs tiffspd njhlugpYk mtrpaggLfpdwdth (cjhuzkhfgt Fwwtpaygt rptpygt murpayikgG myyJ Vidait)
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
bull cqfSfF mtrpakhd rll hPjpahd mjpfhuk cssjh
bull rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis Kiwahff fsQrpaggLjjp mtwiw cqfshy ghJfhff KbAkh
4 kPwyfs lkngww ljjpy myyJ fsjjpy ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ePqfs fhZk glrjjpygt mtwiwr NrfhpggjwF Kddu mjjifa rhdWfis VwfdNt NrfhpggjwF myyJ gjpTnratjwF myyJ MtzggLjJtjwF myyJ NtWtpjkhf ePqfs KadWssPufsh
bull ePzfs fzlwpej tplak njhlugpy FwpgngLjjybull tdKiw lkngww lk njhlugpyhd tiugpid Nkwnfhssy
bull nghUlfs njhlughd Gifgglqfis vLjjy kwWk kPwy lkngww ljjpidg GifgglnkLjjy
bull thagGss rejuggqfspy tdKiwfs lkngww lqfis tPbNah gjpTnrajybull thagGss rejuggqfspy ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfSld kPwyfs lkngww
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xviiigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
xixgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
15 jhfFjy lkngWtjwF 60 ehlfSfF Kddu NehahspfF Nahdpapy fhaqfsgt Vida fhaqfsgt rpfprir Kiwfs fhzgglld it
jwNghija kUjJtr Nrhjidapd nghUlNfhlyfis ghjpffyhk
ldquo3 wF Nkyrdquo vdpy yffjijf FwpggplTk
ufrpa Mtzk
uagn dphtjjpsafirpfpr NordmCNOMrpfprifaspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 1 of 4
7 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN2 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN
20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
A Nehahsu gwwpa jfty1 Wjpg ngau
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njhpahJ
8 gpwej lk
9 jpUkz epiy
10 pjfpj wwgnkl ahlptjhk fhapjW
12 djewpg dlUpac sfjieoF dijjv 13 hapzpgghf JhgNwj
njhpahJMk yiy
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
18 hjllggffpfhaNupg kjetyg Jyym sfqjAM gtyjjWRrm (VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
njhpahJ
19 gytejk MAjqfs tif
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Mzngz
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Nehahsu Mz vdpdgt 14 tJ Nfstp tiu jtpuffTk
1 fifpzzv dpsfuge fjNer
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KjyhtJ reNjf egu 2 ndash 6 NfstpfSfF gjpyspffTk
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3 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
4 Jat phrhur dphge fjNer
6 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
5 reNjf egugt rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJ
njhpahJ
Mk yiy
2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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yjjuptj
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njhpahJ
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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njhpahJ
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10 reNjf egu
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
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njhpahJ
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c sflUhgnadiV
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c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
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tuzl frpT
clw gFjp fzlwpjyfs fUjJffs
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
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1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)
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raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk
raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy
17 18
274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
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raquo rutNjr klljjpYk $lgt ghjpffggLk MzfSfnfjpuhd Fwwqfspd ghypay gupkhzkhdJgt mjwfhd rllr rllfjjpd mDkjp fhzggLfpdwNghJkgt vgNghJk fUjjpy nfhssgglbUfftpyiy rutNjr ePjpkdwqfspYk epaharigfspYkgt Mzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiw jwNghJk $l tdGzuthf mdwp ngUkghYk rpjjputijahf myyJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd eljijahff fUjgglNl tofFj njhLffggLfpdwJ myyJ twwpwF tofFj njhLffggLtjpyiy czikfSffika mjjifa rllj jFjpfF lLr nryYk rejuggqfspYk $l tthwhf lkngWfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd rllj jFjp xU rpy jPukhdqfspNyNa fhzggLfpdwJ (ghuff - $L 9 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfsrsquo)
hellipMzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwahdJgt jwNghJkgt
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
ePjpkdwkepaharig
tofF czikfs rllj jifik
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A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Cesic (2004)
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kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif
275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Bemba (2016)
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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nglb 11
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1 fsjjpy nrytplggLk Neuk mjjifa ghjpffgglNlhUld mtrpakhd ekgpfif kwWk xjjpiritj jhgpggjwF mjpf NeuKk gy NeufhzyfSk Njitgglyhk
2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
3 Mz ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjYld njhluGila VNjDk Fwpjj mghaqfis mejuqfjjdik kwWk ghJfhgG gwwpa guprPyidfs $lbizjjy NtzLk (c-k jdghypd mrrk gwwpa rllqfs)
4 ghjpffggll MzfSffhd njhlugPlL toptiffis dqfhZtjwFg nghUjjkhd jpllkply
5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo Fwpfhlbfs jLjJ itffggLk epiyikfsgt Fwpjj ghjpgGWepiy myyJ mjpfhu rkepiyapdik fhzggLk Vida epiyikfs Nghdw mjjifa tdKiwnahdW lkngwwpUffyhk vdgijf Fwpggplf$ba rptgGf FwpaPLfs kwWk Muharrpf flljjpdNghJ NjhdWk Vida Fwpfhlbfs (c-k KJF typ myyJ ghypay cwTKiwfspy gpurrpidfs gwwp KiwapLk Mzfspd rpfprir mwpfiffspy rLjpahd mjpfupgG) gwwp tpopgghftpUjjy NtzLk (ghuff- $L 13 lsquoMzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwfspd Fwpfhlbfsrsquo)
raquo mghaqfs Muharrpapd oikT - ghjpffggll Mzfs Nehffpajhd rf kdepiyfs csslqfyhd Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwia MtzggLjjy kwWk NtNwNjDk rllr rllfjjpd gpufhuk jfty NrfupffgglbUggpDk$lgt gpuNahfpffgglf$ba csSu rllr rllfk (NkYss cgt rllr rllfqfisg ghuff) Mfpait njhluGila Fwpjj mghaqfsjdghypd mrrk fhzggLk xU rpy oikTfspygt XupdrNrufif gwwpa reNjfkhdJ kuzkgt rpiwapyilgG myyJ Vida ghuJukhd tpisTfSfF lLrnryYk vdgJld VidatwWld NrujJ ghjpffggll Mzfs ntspteJ mJ FwpjJg NgRtjpYk
27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
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g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
mrRWjjyfs myyJ ghjpgGWepiyfs njhlughd yqfis dqfhzTk mjjfia mrRWjjyfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSff khjjpukyy rhlrpfs kwWk gzpahsufsgt jftyfs MfpatwWfF Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gwwp rpejpjJg ghuffTk mrRWjjyfis tifggLjJk Kfkhf fPofFwpggplgglLss tplaqfisg gadgLjjp mjjifa mrRWjjy yk kwWk twwpdhy kwWk jjifa mrRWjjyfs ahiu yffhff nfhzL vtthW nrawgLk vdgijAk rpejpffTk
mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
raquo ghypay tdKiwapypUeJ ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfspdhy Vwglf$ba jhkjpffggll myyJ jwNghija clygt cstpaygt rgt nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
raquo NkhjypypUeJ tdKiwfsgt epyffzzp ntbfsgt cileJ tpOej clfllikgG trjpfs
raquo rhlrpfs myyJ cqfSfF MAjfFOffspdhy Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gopthqfygt jhfFjyfs
raquo ngsjPf hPjpahd oypypUeJ Gtpapay epiyikgt fhyepiygt ntssgngUfFgt vjpunfhsstpUffpdw thdpiygt xJfFgGwkhd ghijfsgt Nkhrkhd tPLfsgt mfjp Kfhkfs myyJ csehlby lkngauejtufSffhd Kfhkfs Mfpatwwpd ghJfhgG epiyikfs
raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
1gbKiw xd W
mr RWj jy fis
glbayplTk
2gbKiw uz L
lu fis
kjpg g plTk
3
lu fis
jzpj jy my yJ
Kfhikj Jtk
nra jy
gpddpizgG 2 mrRWjjy kwWk
lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
xivgpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
lu kll kjpggPL
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gbtk 3
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g pd izg G 3
1 ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Vida jftyfis cWjpggLjJtjwF jlatpay rhuej myyJ Vida tifahd ngsjPf tifahd rhdWfs css+ur rll newpKiwfspd gbAk rhdWfs tiffspd njhlugpYk mtrpaggLfpdwdth (cjhuzkhfgt Fwwtpaygt rptpygt murpayikgG myyJ Vidait)
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
bull cqfSfF mtrpakhd rll hPjpahd mjpfhuk cssjh
bull rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis Kiwahff fsQrpaggLjjp mtwiw cqfshy ghJfhff KbAkh
4 kPwyfs lkngww ljjpy myyJ fsjjpy ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ePqfs fhZk glrjjpygt mtwiwr NrfhpggjwF Kddu mjjifa rhdWfis VwfdNt NrfhpggjwF myyJ gjpTnratjwF myyJ MtzggLjJtjwF myyJ NtWtpjkhf ePqfs KadWssPufsh
bull ePzfs fzlwpej tplak njhlugpy FwpgngLjjybull tdKiw lkngww lk njhlugpyhd tiugpid Nkwnfhssy
bull nghUlfs njhlughd Gifgglqfis vLjjy kwWk kPwy lkngww ljjpidg GifgglnkLjjy
bull thagGss rejuggqfspy tdKiwfs lkngww lqfis tPbNah gjpTnrajybull thagGss rejuggqfspy ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfSld kPwyfs lkngww
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xviiigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
xixgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
15 jhfFjy lkngWtjwF 60 ehlfSfF Kddu NehahspfF Nahdpapy fhaqfsgt Vida fhaqfsgt rpfprir Kiwfs fhzgglld it
jwNghija kUjJtr Nrhjidapd nghUlNfhlyfis ghjpffyhk
ldquo3 wF Nkyrdquo vdpy yffjijf FwpggplTk
ufrpa Mtzk
uagn dphtjjpsafirpfpr NordmCNOMrpfprifaspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 1 of 4
7 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN2 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN
20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
A Nehahsu gwwpa jfty1 Wjpg ngau
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njhpahJ
8 gpwej lk
9 jpUkz epiy
10 pjfpj wwgnkl ahlptjhk fhapjW
12 djewpg dlUpac sfjieoF dijjv 13 hapzpgghf JhgNwj
njhpahJMk yiy
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
18 hjllggffpfhaNupg kjetyg Jyym sfqjAM gtyjjWRrm (VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
njhpahJ
19 gytejk MAjqfs tif
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Mzngz
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Nehahsu Mz vdpdgt 14 tJ Nfstp tiu jtpuffTk
1 fifpzzv dpsfuge fjNer
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KjyhtJ reNjf egu 2 ndash 6 NfstpfSfF gjpyspffTk
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3 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
4 Jat phrhur dphge fjNer
6 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
5 reNjf egugt rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJ
njhpahJ
Mk yiy
2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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yjjuptj
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njhpahJ
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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njhpahJ
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10 reNjf egu
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
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njhpahJ
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c sflUhgnadiV
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c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
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tuzl frpT
clw gFjp fzlwpjyfs fUjJffs
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll lk
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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raquo ghyepiy gwwpa Nuhk epajprrlljjpd tiutpyffzkhdJ rf R+oiktpDs GupeJnfhssggLfpdwthWgt Mz ngz Mfpa U ghyepiyfisAk FwpggpLfpdwJ cjhuzkhfgt xU Fwpggpll FOtpDs MzfSk Mz gpsisfSk Kiwapay uPjpahf Mzik ePffk nraaggLjyhdJ ndash Vida FwwrnrayfSfF Nkyjpfkhf ndash ghyepiyapd mbggilapy kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd ml opakhd Fwwkhf tprhupffggLjy NtzLk vdgNj jd nghUshFk (Nuhk epajprrlljjpd cWgGiu 7 (1) (V))
raquo tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) csslfFk ehLfspygt tdKiwapd ghypay jdikiag
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kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip
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Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy
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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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2 Neufhziy Nkwnfhsgtu njhlugpy ghjpffgglltupd tpUggj njuptpid NrujJfnfhstjwfhfgt Mz kwWk ngz ciungaugghsufs kwWk Neufhzy NkwnfhsNthu MfpNahUld Nghjpastpyhd gzpahlnlhFjpapdiu mzpfs nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
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5 MtzggLjjw jplljij jpwikahf epiwNtwWtjwfhfgt NjitggLfpdwthWgt xJffPLfSk Nkwnfhssggl NtzLk rpy rkaqfspygttpopgGzuT kwWk nfhsjpwidf flbnaOgGjy epforrpj jpllqfspYk gqFgwWtjwfhd Njit Vwglyhk ePjpkdw eltbfifKiwfSffhf epGzjJt MNyhrid kwWk mgpggpuhajijg ngwWfnfhstjwfhd Njit VwgLtjwFk rhjjpaKssJ
6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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27 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 15
mejuqfjjdik gwwpa mffiwfspYk J ghupastpy ghjpgig VwgLjJk rllr rllfjijg nghWjJgt gytej tdGzuT CLUtyhdJ Fwwkhffgglyhk mjJld epuggejkmrRWjjyfs jwfhgGfshf vLffggl KbahjpUffyhk ghjpffggll MzfSld gzpGupAk nrawghllhsufs lsquoXupdrNrufifis CfFtpggjhfrsquo nghUs nfhssgglyhk vdgJld rfqfsgt mjpfhupfs kwWk VidNahuplkpUeJ Nkyjpf jilfisAk vjpunfhssf$Lk jidf Fiwggjwfhd Nyhghaqfs J njhlugpy tpUjjp nraaggLjy NtzLk
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279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
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ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 9
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EAC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Habreacute (2016)
MtzggLjjy kwWk ghJfhgGg gzpafjjpYss (ufrpa nghyp]) rpiwfspy tprhuizapdNghJ jLjJ itffgglLss MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw J Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbjjykpdrhuk gharrgglygt awiffF Kuzhz ghypay Gzurrp kwWk MZWggpy nghUlfis csspLjy Mfpatwiw csslffpapUejJ25
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275
20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld
21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf
22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ
23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)
24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF
25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf
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26
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F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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raquo ghjpffggll Mzfis vtthW mZFtJ
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280mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 12
Mzfs Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwia vjpunfhstjwfhf jilfspypUeJ kPzLtUjy
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29
29 Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiy rhu ulil epiyia tplLtpLjy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapy kdpjhgpkhd
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7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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276mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
nglb 10
rll tof F cjhuzk - Bemba j Pu g G
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26
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nglb 11
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1 fsjjpy nrytplggLk Neuk mjjifa ghjpffgglNlhUld mtrpakhd ekgpfif kwWk xjjpiritj jhgpggjwF mjpf NeuKk gy NeufhzyfSk Njitgglyhk
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6 Nghjpa jftyfspdik myyJ rhlrpfsgt rfqfs kwWk mjpfhupfsplkpUejhd Vida jilfs MfpatwWld NghuhLtjwfhd nghWik kwWk kPlnlOrrp
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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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279mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs
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iigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs
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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
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iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
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ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
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gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
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3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
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MfftikTfis
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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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dqfhzggll mrRWjjyfis lufspd mbggilapy tifggLjjTk - cjhuzkhfgt epfof$baitfsgt mtthW epfOkhapd mtwwpdhy Vwglf$ba jhffk Nghdwd lufs gwwp rpejpfFk jUthapygt tuyhwW hPjpahf eilngww KiwfisAkgt jwNghija tdKiwfspd jdikgt jdpggll egu myyJ yfnfhdwpd kPJ mjpfkhd ghjpgGffis VwgLjjf$ba epiyikfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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4 MffpukpgG vdw mkrk FwwkpiojjtupdhyFwwkpiojjtupdhNyNa nraagglNtzLnkdgjpyiy vdgij ICC njspTgLjjpAssJ FwwkpioggtH ClWffgglltuhf myyJ NtnwhU egH ghpffgglltiu ClWff epHggejpffggLk
oepiyfisAk mJ csslfFfpwJ
5 ej mkrqfspy VNjDnkhdiw epampgpggJ ClWgGr nranyhdW tdGzHT Fwwkhf mikAk vdgij epampgpggjwFg
NghJkhdJ vdW fllhqfh toffpy ICC jPuggspjJssJ taJgt Kbahikgt myY NtW oepiyfspd fhuzkhf
czikahd rkkjk toqf KbahJ xUtukPJ FwwkpiojjtH mrnraiyg GupejpUejhNyNa xopagt ghjpffgglltupdhy
rkkjk toqfggltpyiy vdW epampgpffj Njitapyiy
tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltupd myyJ Fwwkpiojjtupd3 clypd VNjDk gFjpapy xU ghypay cWgG xdwpdhy Fwwkpiojjtu4 MffpukpgG nrajy myyJ VNjDk nghUis myyJ clypd NtW VNjDk gFjpiafnfhzL ghjpffggllthpd kythry myyJ ghYWgG thrypy clGFjJjy
2 MffpukpgG gytejkhf myyJ tdKiwg gak myyJ mrRWjjygt jLjJ itgGgt cstpay - jHfftpay mlfFKiw myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Kjypa gytej mrRWjjy myyJ fllhggGljjy yk myyJ xU gytejr oepiyiag gadgLjjpfnfhzL mjjifa egUffnfjpuhf myyJ NtnwhU egUfnfjpuhf nraaggllJ myyJ mej MffpukpgG czikahd rkkjk toqfKbahj xU egUfF ioffggllJ5
iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
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NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
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xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
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g pd izg G 2
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g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 3
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g pd izg G 3
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20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
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8 gpwej lk
9 jpUkz epiy
10 pjfpj wwgnkl ahlptjhk fhapjW
12 djewpg dlUpac sfjieoF dijjv 13 hapzpgghf JhgNwj
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
18 hjllggffpfhaNupg kjetyg Jyym sfqjAM gtyjjWRrm (VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
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4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
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Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
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1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
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6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
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ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
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9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
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fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
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mlltiziag ghuffTk)
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njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
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g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
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4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
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J rpfprir jpllk
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Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
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3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
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4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
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4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
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kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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1
2
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3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
mrRWjjyfs myyJ ghjpgGWepiyfs njhlughd yqfis dqfhzTk mjjfia mrRWjjyfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSff khjjpukyy rhlrpfs kwWk gzpahsufsgt jftyfs MfpatwWfF Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gwwp rpejpjJg ghuffTk mrRWjjyfis tifggLjJk Kfkhf fPofFwpggplgglLss tplaqfisg gadgLjjp mjjifa mrRWjjy yk kwWk twwpdhy kwWk jjifa mrRWjjyfs ahiu yffhff nfhzL vtthW nrawgLk vdgijAk rpejpffTk
mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
raquo ghypay tdKiwapypUeJ ghypay tdKiwapd jhffqfspdhy Vwglf$ba jhkjpffggll myyJ jwNghija clygt cstpaygt rgt nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
raquo NkhjypypUeJ tdKiwfsgt epyffzzp ntbfsgt cileJ tpOej clfllikgG trjpfs
raquo rhlrpfs myyJ cqfSfF MAjfFOffspdhy Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfs gopthqfygt jhfFjyfs
raquo ngsjPf hPjpahd oypypUeJ Gtpapay epiyikgt fhyepiygt ntssgngUfFgt vjpunfhsstpUffpdw thdpiygt xJfFgGwkhd ghijfsgt Nkhrkhd tPLfsgt mfjp Kfhkfs myyJ csehlby lkngauejtufSffhd Kfhkfs Mfpatwwpd ghJfhgG epiyikfs
raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
1gbKiw xd W
mr RWj jy fis
glbayplTk
2gbKiw uz L
lu fis
kjpg g plTk
3
lu fis
jzpj jy my yJ
Kfhikj Jtk
nra jy
gpddpizgG 2 mrRWjjy kwWk
lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
xivgpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
lu kll kjpggPL
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gbtk 3
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g pd izg G 3
1 ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Vida jftyfis cWjpggLjJtjwF jlatpay rhuej myyJ Vida tifahd ngsjPf tifahd rhdWfs css+ur rll newpKiwfspd gbAk rhdWfs tiffspd njhlugpYk mtrpaggLfpdwdth (cjhuzkhfgt Fwwtpaygt rptpygt murpayikgG myyJ Vidait)
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
bull cqfSfF mtrpakhd rll hPjpahd mjpfhuk cssjh
bull rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis Kiwahff fsQrpaggLjjp mtwiw cqfshy ghJfhff KbAkh
4 kPwyfs lkngww ljjpy myyJ fsjjpy ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ePqfs fhZk glrjjpygt mtwiwr NrfhpggjwF Kddu mjjifa rhdWfis VwfdNt NrfhpggjwF myyJ gjpTnratjwF myyJ MtzggLjJtjwF myyJ NtWtpjkhf ePqfs KadWssPufsh
bull ePzfs fzlwpej tplak njhlugpy FwpgngLjjybull tdKiw lkngww lk njhlugpyhd tiugpid Nkwnfhssy
bull nghUlfs njhlughd Gifgglqfis vLjjy kwWk kPwy lkngww ljjpidg GifgglnkLjjy
bull thagGss rejuggqfspy tdKiwfs lkngww lqfis tPbNah gjpTnrajybull thagGss rejuggqfspy ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfSld kPwyfs lkngww
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xviiigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
xixgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
15 jhfFjy lkngWtjwF 60 ehlfSfF Kddu NehahspfF Nahdpapy fhaqfsgt Vida fhaqfsgt rpfprir Kiwfs fhzgglld it
jwNghija kUjJtr Nrhjidapd nghUlNfhlyfis ghjpffyhk
ldquo3 wF Nkyrdquo vdpy yffjijf FwpggplTk
ufrpa Mtzk
uagn dphtjjpsafirpfpr NordmCNOMrpfprifaspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 1 of 4
7 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN2 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN
20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
A Nehahsu gwwpa jfty1 Wjpg ngau
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njhpahJ
8 gpwej lk
9 jpUkz epiy
10 pjfpj wwgnkl ahlptjhk fhapjW
12 djewpg dlUpac sfjieoF dijjv 13 hapzpgghf JhgNwj
njhpahJMk yiy
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
18 hjllggffpfhaNupg kjetyg Jyym sfqjAM gtyjjWRrm (VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
njhpahJ
19 gytejk MAjqfs tif
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Mzngz
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Nehahsu Mz vdpdgt 14 tJ Nfstp tiu jtpuffTk
1 fifpzzv dpsfuge fjNer
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KjyhtJ reNjf egu 2 ndash 6 NfstpfSfF gjpyspffTk
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3 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
4 Jat phrhur dphge fjNer
6 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
5 reNjf egugt rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJ
njhpahJ
Mk yiy
2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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yjjuptj
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njhpahJ
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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njhpahJ
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10 reNjf egu
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
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yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
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gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
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njhpahJ
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c sflUhgnadiV
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c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
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tuzl frpT
clw gFjp fzlwpjyfs fUjJffs
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
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1 FwwkpiojjtH xU egUfF myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egHfSfF fLk cly myyJ cs Ntjidia VwgLjjpdhH2
2 mjjifa egH myyJ egufs FGwwkpiojjthpd ghJfhggpy myyJ mtuJ flLghlbd fPo UejdU
3 mjjifa Ntjid myyJ Jdgk rllG+Htkhd jilfspypUej khjjpuk vo tpiyiy myyJ mjd csshUj mkrkhf myyJ mjwF ilNeH tpisthdjhf Ufftpyiy
4 FwwkpiojjtH - jftyfis myyJ xU Fww xgGjiyg ngWjygt jzlizgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejggLjJjy myyJ VNjDk xU tifapyhd ghuglrjjpd mbggilapyhd VNjDk fhuzk Mfpa Nehffjjpwfhf Ntjidia myyJ Jdgjij VwgLjjpdhU (xU Ajjf Fwwkhf rpjpjputij nrajYfF khjjpuk gpuNahfpffggLk)
1 rpy cssf epahjpffqfspy rpjjputijia jdpjJ mfFwwjjpwF khjjpuk tofF njhlugglyhk (mjhtJ Ajjf
Fww tpjpfspd fPo khjjpukpdwp kdpj Fyjjpwnfjpuhd FwwkhfTk dg gLnfhiyahfTk) mjjif epahahjpffqfspy
nrawghllhsHfs nghUjjkhd csehlL VwghLfSffika jhk jpUgjpggLjjpa mkrqfis gadgLjj NtzLk
2 NtW xUtH tzGzHT nraaggLtij myyJ ghypay uPjpahf jhffggLtij ghuff epHggejpffggLtJ xU rpjjputijr
nrayhf mikaf$ba ngUk kd Ntjiia myyJ Jdgjij VwgLjJnkdW fzlwpagglLssJ NkYkgt gfpuqfkhf
xU ghypapay nraiyr nraAkhW gytejggLjjggLjy (uzL ifjpfs rpiwf fhtyufs KdNd xUtU kwwtuJ
MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggLjy) myyJ gfpuqfkhf myyJ FLkg cWggpdHfs Kddpiyapy tdGzHT
nraaggLjy myyJ ghypay uPjpahf jhffggLjy MfpadTk xU
3 r pj j putijr nrayhf mikayhk Nuhk rllj j pd Fw w mk rq fs ldquoMf f puk pg G vz zf fU ghy e piy eLepiyahf
Uf Fkstpw F t pu pthdjhFk rdquo vd gij vLj Jf fhlLfpwJrsquo
4 MffpukpgG vdw mkrk FwwkpiojjtupdhyFwwkpiojjtupdhNyNa nraagglNtzLnkdgjpyiy vdgij ICC njspTgLjjpAssJ FwwkpioggtH ClWffgglltuhf myyJ NtnwhU egH ghpffgglltiu ClWff epHggejpffggLk
oepiyfisAk mJ csslfFfpwJ
5 ej mkrqfspy VNjDnkhdiw epampgpggJ ClWgGr nranyhdW tdGzHT Fwwkhf mikAk vdgij epampgpggjwFg
NghJkhdJ vdW fllhqfh toffpy ICC jPuggspjJssJ taJgt Kbahikgt myY NtW oepiyfspd fhuzkhf
czikahd rkkjk toqf KbahJ xUtukPJ FwwkpiojjtH mrnraiyg GupejpUejhNyNa xopagt ghjpffgglltupdhy
rkkjk toqfggltpyiy vdW epampgpffj Njitapyiy
tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltupd myyJ Fwwkpiojjtupd3 clypd VNjDk gFjpapy xU ghypay cWgG xdwpdhy Fwwkpiojjtu4 MffpukpgG nrajy myyJ VNjDk nghUis myyJ clypd NtW VNjDk gFjpiafnfhzL ghjpffggllthpd kythry myyJ ghYWgG thrypy clGFjJjy
2 MffpukpgG gytejkhf myyJ tdKiwg gak myyJ mrRWjjygt jLjJ itgGgt cstpay - jHfftpay mlfFKiw myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Kjypa gytej mrRWjjy myyJ fllhggGljjy yk myyJ xU gytejr oepiyiag gadgLjjpfnfhzL mjjifa egUffnfjpuhf myyJ NtnwhU egUfnfjpuhf nraaggllJ myyJ mej MffpukpgG czikahd rkkjk toqfKbahj xU egUfF ioffggllJ5
iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
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g pd izg G 2
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g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 3
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a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
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g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
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mtprakhdit
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
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O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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4 FwwkpiojjtH - jftyfis myyJ xU Fww xgGjiyg ngWjygt jzlizgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejggLjJjy myyJ VNjDk xU tifapyhd ghuglrjjpd mbggilapyhd VNjDk fhuzk Mfpa Nehffjjpwfhf Ntjidia myyJ Jdgjij VwgLjjpdhU (xU Ajjf Fwwkhf rpjpjputij nrajYfF khjjpuk gpuNahfpffggLk)
1 rpy cssf epahjpffqfspy rpjjputijia jdpjJ mfFwwjjpwF khjjpuk tofF njhlugglyhk (mjhtJ Ajjf
Fww tpjpfspd fPo khjjpukpdwp kdpj Fyjjpwnfjpuhd FwwkhfTk dg gLnfhiyahfTk) mjjif epahahjpffqfspy
nrawghllhsHfs nghUjjkhd csehlL VwghLfSffika jhk jpUgjpggLjjpa mkrqfis gadgLjj NtzLk
2 NtW xUtH tzGzHT nraaggLtij myyJ ghypay uPjpahf jhffggLtij ghuff epHggejpffggLtJ xU rpjjputijr
nrayhf mikaf$ba ngUk kd Ntjiia myyJ Jdgjij VwgLjJnkdW fzlwpagglLssJ NkYkgt gfpuqfkhf
xU ghypapay nraiyr nraAkhW gytejggLjjggLjy (uzL ifjpfs rpiwf fhtyufs KdNd xUtU kwwtuJ
MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggLjy) myyJ gfpuqfkhf myyJ FLkg cWggpdHfs Kddpiyapy tdGzHT
nraaggLjy myyJ ghypay uPjpahf jhffggLjy MfpadTk xU
3 r pj j putijr nrayhf mikayhk Nuhk rllj j pd Fw w mk rq fs ldquoMf f puk pg G vz zf fU ghy e piy eLepiyahf
Uf Fkstpw F t pu pthdjhFk rdquo vd gij vLj Jf fhlLfpwJrsquo
4 MffpukpgG vdw mkrk FwwkpiojjtupdhyFwwkpiojjtupdhNyNa nraagglNtzLnkdgjpyiy vdgij ICC njspTgLjjpAssJ FwwkpioggtH ClWffgglltuhf myyJ NtnwhU egH ghpffgglltiu ClWff epHggejpffggLk
oepiyfisAk mJ csslfFfpwJ
5 ej mkrqfspy VNjDnkhdiw epampgpggJ ClWgGr nranyhdW tdGzHT Fwwkhf mikAk vdgij epampgpggjwFg
NghJkhdJ vdW fllhqfh toffpy ICC jPuggspjJssJ taJgt Kbahikgt myY NtW oepiyfspd fhuzkhf
czikahd rkkjk toqf KbahJ xUtukPJ FwwkpiojjtH mrnraiyg GupejpUejhNyNa xopagt ghjpffgglltupdhy
rkkjk toqfggltpyiy vdW epampgpffj Njitapyiy
tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltupd myyJ Fwwkpiojjtupd3 clypd VNjDk gFjpapy xU ghypay cWgG xdwpdhy Fwwkpiojjtu4 MffpukpgG nrajy myyJ VNjDk nghUis myyJ clypd NtW VNjDk gFjpiafnfhzL ghjpffggllthpd kythry myyJ ghYWgG thrypy clGFjJjy
2 MffpukpgG gytejkhf myyJ tdKiwg gak myyJ mrRWjjygt jLjJ itgGgt cstpay - jHfftpay mlfFKiw myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Kjypa gytej mrRWjjy myyJ fllhggGljjy yk myyJ xU gytejr oepiyiag gadgLjjpfnfhzL mjjifa egUffnfjpuhf myyJ NtnwhU egUfnfjpuhf nraaggllJ myyJ mej MffpukpgG czikahd rkkjk toqfKbahj xU egUfF ioffggllJ5
iiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
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g pd izg G 2
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g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 3
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a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
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g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
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mtprakhdit
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
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O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
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NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
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2 MffpukpgG gytejkhf myyJ tdKiwg gak myyJ mrRWjjygt jLjJ itgGgt cstpay - jHfftpay mlfFKiw myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Kjypa gytej mrRWjjy myyJ fllhggGljjy yk myyJ xU gytejr oepiyiag gadgLjjpfnfhzL mjjifa egUffnfjpuhf myyJ NtnwhU egUfnfjpuhf nraaggllJ myyJ mej MffpukpgG czikahd rkkjk toqfKbahj xU egUfF ioffggllJ5
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1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
7 flqfh tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ghypay ghypay mbikjjdjJld njhluGila Fwwqfspd mkrqfs gwwpa kpf tphpthd tiutpyffzjij IrPrP toqFfpdwJ ejr rkgtjJld njhluGila nrayfs tiffis gFgghaT nrafpdw rejuggqfspy xtnthU tofF myyJ tplaqfs njhlugpYk jdpjjdpahd mZFKiwfis NkwnfhstJ mtrpankd ePjpkdwk FwpggpllJ Rjejpu elkhlljijj jilnratJ njhlugpy fUjJj njhptpfifapy ePjpkdwk FwpggplljhtJgt jLgGffhty myyJ ifJnraJ itjjpUjjYld njhluGila jftyfshdJ rkgejggllitahff fhzggLfpdwd Vnddpygt xUtuJ elkhlljjpid myyJ njhptpid klLggLjJtjwfhd jjifa Kawrpfs jftyfSld njhluGilajhff fhzggLfpdwd kwWk xUtu jggpjJr nrytjwfhd Kawrpfisj jLffpdw myyJ clrhfkpoffr nrafpdw eilKiwfs gwwpa jftyfSk csslqFk mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjjygt gyhjfhuk myyJ Vida tbtpyhd ngsjPf myyJ cstpay hPjpapyhd gytejqfs MfpatwWld njhluGila jftyfs myyJ rkgtqfs Nghdwd ej mkrqfis toqFtJld njhluGiladthff fhzggLfpdwd mjNjhLgt cstpay mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjikgt ghjpffgglltu ghjpgGW epiyapypUej jdikfs myyJ gytejkhf njhopypy ltLgLtjwF epuggejpffggllik MfpadTk fUjjpwnfhssggly NtzLk ntWk tujjf hPjpahd nfhLffy thqfyfs Nkwnfhssggllik vdgjwf kwwtu kPjhd cilik hPjpahd chpik yiynadgij ePjpkdwk typAWjjpaJ jjifa cilikfis kwwtu kPJ gpuNahfpffggll rfgt nghUshjhu epiyikfisf fUjjpwnfhzL MuhatJ Kffpankdf FwpggplggllJ jdJ epiyikia khwwpaikggjwF myyJ rPunratjwfhd Mwwyfs mww ghjpffgglltuJ epiyapypUeJ mbikjjdjjpd mbggilg gzGfs myyJ jdikfs Mukgkhfpdwd
8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo
gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
1 ghjpffgglltu kPJ Fwwkpiojjtu gytejkhf izgigj jpzpjjy
2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8
ivgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs
1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs
1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy
fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
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mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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g pd izg G 1
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11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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njhpahJ
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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Mk yiy
12 kTffspt sifytfj dhgulhjn sfuge fjNer (NehahsUfF ilapyhd cwTfsgt ghyepiyfsgt ruhrhp taJgt reNjf egu nghyp]gt
uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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njhpahJ
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
VidNahu
rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
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O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufis nfhstdTnrajygt tpwgid nrajygt thliffF tpLjy myyJ gzlkhwwpy ltLgly Nghdwtwwpd yk cilik chpikAld7 njhluGila VjhtJ myyJ rfytpjkhd mjpfhuqfis Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjjy myyJ jwF epfuhf mtufs Rjejpuk mDgtpggjwFj jil tpjpjjy
2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu
6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk
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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs
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9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk
ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
raquo epWtdqfspypUeJ murpay Kiwgt JgpuNahfk kpff mjpfhhpfsgt nrawglhky Uffpdw mur Nritfs
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xivgpdizgG 2
mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
O epWtdkhdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nfhs iffis tpUj j pnra J ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fs Mfpatw iwf Fwpg g pLfpd wJ
O nraw gLfpd w oy gt ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw rfy gzpahsu fSlDk mt tg NghJ r pNu l Kfhikj Jt fz fhz pg ghsu fs fye JiuahLfpd wdu
O Fwpg g pll fhy ilnts pf F xUKiw ghJfhg Gf nfhs iffs kw Wk eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw mikg g pd jiyikj Jtk w iwg gLj JfpwJ
O Kf fpa ghJfhg G lq fs kw Wk Ntiy njhlu ghd t psf fk Mfpatw iw xt nthU mYtyfk Fwpj njhJf Ffpd wJgt tw Ws ghJfhg G h Pj pahd nghWg GfSk cs slq Ffpd wd
O g puNjrj j py rllj ij mKy gLj Jgtu fs gt gq f PLghllhsu fs gt JJtuhyaq fs kw Wk gq fhsu fs MfpNahUld ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghly tiyaikg G xd w pid mikg G Vw gLj j pf nfhs f pd wJ
ghJfhg Gj juhjuq fs
njhlu ghd $llq fs e pWtd h Pj pahd ghJfhg Gj njhlu g pyhd topfhlly fis gy NtWtpjkhd G +uzj Jtk kpf f tsq fs toq Ffpd wd (g pd d pizg Giag ghu f fTk ) cWjpahd ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd Kfhhikj Jtj Jld rhu e j eilKiwfis f PNo jug glLs s glbay toq Ffpd wJ
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
e pfo r r pj j pllkply
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy
2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy
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1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy
2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs
1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy
2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk
3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu
mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs
1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy
2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly
3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly
4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly
vgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs
fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)
khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld
3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy
4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk
Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs
1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)
2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd
3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10
4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy
5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy
10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu
11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt
rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd
12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ
mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ
2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld
Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy
13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld
njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs
ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs
3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw
egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy
dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12
1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy
bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy
bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy
bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
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Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
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xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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O Fwpg g pll fhy ilnts pf F xUKiw ghJfhg Gf nfhs iffs kw Wk eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw mikg g pd jiyikj Jtk w iwg gLj JfpwJ
O Kf fpa ghJfhg G lq fs kw Wk Ntiy njhlu ghd t psf fk Mfpatw iw xt nthU mYtyfk Fwpj njhJf Ffpd wJgt tw Ws ghJfhg G h Pj pahd nghWg GfSk cs slq Ffpd wd
O g puNjrj j py rllj ij mKy gLj Jgtu fs gt gq f PLghllhsu fs gt JJtuhyaq fs kw Wk gq fhsu fs MfpNahUld ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghly tiyaikg G xd w pid mikg G Vw gLj j pf nfhs f pd wJ
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
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O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
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fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
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KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
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1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy
bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy
2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13
3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs
vigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14
FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15
Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs
Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16
fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy
uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs
1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs
2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy
3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy
4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif
kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd
Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ
nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ
Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd
15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk
ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk
Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs
njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau
klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs
Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa
rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa
rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk
16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ
VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ
$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF
FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy
myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf
fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF
toqFjy Nghdwd
rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs
1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy
2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy
3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd
4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy
5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
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gbtk 3
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xviigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
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17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
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5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
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6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
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9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
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Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
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gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
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O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
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ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
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g pd izg G 7
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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
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xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
viigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T
Fww mkrqfs
Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd
Fww tiffs kwWk
nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt
izgG mkrqfs
MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfisf
nfhzLssd
rhdW toptif
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj
jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej
fzlwpjyfs
mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs
MzFwpia
clnrYjJtjd yk
Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ
cly kPJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy jjifa
clnrYjjy rpwpjhf
Uej nghOjpYk $l
ghjpffgglltu kPjhd
mjJkPwyfshfNt it
UfFk jdJ MzFwpia
Fjthapy myyJ
Nahdpapy nrYjJjy
myyJ NtW nghUlfis
clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs
clypy vejg
gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg
gpuNtrpjjy myyJ
ghypay cWgGfs
ykhd mjJkPwyfs
(myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghYWgG ykhf
ghjpffgglltuJ cliy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh
hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ
thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ
kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs
tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs
ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ
Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd
rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)
VjhtJ nghUsfs
myyJ clypyd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
Nkwnfhssggll
mjJkPwyfs
VjhtJ nghUlfs
myyJ clkgpd
VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy
ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha
myyJ Nahdpapy
mjJkPwpaikffhd
rhdWfs
ngz cWggpDs ltlbia
clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs
(KghUpdh BrPrP)
gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz
cWggpDs clnrYjjp
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd
rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)
thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs
rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh
mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW
Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd
gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m
gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ
ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff
Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs
g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk
gyNtW tpjkhd
MfftikTfis
csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
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g pd izg G 1
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g pd izg G 2
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1 fifpzzv dpsfuge fjNer
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3 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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6 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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Mk yiy
2 ngau 3 Kjw ngau
11 sfqgghf dijjv
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8 reNjf eghpd ghyMzngz njhpahJ
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11 reNjf egu fijffpdw nkhop
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6 taJnjhpahJ
7 pjfpj jewpg
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uhZtgt MAjfFOitr Nruejtuhgt mtu fijffpdw nkhop Nghdwd)
pjfpj awid kl dijhrNphg gtJjUk
uhZtk MAjfFO
tpjit gphpejpUggtu yyjaliGwV
yiy kjetyg
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
khjtplha epdw gpd
lsquoMkrsquo vdpy tpghpffTk
gtjitupjjpr uhrdpk gtyjLptfqhjn gtkzhtupe jetyg( yjarn rlpatiuhg gaijitupjjpr ydpsfutadiV
)dwdhgN yjarn rwwgFqg Jyym
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(VwGila midjijAk NrhjpffTk)
B sfytfj dhghlhjn sfhge fjNer
neUffkhd gqfhsp Kddhs gqfhsp
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
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xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
D kuhjhfRdhghlhjnpshaheNdhuddpggFfYjFfhj
e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
tdGzuT njhlughd jftyfisg gadgLjjTk (VwGilatpljJ) fhty njhlu fhgGr rqfpypg gbtqfs kwWkGifgglqfis vLffTk
krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
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b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
xxigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
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3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
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4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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g pd izg G 5
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
viiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik
tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf
fhtypy itjjy Nghdw
mrrqfs kwWk cstpay
hPjpahd mOjjqfs
myyJ mjpfhuj
JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg
gpuNahfpggjd yk
gytejkhf myyJ
mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd
ykhf jjifa
mjJkPwyfs ioffggly
myyJ mjjifa egufs
thOfpdw oyfisj
jkfFr rhjfkhf
gadgLjjpf nfhzL
mjjifa egufs jkJ
tpUggjijj njhptpff
Kbahj oepiyfspy
gytejkhf mtufSfF
vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
gytejk ykhd
mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)
Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ
ghypay cWggpd ykhf
ghjpffggllthpd clypy
VjhtJ ghfjjpDs
mjJkPwyfis
Nkwnfhssy
mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl
rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag
gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs
(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll
fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs
mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf
cstpay hPjpahf myyJ
kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt
gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd
rhdWfs
clypay hPjpahf
gytejjijg
gpuNahfpjjikffhd
rhdWfs
mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy
ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf
mtwiw vjpujjikffhd
rhdWfs
gajjpd fhuzkhf
ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis
miojjikffhd rhdWfs
(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)
jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd
Nghjhd rhdWfs
mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ
gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs
tdKiwapdhy Vwgll
mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
cstpay hPjpahd
mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk
njhlughd rhdWfs
Majqfisf fhlb
mrRWjjpaikffhd
rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)
rkkjk njhptpffgglhik
myyJ jhdhf
KdteJ gqFgwwpaik
dikffhd rhdWfs
czikahd rkkjjijj
njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik
njhlughd rhdWfs
jLgGffhtypy
Uejikffhd rhdWfs
thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs
b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-
Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y
ixgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs
Fww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs
khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs
Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs
oikT
Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld
jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs
FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)
nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs
nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)
guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs
Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd
mbggilapy jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssggllikffhd
rhdWfs (kwWk)
mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
jhfFjyfs
NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd
myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu
vdw mwpT
FwwkpiojjtUfF
Uggjwfhd rhdWfs
jd Xu mqfkhfNt
jjifa jhfFjyfs
Nkwnfhssgglld
mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)
xgpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
oikTgt njhlurrp
nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
nkd] wpah
Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu
jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs
mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
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xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
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g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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g pd izg G 3
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bull cqfSfF mtrpakhd rll hPjpahd mjpfhuk cssjh
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bull nghUlfs njhlughd Gifgglqfis vLjjy kwWk kPwy lkngww ljjpidg GifgglnkLjjy
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a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
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O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
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guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs
jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs
gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)
jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs
Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)
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Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)
jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd
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mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
nghJkffs kPJ
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ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
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jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
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jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
xigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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MfftikTfis
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)
cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)
xiigpdizgG 1
ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
g pd izg G 1
jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk
uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)
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uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs
flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)
Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)
jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu
Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)
Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)
jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld
rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy
xiiigpdizgG 2
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g pd izg G 2
1 gbKiw xdW mrRWjjyfis glbayply
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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs
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raquo FLkgk myyJ rfjjpypUeJ tdKiwgt epuhfhpjjygt mtJWfs
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mrRWjjy kwWk lu kjpggPLfis NkwnfhsSjy
g pd izg G 2
gbtk 1
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g pd izg G 2
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gbtk 2
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gbtk 3
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xviigpdizgG 3
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g pd izg G 3
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3 rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfis ghJfhgghd Kiwapy NrfhpjJ mtwiwf nfhzLnrdW fsQrpaggLjJtjwfhd mjpfhukgt Mwwygt tsqfs cqfsplk cssdth Fwpgghf
bull tprhuizahsu vdw Kiwapygt Rfhjhu njhopwJiwiar rhuejtu vdw Kiwapy myyJ NtW tpjjjpy rkgejggll ngsjPf hPjpahd rhdWfisr NrfhpjJ mtwiwg NghfFtujJr nraJgt fsQrpaggLjJtJ njhlugpyhd njhopythzik kpff gapwrpfis ePqfs ngwWssPufsh
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17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
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5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
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6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
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9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
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ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
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nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld
VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs
jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)
jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)
[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]
muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs
cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)
mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)
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jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)
jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)
jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs
Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu
VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)
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ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy
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njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs
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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs
epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)
rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs
rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)
mjpfhupapd rhdWfs
Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)
Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs
NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs
tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs
mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)
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cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs
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xiigpdizgG 1
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g pd izg G 1
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rptpypad nghyp] njhpahJuhZtk MAjfFO
gpddpizgG 4 khjphp ghypay
jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
xxgpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
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e Nehahsp Rakhf Nkwnfhssy
c kTlpggpwFfdipjjlllggwwaNpstnJept
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
1 ngz gpwgGWggpDs nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
2 gpdtUtd Fj thapypy nrYjjggllJ Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
3 GulhjndhkyahtJPkdpggWGgwpg Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
4 GulhjndhkyahtdlJjjF Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
1 gtpshaheNuddpgdpyjFfhj
uhjjpofuPeWpruhjjpsFuhllpgghr uhjjbF uhdpffyJyg
Nehahspapdhy tpsffgglljd gpufhuk jhfFjy gwwpa RUffkhd Kffpa tplaqfisf FwpggplTk
(ejg gFjpapy Fwpggplgglhj Nkyjpf tplaqfs vJTk Uggpd mtwiwj jdpahf izffTk)
1 kjjOmjju 4 )]apryrn(yipeggtn
5 (VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
2 ehbjJbgG 3 Rthrk
epidtpy itjjpUffTk rhdWfisr NrfhpffTk
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krrm
mjpurrpNfhgk
ntlfk
mOif mikjp
njhpahJ
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a MzFwp
b )sf(yupt
c sflUhgnadiV
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
a FfpshaheNJeUpklphgefjNer
b FfpshaheNJeUpypggujkhwd
c NehahspaplkpUeJ reNjf egUfF
d NehahspaplkpUeJ dwhk juggpwF
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
5 epiw 6 cauk
C kffURdhgulhjnsfTofpellgglpafifpwmyhdphsaheN
uhjjpsF
E epfoT gwwpa Nehahsh tpsffk
F Nehahsp gwwpa nghJthd kUjJtr Nrhjid
kiyipedhapjPhyaptsckWwkjijle
(VwGila rfytwiwAk NrhjpffTk)
gpdthqfy Jdgk
(Nehahspapd clkgpypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll ltukhd kwWk tuzl epiyapYss nghUlfsgt jSkGfsgt ciwfs kwWk
Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy Rfhjhu rpfprir epiyaqfspy jlatpay rhu kUjJt kjpggPLfis NkwnfhzL clypay kwWk eljij rhuej mtjhdpgGffis MtzggLjJfpdw gapwwggll itjjpaufs kwWk jhjpfs gadgLjjf$ba khjphp kUjJtr rhdwpjo jugglLssJ
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khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
jhtuk (kzgt
Fgig Nghdwd)
F Nehahspia nghJ kUjJtu Nrhjpjjy (njhlurrp)
Vida fhak
(tpghpffTk)
tuzl frpT
I
GidT fzlwpiffs
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G
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tuzl frpT
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
1 njhil clgFjpf fhak
2 rpWePufg GwkrpWePuf Fohaj Jthuk
3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
4 cjL
5 rpwpa cjL
6 fz ikj jpiur rtT
7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
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yiy
yiy
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Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
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3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
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5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
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fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
O epWtdkhdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nfhs iffis tpUj j pnra J ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fs Mfpatw iwf Fwpg g pLfpd wJ
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O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
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O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Vidait
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
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O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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g pd izg G 7
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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
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O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
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bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
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bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
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xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
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O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
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mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
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3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
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8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
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b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
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4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
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ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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1
2
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Mk yiy
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4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
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O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
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Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
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fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
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g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
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njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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Mk yiy
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5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
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4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
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xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
O epWtdkhdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nfhs iffis tpUj j pnra J ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fs Mfpatw iwf Fwpg g pLfpd wJ
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O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
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O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
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trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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7 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN2 wiKTwc dhypali kffUge fjNer kFfUshaheN
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
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Mk yiy
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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O Kf fpa ghJfhg G lq fs kw Wk Ntiy njhlu ghd t psf fk Mfpatw iw xt nthU mYtyfk Fwpj njhJf Ffpd wJgt tw Ws ghJfhg G h Pj pahd nghWg GfSk cs slq Ffpd wd
O g puNjrj j py rllj ij mKy gLj Jgtu fs gt gq f PLghllhsu fs gt JJtuhyaq fs kw Wk gq fhsu fs MfpNahUld ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghly tiyaikg G xd w pid mikg G Vw gLj j pf nfhs f pd wJ
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jd pg gll ghJfhg G
O jd pg gll kw Wk njhopy thz ik kpf f elj ijfSf F gzpahsu fs nghWg ghf Ug gu Vndd py gt tu fsJ nray fs jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt Vidatu fSila ghJfhg G kw Wk e pWtdj j pd ew ngau Mfpatw iwj jhf ff $bajhfTs sJ
O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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njhlughd eilKiwfs Nrhjijdg glbay
xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
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O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
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gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
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20 Nehahsu kPJ gytejkhf urhaz Nghijg nghUlfis VwWjy
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16 kueN gtpjfpj wwgnkl yjFfhj njhpahJ
17 jhfFjy lkngww lknjhpahJ
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5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
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Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
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11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
e pfo r r pj j pllkply
O Fwpg g pll fhyg gFjpf nfhU Kiw k Psha T nra ag gLk t pjj j py mbg gil lu kjpg g PL xd iw rfy fUj j pllq fSk cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk mbg gil lu kjpg g PlhdJ g pd tUtdtw iw cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
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gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
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ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
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Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
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rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
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5 gpwgGWgGffisj njhLjy jlTjy Mk yiy JllggffprwaK njhpahJ sffJjUf
6 tpeJ ntspNawwk Mk yiy njhpahJ sffJjUf
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 2 of 4
a Nehahspapd clkgpDs nrYjjggllJ
b Nehahsp clkG GwggFjpapy nrYjjggllJ
cstpay hPjpahd jhffk
ftiy
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Vida nghUlfs Nghdwd)
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4
G (ngz) cWgGr Nrhjid
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3 vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFkhd fhak
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7 ngz Fwp ykoTss gFjpfspy fhak
8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
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6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
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yiy
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9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
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fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
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mlltiziag ghuffTk)
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xxiigpdizgG 4
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8 myluh rTzl
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J rpfprir jpllk
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a capu vjphp
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4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
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b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
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(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
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1
2
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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
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KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
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g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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g pd izg G 7
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Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
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kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
kjpggPLgt Gifgglqfs kwWk rjjpaffljhrp Mfpatwiw rll KiwfF myyJ rlljijmKygLjJgtUfF toqFtjwfhd mwptpffggll rkkjjij NehahspfF ehd toqFfpNwd
Mk yiy
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
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Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
mjp KuzwwJ
fzlwpaf$bajhf UejJ
Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
uagndphtjjpsarirpfpr
rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
ggbtjjpy toqfgglLss jftyfs vdJ mwptpwFk ekgpfiffFk clgll tifapyrhpahditnadWk G+uzjJtk kpffitnadWk jjhy cWjpAld njhptpffpNwd
xxiiigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
O epWtdkhdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nfhs iffis tpUj j pnra J ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fs Mfpatw iwf Fwpg g pLfpd wJ
O nraw gLfpd w oy gt ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw rfy gzpahsu fSlDk mt tg NghJ r pNu l Kfhikj Jt fz fhz pg ghsu fs fye JiuahLfpd wdu
O Fwpg g pll fhy ilnts pf F xUKiw ghJfhg Gf nfhs iffs kw Wk eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw mikg g pd jiyikj Jtk w iwg gLj JfpwJ
O Kf fpa ghJfhg G lq fs kw Wk Ntiy njhlu ghd t psf fk Mfpatw iw xt nthU mYtyfk Fwpj njhJf Ffpd wJgt tw Ws ghJfhg G h Pj pahd nghWg GfSk cs slq Ffpd wd
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O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
gpddpizgG 5 epWtd uPjpahd ghJfhgGj
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xxivgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
e pfo r r pj j pllkply
O Fwpg g pll fhyg gFjpf nfhU Kiw k Psha T nra ag gLk t pjj j py mbg gil lu kjpg g PL xd iw rfy fUj j pllq fSk cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk mbg gil lu kjpg g PlhdJ g pd tUtdtw iw cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
lfl Nug
xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
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O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
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8 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt fPwy fhak
11 gadgLjjpa cjhuz lk
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
kyyheJ gLjjy
Vidait
1 clnjhilf fhaqfs
2 Ruggp MzFwp myyJ MzFwpj jzby fhak
3 tpijg igf fhak
4 tpijapy fhak
5 NehahspfF tpUjjNrjdk nraalbUjjy
6 gpllkFjtpopgGkbgGfsgt RUffqfsgt Vida fhak
7 kyfFly
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
Mk
ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo (njhlurrp)
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
yiy
Mk yiy
Mk yiy
9 gpwgGWggpy fhak
10 fUgig thapy fhak
njspthfj njhpfpdw fhaqfs kwWk fzlwpaggll fhaqfs Mfpatwiw fPOss tiugljjpy FwpggplTk
fPOss tiugljjpy mtwWld njhluGila RUfff FwpaPlbidg gadgLjjTk (NkYss mlltiziag ghuffTk)
ngz cWgGr Nrhjid gwwp mwpeJnfhstjwF NkwFwpggplgglLss mlltiziag gbffTknjhilapd clgFjpgt ngz Fwpapd ntspggFjpgt vUthafFk ngz cWggpwFk ilggll gFjp kwWk FjggFjp Mfpatwiwg ghpNrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy NkYss
mlltiziag ghuffTk)
Koqfhy-khuGepiy
H (Mz) cWgGr Nrhjid
njhilapd clgFjpgt Mz cWggpd ntspggFjpfsgt Mz Fwpgt FjggFjpfs Nghdwtwiwr NrhjpffTk (rkgejggll ghypay hPjpahd jhffqfs fzlwpaggLk glrjjpy mtrpakhapd fPOss nglbfisg ghuffTk)
xxiigpdizgG 4
khjphp ghypay jhfFjy kUjJtr rhdwpjo
g pd izg G 4
I MaT$l kwWk Vida Nrhjidfs
nraaggLfpwJ
1 HIV CdPu
2 Nkfg Gz
3 ltuy mowrp B
4 PAP Nrhjid
5 fUjjhpjjy Nrhjid
6 rpWePu Nrhjid
7 tpeJrNrhjid njhwWNeha
8 myluh rTzl
9 Vida Nrhjidfs
J rpfprir jpllk
2 kUeJfs
a capu vjphp
b typ epthuz kUeJ
c mtru fUjjil
d Vidait
Mk yiy fUjJfs
1 ntspgghlbwF gpdduhd NehajjLgG gzLtk (PEP)
a PEP
Mk yiy fUjJfs
3 MwWggLjjy Nrit
a tpNrl epGzhplk Nehahsp mDggthu
Mk yiy fUjJfs
4 nghyp] Nfhhpfiffs
a nghyp] Nfhhpfif G+uzggLjjggllJ
b 4a tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
c
Mk yiy fUjJfs
K kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
1 tuyhwW epfoT
2 eljijrhu mtjhdpgGfs
3 cly rhu fzlwpjyfs
4 MaT$l Nrhjidfs
L kjpggPlL KbTfs
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
kUjJt kjpggPlL fzlwpjyfs
ghypay jhfFjYld
(xdwpidj njhpTnraaTk)
ghypay uPjpahd jhfFjy
M rpfpriraspggthpd cWjpggpukhzk
rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau
rpfpriraspjjthpd xggk
jpfjp
ngWNgWfs nraaggLfpwJ ngWNgWfs
NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
Mk yiy Mk yiy
ngsjPf uPjpahd jhfFjy
1
2
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Mk yiy
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mjp KuzwwJ
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Kuzhf UejJ
5 G+uzggLjjggll Mtzqfs rrhdwpjOld izffgglLssjh
KuzwwJ
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Kuzhf UejJ
MaT$l Nrhjidg ngWif vOjJy tpsffk (jllrR tpUkgjjffJ) Gifgglqfs VwGilajyy
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rpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjp
ojpwdhrrtJjUkyjFfhjyapyhg (njhlurrp)
4b tpwfhd tpil lsquoyiyrsquo vdpy
ggbtjjpy toqfgglLss jftyfs vdJ mwptpwFk ekgpfiffFk clgll tifapyrhpahditnadWk G+uzjJtk kpffitnadWk jjhy cWjpAld njhptpffpNwd
xxiiigpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
ghJfhg G kw Wk gj j puk (ftdkhf Uj jy ) Kfhikj Jtk
O epWtdkhdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nfhs iffis tpUj j pnra J ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fs Mfpatw iwf Fwpg g pLfpd wJ
O nraw gLfpd w oy gt ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw rfy gzpahsu fSlDk mt tg NghJ r pNu l Kfhikj Jt fz fhz pg ghsu fs fye JiuahLfpd wdu
O Fwpg g pll fhy ilnts pf F xUKiw ghJfhg Gf nfhs iffs kw Wk eilKiwfs Mfpatw iw mikg g pd jiyikj Jtk w iwg gLj JfpwJ
O Kf fpa ghJfhg G lq fs kw Wk Ntiy njhlu ghd t psf fk Mfpatw iw xt nthU mYtyfk Fwpj njhJf Ffpd wJgt tw Ws ghJfhg G h Pj pahd nghWg GfSk cs slq Ffpd wd
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O gzpahlnlhFjpa pdu jk ik lUf Fs cs shf Ffpd w nray fisNah my yJ jkJ mikg g pw F mgf Pu j j pia Vw gLj Jk nray fisNah my yJ mjd ghjpg GW jd ikia mjpfh pf ff $ba eltbf iffisNah jt pu j jy Ntz Lk
O Vw Gila rfytpjkhd Njr pa rllq fSf Fk mbgzpe J gzpahsu fs ele Jnfhs Sjy Ntz Lk Njr pa rllq fs my yJ g puNjr tsikr rllq fs Mfpad ru tNjr rllq fSld Kuz gLfpd w nghOJ gzpahsu fs Kfhikj Jtj j plkpUe J Mnyhridfisg ngw Wf nfhs sy Ntz Lk
O g puNjr kf fs kw Wk mjpfhu mikg Gfs Mfpatw w pd rka h Pj pahd ek g pf iffs gt gof ftsf fq fs kw Wk kuGfs Mfpatw iw gzpahsu fs kjpj jy Ntz Lk
O mtru epiyiknahd w pd nghOJ njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz ba jfty fs kw Wk Rfhjhu h Pj pahd jfty fs Mfpatw iw cs slf f pa gbtnkhd iw gzpahsu fs G +uzg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fs ghJfhg G epiyikfs gw w pa fz fhz pg Gf fis Nkw nfhs tNjhLgt Kiwahf mtw iw w iwg gLj j p jkJ KfhikahsUf Nfh my yJ mjw nfd xJf fg gll mjpfhh pf Nfh mt tg nghOJ w iwg gLj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd re ju g gq fis mjNdhL njhlu Gila t plaq fis Kfhikj Jtj j pw Nfh my yJ kd pj tsq fs mjpfhh pf Nfh gzpahsu fs mwpf ifa ply Ntz Lk
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xxivgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
kd pj tsq fs
O kd pj tsq fs njhlu ghd nfhs ifahdJ njs pthf ghJfhg G njhlu ghd tfpghfq fs kw Wk nghWg Gf fisf Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O njhopy njhlu ghd t psf fq fshdJ ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghWg Gf fis njs pthff Fwpg g ply Ntz Lk
O MlNru g G kw Wk jpirKfg gLj jy Mfpatw w pd nghOJ mtu fs vjpu nfhs sf $ba mr RWj jypd jd ikf F Vw w t pjj j py ghJfhg Gj njhlu ghd mwpt pidg ngw Ws sdu vd gij mtu fSf fhd ga pw r pfis toq Ffpd w nghOJ mikg G cWjpnra Jnfhs sy Ntz Lk
O Gjpa gzpahsu fSf fhd jpirKfg gLj jyhdJ ghJfhg Gf nfhs if njhlu ghd jfty fis cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
O gzpahsu fsJ nrayhw Wif k Psha T kw Wk kjpg g PL Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy xOq Ft pj pfSf F Vw g Uj jy Ntz Lk
O ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhft pUj jy (gj j puk ) nfhs iffis k PWfpd w gzpahsu fSf F vjpuhf xOf fhw W eltbf iffs Nkw nfhs sg gly Ntz Lk
trjpfs kw Wk mYtyf ghJfhg G
O mYtyf trjpfs r py jhf fq fis Vw gLj JtJld Njitaw w egu fs cs Ns tUtjw Fk tha g Gf fis toq Ffpd wJ vdNtgt mYtyf tshfj ijr Rw w p Ntyp mikf fg glbUg gJld nghUj jkhd ghJfhg Gf flLg ghlL KiwfSk Uj jy Ntz Lk
O mtrufhy epiyikfs pd nghOJ ahiuj njhlu Gnfhs s Ntz Lnkd gij rfy gzpahsu fSk mwpe j pUj jy Ntz Lk j jifa jfty fs mYtyfj j py fhlr pg gLj jg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O fsT kw Wk aw if mdu j jq fs py Ue J ghJfhf Fk Kfkhf mYtyfk kw Wk mq Fs s cgfuzq fs ahTk KOikahf fhg GWjp nra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O mYtyf trjpfs Kiwahd ghJfhg G cgfuzq fisf nfhz bUg gJld mtru nts pNaWjy lq fisAk nfhz bUj jy Ntz Lk
O j P mizg Gj njhlu ghd t plaq fisf ifahStjw fhf xd W my yJ xd Wf F Nkw gll cWg g pdu fs ga pw Wt pf fg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
e pfo r r pj j pllkply
O Fwpg g pll fhyg gFjpf nfhU Kiw k Psha T nra ag gLk t pjj j py mbg gil lu kjpg g PL xd iw rfy fUj j pllq fSk cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk mbg gil lu kjpg g PlhdJ g pd tUtdtw iw cs slf f pa pUj jy Ntz Lk
1 jw Nghija ghJfhg G mr RWj jy fs gt e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs gt jplltllkhd ghjpg GW jd ikfs Mfpad glbayplg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
2 e pfof $ba xt nthU mr RWj jy njhlu ghd kjpg g PLfs glbayplg glbUg gJld mtw w pdhy mikg g pw F Vw glf $ba ghjfkhd epiyikfSk Fwpg g plg glbUj jy Ntz Lk
3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
O g pNuuizfs kw Wk tuTnryTj jpllq fs Mfpad ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd mk rq fis cs slf f pajhf Uj jy Ntz Lk mitahtd
1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
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gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
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ePu clGfh Nug
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4
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O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
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fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
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ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
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3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
O aq fhw wy kpf f ghJfhg G epiyikfisf fUj j pw nfhz L gzpahsu fs fUj j pllr nraw ghLfis cUthf Fjy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
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O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
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3 e pfof $ba mr RWj jy fs kw Wk ghjpg GWk jd ik Mfpatw iw Fiwf Fk Kfkhf my yJ jzpf Fk Kfkhf cgha Kiwfs t pUj j pnra ag glbUj jy Ntz Lk
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1 gz pahsu fSf fhd ga pw r pfs (jd pg gll ghJfhg Ggt KjYjtp)
2 Ntiyj jsj ij r pwg ghf mikj jy (Ntypfs gt ghJfhg Ggt G +lLfs Nghd wd)
3 ghJfhg G kw Wk ftdkhf Uj jy njhlu ghd nghUlfs (KjYjtpg nghUlfs gt njhiyNgr pfs )
4 kd pj tsq fs (Kf f pa lq fs gt ghJfhg Gj jsq fs gt fhg GWjp)
5 mtr pakhdtplj J ek gfj jd ik kpf f jd pahu ghJfhg Gf fk gd pfSld xg ge j cld gbf iffis Nkw nfhs syhk
xxvgpdizgG 5
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g pd izg G 5
gazk kwWk NghfFtujJ
O gazj jpllqfs gwwpa gzpahsufsJ gjpT KffpakhdjhFk
O gzpahsufs gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw nghOJ mtru epiyikfspd nghOJ njhluGnfhss Ntzba jftyfis jkKld nfhzLnryyy NtzLk (neUqfpa cwtpdugt gpujhd mYtyf njhiyNgrp yffkgt mtru kUjJt Nritfs kwWk rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
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O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
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O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
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g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
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Milfsftufs
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Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
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O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
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ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
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rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O awif mdujjqfs myyJ ghJfhgGj njhlughd gpurrpidfs vOfpdw nghOJ gazk nrafpdw gzpahsu Kfhikahsiu myyJ mttplajjpwFg nghWgghd mjpfhhpiaj njhluGnfhssy NtzLk
O rutNjr gazqfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpahsufs rkgejggll JJtuhyaqfspy gjpTfis Nkwnfhss NtzLk
O gzpahsufs thfdr rhujpfshf Uffpdw rejuggqfspy mtufs Ufifg glbfis mzpejpUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt ghJfhgG xOqFtpjpfSfF Vwg thfdk Uggij cWjpnraJnfhssy NtzLk
O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O rhujpfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk gpuNjr NghfFtujJr rllqfSfF Vwg eleJnfhssy NtzLk
njhlughly kwWk juTfs
O NtiyjjsqfSfF myyJ Vida lqfSfF tp[ak nrafpdw nghOJ gzpahsufsplk ekgfjjdik kpff jkJ ezgufSld njhluGnfhssf $ba tpjjjpyhd njhiyjnjhlughly fUtpfs Ujjy NtzLk cjhuzkhfgt jkkplk gyNtW tifahd rpk mlilfisf nfhzLnryYjy
O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk
O mdbitu] (antivirus) nkdnghUs njhlughd wiwggLjjyfis mikgG nfhzbUjjy NtzLk
O jfty njhopyElg ghJfhgG mkrqfSld njhluGila tplaqfspy rpwgghd gapwrpfs gzpahsufSfF toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt gzpahsufs nfhsiffSfF mikthf eleJnfhsfpdwdu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssYk NtzLk
O rfytpjkhd njhopyElg cgfuzqfSk cWjpahd flTrnrhyypdhy ghJfhffgglbUjjy NtzLk it Fwpggpll fhyjjpwnfhU Kiw khwwgglYk NtzLk
O kpddpay rhuej rfytpjkhd NfhitfSk ghJfhffggll gpsh] liutpDs fsQrpaggLjjggly NtzLk kpfTk mtrpakhd NjitNawgllhydwpgt $UzuTkpff juTfs ngsjPf hPjpahf NghfFtujJr nraagglf $lhJ
O Nfhitfspd td gpujpfs (Hard copies) ghJfhgghd Kiwapy xOqfikffgglbUjjy NtzLk myyJ mopffggly NtzLk
Rfhjhuk kwWk MNuhffpak
O gzpahsufSfF KOikahd Rfhjhu hPjpahd fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk twWs ntspehLfSfFg gazk nragtufshapd rutNjr Rfhjhuf fhgGWjpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk
O xtnthU mYtyfjjpYk Mff FiwejJ xU gzpahsUffhtJ KjYjtp njhlughd gapwrpfs toqfgglbUjjy NtzLk kwWk rfy mYtyfqspdJ thfdqfspYk MffFiwejJ xU KjYjtpg nglb UggJld mJ rfy nghUlfisAk csslffpajhf KOikahfg Ngzggly NtzLk
O nghJ lqfspy mtrufhy kUjJt gjpyspgGr nradKiwfs fhlrpggLjjgglbUjjy NtzLk
O vjpughuhj fhaqfs myyJ jpBnud RftPdKwy Nghdw rejuggqfspd nghOJ gzpahsufs kUjJt trjpfis ehlf$batpjjjpy mUfpy nghUjjkhd lnkhdW dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O neUffbfs myyJ kdtL njhlughd epfoTfspdhy jhffKWk glrjjpy gzpahsufSfFk mtufsJ FLkgjjpdUfFk cjtf$ba tpjjjpy Kd$lbNa mggpuNjrjjpy MNyhrfu xUtu dqfhzgglbUjjy NtzLk
O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk
O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk
xxvigpdizgG 5
epWtd hPjpahd ghJfhgGj njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfs Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 5
g pd d pizg G
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs
ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012
ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy
ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2007gt twGWjjygt vjpujjygt tplhggpbgt Ujjy ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufsJ ghJfhgGk cghaqfSk
twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif
N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh
ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG
rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif
kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011
ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs
kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013
ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011
xxviigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
g pd d pizg G 6 ifg ig
fs tp[ajij Nkwnfhsfpdw rfy rejuggqfspYk nrawghllhsufs jkKld xU ifgigapidf nfhzL nrytJ rpwgghdjhFk ifgignahdiw cqfSld nfhzl nrytjd yk Ullhd rejuggqfspYk mtrpakhd nghUlfis yFthf vLff KbAk (ejg ig ePu clGfhjjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpak yiygt UggpDk Njhspy njhqftplf $ba ig nghUjjkhdJ) Uspy kpddf$bajhfTk xspiag gpujpgypfff $bajhfTk UggJ rpwgghdjhFk MNyhrpffggll tplaqfSs gpdtUtdTk csslqFk
mtprakhdit
Fwpjj igapDs ePu clGfhj NtW xU Mtzg igia itjjpUffTk
dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
kUeJfs
ePuczTfs
gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
EokG tiy
nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
ePu clGfh [hfnflfs kwWk ePsf fhwrlilfs
ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs
ePu clGfh Nug
rjjkhd tprpy
RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs
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xxixgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009
kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL
Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005
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dqfhzggll Mtzqfs kwWk Vida Kffpa Mtzqfs myyJ gpujpfs (cjhuzkhfgt mikggpd cjjuTgt thfd mDkjpggjjpukgt kUjJtg ghpeJiugGfs Nghdwd) ej rfy MtzqfSk cqfsJ kpddQrYfFk cqfsJ ekgpfiffFg ghjjpukhd kwnwhUtuJ kpddQrYfFk mDggpitffggLtJ rpwgghdjhFk mNjNtis cqfSld xU b[ply v]b fhlby jidg gjpeJ ghJfhggh itjjpUffyhk
mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs
mtru epiyikapd nghOJ njhluGnfhssf$batufsJ glbay (cjhuzkhfgt mYtyfkgt kUjJtr Nritsgt nghyp]gt ghJfhgG fkgdpgt rlljjuzp Nghdwd)
cqfsJ igapDs
njhlughlyfSld njhluGilait (cjhuzkhfgt thndhypgt ifalffj njhiyNgrpgt nrakjpj njhiyNgrp nghUjjkhapdgt kpdNdwwggll ngllhpfsgt kpdNdwwf fUtpfsgt KwnfhLggdTj njhiyNgrpfSffhd Nkyjpf fhlfs)
KjYjtpf fUtpfskdtL njhlughd tplaqfs
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gyNtW tifahd fUtpfs (tpkhd epiyak Clhf nryfpdw nghOJ rpy tifahd nghUlfisf nfhzLnrytjwF klLgghLfs tpjpffgglyhk)
kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs
Milfsftufs
xxviiigpdizgG 6
ifgig
g pd izg G 6
Vidait
mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs
tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)
hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs
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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)
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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp
FwpgGg Gjjfkgt ngdrpygt Gjjfk
rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha
fopggiwf fhfpjqfs
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ePu clGfh Nug
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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk
1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr
Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd
tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad
tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy
ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy
O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk
O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
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O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
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Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
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O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
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O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk
O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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UeJ khwwggllJ
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk
O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk
O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk
O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
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O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk
O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk
O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk
O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk
O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk
O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk
O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk
mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy
O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk
a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk
c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs
xxxgpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)
e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs
Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ
O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk
O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)
tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk
ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk
O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
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O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk
O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw
O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk
bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs
jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs
bull nghJthd mkrqfs
nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs
murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs
bull njhluGss mkrqfs
tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs
njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs
Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs
xxxigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)
rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs
O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk
O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd
O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)
O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk
ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk
O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)
O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk
O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ
njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk
O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk
bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy
bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs
bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd
Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk
bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy
bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)
bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)
bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs
KbTffllk
O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)
O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk
O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)
O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk
O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
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8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
gpddpizgG 9 fhty
njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
xxxiigpdizgG 7
Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay
g pd izg G 7
Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk
O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs
O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk
O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk
O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)
O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
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g pd izg G 9
rhdW NrfhpgG fhty
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njhlurrp
tofF y
NkwNfhs y
Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
xxxiiigpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ
rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll
juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk
1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)
2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)
3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy
4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp
5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk
6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau
7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau
8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)
9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop
10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp
11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk
12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)
13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ
xxxivgpdizgG 8
ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk
jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs
g pd izg G 8
14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)
15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
xxxvgpdizgG 9
fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
g pd izg G 9
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njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp
njhlurrp
tofF y
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Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
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fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp
xxxvigpdizgG 9
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g pd izg G 9
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Nrfhpffggll jpfjp
Nrfhpffggll Neuk
rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk
tpsffk
fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk
Nrfhpjjth
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(ifnahggk)
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
UeJ khwwggllJ
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)
(ifnahggk)
khwwggll lk
(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)
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(ifnahggk)
khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
xxxviiGjjfgglbay
Gj jfg glbay
njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay
mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk
16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)
18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk
19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs
20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk
21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs
22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs
23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)
25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)
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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)
fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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khwwggll lk
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khwwggll jpfjp Neuk
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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak
Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627
gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO
Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak
Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah
Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]
De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)
De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia
Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3
Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428
nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb
Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17
Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)
Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268
mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk
Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313
Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12
Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431
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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
xxxviiiGjjfgglbay
Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2
`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy
Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs
Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62
Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330
kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk
rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk
epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC
nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC
rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF
Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690
Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101
McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence
Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica
Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679
Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489
Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk
OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP
rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP
Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs
KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
xxxixGjjfgglbay
Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33
ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI
ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy
Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children
ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG
rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276
rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275
Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78
kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo
TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL
KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR
kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR
UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women
Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs
UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children
UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF
UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO
cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO
World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
xlGjjfgglbay
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom
rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif
vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy
njhlughd rpwej newpKiw
uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur
Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom